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NARROW
Format
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GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Africa
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Central Africa
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Angola (1)
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Congo Democratic Republic (1)
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Congo Craton (1)
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East Africa
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Kenya (1)
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Mozambique (2)
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East African Lakes (1)
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Madagascar
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North Africa
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Algeria
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Atlas Mountains
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Egypt
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Rif
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Southern Africa
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deuterium (5)
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He-3 (2)
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He-4/He-3 (1)
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Hf-177/Hf-176 (35)
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (47)
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Ne-21 (1)
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O-17/O-16 (2)
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O-18 (1)
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O-18/O-16 (68)
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (7)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (4)
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Pb-207/Pb-206 (2)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (3)
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Pb-208/Pb-206 (1)
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Rb-87/Sr-86 (5)
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S-34/S-32 (4)
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Sm-147/Nd-144 (6)
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (63)
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U-238/Pb-206 (1)
-
-
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large-ion lithophile elements (4)
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Lu/Hf (22)
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metals
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actinides
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thorium (6)
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uranium
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U-238 (1)
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U-238/Pb-206 (1)
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alkali metals
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cesium (1)
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lithium (2)
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potassium (5)
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rubidium
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Rb-87/Sr-86 (5)
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sodium (4)
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alkaline earth metals
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barium (1)
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beryllium
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Be-10 (23)
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-
calcium
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Ca-44/Ca-40 (1)
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Mg/Ca (1)
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-
magnesium
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Mg/Ca (1)
-
-
radium
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Ra-226 (1)
-
-
strontium
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Rb-87/Sr-86 (5)
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (63)
-
-
-
aluminum
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Al-26 (4)
-
-
arsenic (5)
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chromium (3)
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copper (1)
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gold (3)
-
hafnium
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Hf-177/Hf-176 (35)
-
-
iron
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ferric iron (1)
-
-
lead
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (7)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (4)
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Pb-207/Pb-206 (2)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (3)
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Pb-208/Pb-206 (1)
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U-238/Pb-206 (1)
-
-
manganese (4)
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molybdenum (1)
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niobium (3)
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rare earths
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europium (2)
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lutetium (2)
-
neodymium
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (47)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (6)
-
-
samarium
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (6)
-
-
ytterbium (1)
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yttrium (6)
-
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tantalum (1)
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tin (1)
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titanium (6)
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tungsten (1)
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vanadium (1)
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zirconium (5)
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nitrogen (1)
-
noble gases
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argon
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Ar-40/Ar-39 (2)
-
-
helium
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He-3 (2)
-
He-4/He-3 (1)
-
-
neon
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Ne-21 (1)
-
-
radon
-
Rn-222 (4)
-
-
-
oxygen
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dissolved oxygen (1)
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O-17/O-16 (2)
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O-18 (1)
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O-18/O-16 (68)
-
-
phosphorus (2)
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selenium (1)
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silicon (1)
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sulfur
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S-34/S-32 (4)
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trace metals (2)
-
-
fossils
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borings (1)
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burrows (3)
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Chordata
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Vertebrata
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Pisces
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Chondrichthyes (1)
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Osteichthyes
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Actinopterygii
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Teleostei
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Perciformes (1)
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-
-
-
-
Tetrapoda
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Amniota (1)
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Amphibia (3)
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Aves (1)
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Mammalia
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Theria
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Eutheria
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Amblypoda
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Pantodonta (1)
-
-
Artiodactyla
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Ruminantia
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Bovidae (1)
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-
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Carnivora (2)
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Perissodactyla
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Hippomorpha
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Equidae
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Hipparion (1)
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-
-
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Primates
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Hominidae (2)
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simians
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Cercopithecidae (1)
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Pongidae
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Proconsul (1)
-
-
-
-
Proboscidea
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Deinotherioidea (1)
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Gomphotheriidae (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Reptilia
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Anapsida
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Testudines
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Chelonia (1)
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Testudinidae (1)
-
-
-
Diapsida
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Archosauria
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Crocodilia (1)
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dinosaurs
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Saurischia
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Sauropodomorpha
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Sauropoda (1)
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Theropoda (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
eukaryotes (1)
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fossil man (1)
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fungi (1)
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ichnofossils
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Arenicolites (1)
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Planolites (2)
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Skolithos (2)
-
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Invertebrata
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Arthropoda
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Mandibulata
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Crustacea
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Branchiopoda
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Cladocera (1)
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Copepoda (1)
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Ostracoda
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Paleocopida (1)
-
-
-
Insecta
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Pterygota
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Neoptera
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Endopterygota
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Diptera
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Chironomidae (1)
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-
Hymenoptera (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Trilobitomorpha
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Trilobita (7)
-
-
-
Brachiopoda
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Articulata
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Productida (2)
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Spiriferida (1)
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Strophomenida (1)
-
-
Inarticulata
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Lingula (1)
-
-
-
Bryozoa
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Cryptostomata (1)
-
-
Cnidaria
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Anthozoa
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Zoantharia
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Scleractinia (1)
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-
-
Hydrozoa (1)
-
-
Echinodermata
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Crinozoa
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Blastoidea (1)
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Crinoidea (2)
-
-
Echinozoa
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Echinoidea (1)
-
-
-
Mollusca
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Bivalvia
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Heterodonta
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Rudistae (2)
-
-
Palaeoheterodonta
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Unionidae (1)
-
-
Pterioida
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Pteriina
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Pectinacea
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Daonella (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Cephalopoda
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Ammonoidea
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Ammonites (5)
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Ceratitida (1)
-
-
Nautiloidea (2)
-
-
Gastropoda (4)
-
-
Porifera
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Demospongea (2)
-
-
Protista
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Foraminifera
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Fusulinina (1)
-
Miliolina
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Miliolacea
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Alveolinellidae
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Alveolina (2)
-
-
-
-
Rotaliina
-
Globigerinacea
-
Globigerinidae
-
Globigerinoides
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Globigerinoides ruber (1)
-
-
-
Globotruncanidae
-
Globotruncana (1)
-
-
-
Orbitoidacea
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Discocyclina (1)
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Orbitoididae (1)
-
-
Rotaliacea
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Nummulitidae (1)
-
-
-
Textulariina
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Lituolacea
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Ammobaculites (1)
-
Lituolidae
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Haplophragmoides (1)
-
-
Trochammina (2)
-
-
-
-
Radiolaria (7)
-
-
Vermes
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scolecodonts (2)
-
-
-
Metazoa (2)
-
microfossils
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Charophyta (1)
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Chitinozoa (2)
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Conodonta
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Hindeodus (1)
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Fusulinina (1)
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scolecodonts (2)
-
-
palynomorphs
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acritarchs (3)
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Chitinozoa (2)
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Dinoflagellata (1)
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miospores
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pollen (8)
-
-
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Plantae
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algae
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Chlorophyta
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Charophyta (1)
-
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Chrysophyta (1)
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Coccolithophoraceae
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Coccolithus (1)
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diatoms (2)
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Epiphyton (1)
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nannofossils (2)
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Rhodophyta
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Corallinaceae (1)
-
-
-
Bryophyta (1)
-
Pteridophyta
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Filicopsida
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Azolla (1)
-
-
Lycopsida (1)
-
-
Spermatophyta
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Angiospermae
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Dicotyledoneae
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Alnus (1)
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Betula (1)
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Euphorbiaceae (1)
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Hamamelididae (1)
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Leguminosae (2)
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Rosidae (1)
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Ulmaceae (1)
-
-
Monocotyledoneae
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Gramineae (1)
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Palmae (1)
-
-
-
Gymnospermae (3)
-
-
-
problematic fossils (2)
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Tardigrada (1)
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thallophytes (2)
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trails (1)
-
-
geochronology methods
-
(U-Th)/He (29)
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Ar/Ar (92)
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exposure age (17)
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fission-track dating (50)
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He/He (1)
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Hf/W (1)
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infrared stimulated luminescence (3)
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K/Ar (5)
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Lu/Hf (22)
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Nd/Nd (3)
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optical dating (2)
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optically stimulated luminescence (18)
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paleomagnetism (30)
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Pb/Pb (6)
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Pb/Th (10)
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radiation damage (2)
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Rb/Sr (11)
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Re/Os (1)
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Sm/Nd (7)
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Sr/Sr (1)
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Th/U (10)
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thermochronology (86)
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thermoluminescence (1)
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tree rings (2)
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U/Pb (297)
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U/Th/Pb (45)
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uranium disequilibrium (4)
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-
geologic age
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Anthropocene (1)
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Cenozoic
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Bakhtiari Formation (2)
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Iron Age (1)
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lower Cenozoic (2)
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middle Cenozoic (2)
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Quaternary
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Holocene
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lower Holocene (2)
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Mesolithic (1)
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Middle Ages (4)
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Neoglacial
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Little Ice Age (1)
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Neolithic (2)
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upper Holocene
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Little Ice Age (1)
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Roman period (2)
-
-
-
lower Quaternary (1)
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Pleistocene
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Bishop Tuff (1)
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lower Pleistocene (7)
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middle Pleistocene (4)
-
upper Pleistocene
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Weichselian
-
upper Weichselian
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Allerod (1)
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Bolling (1)
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Younger Dryas (4)
-
-
-
-
-
upper Quaternary (20)
-
-
Siwalik System (35)
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Stone Age
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Mesolithic (1)
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Neolithic (2)
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Paleolithic
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Acheulian (1)
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lower Paleolithic (1)
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middle Paleolithic (2)
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upper Paleolithic (2)
-
-
-
Tertiary
-
Asmari Formation (1)
-
Catahoula Formation (1)
-
lower Tertiary (5)
-
middle Tertiary (4)
-
Neogene
-
Bidahochi Formation (1)
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Miocene
-
Columbia River Basalt Group (1)
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Fleming Formation (1)
-
lower Miocene
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Aquitanian (2)
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Burdigalian (1)
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Kasauli Series (2)
-
-
middle Miocene
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Langhian (1)
-
-
Surma Group (1)
-
upper Miocene
-
Chinji Formation (5)
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Messinian (1)
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Pontian (1)
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Tortonian (3)
-
-
-
Pliocene
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Cimmerian (2)
-
lower Pliocene (2)
-
upper Pliocene (4)
-
-
upper Neogene (2)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Barail Group (3)
-
Eocene
-
Annot Sandstone (1)
-
Ghazij Formation (1)
-
Green River Formation (1)
-
Lake Gosiute (1)
-
Lake Uinta (1)
-
lower Eocene
-
Wind River Formation (1)
-
Ypresian (5)
-
-
middle Eocene
-
Bartonian (1)
-
Claiborne Group (1)
-
Laney Shale Member (1)
-
Lutetian (2)
-
Tyee Formation (1)
-
-
Subathu Formation (7)
-
upper Eocene
-
Priabonian (2)
-
-
-
Flagstaff Formation (1)
-
Kenai Group (1)
-
lower Paleogene (4)
-
Oligocene
-
Fish Canyon Tuff (1)
-
lower Oligocene
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Rupelian (1)
-
-
upper Oligocene (6)
-
-
Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene
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Danian (2)
-
K-T boundary (2)
-
-
middle Paleocene
-
Selandian (2)
-
-
Nacimiento Formation (1)
-
upper Paleocene
-
Thanetian (1)
-
-
-
Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (2)
-
Sespe Formation (1)
-
Wilcox Group (2)
-
-
-
upper Cenozoic (13)
-
-
Dalradian (2)
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Comanchean
-
Travis Peak Formation (1)
-
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Albian
-
lower Albian (1)
-
Pinda Formation (1)
-
-
Aptian (3)
-
Bear River Formation (1)
-
Berriasian (4)
-
Hauterivian (1)
-
Travis Peak Formation (1)
-
Valanginian (1)
-
-
Middle Cretaceous
-
Winton Formation (1)
-
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Campanian (8)
-
Cenomanian
-
Dunvegan Formation (1)
-
-
Duwi Formation (1)
-
Frontier Formation (1)
-
Judith River Formation (1)
-
K-T boundary (2)
-
Lameta Formation (1)
-
Maestrichtian
-
upper Maestrichtian (1)
-
-
Mesaverde Group (1)
-
Santonian (1)
-
Senonian (7)
-
Straight Cliffs Formation (1)
-
Tuolumne Intrusive Suite (1)
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Turonian (2)
-
Two Medicine Formation (1)
-
-
-
Jurassic
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Lower Jurassic
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middle Liassic (2)
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Pliensbachian (2)
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Sinemurian (1)
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Toarcian (3)
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upper Liassic (3)
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-
Middle Jurassic
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Bajocian (1)
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Bathonian (1)
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Callovian (3)
-
-
Upper Jurassic
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Entrada Sandstone (1)
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Kimmeridgian (3)
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Oxfordian
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middle Oxfordian (1)
-
upper Oxfordian (1)
-
-
Portlandian (4)
-
Tithonian (7)
-
-
-
lower Mesozoic (3)
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Orocopia Schist (1)
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Triassic
-
Lower Triassic
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Griesbachian (1)
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Induan (1)
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (3)
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Scythian (1)
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Smithian (3)
-
Thaynes Formation (1)
-
-
Middle Triassic
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Anisian (2)
-
Ladinian (1)
-
-
Moenkopi Formation (1)
-
Upper Triassic
-
Chinle Formation (1)
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Dockum Group (1)
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Norian (1)
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Rhaetian (1)
-
-
-
upper Mesozoic (2)
-
Vaca Muerta Formation (1)
-
-
MIS 2 (1)
-
MIS 3 (2)
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MIS 5 (2)
-
Paleozoic
-
Cambrian
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Lower Cambrian
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Murphy Marble (1)
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Tommotian (2)
-
-
Middle Cambrian (1)
-
Upper Cambrian
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Furongian
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Jiangshanian (1)
-
-
-
-
Carboniferous
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Lower Carboniferous
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Dinantian (1)
-
-
Middle Carboniferous (1)
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Mississippian
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Lower Mississippian (1)
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Middle Mississippian
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Visean (1)
-
-
-
Pennsylvanian
-
Lower Pennsylvanian (1)
-
Middle Pennsylvanian
-
Allegheny Group (2)
-
-
Pottsville Group (1)
-
-
Tesnus Formation (1)
-
Upper Carboniferous (8)
-
-
Devonian
-
Lower Devonian
-
Oriskany Sandstone (1)
-
-
Middle Devonian
-
Eifelian (1)
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Givetian (1)
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Marcellus Shale (1)
-
-
Muth Quartzite (5)
-
Old Red Sandstone (1)
-
Upper Devonian
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Chemung Formation (1)
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Frasnian (1)
-
-
-
lower Paleozoic (22)
-
middle Paleozoic (1)
-
Ordovician
-
Antelope Valley Limestone (1)
-
Lower Ordovician
-
Ellenburger Group (1)
-
-
Middle Ordovician
-
Darriwilian (2)
-
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Katian (2)
-
-
-
Permian
-
Ecca Group (1)
-
Guadalupian
-
Delaware Mountain Group (1)
-
-
Lower Permian
-
Al Khlata Formation (1)
-
Cisuralian
-
Kungurian (1)
-
-
-
Middle Permian (4)
-
Upper Permian
-
Lopingian
-
Changhsingian (4)
-
Wuchiapingian (1)
-
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (3)
-
-
-
Silurian
-
Lower Silurian
-
Llandovery (2)
-
Wenlock (1)
-
-
Middle Silurian
-
Clinton Group (1)
-
-
Upper Silurian
-
Ludlow (1)
-
Pridoli (1)
-
-
-
upper Paleozoic
-
Garhwal Group (1)
-
-
-
Phanerozoic (6)
-
Precambrian
-
Archean
-
Eoarchean (2)
-
Mesoarchean (2)
-
Neoarchean
-
Dharwar Supergroup (1)
-
Sargur Group (1)
-
-
Paleoarchean (3)
-
-
Delhi Supergroup (2)
-
Hadean (1)
-
Kisseynew Complex (1)
-
Lewisian Complex (1)
-
Prince Albert Group (1)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Mahakoshal Group (1)
-
Proterozoic
-
Mesoproterozoic
-
Stenian (1)
-
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Blaini Formation (1)
-
Cryogenian (3)
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Ediacaran (8)
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Moine Supergroup (2)
-
Nantuo Formation (1)
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Tonian (2)
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Vendian (2)
-
Walden Creek Group (1)
-
-
Paleoproterozoic
-
Aphebian
-
Hurwitz Group (1)
-
-
Svecofennian (1)
-
-
Sinian
-
Nantuo Formation (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Rhenohercynian (2)
-
Saxothuringian (1)
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Vindhyan (1)
-
-
igneous rocks
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extrusive rocks (3)
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igneous rocks
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carbonatites (3)
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kimberlite (4)
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plutonic rocks
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anorthosite (1)
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diabase (3)
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diorites
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ferrodiorite (1)
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plagiogranite (1)
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quartz diorites (1)
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tonalite (5)
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trondhjemite (3)
-
-
gabbros
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norite (1)
-
-
granites
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alkali granites (1)
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aplite (2)
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A-type granites (7)
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biotite granite (2)
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granite porphyry (1)
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I-type granites (7)
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leucogranite (57)
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monzogranite (4)
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muscovite granite (1)
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rapakivi (1)
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S-type granites (14)
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two-mica granite (3)
-
-
granodiorites (14)
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lamprophyres (5)
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monzonites (2)
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pegmatite (24)
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quartz monzonite (2)
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syenites (2)
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ultramafics
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peridotites
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dunite (1)
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harzburgite (1)
-
-
pyroxenite (1)
-
-
-
porphyry (3)
-
volcanic rocks
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adakites (4)
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andesites
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andesite porphyry (1)
-
-
basalts
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flood basalts (3)
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mid-ocean ridge basalts (4)
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ocean-island basalts (4)
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shoshonite (1)
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tholeiitic basalt (3)
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trap rocks (1)
-
-
glasses
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obsidian (1)
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volcanic glass (2)
-
-
pyroclastics
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ignimbrite (4)
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tuff (5)
-
welded tuff (1)
-
-
rhyodacites (1)
-
rhyolites (9)
-
trachytes (2)
-
-
-
ophiolite (21)
-
volcanic ash (2)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metamorphic rocks
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amphibolites (20)
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cataclasites (1)
-
eclogite (26)
-
gneisses
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augen gneiss (10)
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banded gneiss (1)
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biotite gneiss (1)
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granite gneiss (5)
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metavolcanic rocks (4)
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minerals
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pyroxene group
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orthopyroxene
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wollastonite group
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framework silicates
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K-feldspar (8)
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scapolite group
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orthosilicates
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ring silicates
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Primary terms
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Mesozoic
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Lower Cretaceous
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Upper Cretaceous
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Dunvegan Formation (1)
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Duwi Formation (1)
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Judith River Formation (1)
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Maestrichtian
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upper Maestrichtian (1)
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Jurassic
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Middle Triassic
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Moenkopi Formation (1)
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Chinle Formation (1)
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upper Mesozoic (2)
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Vaca Muerta Formation (1)
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Rb-87/Sr-86 (5)
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (47)
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samarium
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Leg 117
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Paleozoic
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Carboniferous
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Upper Carboniferous (8)
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Devonian
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lower Paleozoic (22)
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Upper Ordovician
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Permian
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Lower Permian
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Middle Permian (4)
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Permian-Triassic boundary (3)
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Silurian
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Precambrian
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Proterozoic
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Paleoproterozoic
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United States
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GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Epoch and Age
Book Series
Date
Availability
western Nepal
Geometry, kinematics, and slip of the Talphi fault in the Western Nepal Fault System: Implications for strain partitioning during growth of a thrust wedge Available to Purchase
Dextral slip along the Western Nepal Fault System accommodates significant orogen-parallel shear Open Access
Coseismic Electromagnetic Signals as Pseudo-Seismograms for Mapping of Upper Crustal Seismic Velocity Structure: An Example from the Ganga Basin Using Magnetotelluric Time Series of the 3 November 2023 Western Nepal Earthquake Available to Purchase
Late Cenozoic Tectonic Evolution of the Western Nepal Himalaya: Insights from Low-Temperature Thermochronology Open Access
Constraining the evolution of shear zones in the Himalayan mid crust in Central–Western Nepal: implications for the tectonic evolution of the Himalayan metamorphic core Open Access
Bhumichula plateau: A remnant high-elevation low-relief surface in the Himalayan thrust belt of western Nepal Available to Purchase
Structural evolution, metamorphism and melting in the Greater Himalayan Sequence in central-western Nepal Available to Purchase
Abstract Joining geological mapping, structural analysis, petrology and geochronology allowed the internal architecture of the Greater Himalayan Sequence (GHS) to be unraveled. Several top-to-the-south/SW tectonic–metamorphic discontinuities developed at the regional scale, dividing it into three main units exhumed progressively from the upper to the lower one, starting from c. 40 Ma and lasting for several million years. The activity of shear zones has been constrained and linked to the pressure–temperature–time–deformation (P – T – t – D) evolution of the deformed rocks by the use of petrochronology. Hanging wall and footwall rocks of the shear zones recorded maximum P – T conditions at different times. Above the Main Central Thrust, a cryptic tectonometamorphic discontinuity (the High Himalayan Discontinuity (HHD)) has been recognized in Central-Eastern Himalaya. The older shear zone, that was active at c. 41–28 Ma, triggered the earlier exhumation of the uppermost GHS and allowed the migration of melt, which was produced at peak metamorphic conditions and subsequently produced in abundance at the time of the activation of the HHD. Production of melt continued at low pressure, with nearly isobaric heating leading to the genesis and emplacement of andalusite- and cordierite-bearing granites. The timing of the activation of the shear zones from deeper to upper structural levels fits with an in-sequence shearing tectonic model for the exhumation of the GHS, further affected by out-of-sequence thrusts.
Renewed late Miocene (<8 Ma) hinterland ductile thrusting, western Nepal Himalaya Available to Purchase
Reappraisal of emplacement models for Himalayan external crystalline nappes: The Jajarkot klippe, western Nepal Available to Purchase
Direct shear fabric dating constrains early Oligocene onset of the South Tibetan detachment in the western Nepal Himalaya Available to Purchase
Along-strike changes in Himalayan thrust geometry: Topographic and tectonic discontinuities in western Nepal Open Access
Engineering Geology and Stability of the Laprak Landslide, Gorkha District, Western Nepal Available to Purchase
Mapping Landslide Hazards in Western Nepal: Comparing Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches Available to Purchase
Forward modeling the kinematic sequence of the central Himalayan thrust belt, western Nepal Open Access
Tectonic evolution of the Himalayan thrust belt in western Nepal: Implications for channel flow models Available to Purchase
Evidence for Mio-Pliocene retrograde monazite in the Lesser Himalaya, far western Nepal Available to Purchase
Episodicity and Rates of Thrust-sheet Motion in the Himalayas (Western Nepal) Available to Purchase
ABSTRACT The kinematics and rates of displacement along single faults of the Outer Belt and through the entire thrust belt of the Himalayas of western Nepal have been estimated by structural field work, balanced cross sections, fluviatile terrace-deposit studies, and geodesy. GPS geodetic studies indicate that the shortening is 15 ± 2mm/yr and is perpendicular to the trend of the western Nepal Himalayas and compatible with elastic strain accumulation. This surface shortening would be induced by a 19 mm/yr slip rate, at depth, on the basal detachment beneath the Great Himalayas, whereas the detachment is locked beneath the Lesser Himalayas. In the outer zone, most of the displacement presumably occurs during major seismic events, and the 2.5- to 5-m thrust movements observed locally for imbricate fans branching off the major thrusts of the Sub-Himalayas could reflect surficial rupture during these events. During the Holocene, the Main FrontalThrust (MFT) has been active, but portions of the piggyback thrusts of the Outer Belt also show episodes of activity that vary from a few meters to several tens of meters of displacement. The ratio of MFT shortening to total Himalayan shortening varies laterally, from 1 to less than 0.5, and out-of-sequence thrusting occurs in the Sub-Himalayas and possibly in the Lesser Himalayas. This pattern of episodic out-of-sequence reactivation fits with the evolution of a brittle thrust wedge affected by sur-ficial mass transport and/or fluid pressure variation due to fault-valve behavior. The total shortening rate through the Himalayas of western Nepal following the Miocene is 19 mm/yr, with present-day, Holocene, and long-term shortening-rate uncertainties of 2, 6, and 5 mm/yr, respectively.
Kinematics and Sedimentary Balance of the Sub-Himalayan Zone, Western Nepal Available to Purchase
ABSTRACT The Sub-Himalayan Zone constitutes a tectonic wedge of synorogenic sediments along the southern edge of the Himalayan Belt. Sediments are incorporated into the prism from the foreland Indo-Gangetic plain, undergo a tectonic cycle within it, and eventually are eroded. The structural sketch map exhibits westward-plunging arcuate structures on the foremost location of the Outer Belt. Investigations from spatial imagery and digital elevation modeling (DEM), together with kinematic data, allow us to calculate velocities for the geomorphologic development. Four velocities rule the general evolution of the wedge. The foremost geomorphic structure (ridge) is the assemblage of elementary structures. The lateral ridge propagation velocity is estimated to be 40 cm/yr, which supports a general cylindrical development of the Outer Belt, in spite of the asymmetrical development of each independent elbow-shaped structure. The sediment’s burial history can be quantified from geometric and kinematic data. We emphasize that because of the cylindrical behavior of the prism, extrapolation of the sediment transfer to the entire western Nepal Siwalik is valid. Burial in the foreland basin takes two times longer than the entire tectonic cycle, which only lasts for about 6.5 m.y. Sediments reaching 6 x 10– 5 km 3 per year and per linear kilometer accrete along the Siwalik range. About 21% of the flowing material within the wedge is captured and withdrawn from it as subducted duplexes. Assuming a steady-state development of the wedge, and according to the Coulomb-wedge theory for the Siwalik, mean erosion rates are estimated to be about 1.9 mm/yr, which is in accord with previous estimates. We emphasize that this consistency supports the overall estimates for the general development of the wedge.