Abstract Environmental Mineralogy, as we have seen from earlier chapters, applies to all the systems operating at the surface of the Earth: the atmosphere, the hydrosphere, the lithosphere and the biosphere, as minerals are basic to the dynamic processes operating in each of these areas. Minerals are also essential to every living thing that inhabits the Earth’s surface. We humans depend on the environment not only for the space we occupy, but for all sustenance, and we are beginning to understand how far we have moved toward defining our own environment. The human “sphere”, analogous to the spheres listed above, is an “open” system in a geologic sense, both a filter and link that integrates the other spheres. All the contributions in this volume will ultimately impact the health and well-being of the world’s populations, our living standards, and each of us individually. The human body has its own suite of minerals. They can be thought of as the human subset of the minerals produced by living creatures. The minerals in humans are analogous to the calcium carbonates that form the shells of clams and oysters, or the silica phytoliths found in grasses ( Lowenstam & Weiner, 1989 ). Wherever the biological site, composition, or form, the mineral species are known collectively as biominerals and the study area generally called biomineralisation. Biominerals are mineral materials generated through biologic, and to be more precise, cellular, activity. Biominerals may be deposited within the creature, and within its immediate surroundings or environment, as a result of the metabolism of the living creature.