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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Africa
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Central Africa
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Angola (1)
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North Africa
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Egypt
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Eastern Desert (1)
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Morocco (1)
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Far East
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Pacific Ocean
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North Pacific
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Northwest Pacific
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South Pacific
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oxygen
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Invertebrata
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Tertiary
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upper Cenozoic (3)
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Yakataga Formation (1)
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Mesozoic
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Comanchean
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Lower Cretaceous
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Paleozoic
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Catskill Formation (1)
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upper Precambrian
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Primary terms
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Africa
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trishear
A kinematic trishear model to predict deformation bands in a fault-propagation fold, East Kaibab monocline, Utah
Abstract Trishear is a kinematic model of fault-propagation folding in which the decrease in displacement along the fault is accommodated by deformation in a triangular shear zone radiating from the tip line. This model has garnered increasing acceptance, particularly for cases where parallel kink-fold models do not work (e.g., footwall synclines, lateral and vertical changes in bedding thickness, and orientation). The articulation of the model in terms of velocity fields has enabled systematic explorations of the parameters controlling the trishear geometry; rapid, objective application of trishear to the simulation of real structures; and application of the model in three dimensions. The model has highlighted the importance of a parameter not unique to trishear, the propagation to slip ratio, which has a profound effect on fold geometry and is fundamental to understanding all types of fault-related folds. The drive to understand the significance of such parameters has instigated the application of several mechanical modeling strategies. Block-motion viscous, finite-element, and discrete-element analyses have all provided insight into trishearlike fault-propagation folds. Clearly, from these models, trishear most successfully simulates fold geometries where significant layered anisotropy is absent and the material is incompressible. Despite these modeling efforts, the significance of the trishear apical angle remains elusive. Trishear has been applied to a variety of real-world problems, including growth strata analysis, potential fracture distribution, paleoseismology, and even seismic hazard analysis.
True three-dimensional trishear: A kinematic model for strike-slip and oblique-slip deformation
Trishear Kinematic Modeling of Structures, with Examples from the Neuquén Basin, Argentina
ABSTRACT We have expanded previous trishear fault-propagation-fold forward models by allowing additional structural complexity in the form of multiple ramps and flats, variable propagation-to-slip ratio (P/S) and trishear angle, as well as multiple faults in a single section. The resulting forward models simulate characteristics of real structures very well. Our six-parameter grid search overcomes a longstanding obstacle to the application of trishear by providing a scientifically objective way of choosing the correct parameters to apply to real structures. By grid searching forward models with known initial parameters, we investigate the sensitivity of trishear to various parameters. These experiments highlight the importance of P/S in determining fold shape: A change in P/S of just 0.3 produces a change in fold shape that is equivalent to that produced by a 15-208 change in trishear angle. Application of the trishear model to contractional and extensional structures of the Neuquén Basin highlights its utility for predicting (1) strain and strain path, (2) fracture orientation and distribution, (3) fault-slip magnitude, and (4) fault nucleation point/děcollement depth. Our study of large basement-cored producing anticlines such as Filo Morado-Pampa Tril emphasizes an important point: Trishear and parallel kink-fold geometries can be compatible when applied at different scales. Trishear provides a bulk description of the deforming zone on the thickened, triangular eastern flank of the fold but makes no explicit prediction about how the strain is accommodated. In these structures, the strain is variably accommodated by tight folding, duplexing, and flow of evaporites and depends significantly on the thickness of the “competent” units in the section.