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toasted quartz
Origin of “toasted” quartz in terrestrial impact structures
Figure 2. Untoasted margin (U) of toasted quartz clast (T) adjacent to impa...
Deformational features and impact-generated breccia from the Sierra Madera impact structure, west Texas
Figure 1. A: Polished slab of impact melt rock from Popigai containing high...
Figure 2. Shocked quartz grains investigated in thin sections. A–B: Quartz ...
Figure 2. Shocked quartz grains investigated in thin sections. A–B: Quartz ...
Figure 2. Shocked quartz grains investigated in thin sections. A–B: Quartz ...
Figure 2. Shocked quartz grains investigated in thin sections. A–B: Quartz ...
Figure 4. Bright-field transmission electron microscope images of toasted q...
Photomicrographs of sandstone deformation in the Sierra Madera impact struc...
Thin section photomicrographs (in cross-polarized light) of shocked quartz ...
The study of α-quartz and α-cristobalite ballen in rocks from 16 impact structures (Bosumtwi, Chesapeake Bay, Chicxulub, Dellen, El'gygytgyn, Jänisjärvi, Lappajärvi, Logoisk, Mien, Popigai, Puchezh-Katunki, Ries, Rochechouart, Sääksjärvi, Ternovka, and Wanapitei) shows that ballen silica occurs mainly in impact melt rock and also in suevite, and more rarely in other types of impactites. Ballen α-cristobalite by itself was observed only in samples from the youngest craters studied here (at Bosumtwi and El'gygytgyn), but it occurs in association with α-quartz ballen in impactites from structures with intermediate ages (from ca. 35 to 120 Ma); thus, our observations suggest that α-cristobalite ballen are back-transformed to α-quartz with time. Transmission electron microscope observations show that α-cristobalite and α-quartz ballen have similar microtextures and are formed of several tiny angular crystals with sizes up to ~6 μm. The observation of toasted α-quartz ballen, notably at the Popigai impact structure, further supports the notion that toasting is due to vesicle formation after pressure release, at high post-shock temperatures, and, thus, represents the beginning of quartz breakdown due to heating. Our investigation increases the number of impact structures at which ballen silica has been found to 35.