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Journal Article

First terrestrial occurrence of tistarite (Ti 2 O 3 ): Ultra-low oxygen fugacity in the upper mantle beneath Mount Carmel, Israel Available to Purchase

W.L. Griffin, S.E.M. Gain, D.T. Adams, J-X. Huang, M. Saunders, V. Toledo, N.J. Pearson, S.Y. O’Reilly
Journal: Geology
Published: 01 October 2016
Geology (2016) 44 (10): 815–818.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/G37910.1
... of melt trapped in aggregates of corundum crystals ejected from Cretaceous volcanoes in northern Israel which contain high-temperature mineral assemblages requiring extremely low f O 2 (IW < −10). One abundant phase is tistarite (Ti 2 O 3 ), previously known as a single grain in the Allende...
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View PDF for article title, First terrestrial occurrence of <span class="search-highlight">tistarite</span> (Ti 2 O 3 ): Ultra-low oxygen fugacity in the upper mantle beneath Mount Carmel, Israel
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Journal Article

Tistarite, Ti 2 O 3 , a new refractory mineral from the Allende meteorite Available to Purchase

Chi Ma, George R. Rossman
Published: 01 May 2009
American Mineralogist (2009) 94 (5-6): 841–844.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2138/am.2009.3203
...Chi Ma; George R. Rossman Abstract Tistarite, ideally Ti 2 O 3 , is a new member of the corundum-hematite group. It is found as one subhedral crystal in a cluster of micrometer-sized refractory grains along with khamrabaevite (TiC), rutile, and corundum crystals within a chondrule from the Allende...
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View PDF for article title, <span class="search-highlight">Tistarite</span>, Ti 2 O 3 , a new refractory mineral from the Allende meteorite
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Enlarged back-scattered electron image showing one tistarite (Ti2O3) grain along with khamrabaevite (TiC) and corundum. The cross marks where the electron back-scattered diffraction pattern (shown in Fig. 4) was collected.

Enlarged back-scattered electron image showing one tistarite (Ti 2 O 3 ) gr... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 May 2009
F igure 2. Enlarged back-scattered electron image showing one tistarite (Ti 2 O 3 ) grain along with khamrabaevite (TiC) and corundum. The cross marks where the electron back-scattered diffraction pattern (shown in Fig. 4 ) was collected.
Image
Nano-inclusions in this Allende tistarite grain.

Nano-inclusions in this Allende tistarite grain. Available to Purchase

Published: 01 May 2009
F igure 3. Nano-inclusions in this Allende tistarite grain.
Image
Raman spectra of Allende tistarite and synthetic Ti2O3.

Raman spectra of Allende tistarite and synthetic Ti 2 O 3 . Available to Purchase

Published: 01 May 2009
F igure 5. Raman spectra of Allende tistarite and synthetic Ti 2 O 3 .
Journal Article

Jianmuite, ZrTi 4 + Ti 5 3 + Al 3 O 16 , a new mineral from the Allende meteorite and from chromitite near Kangjinla, Tibet, China Available to Purchase

Roberto Borriello, Fahui Xiong, Chi Ma, Sofia Lorenzon, Enrico Mugnaioli, Jingsui Yang, Xiangzhen Xu, Edward S. Grew
Published: 01 April 2025
American Mineralogist (2025) 110 (4): 630–642.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2024-9362
..., mullite, Al 6 Si 2 O 13 , tistarite, Ti 2 O 3 , and kaitianite, Ti 2 3 + Ti 4 + O 5 , in the matrix of the CV3 carbonaceous chondrite Allende (second cotype). Eight energy-dispersive spectroscopic analyses of the holotype normalized to 100% gave SiO 2 1.83, ZrO 2 23.17, Al 2 O 3 18.41, Ti 2 O 3 54.32, Sc...
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View PDF for article title, Jianmuite, ZrTi 4 + Ti 5 3 + Al 3 O 16 , a new mineral from the Allende meteorite and from chromitite near Kangjinla, Tibet, China
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Journal Article

Immiscible metallic melts in the upper mantle beneath Mount Carmel, Israel: Silicides, phosphides, and carbides Available to Purchase

William L. Griffin, Sarah E.M. Gain, Martin J. Saunders, Jin-Xiang Huang, Olivier Alard, Vered Toledo, Suzanne Y. O'Reilly
Published: 01 March 2022
American Mineralogist (2022) 107 (3): 532–549.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2021-7934
... 2 O 3 (tistarite), Fe-Ti-Zr silicides/phosphides] indicative of magmatic temperatures and oxygen fugacity ( f O 2 ) at least 6 log units below the iron-wüstite buffer (ΔIW ≤ –6). Microstructural evidence indicates that immiscible, carbon-rich metallic (Fe-Ti-Zr-Si-P) melts separated during...
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View PDF for article title, Immiscible metallic melts in the upper mantle beneath Mount Carmel, Israel: Silicides, phosphides, and carbides
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FE-SEM image of sphere of native Fe0, rimmed by TiAl2O5, in a Ca-Al-Si oxide glass that has crystallized tistarite (Ti2O3). The tiny bright needles are a Ti-Zr oxide phase. The microstructures suggest that the Fe0 melt was immiscible in the Ca-Al-Si oxide melt, but in equilibrium with TiAl2O5 that was crystallizing from the oxide melt.

FE-SEM image of sphere of native Fe 0 , rimmed by TiAl 2 O 5 , in a Ca-Al-S... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 March 2022
Figure 2. FE-SEM image of sphere of native Fe 0 , rimmed by TiAl 2 O 5 , in a Ca-Al-Si oxide glass that has crystallized tistarite (Ti 2 O 3 ). The tiny bright needles are a Ti-Zr oxide phase. The microstructures suggest that the Fe 0 melt was immiscible in the Ca-Al-Si oxide melt
Image
Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy–scanning electron microscopy composite element map of type S melt pocket in corundum matrix from Mount Carmel, Israel, showing tistarite (Ti2O3), some rimmed by Ti-Zr-Al oxide, and crystal of Mg-spinel in matrix of Ca-Al-Si glass (Table 1). Note combination of straight and lobate boundaries to melt pocket, defined by crystal faces of adjacent corundum (Al2O3) crystals.

Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy–scanning electron microscopy composite... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 October 2016
Figure 2. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy–scanning electron microscopy composite element map of type S melt pocket in corundum matrix from Mount Carmel, Israel, showing tistarite (Ti 2 O 3 ), some rimmed by Ti-Zr-Al oxide, and crystal of Mg-spinel in matrix of Ca-Al-Si glass ( Table 1
Image
BSE images of TiB2 included in spinel. (a) Type S melt pocket with large spinel grain with oriented Ti-rich needles in core, and large inclusion of TiB2. Spinel rim overgrows abundant tistarite. Quench crystals of dmisteinbergite (a polymorph of anorthite) in a matrix of silicate glass reflect the Ca-Al rich nature of the silicate melt. (b) Close-up showing lamellar crystal of TiB2 in spinel with unidentified Ti-rich needles. Light bands in the TiB2 are a Ti-nitride phase. (Color online.)

BSE images of TiB 2 included in spinel. ( a ) Type S melt pocket with larg... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 November 2020
Figure 8. BSE images of TiB 2 included in spinel. ( a ) Type S melt pocket with large spinel grain with oriented Ti-rich needles in core, and large inclusion of TiB 2 . Spinel rim overgrows abundant tistarite. Quench crystals of dmisteinbergite (a polymorph of anorthite) in a matrix of silicate
Image
Morphology of osbornite found in Israel. (a, b) Osbornite in phosphide-bearing breccia of the Hatrurim Complex: (a) xenomorphic grain with rutile rim; and (b) crystal with morphological elements of skeletal growth. (c, d) Skeletal crystals in sapphire from Carmel confined to glass inclusions and associated with carmeltazite and Ti3+-bearing oxides: (c) typical rounded surfaces of skeletal crystals formed from the melt; and (d) emulsion of osbornite near its skeletal crystals. Brg = barringerite, Cal = calcite, Crn = corundum, Ctz = carmeltazite, Fe = native iron, Gls = glass, Hgr = hydrogrossular, Obn = osbornite, Ssi = sassite-like mineral and Tta = tistarite.

Morphology of osbornite found in Israel. (a, b) Osbornite in phosphide-bear... Available to Purchase

Published: 19 April 2023
 = hydrogrossular, Obn = osbornite, Ssi = sassite-like mineral and Tta = tistarite.
Journal Article

Parageneses of TiB 2 in corundum xenoliths from Mt. Carmel, Israel: Siderophile behavior of boron under reducing conditions Available to Purchase

William L. Griffin, Sarah E.M. Gain, Martin Saunders, Luca Bindi, Olivier Alard, Vered Toledo, Suzanne Y. O'Reilly
Published: 01 November 2020
American Mineralogist (2020) 105 (11): 1609–1621.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2020-7375
...Figure 8. BSE images of TiB 2 included in spinel. ( a ) Type S melt pocket with large spinel grain with oriented Ti-rich needles in core, and large inclusion of TiB 2 . Spinel rim overgrows abundant tistarite. Quench crystals of dmisteinbergite (a polymorph of anorthite) in a matrix of silicate...
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View PDF for article title, Parageneses of TiB 2 in corundum xenoliths from Mt. Carmel, Israel: Siderophile behavior of boron under reducing conditions
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Ti-mineral inclusions in glass of ‘white breccia’. (a) Reflected light and (b) BSE images; the fragment magnified in (c) is shown in the frame. (c) Sassite-like mineral, carmeltazite and spinel intergrowth, fragment magnified in (d) is shown in the frame. (d) Glass with striated surface, which appears as a result of re-polishing of the mount with ‘white breccia’ to a depth of ~0.5 mm. At this depth, the mount sample had only been lightly impregnated with epoxy and so numerous microscopic corundum grains were plucked out and striated the surface of the minerals. Coloured spots show locations of EDS spectra measurement given in (f). (e) Raman spectra of glass with graphite-like phase, inset optical image with white spot shows the place of Raman analysis. (f) EDS spectra of glass (yellow) and spinel (pink). Crn = corundum, Ctz = carmeltazite, Dsb = dmisteinbergite, Gls = glass, Obn = osbornite, Sp = spinel and Tta = tistarite.

Ti-mineral inclusions in glass of ‘white breccia’. (a) Reflected light and ... Available to Purchase

Published: 19 April 2023
 = osbornite, Sp = spinel and Tta = tistarite.
Image
BSE images of TiB2 associated with Fe-Ti-silicide melts. (a) Crystal of TiB2 with inclusions of TiN and FeTiSi. Associated phases, crystallized from the silicate melt, are tistarite and carmeltazite. (b) Euhedral crystal of TiB2 is rimmed by TiFe2(Si,P) and Ti(N,O), separated from the host corundum by a high-K glass. (c) Euhedral crystal of TiB2 enclosed in a complex silicide (Fe,Mn,Ti,Cr)3Si, which is surrounded by a large blob of Ti(N,O) that is also in contact with a ball of (Fe,Ti)2Si. The wavy contacts between the silicides and the nitride, and between the nitride and the silicate melt or the host corundum, suggest that the silicides and the nitride were trapped as melts between growing corundum crystals. The bright phases at top are (Zr,Ti)2O3, in a silicate glass.

BSE images of TiB 2 associated with Fe-Ti-silicide melts. ( a ) Crystal of... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 November 2020
Figure 3. BSE images of TiB 2 associated with Fe-Ti-silicide melts. ( a ) Crystal of TiB 2 with inclusions of TiN and FeTiSi. Associated phases, crystallized from the silicate melt, are tistarite and carmeltazite. ( b ) Euhedral crystal of TiB 2 is rimmed by TiFe 2 (Si,P) and Ti(N,O
Journal Article

Super-reduced mineral assemblages in “ophiolitic” chromitites and peridotites: the view from Mount Carmel Free

Qing Xiong, William L. Griffin, Jin-Xiang Huang, Sarah E.M. Gain, Vered Toledo, Norman J. Pearson, Suzanne Y. O’reilly
Published: 01 August 2017
European Journal of Mineralogy (2017) 29 (4): 557–570.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1127/ejm/2017/0029-2646
... of tistarite (Ti 2 O 3 ) and a suite of native metals, carbides, nitrides, silicides and amorphous carbon (Tables S1, S2), has been found in corundum xenocrysts ejected from Cretaceous volcanoes in Mount Carmel, northern Israel ( Griffin et al ., 2016b ). These SuR assemblages show clear similarities...
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Journal Article

New Mineral Names: High-Pressure and Precious Minerals Free

Aaron J. Celestian
Published: 01 April 2022
American Mineralogist (2022) 107 (4): 778–780.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2022-NMN107411
... from this mythological story. Kaitianite was found as a 2 μm sized mineral grain in the Allende CV3 chondrite (USNM 35105) within a grain of tistarite (Ti 2 O 3 ). Incredibly, there have been 19 new approved minerals found in this one meteorite since 2007. The authors describe the formation...
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Journal Article

Discussion of the paper by Galuskin and Galuskina (2003), “Evidence of the anthropogenic origin of the ‘Carmel sapphire’ with enigmatic super-reduced minerals” Available to Purchase

William L. Griffin, Vered Toledo, Suzanne Y. O'Reilly
Published: 24 May 2023
Mineralogical Magazine (2023) 87 (4): 631–634.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1180/mgm.2023.36
... V. , Pearson N.J. and O'Reilly S.Y. ( 2016 ) First terrestrial occurrence of tistarite (Ti 2 O 3 ): Ultra-low oxygen fugacity in the upper mantle beneath Mount...
View PDF for article title, Discussion of the paper by Galuskin and Galuskina (2003), “Evidence of the anthropogenic origin of the ‘Carmel sapphire’ with enigmatic super-reduced minerals”
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Journal Article

An evolutionary system of mineralogy. Part II: Interstellar and solar nebula primary condensation mineralogy (>4.565 Ga) Available to Purchase

Shaunna M. Morrison, Robert M. Hazen
Published: 01 October 2020
American Mineralogist (2020) 105 (10): 1508–1535.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2020-7447
... to subsequent reactions with nebular vapor to hibonite, spinel, or melilite. Additional phases, though less common, include the oxides grossite, krotite, panguite, and tistarite; the calcium-titanium silicate rhönite; and alloys of Fe-Ni and platinum group elements (see Table 3 ). Table 3. Properties...
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View PDF for article title, An evolutionary system of mineralogy. Part II: Interstellar and solar nebula primary condensation mineralogy (&gt;4.565 Ga)
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Journal Article

Evidence of the anthropogenic origin of the ‘Carmel sapphire’ with enigmatic super-reduced minerals Available to Purchase

Evgeny Galuskin, Irina Galuskina
Published: 19 April 2023
Mineralogical Magazine (2023) 87 (4): 619–630.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1180/mgm.2023.25
... = hydrogrossular, Obn = osbornite, Ssi = sassite-like mineral and Tta = tistarite. ...
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Journal Article

Hutcheonite, Ca 3 Ti 2 (SiAl 2 )O 12 , a new garnet mineral from the Allende meteorite: An alteration phase in a Ca-Al-rich inclusion Available to Purchase

Chi Ma, Alexander N. Krot
Published: 01 April 2014
American Mineralogist (2014) 99 (4): 667–670.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2138/am.2014.4761
... ), tistarite Ti 2 O 3 ( Ma and Rossman 2009a ), rutile TiO 2 ( Ma et al. 2009 ), davisite Ca(Sc,Ti,Mg)AlSiO 6 ( Ma and Rossman 2009b ), grossmanite CaTiAlSiO 6 ( Ma and Rossman 2009c ), panguite (Ti,Sc,Al,Mg,Zr,Ca,□) 2 O 3 ( Ma et al. 2012 ), kangite (Sc,Ti,Al,Zr,Mg,Ca,□) 2 O 3 ( Ma et al. 2013...
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View PDF for article title, Hutcheonite, Ca 3 Ti 2 (SiAl 2 )O 12 , a new garnet mineral from the Allende meteorite: An alteration phase in a Ca-Al-rich inclusion
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