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Journal Article

Experiences with distributed acoustic sensing using both straight and helically wound fibers in surface-deployed cables — A case history in Groningen, The Netherlands

Musab Al Hasani, Guy Drijkoningen
Journal: Geophysics
Published: 30 October 2023
Geophysics (2023) 88 (6): B369–B380.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1190/geo2022-0769.1
... to see whether reflections could be recorded on surface-deployed fiber-optic cables and to see whether a combination of HWF and SF measurements would provide extra information, such as type of motion and type of waves. The field experiment took place on farmland in the province of Groningen, in the north...
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View PDF for article title, Experiences with distributed acoustic sensing using both straight and helically wound fibers in <span class="search-highlight">surface</span>-<span class="search-highlight">deployed</span> <span class="search-highlight">cables</span> — A case history in Groningen, The Netherlands
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Image
Cable plowing machines deploying continuous cables in shallow trenches as a method of automated placement of DAS seismic cables for surface seismic. (a) A cable spool is carried in front, and (b) a blade at the back splits the ground while the cable is placed at depth by feeding it down a chute located on the back of the blade.

Cable plowing machines deploying continuous cables in shallow trenches as a...

Published: 01 November 2020
Figure 11. Cable plowing machines deploying continuous cables in shallow trenches as a method of automated placement of DAS seismic cables for surface seismic. (a) A cable spool is carried in front, and (b) a blade at the back splits the ground while the cable is placed at depth by feeding
Journal Article

Comparison of geophone and surface-deployed distributed acoustic sensing seismic data

Kyle T. Spikes, Nicola Tisato, Thomas E. Hess, John W. Holt
Journal: Geophysics
Published: 13 February 2019
Geophysics (2019) 84 (2): A25–A29.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1190/geo2018-0528.1
... by deploying the cables on the surface. Potential applications for this technology include rapid deployment of active and/or passive arrays for near-surface geophysical characterization for various applications at different scales. 2019 Society of Exploration Geophysicists Data displayed are shot...
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View PDF for article title, Comparison of geophone and <span class="search-highlight">surface</span>-<span class="search-highlight">deployed</span> distributed acoustic sensing seismic data
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Diagram of the WATS geometry used at Mad Dog. The two shooting vessels on the left were dual sources. The colored lines behind the third vessel are the cables. Each color is another pass of the cable spread. Eight cables spaced at 125 m were deployed, so the four passes represented here have a 4-km surface coverage.

Diagram of the WATS geometry used at Mad Dog. The two shooting vessels on t...

Published: 01 April 2007
Figure 10. Diagram of the WATS geometry used at Mad Dog. The two shooting vessels on the left were dual sources. The colored lines behind the third vessel are the cables. Each color is another pass of the cable spread. Eight cables spaced at 125 m were deployed, so the four passes represented
Image
A conceptual lunar fiber seismic network (background lunar surface image from National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NASA]). The base station provides space and power for the distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) interrogator, data processing unit, and telecommunicating system. The cables (yellow belt) can be deployed by a lunar rover. DAS uses the Rayleigh backscattered light by intrinsic fiber defects (red dots in the enlarged cable section) to detect the longitudinal strain. The color version of this figure is available only in the electronic edition.

A conceptual lunar fiber seismic network (background lunar surface image fr...

Published: 28 February 2024
. The cables (yellow belt) can be deployed by a lunar rover. DAS uses the Rayleigh backscattered light by intrinsic fiber defects (red dots in the enlarged cable section) to detect the longitudinal strain. The color version of this figure is available only in the electronic edition.
Journal Article

An Experimental Investigation of Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) on Lake Ice

Ethan Castongia, Herb F. Wang, Neal Lord, Dante Fratta, Michael Mondanos, Athena Chalari
Published: 01 June 2017
Journal of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics (2017) 22 (2): 167–176.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2113/JEEG22.2.167
...Ethan Castongia; Herb F. Wang; Neal Lord; Dante Fratta; Michael Mondanos; Athena Chalari ABSTRACT A vibration-sensitive, Distributed Acoustic Sensor (DAS) array, using fiber-optic cables, was deployed in a triangularly shaped geometry on the frozen surface of Lake Mendota in Madison, Wisconsin, USA...
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(a) Map of geothermal surface features at Brady Hot Springs geothermal field, from Coolbaugh et al. (2004), with 10 m elevation contour intervals. Elevations are meters above the WGS84 ellipsoid. The box corresponds to the target region, the densest part of the nodal seismometer array. (b) Map of instrument array and vibrator locations, with 10 m elevation contour intervals. Elevations are meters above the WGS84 ellipsoid. The white box corresponds to the target region, the densest part of the nodal seismometer array. DASH is the horizontally deployed distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) cable (wide line segments) and DASV is the location of the vertically deployed DAS cable, that is, in a borehole (circle). The color version of this figure is available only in the electronic edition.

(a) Map of geothermal surface features at Brady Hot Springs geothermal fiel...

Published: 08 August 2018
sensing (DAS) cable (wide line segments) and DASV is the location of the vertically deployed DAS cable, that is, in a borehole (circle). The color version of this figure is available only in the electronic edition.
Journal Article

Developing a distributed acoustic sensing seismic land streamer: Concept and validation

Adesh Pandey, Jeffrey Shragge, Derrick Chambers, Aaron J. Girard
Journal: Geophysics
Published: 04 September 2023
Geophysics (2023) 88 (6): WC59–WC67.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1190/geo2023-0072.1
... interrogator unit (IU), a fiber-optic cable attached beneath a fire-hose assembly for environmental isolation and improved fiber-ground coupling, and a vehicle-mounted accelerated weight-drop source. The DAS land streamer is easily deployed and towed along the ground surface, allowing for spatially dense data...
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Journal Article

Toward improved distributed acoustic sensing sensitivity for surface-based reflection seismics: Configuration tests at the Aquistore CO 2 storage site

Don White, Gilles Bellefleur, Kevin Dodds, Zeinab Movahedzadeh
Journal: Geophysics
Published: 24 January 2022
Geophysics (2022) 87 (2): P1–P14.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1190/geo2021-0120.1
...Don White; Gilles Bellefleur; Kevin Dodds; Zeinab Movahedzadeh ABSTRACT Alternative fiber configurations have been tested in an attempt to improve the sensitivity of surface-deployed distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) fiber cables for the purpose of recording steep-angle P-wave reflections. Four...
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View PDF for article title, Toward improved distributed acoustic sensing sensitivity for <span class="search-highlight">surface</span>-based reflection seismics: Configuration tests at the Aquistore CO 2 storage site
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Schematic view of the surface DAS fiber cable layout with highlighted key acquisition components part of the Greenfield acquisition program: (a) Hammer shots were used to map the corners of the experiment grid as coordinate reference for geometry assignment validation; (b) 90° intersections of the fiber cable allows directivity analysis (see Figure 6) creating a grid of pseudo 2C-DAS stations; (c) cable has been trenched 30 cm in the ground (see the vertical profile in Figure 3); (d) 150 multicomponent sensors spaced every 3 m were deployed parallelly to an elongated segment of the fiber; on the same location where a 2D profile of ERT was acquired for lithologic calibration; (e) 3500 m of cable were trenched; (f) two fibers inside the cable were connected (splicing) at the end of the fiber, doubling the total record length of the experiment (see Figure 4); (g) the hDVS interrogator was connected to the fiber and to a 260 Tb storage; and (h) 180,000 pounds vibrator shooting in single sweep mode, the location of the shot shown in yellow, in Figure 4).

Schematic view of the surface DAS fiber cable layout with highlighted key a...

Published: 05 January 2024
Figure 2. Schematic view of the surface DAS fiber cable layout with highlighted key acquisition components part of the Greenfield acquisition program: (a) Hammer shots were used to map the corners of the experiment grid as coordinate reference for geometry assignment validation; (b) 90
Book Chapter

Overview of distributed acoustic sensing technology

Author(s)
Mark E. Willis
Book: Distributed Acoustic Sensing for Seismic Measurements – What Geophysicists and Engineers Need to Know
Series: Society of Exploration Geophysicists Distinguished Instructor Series
Publisher: Society of Exploration Geophysicists
Published: 06 September 2022
DOI: 10.1190/1.9781560803850.ch2
EISBN: 9781560803850
.... Or alternatively, the cable can be lowered into a borehole. When the cable is deployed on the surface, it is difficult to achieve good coupling because the cable is not very heavy. Figure 2.8a shows a fiber optic cable laying on a grassy field where it is held off the ground by grass and twigs. One fairly...
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(A) captures West Seminole San Andres unit boundary (magenta) with surface seismometer stations (black diamonds), downhole fiber optic cable (708), step rate test well 707RW, and three small string-shot charges were fired in well 606 approximately 1000 ft (305 m) southwest of the monitor well (708) at a measured depth of 4990 ft (1521 m). All string shots were detected on the fiber optic cable. (B) Trillium compact seismometer (left photograph) deployed in the field (right photograph) with power, recording, and data transmission equipment in place (center photograph). Photographs courtesy of Nanometrics.

(A) captures West Seminole San Andres unit boundary (magenta) with surface ...

Published: 01 September 2022
Figure 10. (A) captures West Seminole San Andres unit boundary (magenta) with surface seismometer stations (black diamonds), downhole fiber optic cable (708), step rate test well 707RW, and three small string-shot charges were fired in well 606 approximately 1000 ft (305 m) southwest
Journal Article

Seismic Magnitude Estimation Using Low‐Frequency Strain Amplitudes Recorded by DAS Arrays at Far‐Field Distances

Avinash Nayak, Julia Correa, Jonathan Ajo‐Franklin
Published: 25 April 2024
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2024) 114 (4): 1818–1838.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0120230318
...Avinash Nayak; Julia Correa; Jonathan Ajo‐Franklin ABSTRACT Downhole distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) data are now routinely acquired on fiber‐optic cables deployed in wells for seismic imaging and microseismic monitoring. We develop a semiempirical workflow for estimating scalar seismic moment...
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View PDF for article title, Seismic Magnitude Estimation Using Low‐Frequency Strain Amplitudes Recorded by DAS Arrays at Far‐Field Distances
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Migrated images of DAS and vertical-component geophone data. VSP data (grayscale) inset on migrated section of surface data (colored). From Harris et al. (2016). DAS cable extends from 0–2800 m depth whereas 57 geophones were deployed over a depth range of 1650–2650 m.

Migrated images of DAS and vertical-component geophone data. VSP data (gray...

Published: 01 June 2021
Figure 5. Migrated images of DAS and vertical-component geophone data. VSP data (grayscale) inset on migrated section of surface data (colored). From Harris et al. (2016) . DAS cable extends from 0–2800 m depth whereas 57 geophones were deployed over a depth range of 1650–2650 m.
Journal Article

Comparison of straight and helical fibers for time-lapse elastic FWI of synthetic seafloor DAS data

Shogo Masaya, Masanori Tani, Yanhua Liu, Ilya Tsvankin
Journal: The Leading Edge
Published: 01 November 2024
The Leading Edge (2024) 43 (11): 757–764.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1190/tle43110757.1
... measurements with surface-deployed fiber cables (e.g., Hornman et al., 2013 ; Bakulin et al., 2022 ; Hasani and Drijkoningen, 2023 ), including existing fiber cables used for telecommunication (e.g., Ajo-Franklin et al., 2019 ; Zhan et al., 2021 ). Several studies have also discussed the results of active...
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View PDF for article title, Comparison of straight and helical fibers for time-lapse elastic FWI of synthetic seafloor DAS data
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Journal Article

Innovative seismic imaging of volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits, Neves-Corvo, Portugal — Part 1: In-mine array

Bojan Brodic, Alireza Malehmir, Nelson Pacheco, Christopher Juhlin, Joao Carvalho, Lars Dynesius, Jens van den Berg, Richard de Kunder, George Donoso, Tord Sjölund, Vitor Araujo
Journal: Geophysics
Published: 21 April 2021
Geophysics (2021) 86 (3): B165–B179.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1190/geo2020-0565.1
... profiles, two perpendicular surface seismic profiles were deployed above the exploration tunnels. The survey was possible due to a newly developed prototype global positioning system (GPS) time transmitter enabling accurate GPS synchronization of cabled and nodal seismic recorders, below and on the surface...
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View PDF for article title, Innovative seismic imaging of volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits, Neves-Corvo, Portugal — Part 1: In-mine array
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Fiber response to a local blasting source. We have dedicated approximately 150 m of fiber within our deployment to be deployed using three methods: placed on the surface, directly buried, and coupled with sandbags every 5 m. We compare the DAS strain response by choosing representative channels within these different deployments and calculating the spectrograms. We find that the response characteristics (amplitude and frequency) vary significantly depending on the cable deployment technique used.

Fiber response to a local blasting source. We have dedicated approximately ...

Published: 01 November 2023
Figure 10. Fiber response to a local blasting source. We have dedicated approximately 150 m of fiber within our deployment to be deployed using three methods: placed on the surface, directly buried, and coupled with sandbags every 5 m. We compare the DAS strain response by choosing representative
Journal Article

Acquiring and processing deep dual-well DAS walkaway VSP in an onshore desert environment

Ali Aldawood, Ali Shaiban, Ezzedeen Alfataierge, Andrey Bakulin
Journal: The Leading Edge
Published: 01 October 2023
The Leading Edge (2023) 42 (10): 676–682.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1190/tle42100676.1
...-fiber interrogator enabled efficient recording of high-channel-count walkaway VSP that was suitable for robust velocity model building and imaging. A good signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) was achieved due to three main factors. First, the fiber cable that was deployed outside the tubing provided good...
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Journal Article

Nodal and Broadband Seismometer Complement to the Imperial Valley Dark Fiber DAS Array

Avinash Nayak, Verónica Rodríguez Tribaldos, Jonathan Ajo‐Franklin, Brianna Miranda, Chih‐Chieh Chien, Robert Mellors, Michelle Robertson, Matthew Brandin, John Rekoske, Todd Wood, Patrick Dobson, Trenton Cladouhos, Nicholas Madera, Eitan Shmagin, Emily Duran, Suzie Duran, The Imperial Valley Dark Fiber Team
Published: 28 September 2023
Seismological Research Letters (2023) 94 (6): 2852–2867.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0220230081
... Fiber Team Abstract Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) technology provides the capability to efficiently acquire dense and continuous seismic data on preexisting, unused fiber‐optic cables buried in the ground (dark fiber) that were originally deployed for telecommunication. However, these fiber...
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View PDF for article title, Nodal and Broadband Seismometer Complement to the Imperial Valley Dark Fiber DAS Array
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Journal Article

Detection of a Space Capsule Entering Earth’s Atmosphere with Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS)

Chris G. Carr, Carly M. Donahue, Loïc Viens, Luke B. Beardslee, Elisa A. McGhee, Lisa R. Danielson
Published: 20 February 2025
Seismological Research Letters (2025)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0220240394
... sensing (DAS) interrogators to sample over 12 km of surface‐draped fiber‐optic cables, as well as six collocated seismometer‐infrasound sensor pairs, spread across two sites near Eureka, Nevada. This campaign‐style rapid deployment is the first reported recording of an SRC re‐entry with any distributed...
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Early Publication
Includes: Supplemental Content