Update search
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
NARROW
Format
Article Type
Journal
Publisher
Section
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
-
East Africa
-
Ethiopia (1)
-
Lake Malawi (1)
-
-
East African Lakes
-
Lake Malawi (1)
-
-
North Africa
-
Atlas Mountains
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Anti-Atlas (1)
-
-
-
Morocco
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Anti-Atlas (1)
-
-
-
-
Southern Africa
-
South Africa
-
Bushveld Complex (1)
-
-
-
West Africa (1)
-
West African Craton (1)
-
-
Altiplano (9)
-
Antarctica
-
Antarctic Peninsula (1)
-
Transantarctic Mountains (2)
-
Victoria Land (1)
-
-
Arctic Ocean
-
Alpha Cordillera (1)
-
-
Arctic region
-
Greenland
-
Greenland ice sheet (1)
-
Northern Greenland (1)
-
-
-
Asia
-
Altai-Sayan region (1)
-
Buryat Russian Federation (1)
-
Far East
-
China
-
Guangdong China (1)
-
Hainan China (1)
-
Hong Kong (2)
-
Hunan China (1)
-
Kunlun Mountains (1)
-
Qilian Mountains (1)
-
Sichuan China (1)
-
South China Block (3)
-
Xinjiang China
-
Junggar (1)
-
-
Xizang China
-
Gangdese Belt (1)
-
Lhasa Block (1)
-
-
Yangtze Platform (1)
-
-
Indonesia
-
Krakatoa (1)
-
Sumatra
-
Toba Lake (5)
-
-
-
Japan
-
Honshu
-
Hida metamorphic belt (1)
-
Shimane Japan (1)
-
-
-
Korea
-
South Korea (1)
-
-
Philippine Islands (1)
-
Thailand (1)
-
Vietnam (1)
-
-
Indian Peninsula
-
India
-
Deccan Plateau (1)
-
Ghats
-
Western Ghats (1)
-
-
Maharashtra India (1)
-
Narmada-Son Lineament (1)
-
-
-
Kamchatka Russian Federation
-
Kamchatka Peninsula
-
Avacha (1)
-
Bezymyannyy (1)
-
Klyuchevskaya Sopka (2)
-
Sheveluch (1)
-
Tolbachik (1)
-
-
-
Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation
-
Taymyr Dolgan-Nenets Russian Federation
-
Taymyr Peninsula (1)
-
-
-
Middle East
-
Turkey
-
Anatolia (1)
-
-
-
Russian Pacific region (1)
-
Sayan
-
Eastern Sayan (1)
-
-
Tannu-Ola Range (1)
-
Tibetan Plateau (3)
-
Tuva Russian Federation (1)
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
Mid-Atlantic Ridge (1)
-
North Atlantic
-
Gulf of Mexico (2)
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean Islands
-
Canary Islands
-
Tenerife (1)
-
-
-
Australasia
-
Australia (1)
-
New Zealand
-
Auckland volcanic field (1)
-
Canterbury New Zealand
-
Banks Peninsula (1)
-
-
Okataina volcanic centre (2)
-
Ruapehu (1)
-
Tarawera volcanic complex (2)
-
Taupo (6)
-
Taupo volcanic zone (12)
-
-
Papua New Guinea
-
Ok Tedi Mine (1)
-
-
-
Black Mountains (2)
-
Canada
-
Eastern Canada
-
Maritime Provinces
-
New Brunswick (1)
-
Nova Scotia (1)
-
-
Meguma Terrane (1)
-
Newfoundland and Labrador
-
Labrador (1)
-
-
-
Nunavut
-
Ellesmere Island (1)
-
Sverdrup Basin (1)
-
-
Queen Elizabeth Islands
-
Ellesmere Island (1)
-
Sverdrup Basin (1)
-
-
Western Canada
-
Alberta
-
Edmonton Alberta (1)
-
-
British Columbia (2)
-
Canadian Cordillera (1)
-
Yukon Territory (2)
-
-
-
Cascade Range (6)
-
Channeled Scabland (1)
-
Colorado River (3)
-
Colorado River basin (1)
-
Commonwealth of Independent States
-
Armenia (1)
-
Azerbaijan
-
Nakhichevan Azerbaijan (1)
-
-
Caucasus
-
Lesser Caucasus (1)
-
-
Donets Basin (1)
-
Russian Federation
-
Buryat Russian Federation (1)
-
Kamchatka Russian Federation
-
Kamchatka Peninsula
-
Avacha (1)
-
Bezymyannyy (1)
-
Klyuchevskaya Sopka (2)
-
Sheveluch (1)
-
Tolbachik (1)
-
-
-
Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation
-
Taymyr Dolgan-Nenets Russian Federation
-
Taymyr Peninsula (1)
-
-
-
Russian Pacific region (1)
-
Tuva Russian Federation (1)
-
-
Ukraine
-
Podolia (1)
-
-
-
Crater Lake (2)
-
Craters of the Moon (1)
-
Death Valley (2)
-
East Pacific Ocean Islands
-
Hawaii
-
Hawaii County Hawaii
-
Hawaii Island
-
Hualalai (1)
-
Kilauea (2)
-
Kohala (1)
-
Mauna Kea (1)
-
-
-
Honolulu County Hawaii
-
Oahu
-
Honolulu Hawaii (1)
-
-
-
Mauna Loa (1)
-
-
-
Elba (2)
-
Espanola Basin (1)
-
Europe
-
Alps
-
Central Alps
-
Rhaetian Alps
-
Adamello Massif (1)
-
-
-
Eastern Alps
-
Dolomites (1)
-
-
-
Armenia (1)
-
Azerbaijan
-
Nakhichevan Azerbaijan (1)
-
-
Carpathians
-
Bukk Mountains (1)
-
-
Caucasus
-
Lesser Caucasus (1)
-
-
Central Europe
-
Bohemian Massif (1)
-
Czech Republic
-
Bohemia
-
Pilsen Basin (1)
-
-
-
Erzgebirge (1)
-
Germany
-
Saar-Nahe Basin (1)
-
-
Hungary
-
Bukk Mountains (1)
-
-
Poland
-
Swiety Krzyz Mountains (1)
-
-
Upper Silesian coal basin (1)
-
-
Donets Basin (1)
-
Pyrenees
-
Spanish Pyrenees (1)
-
-
Southern Europe
-
Iberian Peninsula
-
Spain
-
Catalonia Spain (1)
-
Spanish Pyrenees (1)
-
-
-
Italy
-
Campania Italy
-
Phlegraean Fields (6)
-
-
Ivrea-Verbano Zone (1)
-
Lombardy Italy
-
Adamello Massif (1)
-
-
Sardinia Italy (1)
-
Sesia Valley (1)
-
Sicily Italy
-
Lipari Islands
-
Lipari Island (1)
-
-
Pantelleria (1)
-
-
Tuscany Italy (2)
-
-
-
Ukraine
-
Podolia (1)
-
-
Western Europe
-
France (1)
-
Iceland (4)
-
Scandinavia
-
Norway (1)
-
Western Gneiss region (1)
-
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
Scotland (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Grand Canyon (2)
-
Guadalupe Mountains (1)
-
Indian Ocean
-
Arabian Sea
-
Gulf of Aden (1)
-
-
-
Indian Ocean Islands
-
Mascarene Islands
-
Reunion
-
Piton de la Fournaise (1)
-
-
-
-
Lake Mead (1)
-
Mediterranean region (1)
-
Mediterranean Sea
-
West Mediterranean
-
Tyrrhenian Sea (1)
-
-
-
Mexico
-
Sierra Madre Occidental (2)
-
-
North America
-
Basin and Range Province
-
Great Basin (9)
-
-
Great Lakes
-
Lake Superior (1)
-
-
Gulf Coastal Plain (1)
-
Lake Superior region (1)
-
North American Cordillera
-
Canadian Cordillera (1)
-
-
Rio Grande Rift (2)
-
Rocky Mountains
-
Southern Rocky Mountains (8)
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains
-
San Juan Mountains
-
Creede Caldera (1)
-
-
-
-
Saint Elias Mountains (1)
-
Western Interior
-
Western Interior Seaway (1)
-
-
-
North Island (15)
-
Northern Hemisphere (1)
-
Oceania
-
Polynesia
-
Hawaii
-
Hawaii County Hawaii
-
Hawaii Island
-
Hualalai (1)
-
Kilauea (2)
-
Kohala (1)
-
Mauna Kea (1)
-
-
-
Honolulu County Hawaii
-
Oahu
-
Honolulu Hawaii (1)
-
-
-
Mauna Loa (1)
-
-
-
-
Pacific Coast (1)
-
Pacific Ocean
-
East Pacific
-
Northeast Pacific
-
Gulf of California (1)
-
Hawaiian Ridge (1)
-
-
-
North Pacific
-
Northeast Pacific
-
Gulf of California (1)
-
Hawaiian Ridge (1)
-
-
Northwest Pacific
-
Emperor Seamounts (1)
-
Japan Sea (1)
-
South China Sea (2)
-
-
-
West Pacific
-
Northwest Pacific
-
Emperor Seamounts (1)
-
Japan Sea (1)
-
South China Sea (2)
-
-
-
-
Pacific region
-
Circum-Pacific region (2)
-
-
Puna (10)
-
Red River (1)
-
San Juan Basin (1)
-
Sierra Nevada (4)
-
South America
-
Andes
-
Central Andes (12)
-
Cordillera Blanca (1)
-
Western Cordillera (1)
-
-
Argentina
-
Chubut Argentina (1)
-
Neuquen Basin (1)
-
Santa Cruz Argentina (1)
-
-
Bolivia (3)
-
Chile
-
Antofagasta Chile (1)
-
Atacama Desert (1)
-
Magallanes Chile (1)
-
-
Patagonia (5)
-
Peru
-
Ancash Peru
-
Cordillera Blanca (1)
-
-
-
-
South Island (1)
-
South Mountain Batholith (1)
-
United States
-
Alaska
-
Aleutian Islands (1)
-
Katmai (1)
-
Katmai National Park (1)
-
-
Arizona
-
Coconino County Arizona
-
Meteor Crater (1)
-
-
-
California
-
Butte County California (1)
-
Central California (1)
-
Garlock Fault (1)
-
Inyo County California (2)
-
Mono County California
-
Long Valley Caldera (10)
-
-
Northern California (1)
-
Salinian Block (1)
-
San Bernardino County California (1)
-
Santa Barbara County California
-
Lompoc California (1)
-
-
Sierra Nevada Batholith (1)
-
Southern California (2)
-
Transverse Ranges (1)
-
Yosemite National Park (1)
-
-
Colorado
-
Conejos County Colorado (1)
-
Gunnison County Colorado (1)
-
Hinsdale County Colorado (1)
-
Lake County Colorado
-
Leadville mining district (1)
-
-
Mineral County Colorado
-
Creede Caldera (1)
-
-
Montezuma County Colorado (1)
-
Rio Grande County Colorado (1)
-
Saguache County Colorado (2)
-
San Juan volcanic field (3)
-
Wattenberg Field (1)
-
-
Colorado Plateau (3)
-
Denver Basin (1)
-
Great Basin (9)
-
Hawaii
-
Hawaii County Hawaii
-
Hawaii Island
-
Hualalai (1)
-
Kilauea (2)
-
Kohala (1)
-
Mauna Kea (1)
-
-
-
Honolulu County Hawaii
-
Oahu
-
Honolulu Hawaii (1)
-
-
-
Mauna Loa (1)
-
-
High Plains Aquifer (1)
-
Idaho
-
Bonneville County Idaho (1)
-
Madison County Idaho (1)
-
Snake River plain (10)
-
-
Kansas
-
Ellis County Kansas (1)
-
-
Klamath Mountains (1)
-
Louisiana
-
Catahoula Parish Louisiana (1)
-
-
Maine
-
Hancock County Maine (1)
-
-
Mississippi (1)
-
Missouri River (1)
-
Mojave Desert (1)
-
Montana (2)
-
Nevada
-
Clark County Nevada (1)
-
Lyon County Nevada
-
Yerington Nevada (1)
-
-
-
New Mexico
-
Datil-Mogollon volcanic field (2)
-
Jemez Mountains (2)
-
McKinley County New Mexico (1)
-
Pajarito Plateau (1)
-
San Juan County New Mexico (1)
-
Sierra County New Mexico (1)
-
Taos County New Mexico
-
Questa Mine (1)
-
-
Valles Caldera (4)
-
-
Oregon
-
Klamath County Oregon
-
Mount Mazama (1)
-
-
-
Southwestern U.S. (1)
-
Texas
-
Jasper County Texas (1)
-
Live Oak County Texas (1)
-
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains
-
San Juan Mountains
-
Creede Caldera (1)
-
-
-
Utah
-
Kane County Utah (1)
-
Salt Lake County Utah (1)
-
Sevier County Utah (1)
-
Wayne County Utah (1)
-
-
Washington
-
Chelan County Washington (1)
-
Golden Horn Batholith (1)
-
Mount Rainier National Park (2)
-
Pierce County Washington
-
Mount Rainier (1)
-
-
Skagit County Washington (1)
-
Skamania County Washington
-
Mount Saint Helens (2)
-
-
-
Western U.S. (6)
-
Wyoming
-
Teton County Wyoming (1)
-
-
Yellowstone National Park (10)
-
Yellowstone River (2)
-
-
-
commodities
-
brines (2)
-
gems (2)
-
geothermal energy (1)
-
metal ores
-
copper ores (7)
-
gold ores (5)
-
IOCG deposits (1)
-
iron ores (1)
-
lead ores (1)
-
lead-zinc deposits (1)
-
lithium ores (3)
-
mercury ores (1)
-
molybdenum ores (5)
-
nickel ores (1)
-
platinum ores (1)
-
polymetallic ores (1)
-
silver ores (2)
-
tin ores (1)
-
uranium ores (1)
-
zinc ores (3)
-
-
mineral deposits, genesis (13)
-
mineral exploration (1)
-
mineral resources (1)
-
nonmetal deposits (1)
-
oil and gas fields (1)
-
petroleum (1)
-
water resources (1)
-
-
elements, isotopes
-
boron (1)
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (5)
-
C-14 (1)
-
organic carbon (1)
-
-
halogens
-
chlorine (2)
-
fluorine (2)
-
-
hydrogen
-
D/H (4)
-
deuterium (1)
-
-
isotope ratios (60)
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (3)
-
C-14 (1)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (7)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (6)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (5)
-
Re-187/Os-188 (1)
-
U-238/U-235 (1)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (3)
-
C-13/C-12 (5)
-
D/H (4)
-
deuterium (1)
-
Fe-56/Fe-54 (1)
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (14)
-
Li-7/Li-6 (2)
-
Mg-26/Mg-24 (2)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (11)
-
O-17 (1)
-
O-17/O-16 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (34)
-
Os-188/Os-187 (1)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (7)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (6)
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (1)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (5)
-
Re-187/Os-188 (1)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (15)
-
-
-
Lu/Hf (3)
-
metals
-
actinides
-
uranium
-
U-238/U-235 (1)
-
-
-
alkali metals
-
lithium
-
Li-7/Li-6 (2)
-
-
potassium (1)
-
rubidium (2)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
barium (2)
-
magnesium
-
Mg-26/Mg-24 (2)
-
-
strontium
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (15)
-
-
-
aluminum (1)
-
copper (1)
-
gold (1)
-
hafnium
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (14)
-
-
iron
-
Fe-56/Fe-54 (1)
-
-
lead
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (7)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (6)
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (1)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (5)
-
-
molybdenum (1)
-
niobium (1)
-
platinum group
-
osmium
-
Os-188/Os-187 (1)
-
Re-187/Os-188 (1)
-
-
platinum ores (1)
-
-
rare earths
-
cerium (2)
-
dysprosium (2)
-
europium (2)
-
lanthanum (1)
-
lutetium (1)
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (11)
-
-
ytterbium (3)
-
yttrium (1)
-
-
rhenium
-
Re-187/Os-188 (1)
-
-
titanium (10)
-
-
nitrogen (1)
-
noble gases
-
argon
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (3)
-
-
-
oxygen
-
O-17 (1)
-
O-17/O-16 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (34)
-
-
silicon (2)
-
sulfur (6)
-
-
fossils
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Tetrapoda
-
Mammalia
-
Theria
-
Eutheria
-
Artiodactyla
-
Ruminantia
-
Bovidae
-
Bos (1)
-
-
-
-
Perissodactyla
-
Hippomorpha
-
Equidae
-
Equus (1)
-
-
-
-
Primates
-
Hominidae
-
Homo
-
Homo sapiens (1)
-
-
-
-
Proboscidea
-
Elephantoidea
-
Elephantidae
-
Elephas (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Graptolithina
-
Graptoloidea (1)
-
-
Hemichordata (1)
-
Invertebrata
-
Arthropoda
-
Mandibulata
-
Crustacea
-
Ostracoda (2)
-
-
Insecta
-
Pterygota
-
Neoptera
-
Endopterygota
-
Diptera (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Brachiopoda (1)
-
Mollusca
-
Cephalopoda
-
Ammonoidea
-
Ammonites (1)
-
-
-
-
Porifera (1)
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera (1)
-
-
-
microfossils
-
Conodonta (1)
-
-
palynomorphs (1)
-
Plantae
-
algae
-
diatoms (4)
-
-
Pteridophyta
-
Sphenopsida (1)
-
-
Spermatophyta
-
Gymnospermae
-
Coniferales (1)
-
Cordaitales (1)
-
-
-
-
Pterobranchia (1)
-
-
geochronology methods
-
Ar/Ar (40)
-
fission-track dating (1)
-
hydration of glass (1)
-
infrared stimulated luminescence (1)
-
K/Ar (1)
-
Lu/Hf (3)
-
optically stimulated luminescence (1)
-
paleomagnetism (5)
-
Rb/Sr (3)
-
Re/Os (2)
-
Sm/Nd (3)
-
Sr/Sr (1)
-
tephrochronology (3)
-
Th/U (6)
-
thermochronology (1)
-
U/Pb (79)
-
U/Th/Pb (4)
-
uranium disequilibrium (5)
-
-
geologic age
-
Cenozoic
-
middle Cenozoic (1)
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene
-
upper Holocene (2)
-
-
Pleistocene
-
Bandelier Tuff (5)
-
Bishop Tuff (9)
-
lower Pleistocene (2)
-
Matuyama Chron (1)
-
middle Pleistocene (1)
-
upper Pleistocene
-
Neapolitan Yellow Tuff (1)
-
-
-
upper Quaternary
-
Brunhes Chron (1)
-
-
-
Stone Age
-
Paleolithic
-
Acheulian (1)
-
-
-
Tertiary
-
Catahoula Formation (1)
-
Challis Volcanics (1)
-
Muddy Creek Formation (1)
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
Columbia River Basalt Group (2)
-
Grande Ronde Basalt (1)
-
lower Miocene
-
Burdigalian (2)
-
-
middle Miocene (3)
-
Peach Springs Tuff (4)
-
upper Miocene
-
Modelo Formation (1)
-
-
-
Pliocene (9)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
Green River Formation (1)
-
upper Eocene (1)
-
Wilkins Peak Member (1)
-
-
Oligocene
-
Fish Canyon Tuff (6)
-
Glendon Limestone (1)
-
lower Oligocene
-
Rupelian (1)
-
-
-
Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene
-
K-T boundary (1)
-
-
-
Renova Formation (1)
-
-
-
upper Cenozoic (2)
-
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Albian
-
upper Albian (1)
-
-
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Campanian (1)
-
Cenomanian
-
upper Cenomanian (1)
-
-
Ferron Sandstone Member (1)
-
Gallup Sandstone (1)
-
Horseshoe Canyon Formation (1)
-
Kanguk Formation (1)
-
K-T boundary (1)
-
Maestrichtian
-
lower Maestrichtian (1)
-
-
Tuolumne Intrusive Suite (3)
-
Turonian
-
lower Turonian (1)
-
-
-
-
Glen Canyon Group (1)
-
Jurassic
-
Ferrar Group (1)
-
Lower Jurassic (1)
-
Middle Jurassic (1)
-
-
Navajo Sandstone (1)
-
Nugget Sandstone (1)
-
Triassic
-
Lower Triassic (1)
-
Middle Triassic (1)
-
-
upper Mesozoic (1)
-
-
MIS 5 (1)
-
Paleozoic
-
Cambrian
-
Upper Cambrian (1)
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Lower Carboniferous (1)
-
Mississippian
-
Lower Mississippian
-
Tournaisian (1)
-
-
-
Pennsylvanian
-
Upper Pennsylvanian (1)
-
-
-
Devonian
-
Lower Devonian (2)
-
Upper Devonian (1)
-
-
Ordovician
-
Lower Ordovician (1)
-
Middle Ordovician (1)
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Hirnantian (1)
-
Lorraine Group (1)
-
-
-
Permian
-
Guadalupian
-
Capitanian (1)
-
-
Meade Peak Member (1)
-
Park City Formation (1)
-
Phosphoria Formation (1)
-
Upper Permian
-
Lopingian (1)
-
-
-
Silurian
-
Lower Silurian
-
Llandovery
-
Rhuddanian (1)
-
-
-
Upper Silurian (1)
-
-
upper Paleozoic (1)
-
-
Phanerozoic (3)
-
Precambrian
-
Archean (3)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Algonkian
-
Baraboo Quartzite (1)
-
-
Coldbrook Group (1)
-
Mesoproterozoic (1)
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Cryogenian (1)
-
Ediacaran (2)
-
Sturtian (1)
-
-
Paleoproterozoic
-
Rustenburg Layered Suite (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
igneous rocks
-
igneous rocks
-
granophyre (1)
-
hypabyssal rocks (1)
-
plutonic rocks
-
diabase (1)
-
diorites
-
plagiogranite (1)
-
tonalite (3)
-
trondhjemite (2)
-
-
essexite (1)
-
gabbros (2)
-
granites
-
aplite (2)
-
granite porphyry (1)
-
leucogranite (3)
-
rapakivi (1)
-
-
granodiorites
-
granodiorite porphyry (1)
-
-
lamprophyres (1)
-
monzodiorite (2)
-
monzonites (3)
-
pegmatite (1)
-
quartz monzonite (1)
-
syenites
-
quartz syenite (1)
-
-
ultramafics
-
peridotites (1)
-
-
-
porphyry (2)
-
volcanic rocks
-
andesites (7)
-
basalts
-
alkali basalts
-
trachybasalts (1)
-
-
flood basalts (6)
-
mid-ocean ridge basalts (1)
-
ocean-island basalts (1)
-
-
dacites (8)
-
glasses
-
obsidian (1)
-
volcanic glass (6)
-
-
pyroclastics
-
ash-flow tuff (3)
-
green tuff (1)
-
ignimbrite (54)
-
pumice (9)
-
tuff (23)
-
welded tuff (1)
-
-
rhyodacites (2)
-
rhyolites
-
comendite (1)
-
-
trachytes (3)
-
-
-
volcanic ash (17)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
K-bentonite (3)
-
metabentonite (1)
-
metamorphic rocks
-
gneisses (1)
-
hornfels (1)
-
metaigneous rocks
-
serpentinite (1)
-
-
metasedimentary rocks (1)
-
metasomatic rocks
-
serpentinite (1)
-
skarn (2)
-
-
schists
-
greenschist (1)
-
-
-
-
meteorites
-
meteorites (1)
-
-
minerals
-
carbonates
-
calcite (1)
-
-
halides
-
fluorides
-
topaz (1)
-
-
-
K-bentonite (3)
-
metabentonite (1)
-
nitrates (1)
-
oxides
-
aluminum oxides (1)
-
baddeleyite (1)
-
ilmenite (1)
-
iron oxides (3)
-
magnesium oxides (1)
-
magnetite (3)
-
rutile (1)
-
titanium oxides (2)
-
titanomagnetite (1)
-
-
phosphates
-
apatite (4)
-
monazite (2)
-
-
silicates
-
chain silicates
-
amphibole group
-
clinoamphibole
-
actinolite (1)
-
hornblende (3)
-
-
-
pyroxene group
-
clinopyroxene (3)
-
orthopyroxene (2)
-
-
-
framework silicates
-
feldspar group
-
alkali feldspar
-
K-feldspar (3)
-
microcline (1)
-
sanidine (16)
-
-
plagioclase
-
anorthite (1)
-
-
-
silica minerals
-
cristobalite (1)
-
opal (3)
-
quartz (23)
-
tridymite (1)
-
-
zeolite group
-
mordenite (1)
-
-
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
garnet group (2)
-
olivine group
-
olivine (3)
-
-
titanite group
-
titanite (3)
-
-
topaz (1)
-
zircon group
-
zircon (79)
-
-
-
sorosilicates
-
chevkinite group
-
chevkinite (1)
-
-
epidote group
-
allanite (2)
-
-
-
-
sheet silicates
-
clay minerals
-
kaolinite (1)
-
smectite (1)
-
-
illite (1)
-
mica group
-
biotite (5)
-
-
sericite (1)
-
-
-
sulfates
-
anhydrite (1)
-
-
sulfides
-
molybdenite (3)
-
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (104)
-
Africa
-
East Africa
-
Ethiopia (1)
-
Lake Malawi (1)
-
-
East African Lakes
-
Lake Malawi (1)
-
-
North Africa
-
Atlas Mountains
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Anti-Atlas (1)
-
-
-
Morocco
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Anti-Atlas (1)
-
-
-
-
Southern Africa
-
South Africa
-
Bushveld Complex (1)
-
-
-
West Africa (1)
-
West African Craton (1)
-
-
Antarctica
-
Antarctic Peninsula (1)
-
Transantarctic Mountains (2)
-
Victoria Land (1)
-
-
Arctic Ocean
-
Alpha Cordillera (1)
-
-
Arctic region
-
Greenland
-
Greenland ice sheet (1)
-
Northern Greenland (1)
-
-
-
Asia
-
Altai-Sayan region (1)
-
Buryat Russian Federation (1)
-
Far East
-
China
-
Guangdong China (1)
-
Hainan China (1)
-
Hong Kong (2)
-
Hunan China (1)
-
Kunlun Mountains (1)
-
Qilian Mountains (1)
-
Sichuan China (1)
-
South China Block (3)
-
Xinjiang China
-
Junggar (1)
-
-
Xizang China
-
Gangdese Belt (1)
-
Lhasa Block (1)
-
-
Yangtze Platform (1)
-
-
Indonesia
-
Krakatoa (1)
-
Sumatra
-
Toba Lake (5)
-
-
-
Japan
-
Honshu
-
Hida metamorphic belt (1)
-
Shimane Japan (1)
-
-
-
Korea
-
South Korea (1)
-
-
Philippine Islands (1)
-
Thailand (1)
-
Vietnam (1)
-
-
Indian Peninsula
-
India
-
Deccan Plateau (1)
-
Ghats
-
Western Ghats (1)
-
-
Maharashtra India (1)
-
Narmada-Son Lineament (1)
-
-
-
Kamchatka Russian Federation
-
Kamchatka Peninsula
-
Avacha (1)
-
Bezymyannyy (1)
-
Klyuchevskaya Sopka (2)
-
Sheveluch (1)
-
Tolbachik (1)
-
-
-
Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation
-
Taymyr Dolgan-Nenets Russian Federation
-
Taymyr Peninsula (1)
-
-
-
Middle East
-
Turkey
-
Anatolia (1)
-
-
-
Russian Pacific region (1)
-
Sayan
-
Eastern Sayan (1)
-
-
Tannu-Ola Range (1)
-
Tibetan Plateau (3)
-
Tuva Russian Federation (1)
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
Mid-Atlantic Ridge (1)
-
North Atlantic
-
Gulf of Mexico (2)
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean Islands
-
Canary Islands
-
Tenerife (1)
-
-
-
atmosphere (3)
-
Australasia
-
Australia (1)
-
New Zealand
-
Auckland volcanic field (1)
-
Canterbury New Zealand
-
Banks Peninsula (1)
-
-
Okataina volcanic centre (2)
-
Ruapehu (1)
-
Tarawera volcanic complex (2)
-
Taupo (6)
-
Taupo volcanic zone (12)
-
-
Papua New Guinea
-
Ok Tedi Mine (1)
-
-
-
biogeography (1)
-
boron (1)
-
brines (2)
-
Canada
-
Eastern Canada
-
Maritime Provinces
-
New Brunswick (1)
-
Nova Scotia (1)
-
-
Meguma Terrane (1)
-
Newfoundland and Labrador
-
Labrador (1)
-
-
-
Nunavut
-
Ellesmere Island (1)
-
Sverdrup Basin (1)
-
-
Queen Elizabeth Islands
-
Ellesmere Island (1)
-
Sverdrup Basin (1)
-
-
Western Canada
-
Alberta
-
Edmonton Alberta (1)
-
-
British Columbia (2)
-
Canadian Cordillera (1)
-
Yukon Territory (2)
-
-
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (5)
-
C-14 (1)
-
organic carbon (1)
-
-
Cenozoic
-
middle Cenozoic (1)
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene
-
upper Holocene (2)
-
-
Pleistocene
-
Bandelier Tuff (5)
-
Bishop Tuff (9)
-
lower Pleistocene (2)
-
Matuyama Chron (1)
-
middle Pleistocene (1)
-
upper Pleistocene
-
Neapolitan Yellow Tuff (1)
-
-
-
upper Quaternary
-
Brunhes Chron (1)
-
-
-
Stone Age
-
Paleolithic
-
Acheulian (1)
-
-
-
Tertiary
-
Catahoula Formation (1)
-
Challis Volcanics (1)
-
Muddy Creek Formation (1)
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
Columbia River Basalt Group (2)
-
Grande Ronde Basalt (1)
-
lower Miocene
-
Burdigalian (2)
-
-
middle Miocene (3)
-
Peach Springs Tuff (4)
-
upper Miocene
-
Modelo Formation (1)
-
-
-
Pliocene (9)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
Green River Formation (1)
-
upper Eocene (1)
-
Wilkins Peak Member (1)
-
-
Oligocene
-
Fish Canyon Tuff (6)
-
Glendon Limestone (1)
-
lower Oligocene
-
Rupelian (1)
-
-
-
Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene
-
K-T boundary (1)
-
-
-
Renova Formation (1)
-
-
-
upper Cenozoic (2)
-
-
chemical analysis (3)
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Tetrapoda
-
Mammalia
-
Theria
-
Eutheria
-
Artiodactyla
-
Ruminantia
-
Bovidae
-
Bos (1)
-
-
-
-
Perissodactyla
-
Hippomorpha
-
Equidae
-
Equus (1)
-
-
-
-
Primates
-
Hominidae
-
Homo
-
Homo sapiens (1)
-
-
-
-
Proboscidea
-
Elephantoidea
-
Elephantidae
-
Elephas (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
climate change (6)
-
continental drift (1)
-
crust (34)
-
crystal chemistry (3)
-
crystal growth (4)
-
crystal structure (3)
-
dams (2)
-
data processing (7)
-
deformation (11)
-
diagenesis (3)
-
Earth (2)
-
earthquakes (3)
-
East Pacific Ocean Islands
-
Hawaii
-
Hawaii County Hawaii
-
Hawaii Island
-
Hualalai (1)
-
Kilauea (2)
-
Kohala (1)
-
Mauna Kea (1)
-
-
-
Honolulu County Hawaii
-
Oahu
-
Honolulu Hawaii (1)
-
-
-
Mauna Loa (1)
-
-
-
Europe
-
Alps
-
Central Alps
-
Rhaetian Alps
-
Adamello Massif (1)
-
-
-
Eastern Alps
-
Dolomites (1)
-
-
-
Armenia (1)
-
Azerbaijan
-
Nakhichevan Azerbaijan (1)
-
-
Carpathians
-
Bukk Mountains (1)
-
-
Caucasus
-
Lesser Caucasus (1)
-
-
Central Europe
-
Bohemian Massif (1)
-
Czech Republic
-
Bohemia
-
Pilsen Basin (1)
-
-
-
Erzgebirge (1)
-
Germany
-
Saar-Nahe Basin (1)
-
-
Hungary
-
Bukk Mountains (1)
-
-
Poland
-
Swiety Krzyz Mountains (1)
-
-
Upper Silesian coal basin (1)
-
-
Donets Basin (1)
-
Pyrenees
-
Spanish Pyrenees (1)
-
-
Southern Europe
-
Iberian Peninsula
-
Spain
-
Catalonia Spain (1)
-
Spanish Pyrenees (1)
-
-
-
Italy
-
Campania Italy
-
Phlegraean Fields (6)
-
-
Ivrea-Verbano Zone (1)
-
Lombardy Italy
-
Adamello Massif (1)
-
-
Sardinia Italy (1)
-
Sesia Valley (1)
-
Sicily Italy
-
Lipari Islands
-
Lipari Island (1)
-
-
Pantelleria (1)
-
-
Tuscany Italy (2)
-
-
-
Ukraine
-
Podolia (1)
-
-
Western Europe
-
France (1)
-
Iceland (4)
-
Scandinavia
-
Norway (1)
-
Western Gneiss region (1)
-
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
Scotland (1)
-
-
-
-
-
faults (17)
-
folds (1)
-
foliation (2)
-
fractures (1)
-
gems (2)
-
geochemistry (44)
-
geochronology (10)
-
geodesy (3)
-
geomorphology (2)
-
geophysical methods (11)
-
geothermal energy (1)
-
glacial geology (2)
-
government agencies (1)
-
Graptolithina
-
Graptoloidea (1)
-
-
ground water (1)
-
heat flow (2)
-
Hemichordata (1)
-
hydrogen
-
D/H (4)
-
deuterium (1)
-
-
hydrology (1)
-
igneous rocks
-
granophyre (1)
-
hypabyssal rocks (1)
-
plutonic rocks
-
diabase (1)
-
diorites
-
plagiogranite (1)
-
tonalite (3)
-
trondhjemite (2)
-
-
essexite (1)
-
gabbros (2)
-
granites
-
aplite (2)
-
granite porphyry (1)
-
leucogranite (3)
-
rapakivi (1)
-
-
granodiorites
-
granodiorite porphyry (1)
-
-
lamprophyres (1)
-
monzodiorite (2)
-
monzonites (3)
-
pegmatite (1)
-
quartz monzonite (1)
-
syenites
-
quartz syenite (1)
-
-
ultramafics
-
peridotites (1)
-
-
-
porphyry (2)
-
volcanic rocks
-
andesites (7)
-
basalts
-
alkali basalts
-
trachybasalts (1)
-
-
flood basalts (6)
-
mid-ocean ridge basalts (1)
-
ocean-island basalts (1)
-
-
dacites (8)
-
glasses
-
obsidian (1)
-
volcanic glass (6)
-
-
pyroclastics
-
ash-flow tuff (3)
-
green tuff (1)
-
ignimbrite (54)
-
pumice (9)
-
tuff (23)
-
welded tuff (1)
-
-
rhyodacites (2)
-
rhyolites
-
comendite (1)
-
-
trachytes (3)
-
-
-
inclusions
-
fluid inclusions (13)
-
-
Indian Ocean
-
Arabian Sea
-
Gulf of Aden (1)
-
-
-
Indian Ocean Islands
-
Mascarene Islands
-
Reunion
-
Piton de la Fournaise (1)
-
-
-
-
intrusions (59)
-
Invertebrata
-
Arthropoda
-
Mandibulata
-
Crustacea
-
Ostracoda (2)
-
-
Insecta
-
Pterygota
-
Neoptera
-
Endopterygota
-
Diptera (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Brachiopoda (1)
-
Mollusca
-
Cephalopoda
-
Ammonoidea
-
Ammonites (1)
-
-
-
-
Porifera (1)
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera (1)
-
-
-
ionosphere (2)
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (3)
-
C-14 (1)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (7)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (6)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (5)
-
Re-187/Os-188 (1)
-
U-238/U-235 (1)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (3)
-
C-13/C-12 (5)
-
D/H (4)
-
deuterium (1)
-
Fe-56/Fe-54 (1)
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (14)
-
Li-7/Li-6 (2)
-
Mg-26/Mg-24 (2)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (11)
-
O-17 (1)
-
O-17/O-16 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (34)
-
Os-188/Os-187 (1)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (7)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (6)
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (1)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (5)
-
Re-187/Os-188 (1)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (15)
-
-
-
lava (13)
-
lineation (2)
-
magmas (109)
-
mantle (16)
-
Mediterranean region (1)
-
Mediterranean Sea
-
West Mediterranean
-
Tyrrhenian Sea (1)
-
-
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Albian
-
upper Albian (1)
-
-
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Campanian (1)
-
Cenomanian
-
upper Cenomanian (1)
-
-
Ferron Sandstone Member (1)
-
Gallup Sandstone (1)
-
Horseshoe Canyon Formation (1)
-
Kanguk Formation (1)
-
K-T boundary (1)
-
Maestrichtian
-
lower Maestrichtian (1)
-
-
Tuolumne Intrusive Suite (3)
-
Turonian
-
lower Turonian (1)
-
-
-
-
Glen Canyon Group (1)
-
Jurassic
-
Ferrar Group (1)
-
Lower Jurassic (1)
-
Middle Jurassic (1)
-
-
Navajo Sandstone (1)
-
Nugget Sandstone (1)
-
Triassic
-
Lower Triassic (1)
-
Middle Triassic (1)
-
-
upper Mesozoic (1)
-
-
metal ores
-
copper ores (7)
-
gold ores (5)
-
IOCG deposits (1)
-
iron ores (1)
-
lead ores (1)
-
lead-zinc deposits (1)
-
lithium ores (3)
-
mercury ores (1)
-
molybdenum ores (5)
-
nickel ores (1)
-
platinum ores (1)
-
polymetallic ores (1)
-
silver ores (2)
-
tin ores (1)
-
uranium ores (1)
-
zinc ores (3)
-
-
metals
-
actinides
-
uranium
-
U-238/U-235 (1)
-
-
-
alkali metals
-
lithium
-
Li-7/Li-6 (2)
-
-
potassium (1)
-
rubidium (2)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
barium (2)
-
magnesium
-
Mg-26/Mg-24 (2)
-
-
strontium
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (15)
-
-
-
aluminum (1)
-
copper (1)
-
gold (1)
-
hafnium
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (14)
-
-
iron
-
Fe-56/Fe-54 (1)
-
-
lead
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (7)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (6)
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (1)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (5)
-
-
molybdenum (1)
-
niobium (1)
-
platinum group
-
osmium
-
Os-188/Os-187 (1)
-
Re-187/Os-188 (1)
-
-
platinum ores (1)
-
-
rare earths
-
cerium (2)
-
dysprosium (2)
-
europium (2)
-
lanthanum (1)
-
lutetium (1)
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (11)
-
-
ytterbium (3)
-
yttrium (1)
-
-
rhenium
-
Re-187/Os-188 (1)
-
-
titanium (10)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
gneisses (1)
-
hornfels (1)
-
metaigneous rocks
-
serpentinite (1)
-
-
metasedimentary rocks (1)
-
metasomatic rocks
-
serpentinite (1)
-
skarn (2)
-
-
schists
-
greenschist (1)
-
-
-
metamorphism (3)
-
metasomatism (13)
-
meteorites (1)
-
Mexico
-
Sierra Madre Occidental (2)
-
-
mineral deposits, genesis (13)
-
mineral exploration (1)
-
mineral resources (1)
-
Mohorovicic discontinuity (1)
-
Moon (1)
-
nitrogen (1)
-
noble gases
-
argon
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (3)
-
-
-
nonmetal deposits (1)
-
North America
-
Basin and Range Province
-
Great Basin (9)
-
-
Great Lakes
-
Lake Superior (1)
-
-
Gulf Coastal Plain (1)
-
Lake Superior region (1)
-
North American Cordillera
-
Canadian Cordillera (1)
-
-
Rio Grande Rift (2)
-
Rocky Mountains
-
Southern Rocky Mountains (8)
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains
-
San Juan Mountains
-
Creede Caldera (1)
-
-
-
-
Saint Elias Mountains (1)
-
Western Interior
-
Western Interior Seaway (1)
-
-
-
Northern Hemisphere (1)
-
Ocean Drilling Program
-
Leg 107
-
ODP Site 650 (1)
-
-
Leg 121
-
ODP Site 758 (1)
-
-
Leg 184
-
ODP Site 1143 (1)
-
-
-
ocean floors (1)
-
Oceania
-
Polynesia
-
Hawaii
-
Hawaii County Hawaii
-
Hawaii Island
-
Hualalai (1)
-
Kilauea (2)
-
Kohala (1)
-
Mauna Kea (1)
-
-
-
Honolulu County Hawaii
-
Oahu
-
Honolulu Hawaii (1)
-
-
-
Mauna Loa (1)
-
-
-
-
oceanography (1)
-
oil and gas fields (1)
-
orogeny (2)
-
oxygen
-
O-17 (1)
-
O-17/O-16 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (34)
-
-
Pacific Coast (1)
-
Pacific Ocean
-
East Pacific
-
Northeast Pacific
-
Gulf of California (1)
-
Hawaiian Ridge (1)
-
-
-
North Pacific
-
Northeast Pacific
-
Gulf of California (1)
-
Hawaiian Ridge (1)
-
-
Northwest Pacific
-
Emperor Seamounts (1)
-
Japan Sea (1)
-
South China Sea (2)
-
-
-
West Pacific
-
Northwest Pacific
-
Emperor Seamounts (1)
-
Japan Sea (1)
-
South China Sea (2)
-
-
-
-
Pacific region
-
Circum-Pacific region (2)
-
-
paleoclimatology (13)
-
paleoecology (3)
-
paleogeography (8)
-
paleomagnetism (5)
-
Paleozoic
-
Cambrian
-
Upper Cambrian (1)
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Lower Carboniferous (1)
-
Mississippian
-
Lower Mississippian
-
Tournaisian (1)
-
-
-
Pennsylvanian
-
Upper Pennsylvanian (1)
-
-
-
Devonian
-
Lower Devonian (2)
-
Upper Devonian (1)
-
-
Ordovician
-
Lower Ordovician (1)
-
Middle Ordovician (1)
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Hirnantian (1)
-
Lorraine Group (1)
-
-
-
Permian
-
Guadalupian
-
Capitanian (1)
-
-
Meade Peak Member (1)
-
Park City Formation (1)
-
Phosphoria Formation (1)
-
Upper Permian
-
Lopingian (1)
-
-
-
Silurian
-
Lower Silurian
-
Llandovery
-
Rhuddanian (1)
-
-
-
Upper Silurian (1)
-
-
upper Paleozoic (1)
-
-
palynomorphs (1)
-
paragenesis (2)
-
petroleum (1)
-
petrology (3)
-
Phanerozoic (3)
-
phase equilibria (5)
-
Plantae
-
algae
-
diatoms (4)
-
-
Pteridophyta
-
Sphenopsida (1)
-
-
Spermatophyta
-
Gymnospermae
-
Coniferales (1)
-
Cordaitales (1)
-
-
-
-
plate tectonics (21)
-
pollution (1)
-
Precambrian
-
Archean (3)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Algonkian
-
Baraboo Quartzite (1)
-
-
Coldbrook Group (1)
-
Mesoproterozoic (1)
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Cryogenian (1)
-
Ediacaran (2)
-
Sturtian (1)
-
-
Paleoproterozoic
-
Rustenburg Layered Suite (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Pterobranchia (1)
-
remote sensing (4)
-
sea water (1)
-
sea-level changes (4)
-
sedimentary rocks
-
carbonate rocks
-
limestone (1)
-
-
chemically precipitated rocks
-
evaporites (1)
-
-
clastic rocks
-
arkose (1)
-
bentonite (4)
-
claystone (1)
-
conglomerate (1)
-
diamictite (1)
-
diatomite (1)
-
fanglomerate (1)
-
mudstone (5)
-
sandstone (4)
-
shale (1)
-
siltstone (1)
-
-
-
sedimentary structures
-
biogenic structures
-
oncolites (1)
-
stromatolites (1)
-
-
rhizoliths (1)
-
-
sedimentation (2)
-
sediments
-
clastic sediments
-
alluvium (1)
-
dust (1)
-
gravel (1)
-
-
marine sediments (3)
-
-
shorelines (1)
-
silicon (2)
-
soils (2)
-
South America
-
Andes
-
Central Andes (12)
-
Cordillera Blanca (1)
-
Western Cordillera (1)
-
-
Argentina
-
Chubut Argentina (1)
-
Neuquen Basin (1)
-
Santa Cruz Argentina (1)
-
-
Bolivia (3)
-
Chile
-
Antofagasta Chile (1)
-
Atacama Desert (1)
-
Magallanes Chile (1)
-
-
Patagonia (5)
-
Peru
-
Ancash Peru
-
Cordillera Blanca (1)
-
-
-
-
spectroscopy (6)
-
springs (1)
-
standard materials (2)
-
stratosphere (1)
-
structural analysis (4)
-
sulfur (6)
-
tectonics
-
neotectonics (1)
-
-
tektites (5)
-
thermal analysis (1)
-
thermal waters (1)
-
United States
-
Alaska
-
Aleutian Islands (1)
-
Katmai (1)
-
Katmai National Park (1)
-
-
Arizona
-
Coconino County Arizona
-
Meteor Crater (1)
-
-
-
California
-
Butte County California (1)
-
Central California (1)
-
Garlock Fault (1)
-
Inyo County California (2)
-
Mono County California
-
Long Valley Caldera (10)
-
-
Northern California (1)
-
Salinian Block (1)
-
San Bernardino County California (1)
-
Santa Barbara County California
-
Lompoc California (1)
-
-
Sierra Nevada Batholith (1)
-
Southern California (2)
-
Transverse Ranges (1)
-
Yosemite National Park (1)
-
-
Colorado
-
Conejos County Colorado (1)
-
Gunnison County Colorado (1)
-
Hinsdale County Colorado (1)
-
Lake County Colorado
-
Leadville mining district (1)
-
-
Mineral County Colorado
-
Creede Caldera (1)
-
-
Montezuma County Colorado (1)
-
Rio Grande County Colorado (1)
-
Saguache County Colorado (2)
-
San Juan volcanic field (3)
-
Wattenberg Field (1)
-
-
Colorado Plateau (3)
-
Denver Basin (1)
-
Great Basin (9)
-
Hawaii
-
Hawaii County Hawaii
-
Hawaii Island
-
Hualalai (1)
-
Kilauea (2)
-
Kohala (1)
-
Mauna Kea (1)
-
-
-
Honolulu County Hawaii
-
Oahu
-
Honolulu Hawaii (1)
-
-
-
Mauna Loa (1)
-
-
High Plains Aquifer (1)
-
Idaho
-
Bonneville County Idaho (1)
-
Madison County Idaho (1)
-
Snake River plain (10)
-
-
Kansas
-
Ellis County Kansas (1)
-
-
Klamath Mountains (1)
-
Louisiana
-
Catahoula Parish Louisiana (1)
-
-
Maine
-
Hancock County Maine (1)
-
-
Mississippi (1)
-
Missouri River (1)
-
Mojave Desert (1)
-
Montana (2)
-
Nevada
-
Clark County Nevada (1)
-
Lyon County Nevada
-
Yerington Nevada (1)
-
-
-
New Mexico
-
Datil-Mogollon volcanic field (2)
-
Jemez Mountains (2)
-
McKinley County New Mexico (1)
-
Pajarito Plateau (1)
-
San Juan County New Mexico (1)
-
Sierra County New Mexico (1)
-
Taos County New Mexico
-
Questa Mine (1)
-
-
Valles Caldera (4)
-
-
Oregon
-
Klamath County Oregon
-
Mount Mazama (1)
-
-
-
Southwestern U.S. (1)
-
Texas
-
Jasper County Texas (1)
-
Live Oak County Texas (1)
-
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains
-
San Juan Mountains
-
Creede Caldera (1)
-
-
-
Utah
-
Kane County Utah (1)
-
Salt Lake County Utah (1)
-
Sevier County Utah (1)
-
Wayne County Utah (1)
-
-
Washington
-
Chelan County Washington (1)
-
Golden Horn Batholith (1)
-
Mount Rainier National Park (2)
-
Pierce County Washington
-
Mount Rainier (1)
-
-
Skagit County Washington (1)
-
Skamania County Washington
-
Mount Saint Helens (2)
-
-
-
Western U.S. (6)
-
Wyoming
-
Teton County Wyoming (1)
-
-
Yellowstone National Park (10)
-
Yellowstone River (2)
-
-
volcanology (7)
-
water resources (1)
-
weathering (2)
-
X-ray analysis (3)
-
-
rock formations
-
Deccan Traps (1)
-
Monterey Formation (1)
-
Santa Cruz Formation (1)
-
Siberian Traps (1)
-
-
sedimentary rocks
-
sedimentary rocks
-
carbonate rocks
-
limestone (1)
-
-
chemically precipitated rocks
-
evaporites (1)
-
-
clastic rocks
-
arkose (1)
-
bentonite (4)
-
claystone (1)
-
conglomerate (1)
-
diamictite (1)
-
diatomite (1)
-
fanglomerate (1)
-
mudstone (5)
-
sandstone (4)
-
shale (1)
-
siltstone (1)
-
-
-
volcaniclastics (8)
-
-
sedimentary structures
-
channels (2)
-
sedimentary structures
-
biogenic structures
-
oncolites (1)
-
stromatolites (1)
-
-
rhizoliths (1)
-
-
-
sediments
-
sediments
-
clastic sediments
-
alluvium (1)
-
dust (1)
-
gravel (1)
-
-
marine sediments (3)
-
-
volcaniclastics (8)
-
-
soils
-
paleosols (1)
-
soils (2)
-
GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Epoch and Age
Book Series
Date
Availability
supereruptions
Supereruptions of the Snake River Plain: Two-stage derivation of low-δ 18 O rhyolites from normal-δ 18 O crust as constrained by Archean xenoliths Available to Purchase
SUPERVOLCANOES AND THEIR EXPLOSIVE SUPERERUPTIONS Available to Purchase
(Potentially) Frequently Asked Questions About Supervolcanoes and Supereruptions Available to Purchase
The Magma Reservoirs That Feed Supereruptions Available to Purchase
Supereruptions and Supervolcanoes: Processes and Products Available to Purchase
Consequences of Explosive Supereruptions Available to Purchase
First Toba supereruption revival Available to Purchase
Supereruption quartz crystals and the hollow reentrants Available to Purchase
The invisible hand: Tectonic triggering and modulation of a rhyolitic supereruption Available to Purchase
First Toba supereruption revival: Comment and Reply: REPLY Open Access
First Toba supereruption revival: Comment and Reply: COMMENT Open Access
Generalized caldera outlines for the three rhyolitic supereruptions investi... Available to Purchase
Tracking the evolution of large-volume silicic magma reservoirs from assembly to supereruption Available to Purchase
Volcanic winter in the Garden of Eden: The Toba supereruption and the late Pleistocene human population crash Available to Purchase
Full article available in PDF version.
Magma volume and flux estimates for granitic plutons (blue squares) and vol... Available to Purchase
Rapid speleothem δ 13 C change in southwestern North America coincident with Greenland stadial 20 and the Toba (Indonesia) supereruption Available to Purchase
Effects of megascale eruptions on Earth and Mars Available to Purchase
Volcanic features are common on geologically active earthlike planets. Megascale or “super” eruptions involving >1000 Gt of magma have occurred on both Earth and Mars in the geologically recent past, introducing prodigious volumes of ash and volcanic gases into the atmosphere. Here we discuss felsic (explosive) and mafic (flood lava) supereruptions and their potential atmospheric and environmental effects on both planets. On Earth, felsic supereruptions recur on average about every 100–200,000 years and our present knowledge of the 73.5 ka Toba eruption implies that such events can have the potential to be catastrophic to human civilization. A future eruption of this type may require an unprecedented response from humankind to assure the continuation of civilization as we know it. Mafic supereruptions have resulted in atmospheric injection of volcanic gases (especially SO 2) and may have played a part in punctuating the history of life on Earth. The contrast between the more sustained effects of flood basalt eruptions (decades to centuries) and the near-instantaneous effects of large impacts (months to years) is worthy of more detailed study than has been completed to date. Products of mafic supereruptions, significantly larger than known from the geologic record on Earth, are well preserved on Mars. The volatile emissions from these eruptions most likely had global dispersal, but the effects may not have been outside what Mars endures even in the absence of volcanic eruptions. This is testament to the extreme variability of the current Martian atmosphere: situations that would be considered catastrophic on Earth are the norm on Mars.