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Journal Article

On the Expected Relationships among Apparent Stress, Static Stress Drop, Effective Shear Fracture Energy, and Efficiency Available to Purchase

N. M. Beeler, T.-F. Wong, S. H. Hickman
Published: 01 June 2003
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2003) 93 (3): 1381–1389.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0120020162
...N. M. Beeler; T.-F. Wong; S. H. Hickman Abstract We consider expected relationships between apparent stress τ a and static stress drop Δ τ s using a standard energy balance and find τ a = Δ τ s (0.5 – ξ ), where ξ is stress overshoot. A simple implementation of this balance is to assume overshoot...
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View PDF for article title, On the Expected Relationships among Apparent <span class="search-highlight">Stress</span>, <span class="search-highlight">Static</span> <span class="search-highlight">Stress</span> <span class="search-highlight">Drop</span>, Effective Shear Fracture Energy, and Efficiency
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Journal Article

Independence of Spatial and Temporal Static Stress‐Drop Variability at The Geysers Geothermal Field Open Access

Monika Staszek, Łukasz Rudziński, Konstantinos Leptokaropoulos
Published: 03 June 2025
Seismological Research Letters (2025)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0220250001
...Monika Staszek; Łukasz Rudziński; Konstantinos Leptokaropoulos Abstract The variability of static stress drop of earthquakes has been described in several studies concerning injection‐induced seismicity. In this work, we refer to temporal and spatial variability of static stress drop identified...
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View PDF for article title, Independence of Spatial and Temporal <span class="search-highlight">Static</span> <span class="search-highlight">Stress</span>‐<span class="search-highlight">Drop</span> Variability at The Geysers Geothermal Field
Add to Citation Manager for Independence of Spatial and Temporal <span class="search-highlight">Static</span> <span class="search-highlight">Stress</span>‐<span class="search-highlight">Drop</span> Variability at The Geysers Geothermal Field
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Journal Article

A Study on the Largest Hydraulic‐Fracturing‐Induced Earthquake in Canada: Observations and Static Stress‐Drop Estimation Available to Purchase

Bei Wang, Rebecca M. Harrington, Yajing Liu, Honn Kao, Hongyu Yu
Published: 07 July 2020
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2020) 110 (5): 2283–2294.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0120190261
... ratios, which minimizes nonsource‐related effects (e.g., Ide et al. , 2003 ; Harrington et al. , 2015 ). In this section, we detail how estimates of M 0 and f c are used to calculate the static stress‐drop values, as well as the refinement of the f c estimates and stress...
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View PDF for article title, A Study on the Largest Hydraulic‐Fracturing‐Induced Earthquake in Canada: Observations and <span class="search-highlight">Static</span> <span class="search-highlight">Stress</span>‐<span class="search-highlight">Drop</span> Estimation
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Journal Article

Regions of Reduced Static Stress Drop near Fault Tips for Large Strike-Slip Earthquakes Available to Purchase

Peter J. Lovely, David D. Pollard, Ovunc Mutlu
Published: 01 June 2009
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2009) 99 (3): 1691–1704.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0120080358
..., inelastic deformation, and dynamic rupture effects. 27 February 2008 Slip distributions and the associated static and dynamic stress drop have been calculated for both of these events using combinations of geodetic, strong ground motion, and teleseismic data ( Wald and Heaton, 1994 ; Cotton...
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View PDF for article title, Regions of Reduced <span class="search-highlight">Static</span> <span class="search-highlight">Stress</span> <span class="search-highlight">Drop</span> near Fault Tips for Large Strike-Slip Earthquakes
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Journal Article

Static stress drop in the 1994 Northridge, California, aftershock sequence Available to Purchase

Jeanne L. Hardebeck, Egill Hauksson
Published: 01 December 1997
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (1997) 87 (6): 1495–1501.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0870061495
...Jeanne L. Hardebeck; Egill Hauksson Abstract We use time-domain pulse widths to estimate static stress drops for 279 M L 2.5 to 4.0 aftershocks of the 17 January 1994, M W 6.7 Northridge, California, earthquake. The stress drops obtained range from 0.02 to 40 bars, with a log average of 0.75 bar...
View PDF for article title, <span class="search-highlight">Static</span> <span class="search-highlight">stress</span> <span class="search-highlight">drop</span> in the 1994 Northridge, California, aftershock sequence
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Journal Article

Easy computation of static stress drop, slip, and moment on two-dimensional heterogeneous faults Available to Purchase

Gerald M. Mavko
Published: 01 October 1982
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (1982) 72 (5): 1499–1508.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0720051499
...Gerald M. Mavko abstract Simple analytical techniques are presented for finding static stress-slip solutions on two-dimensional faults. For a single rupture zone, an infinite number of analytic solutions can be obtained by expanding the stress drop over the rupture zone in terms of Chebyshev...
View PDF for article title, Easy computation of <span class="search-highlight">static</span> <span class="search-highlight">stress</span> <span class="search-highlight">drop</span>, slip, and moment on two-dimensional heterogeneous faults
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Journal Article

Static and Dynamic Scaling Relations for Earthquakes and Their Implications for Rupture Speed and Stress Drop Available to Purchase

Hiroo Kanamori, Luis Rivera
Published: 01 February 2004
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2004) 94 (1): 314–319.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0120030159
... V 3 (Δσ s = static stress drop, V = rupture speed), Δσ s V 3 ∝ 10 1.5 M w ϵ/(3+ϵ) , and it can accommodate the range of presently available data on these scaling relations. We note that the scaling relation, Δσ s V 3 ∝ 10 1.5 M w ϵ/(3+ϵ) , suggests that even if ẽ is scale independent and \batchmode...
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View PDF for article title, <span class="search-highlight">Static</span> and Dynamic Scaling Relations for Earthquakes and Their Implications for Rupture Speed and <span class="search-highlight">Stress</span> <span class="search-highlight">Drop</span>
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Image
Simulation results of (a) static stress drop, (b) dynamic stress drop, and (c) Dc, for samples of case H0. Values are shown only for the area where slip occurred. Two spatially averaged values for the static and dynamic stress drops are also shown. The color version of this figure is available only in the electronic edition.

Simulation results of (a) static stress drop, (b) dynamic stress drop, and ... Available to Purchase

Published: 27 November 2023
Figure 17. Simulation results of (a) static stress drop, (b) dynamic stress drop, and (c)  D c , for samples of case H0. Values are shown only for the area where slip occurred. Two spatially averaged values for the static and dynamic stress drops are also shown. The color version
Image
Spatial distribution of static stress drop (top panel), dynamic stress drop (middle panel), and strength excess (bottom panel) on the Imperial fault based on the rupture model inferred by Archuleta (1984) and the methodology proposed by Bouchon (1997).

Spatial distribution of static stress drop (top panel), dynamic stress drop... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 February 2010
Figure 6. Spatial distribution of static stress drop (top panel), dynamic stress drop (middle panel), and strength excess (bottom panel) on the Imperial fault based on the rupture model inferred by Archuleta (1984) and the methodology proposed by Bouchon (1997) .
Image
Spatial distribution of static stress drop (top panel), dynamic stress drop (middle panel), and strength excess (bottom panel) on the causative fault of the 1999 Izmit earthquake based on the fault model inferred by Bouchon et al. (2002) and the methodology proposed by Bouchon (1997).

Spatial distribution of static stress drop (top panel), dynamic stress drop... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 February 2010
Figure 9. Spatial distribution of static stress drop (top panel), dynamic stress drop (middle panel), and strength excess (bottom panel) on the causative fault of the 1999 Izmit earthquake based on the fault model inferred by Bouchon et al. (2002) and the methodology proposed by Bouchon
Image
Spatial distribution of static stress drop (top row), dynamic stress drop (middle row), and strength excess (bottom row) along strike and dip on the causative fault of the 1985 Michoacan earthquake based on the fault model inferred by Mendoza and Hartzell (1989) and the methodology proposed by Bouchon (1997).

Spatial distribution of static stress drop (top row), dynamic stress drop (... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 February 2010
Figure 7. Spatial distribution of static stress drop (top row), dynamic stress drop (middle row), and strength excess (bottom row) along strike and dip on the causative fault of the 1985 Michoacan earthquake based on the fault model inferred by Mendoza and Hartzell (1989) and the methodology
Image
Spatial distribution of static stress drop (top row), dynamic stress drop (middle row), and strength excess (bottom row) along strike and dip on the causative fault of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake based on the fault model inferred by Zeng et al. (1993) and the methodology proposed by Bouchon (1997).

Spatial distribution of static stress drop (top row), dynamic stress drop (... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 February 2010
Figure 8. Spatial distribution of static stress drop (top row), dynamic stress drop (middle row), and strength excess (bottom row) along strike and dip on the causative fault of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake based on the fault model inferred by Zeng et al. (1993) and the methodology
Image
Static stress‐drop distributions computed by the static slip models in (a) Figure 4a and (b) Figure 4b, respectively. The stress drop was computed using the Okada (1992) method.

Static stress‐drop distributions computed by the static slip models in (a) ... Available to Purchase

Published: 21 November 2018
Figure 10. Static stress‐drop distributions computed by the static slip models in (a) Figure  4a and (b) Figure  4b , respectively. The stress drop was computed using the Okada (1992) method.
Image
(a) Static stress drop and (b) initial shear stress along the mainshock fault plane. Static stress drop is calculated assuming a homogeneous Poisson medium and initial shear stress is computed using the complete stress‐drop assumption. We select an initial shear stress profile through the main asperity at 3 km depth (dashed line) for our 2D dynamic rupture models.

(a) Static stress drop and (b) initial shear stress along the mainshock fau... Available to Purchase

Published: 09 June 2020
Figure 4. (a) Static stress drop and (b) initial shear stress along the mainshock fault plane. Static stress drop is calculated assuming a homogeneous Poisson medium and initial shear stress is computed using the complete stress‐drop assumption. We select an initial shear stress profile through
Image
Apparent stress versus static stress drop for three seismological data sets and one set of lab observations. Symbols are as in Figure 3. Contours of constant overshoot have a slope of 1 on this plot (see equation lc); the contours shown correspond to the labeled values of overshoot. The solid line is a fit to the Cajon Pass data of Abercrombie (1995) (open symbols), with a slope of 0.63.

Apparent stress versus static stress drop for three seismological data sets... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 June 2003
Figure 4. Apparent stress versus static stress drop for three seismological data sets and one set of lab observations. Symbols are as in Figure 3 . Contours of constant overshoot have a slope of 1 on this plot (see equation lc); the contours shown correspond to the labeled values of overshoot
Image
Distributions of the final cumulative slip and static stress drop. The black × mark represents the location of the hypocenter. The aftershocks occurring during about two hours and 20 min until the largest aftershock (local magnitude [ML] 4.3) on the day, which were obtained from Woo et al. (2020), are shown on the fault plane by colored circles (red‐colored big circles: ML≥4; green‐colored medium circles: 3≤ML&lt;4; and orange‐colored small circles: 2≤ML&lt;3). The left and right y‐axes represent the distance along dip and the depth, respectively. (a) Final slip distribution. The peak slip of 30.0 cm is estimated. (b) Distribution of the static stress drop. The peak and average static stress drops are estimated to be 6.7 MPa and 1.0 MPa, respectively.

Distributions of the final cumulative slip and static stress drop. The blac... Available to Purchase

Published: 11 January 2023
Figure 5. Distributions of the final cumulative slip and static stress drop. The black × mark represents the location of the hypocenter. The aftershocks occurring during about two hours and 20 min until the largest aftershock (local magnitude [ M L ] 4.3) on the day, which were obtained
Image
(a) The spatial distribution of static stress drop (Δσ) and (b) apparent stress (σa). The investigated area was divided into 4- by 4-m bins. The value of stress drop/apparent stress in each bin was calculated as a median value of Δσ (or σa) from seismic events located within 10 m of its center. The color version of this figure is available only in the electronic edition.

(a) The spatial distribution of static stress drop ( Δσ ) and (b) apparent ... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 December 2011
Figure 9. (a) The spatial distribution of static stress drop ( Δσ ) and (b) apparent stress ( σ a ). The investigated area was divided into 4- by 4-m bins. The value of stress drop/apparent stress in each bin was calculated as a median value of Δσ (or σ a ) from seismic events located within
Image
(a,b) Scaling relationships for the static stress drop, (c) displacement, and (d) source area with seismic moment, inferred for the Nojima fault. In (a) the horizontal dashed black lines indicate the range of seismologically observed constant average stress drop, typically between 0.1 and 100 MPa (e.g., Kanamori, 1994; Abercrombie, 1995). (b) Identical to (a) but plotted in semi-log axis to highlight the increase of the variability of the stress drop with the decrease of the seismic moment. On each graph, the scaling behavior of these source parameters is displayed as if the Nojima fault roughness was self-similar (H||=1) or self-affine (H||=0.6).

(a,b) Scaling relationships for the static stress drop, (c) displacement, a... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 October 2011
Figure 11. (a,b) Scaling relationships for the static stress drop, (c) displacement, and (d) source area with seismic moment, inferred for the Nojima fault. In (a) the horizontal dashed black lines indicate the range of seismologically observed constant average stress drop, typically between 0.1
Image
Spatial distribution of the static stress drop on the fault obtained from the final slip distribution. The open star indicates the hypocenter. The contour interval is 10 MPa.

Spatial distribution of the static stress drop on the fault obtained from t... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 February 2009
Figure 13. Spatial distribution of the static stress drop on the fault obtained from the final slip distribution. The open star indicates the hypocenter. The contour interval is 10 MPa.
Image
Distribution of static stress drop in MPa of the March earthquake.

Distribution of static stress drop in MPa of the March earthquake. Available to Purchase

Published: 01 February 2001
Figure 11. Distribution of static stress drop in MPa of the March earthquake.