1-20 OF 1584 RESULTS FOR

spall

Results shown limited to content with bounding coordinates.
Save search
Follow your search
Access your saved searches in your account
Would you like to receive an alert when new items match your search?
Close Modal
Sort by
Journal Article

Characterization of Spall in Hard Rock from Observations and Simulations of the Source Physics Experiment Phase I Available to Purchase

Sean R. Ford, Oleg Y. Vorobiev
Published: 25 February 2020
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2020) 110 (2): 596–612.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0120190214
...Sean R. Ford; Oleg Y. Vorobiev ABSTRACT Spall signals from the Source Physics Experiments are presented, analyzed, and modeled for insight to the explosion source. The observed signal is similar in nature to nearby historical nuclear explosions, and the surface force‐time history or velocity can...
FIGURES | View All (22)
View PDF for article title, Characterization of <span class="search-highlight">Spall</span> in Hard Rock from Observations and Simulations of the Source Physics Experiment Phase I
Purchase
Add to Citation Manager for Characterization of <span class="search-highlight">Spall</span> in Hard Rock from Observations and Simulations of the Source Physics Experiment Phase I
Includes: Supplemental Content
Journal Article

Analysis of Lg spectral ratios from NTS explosions: Implications for the source mechanisms of spall and the generation of Lg waves Available to Purchase

Howard J. Patton, Steven R. Taylor
Published: 01 February 1995
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (1995) 85 (1): 220–236.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0850010220
...Howard J. Patton; Steven R. Taylor Abstract Spectral ratios between normal-depth and over-buried nuclear explosions are investigated for purposes of detecting the effects of spall on the amplitude spectra of regional seismic signals. Lg and Pg spectral ratios in the frequency band 0.2 to 2.0 Hz...
View PDF for article title, Analysis of Lg spectral ratios from NTS explosions: Implications for the source mechanisms of <span class="search-highlight">spall</span> and the generation of Lg waves
Purchase
Add to Citation Manager for Analysis of Lg spectral ratios from NTS explosions: Implications for the source mechanisms of <span class="search-highlight">spall</span> and the generation of Lg waves
Journal Article

Seismic source representations for spall Available to Purchase

Steven M. Day, Keith L. McLaughlin
Published: 01 February 1991
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (1991) 81 (1): 191–201.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0810010191
...Steven M. Day; Keith L. McLaughlin Abstract Spall may be a significant secondary source of seismic waves from underground explosions. The proper representation of spall as a seismic source is important for forward and inverse modeling of explosions for yield estimation and discrimination studies...
View PDF for article title, Seismic source representations for <span class="search-highlight">spall</span>
Purchase
Add to Citation Manager for Seismic source representations for <span class="search-highlight">spall</span>
Journal Article

Characterization of spall from observed strong ground motions on Pahute Mesa Available to Purchase

Howard J. Patton
Published: 01 October 1990
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (1990) 80 (5): 1326–1345.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0800051326
...Howard J. Patton Abstract Ground motion velocity and acceleration data recorded within the spall region on over 30 Pahute Mesa explosions have been analyzed for characterization of the spall source. These data provide observations of peak spall velocities and the spatial extent of spall from which...
View PDF for article title, Characterization of <span class="search-highlight">spall</span> from observed strong ground motions on Pahute Mesa
Purchase
Add to Citation Manager for Characterization of <span class="search-highlight">spall</span> from observed strong ground motions on Pahute Mesa
Journal Article

Constraints on explosive sources with spall from near-source waveforms Available to Purchase

Brian W. Stump
Published: 01 April 1985
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (1985) 75 (2): 361–377.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0750020361
...Brian W. Stump Abstract Spall, the tensile failure of a material due to high stress loading, has been observed in a number of contained and surface explosions. The phenomenon results in a repartition of the initial spherical explosion energy source, yielding a second energy source which...
View PDF for article title, Constraints on explosive sources with <span class="search-highlight">spall</span> from near-source waveforms
Purchase
Add to Citation Manager for Constraints on explosive sources with <span class="search-highlight">spall</span> from near-source waveforms
Journal Article

Surface waves from underground explosions with spall: Analysis of elastic and nonlinear source models Available to Purchase

Steven M. Day, Norton Rimer, J. Theodore Cherry
Published: 01 February 1983
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (1983) 73 (1): 247–264.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0730010247
...Steven M. Day; Norton Rimer; J. Theodore Cherry abstract Anomalous surface wave observations from underground explosions have been widely attributed to the phenomenon of spall, i.e., the detachment and subsequent slapdown of near-surface layers in response to explosion-induced tensile stresses. We...
View PDF for article title, Surface waves from underground explosions with <span class="search-highlight">spall</span>: Analysis of elastic and nonlinear source models
Purchase
Add to Citation Manager for Surface waves from underground explosions with <span class="search-highlight">spall</span>: Analysis of elastic and nonlinear source models
Journal Article

Spalled quartz overgrowths as a potential source of silt Available to Purchase

Stephen K. Kennedy, Fehmi Arikan
Published: 01 May 1990
Journal of Sedimentary Research (1990) 60 (3): 438–444.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1306/212F91B5-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D
... O values (12.3 and 12.8 per mil, respectively) and silt that was angular, commonly displayed crystal faces, and had higher delta 18 O values (14.3 and 14.9 per mil, respectively). These results indicate that the silt was produced by spalling quartz overgrowths. This process was more efficient...
View PDF for article title, <span class="search-highlight">Spalled</span> quartz overgrowths as a potential source of silt
Purchase
Add to Citation Manager for <span class="search-highlight">Spalled</span> quartz overgrowths as a potential source of silt
Journal Article

A new Pliosaurus species (Sauropterygia, Plesiosauria) from the Upper Jurassic of Patagonia: new insights on the Tithonian morphological disparity of mandibular symphyseal morphology Available to Purchase

José P. O’Gorman, Zulma Gasparini, Luis A. Spalletti
Published: 01 February 2018
Journal of Paleontology (2018) 92 (2): 240–253.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2017.82
FIGURES | View All (7)
View PDF for article title, A new Pliosaurus species (Sauropterygia, Plesiosauria) from the Upper Jurassic of Patagonia: new insights on the Tithonian morphological disparity of mandibular symphyseal morphology
Purchase
Add to Citation Manager for A new Pliosaurus species (Sauropterygia, Plesiosauria) from the Upper Jurassic of Patagonia: new insights on the Tithonian morphological disparity of mandibular symphyseal morphology
Journal Article

Sequence stratigraphy of a tidally dominated carbonate–siliciclastic ramp; the Tithonian–Early Berriasian of the Southern Neuquén Basin, Argentina Available to Purchase

LUIS A. SPALLETTI, JUAN R. FRANZESE, SERGIO D. MATHEOS, ERNESTO SCHWARZ
Published: 01 March 2000
Journal of the Geological Society (2000) 157 (2): 433–446.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs.157.2.433
FIGURES | View All (8)
View PDF for article title, Sequence stratigraphy of a tidally dominated carbonate–siliciclastic ramp; the Tithonian–Early Berriasian of the Southern Neuquén Basin, Argentina
Purchase
Add to Citation Manager for Sequence stratigraphy of a tidally dominated carbonate–siliciclastic ramp; the Tithonian–Early Berriasian of the Southern Neuquén Basin, Argentina
Image
Spall thickness d as a function of depth of burial, dob, and explosion yield w. Only V73 has depth dependence so it is plotted separately in (a) in which the values for d (0.1, 0.5, 1, 2) are listed below the curves. The &lt;w, dob&gt; for the SPE shots are called out with circles in (a) and arrows in (b).

Spall thickness d as a function of depth of burial, dob, and explosio... Available to Purchase

Published: 25 February 2020
Figure 15. Spall thickness d as a function of depth of burial, dob, and explosion yield w . Only V73 has depth dependence so it is plotted separately in (a) in which the values for d (0.1, 0.5, 1, 2) are listed below the curves. The < w , dob> for the SPE shots
Image
Source functions for (a) SPE‐5 spall (vertical point force at surface) and (b) explosion (isotropic point source). The range in (a) is given by the mass estimates from V73 (red) and S78 (orange). The range in (b) is given by the variance in observed reduced displacement potential from E. Rougier (personal comm., 2019).

Source functions for (a) SPE‐5 spall (vertical point force at surface) and ... Available to Purchase

Published: 25 February 2020
Figure 18. Source functions for (a) SPE‐5 spall (vertical point force at surface) and (b) explosion (isotropic point source). The range in (a) is given by the mass estimates from V73 (red) and S78 (orange). The range in (b) is given by the variance in observed reduced displacement potential from
Image
Spall peak velocity near‐GZ as a function of scaled depth of burial (sdob) for the various models presented in Table 3. V73 and S78 were estimated from s via equation (3). The callout points indicate the sdob for each SPE shot, in which SPE‐2, 3, and 5 are all near 500  m/kt1/3.

Spall peak velocity near‐GZ as a function of scaled depth of burial (sdob) ... Available to Purchase

Published: 25 February 2020
Figure 13. Spall peak velocity near‐GZ as a function of scaled depth of burial (sdob) for the various models presented in Table  3 . V73 and S78 were estimated from s via equation  (3) . The callout points indicate the sdob for each SPE shot, in which SPE‐2, 3, and 5 are all near 500
Image
Spall gap width s as a function of scaled depth of burial. PB75 and P89 were estimated from v via equation (5). The estimates from near‐GZ stations for SPE‐1 (GZ) and SPE‐4, 5, and 6 (A13) are called out by SPE shot number.

Spall gap width s as a function of scaled depth of burial. PB75 and P... Available to Purchase

Published: 25 February 2020
Figure 16. Spall gap width s as a function of scaled depth of burial. PB75 and P89 were estimated from v via equation  (5) . The estimates from near‐GZ stations for SPE‐1 (GZ) and SPE‐4, 5, and 6 (A13) are called out by SPE shot number.
Image
Spall lateral extent r as a function of explosion yield. The arrows indicate the yield for each SPE shot, in which SPE‐1 and 4, and SPE‐2 and 3 have similar yields so they overlap. TNT, trinitrotoluene.

Spall lateral extent r as a function of explosion yield. The arrows i... Available to Purchase

Published: 25 February 2020
Figure 14. Spall lateral extent r as a function of explosion yield. The arrows indicate the yield for each SPE shot, in which SPE‐1 and 4, and SPE‐2 and 3 have similar yields so they overlap. TNT, trinitrotoluene.
Image
(a) Spall rise time with little dependence on scaled range. The average log rise time for each event is shown as a labeled line. (b) Spall rise time as a function of yield. The mean model is given by the black line and its confidence by the dashed gray lines. For comparison a simple cube root scaled time model is given by the solid gray line.

(a) Spall rise time with little dependence on scaled range. The average log... Available to Purchase

Published: 25 February 2020
Figure 20. (a) Spall rise time with little dependence on scaled range. The average log rise time for each event is shown as a labeled line. (b) Spall rise time as a function of yield. The mean model is given by the black line and its confidence by the dashed gray lines. For comparison a simple
Image
Abundance of spall scars on an outcrop surface seen in the immediate aftermath of the September 2010 Fourmile Canyon Fire, near Boulder (Colorado, USA). The rock surface is fire blackened except where centimeter-thick flakes have spalled by thermally driven critical cracking. The rock debris that was generated is scattered around the base of the outcrop.

Abundance of spall scars on an outcrop surface seen in the immediate afterm... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 August 2019
Figure 5. Abundance of spall scars on an outcrop surface seen in the immediate aftermath of the September 2010 Fourmile Canyon Fire, near Boulder (Colorado, USA). The rock surface is fire blackened except where centimeter-thick flakes have spalled by thermally driven critical cracking. The rock
Image
Estimated spall Green’s functions for the three atmospheric models, for four SPE events. The Green’s functions are convolved with a Gaussian (center frequency of 5 Hz) for display purposes, and we only plot the Green’s functions for the first station of each array (Stations IS51, IS61, IS71, and IS81), of increasing radial distance from the source. (a) SPE‐2, (b) SPE‐3, (c) SPE‐5, and (d) SPE‐6. For each SPE event and each station, we plot the three Green’s functions, one for each atmospheric model, that corresponds to the 10‐yr‐average model (black), and the two extrema models (blue and red). For each station, the Green’s function is normalized to the maximum amplitude of the Green’s function estimated using the 10‐yr‐average atmospheric model. For each event/station, the time series are trace‐normalized to the maximum amplitude of the 10‐yr‐average Green’s function.

Estimated spall Green’s functions for the three atmospheric models, for fou... Available to Purchase

Published: 26 December 2018
Figure 7. Estimated spall Green’s functions for the three atmospheric models, for four SPE events. The Green’s functions are convolved with a Gaussian (center frequency of 5 Hz) for display purposes, and we only plot the Green’s functions for the first station of each array (Stations IS51, IS61
Image
(a) The estimated spall‐source term in which the data and Green’s functions were filtered to 1–6 Hz passband prior to the inversion (red) and when the data and Green’s functions were not filtered prior to the inversion (blue). (b) The same estimated spall terms as in (a) but with a postinversion 1–6 Hz passband filter applied. Note that in (a) and (b) the blue and red curves are virtually atop one another. (c) The observed data (gray), data predicted using the spall‐source term estimated from preinversion filtered data and Green’s functions (red), and the spall‐source term estimated from unfiltered data and Green’s functions (blue). (d) Same as (c), but with a 1–6 Hz passband filter applied. As with (a) and (b), the red and blue curves are virtually on top of each other.

(a) The estimated spall‐source term in which the data and Green’s functions... Available to Purchase

Published: 26 December 2018
Figure 5. (a) The estimated spall‐source term in which the data and Green’s functions were filtered to 1–6 Hz passband prior to the inversion (red) and when the data and Green’s functions were not filtered prior to the inversion (blue). (b) The same estimated spall terms
Image
Cracking and spall from the 2017 calculation. (a) Regions of tensile cracking shown as crack strains together with the locations of the seismic records shown below. (b) Vertical, radial, and tangential velocity records at the four locations shown above. The constant slope in the first 1.5 s indicates spall.

Cracking and spall from the 2017 calculation. (a) Regions of tensile cracki... Available to Purchase

Published: 15 August 2018
Figure 5. Cracking and spall from the 2017 calculation. (a) Regions of tensile cracking shown as crack strains together with the locations of the seismic records shown below. (b) Vertical, radial, and tangential velocity records at the four locations shown above. The constant slope in the first
Image
(a) Load stage LS48 for wall TW4: concrete spall-off at the web edge. (b) Final condition of TW4: the relevant out-of-plane displacements that occurred during the test cannot be observed in the final collapsed state. (c) Close-up of rebar buckling after failure.

(a) Load stage LS48 for wall TW4: concrete spall-off at the web edge. (b) F... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 February 2017
Figure 7. (a) Load stage LS48 for wall TW4: concrete spall-off at the web edge. (b) Final condition of TW4: the relevant out-of-plane displacements that occurred during the test cannot be observed in the final collapsed state. (c) Close-up of rebar buckling after failure.