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GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Africa
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Central Africa
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Angola (1)
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East Africa
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Tanzania
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Olduvai Gorge (1)
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Zambia (1)
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East African Lakes
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Zimbabwe
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West Africa
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South Atlantic
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Atlantic Ocean Islands
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Atlantic region (4)
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Australasia
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C-13/C-12 (82)
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O-18/O-16 (72)
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S-34/S-32 (16)
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Lu/Hf (2)
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metals
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strontium
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (18)
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aluminum
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Hf-177/Hf-176 (7)
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iron (13)
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (6)
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platinum ores (3)
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Sm-147/Nd-144 (2)
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nitrogen
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N-15/N-14 (5)
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noble gases
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helium
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krypton
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neon
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radon
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oxygen
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O-18/O-16 (72)
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phosphorus (5)
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S-34/S-32 (16)
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Carnivora
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Cetacea
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Proboscidea
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Mastodontoidea
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Rodentia (5)
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Thecodontia
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Synapsida
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Cloudina (1)
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Graptolithina
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Ptychopariida (1)
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Redlichiida (1)
-
-
-
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Brachiopoda
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Articulata
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Orthida (1)
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Rhynchonellida (1)
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Spiriferida
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Cyrtospirifer (1)
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Spiriferidina
-
Spiriferidae (1)
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-
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Strophomenida (1)
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Terebratulida (1)
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Inarticulata (1)
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Bryozoa
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Cheilostomata (2)
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Trepostomata (2)
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Cnidaria
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Anthozoa
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Octocorallia (1)
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Zoantharia
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Corallimorpharia (1)
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Rugosa (2)
-
-
-
Hydrozoa (1)
-
-
Echinodermata
-
Asterozoa
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Stelleroidea
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Ophiuroidea (2)
-
-
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Crinozoa
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Blastoidea (1)
-
Crinoidea (9)
-
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Echinozoa
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Echinoidea (2)
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Edrioasteroidea (1)
-
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Homalozoa
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Stylophora (1)
-
-
-
Mollusca
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Bivalvia
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Palaeoheterodonta
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Unionidae (1)
-
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Pterioida
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Pteriina
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Anthraconaia (1)
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Inocerami
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Inoceramidae (2)
-
-
-
-
-
Cephalopoda
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Ammonoidea
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Ammonites (1)
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Goniatitida (1)
-
-
Coleoidea
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Belemnoidea
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Belemnitidae (1)
-
-
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Nautiloidea (4)
-
-
Gastropoda
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Neogastropoda
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Muricidae (1)
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Hyolithes (1)
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Polyplacophora (3)
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Scaphopoda (1)
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Tentaculitida (1)
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Porifera
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Demospongea (1)
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Stromatoporoidea (1)
-
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Protista
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Foraminifera
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Fusulinina
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Fusulinidae (3)
-
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Rotaliina
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Globigerinacea
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Globigerinidae
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Globigerina (1)
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Orbulina (1)
-
-
Globorotaliidae
-
Globorotalia (1)
-
-
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Nodosariacea
-
Nodosariidae
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Lenticulina (1)
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Nodosaria (1)
-
-
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Orbitoidacea
-
Lepidocyclina (1)
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Rotaliacea
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Ammonia (1)
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Elphidium (1)
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Heterostegina
-
Heterostegina depressa (1)
-
-
Miogypsinidae
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Miogypsina (1)
-
-
Nummulitidae
-
Nummulites
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Operculina (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Textulariina
-
Lituolacea
-
Ammobaculites (1)
-
Lituolidae
-
Haplophragmoides (1)
-
-
Trochammina (1)
-
-
-
-
Radiolaria (6)
-
-
Vermes
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Annelida (1)
-
Polychaeta
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Serpulidae (2)
-
-
Priapulida (1)
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scolecodonts (3)
-
-
-
Metazoa (2)
-
microfossils
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Charophyta (3)
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Chitinozoa (7)
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Conodonta
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Idiognathodus (1)
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Neognathodus (1)
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Palmatolepis (3)
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Streptognathodus (1)
-
-
Fusulinina
-
Fusulinidae (3)
-
-
problematic microfossils (1)
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scolecodonts (3)
-
-
palynomorphs
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acritarchs (10)
-
Chitinozoa (7)
-
Dinoflagellata
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Deflandrea (1)
-
-
megaspores (1)
-
miospores
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pollen (19)
-
-
-
Plantae
-
algae
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calcareous algae (1)
-
Chlorophyta
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Charophyta (3)
-
-
Coccolithophoraceae (2)
-
diatoms (6)
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nannofossils (4)
-
Rhodophyta
-
Corallinaceae
-
Lithothamnium (1)
-
-
-
-
Pteridophyta
-
Filicopsida
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Archaeopteris (1)
-
Pecopteris (1)
-
-
Lycopsida
-
Lepidodendron (1)
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Sigillaria (1)
-
-
Sphenopsida
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Equisetales
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Calamites (2)
-
-
-
-
Spermatophyta
-
Angiospermae
-
Dicotyledoneae
-
Nothofagus (1)
-
-
Monocotyledoneae
-
Gramineae (2)
-
-
-
Gymnospermae
-
Coniferales (3)
-
Cordaitales
-
Cordaites (2)
-
-
Pteridospermae (6)
-
-
-
-
problematic fossils
-
problematic microfossils (1)
-
-
Pterobranchia (4)
-
thallophytes (4)
-
tracks (4)
-
trails (1)
-
-
geochronology methods
-
(U-Th)/He (12)
-
Ar/Ar (39)
-
exposure age (6)
-
fission-track dating (14)
-
infrared stimulated luminescence (1)
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K/Ar (6)
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Lu/Hf (2)
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optically stimulated luminescence (8)
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paleomagnetism (29)
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Pb/Pb (3)
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Pb/Th (1)
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radiation damage (3)
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Rb/Sr (6)
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Re/Os (2)
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Sm/Nd (1)
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tephrochronology (7)
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Th/U (3)
-
thermochronology (16)
-
thermoluminescence (2)
-
tree rings (1)
-
U/Pb (86)
-
U/Th/Pb (4)
-
uranium disequilibrium (3)
-
-
geologic age
-
Cenozoic
-
Bronze Age (2)
-
Glenns Ferry Formation (1)
-
Iron Age (1)
-
middle Cenozoic (1)
-
Quaternary
-
Cordilleran ice sheet (1)
-
Holocene
-
lower Holocene (2)
-
Medieval Warm Period (1)
-
Middle Ages (1)
-
middle Holocene (3)
-
Neoglacial (1)
-
upper Holocene
-
Roman period (1)
-
-
-
Pleistocene
-
Blackwater Draw Formation (2)
-
Champlain Sea (2)
-
Illinoian (1)
-
Lake Agassiz (1)
-
Loveland Loess (1)
-
lower Pleistocene (4)
-
upper Pleistocene
-
Lake Iroquois (1)
-
Sangamonian (1)
-
Weichselian
-
upper Weichselian
-
Allerod (1)
-
Bolling (1)
-
Younger Dryas (4)
-
-
-
Wisconsinan
-
middle Wisconsinan (1)
-
upper Wisconsinan
-
Fraser Glaciation (1)
-
-
-
-
-
upper Quaternary
-
Pinedale Glaciation (1)
-
-
-
Tertiary
-
Challis Volcanics (1)
-
Florissant Lake Beds (1)
-
John Day Formation (1)
-
lower Tertiary (1)
-
middle Tertiary (1)
-
Muddy Creek Formation (2)
-
Neogene
-
Etchegoin Formation (1)
-
Miocene
-
Aragonian (1)
-
Ash Hollow Formation (2)
-
Barstovian (1)
-
lower Miocene
-
Aquitanian (1)
-
Burdigalian (2)
-
Hemingfordian (1)
-
-
middle Miocene
-
Langhian (2)
-
Serravallian (1)
-
-
Oficina Formation (1)
-
upper Miocene
-
Messinian (1)
-
Pannonian (1)
-
Tortonian (1)
-
Turolian (1)
-
-
Vallesian (1)
-
-
Ogallala Formation (2)
-
Pliocene
-
lower Pliocene (2)
-
middle Pliocene (1)
-
upper Pliocene (1)
-
-
Sisquoc Formation (1)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Calvert Bluff Formation (1)
-
Claron Formation (1)
-
Eocene
-
Absaroka Supergroup (2)
-
Annot Sandstone (1)
-
Avon Park Formation (1)
-
Bridgerian (2)
-
Golden Valley Formation (1)
-
Green River Formation (9)
-
Lake Gosiute (2)
-
Lookingglass Formation (1)
-
lower Eocene
-
Wasatchian (3)
-
Willwood Formation (3)
-
-
middle Eocene
-
Laney Shale Member (1)
-
Lutetian (1)
-
Santee Limestone (1)
-
Tyee Formation (1)
-
-
Mission Valley Formation (1)
-
Swauk Formation (1)
-
upper Eocene
-
Chadronian (2)
-
Priabonian (1)
-
-
Wilkins Peak Member (2)
-
-
Ilerdian (1)
-
lower Paleogene (1)
-
Oligocene
-
Creede Formation (1)
-
Glendon Limestone (1)
-
lower Oligocene (2)
-
middle Oligocene
-
Marianna Limestone (1)
-
-
upper Oligocene
-
Chattian (1)
-
-
Vicksburg Group (1)
-
-
Paleocene
-
Clayton Formation (1)
-
lower Paleocene
-
Danian (1)
-
K-T boundary (1)
-
-
Midway Group (1)
-
Tongue River Member (1)
-
Tullock Member (1)
-
upper Paleocene
-
Clarkforkian (1)
-
Tiffanian (2)
-
-
-
Renova Formation (2)
-
Sespe Formation (1)
-
Wasatch Formation (2)
-
Wilcox Group (1)
-
-
Shahejie Formation (3)
-
-
upper Cenozoic
-
Romanian (1)
-
-
-
Laurentide ice sheet (9)
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Alisitos Formation (1)
-
Blairmore Group (1)
-
Comanchean
-
Buda Limestone (1)
-
Edwards Formation (1)
-
Paluxy Formation (1)
-
Rodessa Formation (3)
-
-
Dakota Formation (4)
-
Hue Shale (1)
-
Kuskokwim Group (1)
-
Logan Canyon Formation (2)
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Agrio Formation (1)
-
Albian
-
upper Albian (2)
-
-
Aptian (2)
-
Barremian (1)
-
Blackleaf Formation (2)
-
Bluesky Formation (1)
-
Cadomin Formation (2)
-
Edwards Formation (1)
-
Kiowa Formation (1)
-
Missisauga Formation (3)
-
Mowry Shale (4)
-
Muddy Sandstone (1)
-
Paluxy Formation (1)
-
Rodessa Formation (3)
-
Spirit River Formation (1)
-
Torok Formation (1)
-
Yingcheng Formation (1)
-
-
Mancos Shale (3)
-
Middle Cretaceous (4)
-
Nanushuk Group (1)
-
Nenjiang Formation (1)
-
Potomac Group (1)
-
Qingshankou Formation (2)
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Almond Formation (1)
-
Belle Fourche Shale (1)
-
Belly River Formation (2)
-
Blackhawk Formation (2)
-
Buda Limestone (1)
-
Campanian
-
Cerro del Pueblo Formation (1)
-
Dinosaur Park Formation (1)
-
lower Campanian (1)
-
upper Campanian (1)
-
-
Cardium Formation (3)
-
Carlile Shale (1)
-
Castlegate Sandstone (1)
-
Cenomanian
-
Dunvegan Formation (1)
-
-
Dawson Canyon Formation (2)
-
Djadokhta Formation (1)
-
Eagle Sandstone (1)
-
Eutaw Formation (1)
-
Ferron Sandstone Member (1)
-
Frontier Formation (3)
-
Fruitland Formation (1)
-
Greenhorn Limestone (2)
-
Gulfian
-
Aguja Formation (1)
-
Austin Chalk (1)
-
Eagle Ford Formation (6)
-
Olmos Formation (1)
-
Woodbine Formation (1)
-
-
Hell Creek Formation (1)
-
Horseshoe Canyon Formation (1)
-
Javelina Formation (1)
-
Judith River Formation (1)
-
K-T boundary (1)
-
La Luna Formation (1)
-
Lewis Shale (1)
-
Maestrichtian
-
lower Maestrichtian (2)
-
upper Maestrichtian (1)
-
-
Mesaverde Group (2)
-
Milk River Formation (2)
-
Niobrara Formation (1)
-
Ojo Alamo Sandstone (1)
-
Pierre Shale (2)
-
Prince Creek Formation (3)
-
Ripley Formation (1)
-
Rosario Formation (2)
-
Santonian (3)
-
Schrader Bluff Formation (1)
-
Senonian (13)
-
Star Point Sandstone (1)
-
Straight Cliffs Formation (1)
-
Sussex Sandstone Member (1)
-
Tropic Shale (1)
-
Turonian
-
middle Turonian (1)
-
-
Tuscaloosa Formation (3)
-
Two Medicine Formation (2)
-
Wahweap Formation (3)
-
Williams Fork Formation (1)
-
-
Vraconian (1)
-
-
Franciscan Complex (4)
-
Great Valley Sequence (3)
-
Jurassic
-
Arapien Shale (1)
-
Carmel Formation (2)
-
Coast Range Ophiolite (1)
-
Kingak Shale (1)
-
Lower Jurassic
-
East Berlin Formation (1)
-
Hettangian (2)
-
Toarcian (1)
-
upper Liassic (1)
-
-
Mic Mac Formation (2)
-
Middle Jurassic
-
Bajocian (1)
-
Bathonian (1)
-
-
Posidonia Shale (1)
-
Twin Creek Limestone (2)
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Arab Formation (1)
-
Bossier Formation (1)
-
Cotton Valley Group (1)
-
Entrada Sandstone (1)
-
Galice Formation (1)
-
Josephine Ophiolite (1)
-
Kimmeridge Clay (1)
-
Kimmeridgian (1)
-
Naknek Formation (1)
-
Schuler Formation (1)
-
Smackover Formation (3)
-
Sundance Formation (1)
-
Tithonian (1)
-
-
-
lower Mesozoic (5)
-
Moenave Formation (3)
-
Navajo Sandstone (1)
-
Newark Supergroup (6)
-
Nugget Sandstone (2)
-
Passaic Formation (3)
-
Triassic
-
Hawkesbury Sandstone (1)
-
Lower Triassic
-
Dinwoody Formation (1)
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (3)
-
Spathian (1)
-
-
Middle Triassic
-
Anisian (2)
-
-
Moenkopi Formation (2)
-
Montney Formation (1)
-
Narrabeen Group (2)
-
Red Peak Formation (1)
-
Shublik Formation (1)
-
Upper Triassic
-
Carnian
-
Ischigualasto Formation (1)
-
-
Chinle Formation (13)
-
Lockatong Formation (2)
-
Mercia Mudstone (2)
-
Norian (8)
-
Petrified Forest Member (2)
-
Redonda Formation (1)
-
Rhaetian (2)
-
Shinarump Member (2)
-
Yanchang Formation (8)
-
-
-
upper Mesozoic (2)
-
Vaca Muerta Formation (3)
-
Wingate Sandstone (1)
-
Yanshanian (3)
-
-
MIS 2 (1)
-
MIS 3 (2)
-
MIS 5 (1)
-
Paleozoic
-
Arbuckle Group (1)
-
Bedford Shale (1)
-
Berea Sandstone (3)
-
Bird Spring Formation (1)
-
Cambrian
-
Acadian (6)
-
Bonanza King Formation (1)
-
Carrara Formation (1)
-
Conasauga Group (2)
-
Lower Cambrian
-
Chilhowee Group (2)
-
Gog Group (1)
-
Kinzers Formation (1)
-
Poleta Formation (1)
-
Rome Formation (2)
-
Terreneuvian (1)
-
-
Middle Cambrian
-
Burgess Shale (1)
-
-
Upper Cambrian
-
Copper Ridge Dolomite (1)
-
Eau Claire Formation (3)
-
Franconia Formation (1)
-
Furongian
-
Jiangshanian (2)
-
Paibian (1)
-
-
Galesville Sandstone (1)
-
Lamotte Sandstone (1)
-
Mount Simon Sandstone (3)
-
Orr Formation (1)
-
Potsdam Sandstone (4)
-
Steptoean (1)
-
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Albert Formation (1)
-
Benxi Formation (1)
-
Huanglong Formation (1)
-
Jackfork Group (1)
-
Lower Carboniferous
-
Asbian (1)
-
Dinantian (4)
-
-
Mississippian
-
Barnett Shale (6)
-
Boone Formation (2)
-
Chainman Shale (1)
-
Lower Mississippian
-
Cuyahoga Formation (2)
-
Lodgepole Formation (3)
-
Osagian
-
Burlington Limestone (3)
-
Keokuk Limestone (1)
-
-
Pocono Formation (3)
-
Tournaisian (2)
-
-
Madison Group (3)
-
Middle Mississippian
-
Visean
-
upper Visean (1)
-
-
-
Mission Canyon Limestone (1)
-
Price Formation (2)
-
Redwall Limestone (1)
-
Sunbury Shale (1)
-
Upper Mississippian
-
Chesterian
-
Imo Formation (3)
-
-
Fayetteville Formation (4)
-
Greenbrier Limestone (3)
-
Heath Formation (1)
-
Mauch Chunk Formation (5)
-
Meramecian
-
Saint Louis Limestone (1)
-
Salem Limestone (2)
-
-
Pennington Formation (1)
-
Pitkin Limestone (1)
-
Serpukhovian (1)
-
-
Valmeyeran (1)
-
Windsor Group (1)
-
-
Namurian (1)
-
Pennsylvanian
-
Brazil Formation (1)
-
Conemaugh Group (5)
-
Hermosa Group (1)
-
Kittanning Formation (1)
-
Lower Pennsylvanian
-
Caseyville Formation (1)
-
Gizzard Group (1)
-
Morrowan (1)
-
New River Formation (1)
-
Pocahontas Formation (1)
-
-
Mary Lee Coal (2)
-
Middle Pennsylvanian
-
Allegheny Group (9)
-
Atokan
-
Atoka Formation (1)
-
-
Carbondale Formation (1)
-
Desmoinesian
-
Cherokee Group (1)
-
Marmaton Group (1)
-
-
Kanawha Formation (2)
-
Moscovian (4)
-
Paradox Formation (3)
-
Staunton Formation (2)
-
Tradewater Formation (1)
-
-
Monongahela Group (5)
-
Morrow Formation (1)
-
Pittsburgh Coal (3)
-
Pottsville Group (7)
-
Red Fork Sandstone (1)
-
Saginaw Formation (1)
-
Strawn Series (1)
-
Upper Pennsylvanian
-
Ames Limestone (2)
-
Cisco Group (1)
-
Glenshaw Formation (2)
-
Gzhelian (4)
-
Kasimovian (3)
-
Missourian
-
Kansas City Group (2)
-
Lansing Group (1)
-
-
Virgilian (2)
-
Wescogame Formation (1)
-
-
Wapanucka Limestone (1)
-
Watahomigi Formation (1)
-
-
Springer Formation (1)
-
Upper Carboniferous
-
Stephanian (2)
-
Westphalian (2)
-
-
-
Catskill Formation (4)
-
Chattanooga Shale (4)
-
Cow Head Group (1)
-
Devonian
-
Genesee Group (1)
-
Lower Devonian
-
Emsian (5)
-
Littleton Formation (1)
-
Lochkovian (3)
-
Oriskany Sandstone (23)
-
Pragian (3)
-
-
Middle Devonian
-
Columbus Limestone (1)
-
Delaware Limestone (1)
-
Detroit River Group (2)
-
Dundee Limestone (3)
-
Eifelian (5)
-
Elk Point Group (1)
-
Givetian
-
upper Givetian (1)
-
-
Hamilton Group (6)
-
Mahantango Formation (4)
-
Marcellus Shale (39)
-
Moscow Formation (1)
-
Onondaga Limestone (15)
-
Sylvania Formation (1)
-
Tioga Bentonite (4)
-
Tully Limestone (7)
-
-
Millboro Shale (1)
-
Muth Quartzite (1)
-
Old Red Sandstone (5)
-
Popovich Formation (1)
-
Slave Point Formation (1)
-
Thirtyone Formation (1)
-
Traverse Group (1)
-
Upper Devonian
-
Brallier Shale (1)
-
Canadaway Group (2)
-
Chemung Formation (4)
-
Famennian
-
lower Famennian (1)
-
upper Famennian (2)
-
-
Frasnian (8)
-
Hampshire Formation (3)
-
Huron Member (1)
-
Jefferson Group (1)
-
Ohio Shale (3)
-
Olentangy Shale (1)
-
Palliser Formation (1)
-
Sonyea Group (1)
-
-
Zlichovian (1)
-
-
Dunkard Group (6)
-
Ellis Bay Formation (1)
-
Hartland Formation (1)
-
Helderberg Group (4)
-
Honaker Trail Formation (1)
-
Keyser Limestone (1)
-
Knox Group (9)
-
lower Paleozoic
-
Ashe Formation (1)
-
Cape Phillips Formation (1)
-
Conococheague Formation (1)
-
Rose Run Sandstone (3)
-
Wilmington Complex (1)
-
-
Maroon Formation (1)
-
middle Paleozoic
-
Hillabee Chlorite Schist (1)
-
-
New Albany Shale (5)
-
Ordovician
-
Chickamauga Group (1)
-
Eureka Quartzite (2)
-
Lexington Limestone (1)
-
Lower Ordovician
-
Arenigian (1)
-
Beekmantown Group (5)
-
Ellenburger Group (1)
-
Floian (1)
-
Tremadocian (1)
-
-
Majiagou Formation (1)
-
Martinsburg Formation (5)
-
Middle Ordovician
-
Black River Group (5)
-
Bromide Formation (1)
-
Chazyan (2)
-
Dapingian (1)
-
Darriwilian (1)
-
Deicke Bentonite Bed (1)
-
Galena Dolomite (1)
-
Millbrig Bentonite Bed (1)
-
Normanskill Formation (2)
-
Platteville Formation (1)
-
Saint Peter Sandstone (1)
-
Table Head Group (1)
-
Whiterockian (1)
-
-
Pogonip Group (1)
-
Trenton Group (13)
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Ashgillian (2)
-
Caradocian (1)
-
Cincinnatian
-
Richmondian (2)
-
-
Fairview Formation (2)
-
Hirnantian (5)
-
Juniata Formation (1)
-
Katian (10)
-
Kope Formation (2)
-
Maquoketa Formation (1)
-
Mohawkian (1)
-
Queenston Shale (2)
-
Red River Formation (1)
-
Reedsville Formation (2)
-
Sandbian (2)
-
Trentonian (8)
-
Whitewater Formation (1)
-
Wufeng Formation (9)
-
-
Utica Shale (11)
-
Viola Limestone (2)
-
-
Paganzo Group (1)
-
Permian
-
Coconino Sandstone (1)
-
Cutler Formation (1)
-
Ecca Group (4)
-
Eskridge Shale (1)
-
Guadalupian
-
Bell Canyon Formation (1)
-
Brushy Canyon Formation (1)
-
Capitan Formation (1)
-
Cherry Canyon Formation (1)
-
Delaware Mountain Group (2)
-
Wordian (1)
-
-
Kaibab Formation (2)
-
Longtan Formation (3)
-
Lower Permian
-
Abo Formation (1)
-
Cherry Canyon Formation (1)
-
Cisuralian
-
Asselian (1)
-
Sakmarian (1)
-
-
Leonardian
-
Bone Spring Limestone (1)
-
Clear Fork Group (1)
-
-
Qixia Formation (1)
-
Wolfcampian
-
Hueco Limestone (1)
-
-
-
Lyons Sandstone (1)
-
Maokou Formation (1)
-
Meade Peak Member (1)
-
Middle Permian (1)
-
Park City Formation (1)
-
Retort Phosphatic Shale Member (1)
-
Rotliegendes (2)
-
Stearns Shale (1)
-
Toroweap Formation (1)
-
Upper Permian
-
Changxing Formation (1)
-
Kazanian (1)
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (3)
-
Zechstein (1)
-
-
Whitehill Formation (1)
-
-
Petersburg Granite (1)
-
Pilot Shale (1)
-
Rangeley Formation (1)
-
Road River Formation (2)
-
Sauk Sequence (3)
-
Shawangunk Formation (2)
-
Silurian
-
Bass Islands Dolomite (1)
-
Lockport Formation (2)
-
Lower Silurian
-
Grimsby Sandstone (1)
-
Llandovery
-
Rhuddanian (1)
-
-
Qalibah Formation (1)
-
Tuscarora Formation (7)
-
Wenlock
-
Homerian (2)
-
-
Whirlpool Sandstone (3)
-
-
Middle Silurian
-
Clinton Group (4)
-
Keefer Sandstone (2)
-
McKenzie Formation (2)
-
Rose Hill Formation (1)
-
-
Niagaran (5)
-
Upper Silurian
-
Cayugan
-
Tonoloway Limestone (3)
-
Williamsport Sandstone (1)
-
-
Ludlow (3)
-
Pridoli (3)
-
Salina Group (8)
-
-
-
Supai Formation (2)
-
Taiyuan Formation (1)
-
Talladega Group (1)
-
upper Paleozoic
-
Antrim Shale (2)
-
Bakken Formation (1)
-
Dwyka Formation (1)
-
Fountain Formation (1)
-
Kaskaskia Sequence (1)
-
Kiaman Superchron (1)
-
Shanxi Formation (1)
-
-
Wissahickon Formation (2)
-
Woodford Shale (5)
-
-
Phanerozoic (6)
-
Precambrian
-
Adirondack Anorthosite (1)
-
Archean
-
J-M Reef (1)
-
Mesoarchean (1)
-
Napier Complex (1)
-
-
Baltimore Gneiss (1)
-
Catoctin Formation (1)
-
Chuar Group (2)
-
Great Smoky Group (1)
-
Johnnie Formation (1)
-
Kingston Peak Formation (2)
-
Nonesuch Shale (2)
-
Noonday Dolomite (2)
-
Pahrump Series (3)
-
Stillwater Complex (2)
-
Stirling Quartzite (3)
-
Uinta Mountain Group (2)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Bitter Springs Formation (1)
-
Huronian
-
Gowganda Formation (1)
-
-
Keweenawan
-
Copper Harbor Conglomerate (1)
-
-
Lewisian (1)
-
Mesoproterozoic
-
Aldridge Formation (1)
-
Belt Supergroup (1)
-
Helena Formation (1)
-
Revett Quartzite (1)
-
Wallace Formation (1)
-
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Cryogenian (3)
-
Ediacaran (8)
-
Lynchburg Formation (1)
-
Riphean (1)
-
Sturtian (1)
-
Tonian (1)
-
Vendian (3)
-
Walden Creek Group (1)
-
-
Oronto Group (1)
-
Paleoproterozoic (6)
-
Windermere System (2)
-
-
-
-
-
igneous rocks
-
igneous rocks
-
carbonatites (2)
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granophyre (2)
-
kimberlite (5)
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plutonic rocks
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anorthosite (2)
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diabase (3)
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diorites
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quartz diorites (2)
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tonalite (3)
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trondhjemite (1)
-
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gabbros
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norite (1)
-
-
granites
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alkali granites (1)
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A-type granites (2)
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charnockite (2)
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I-type granites (1)
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leucogranite (1)
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monzogranite (1)
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rapakivi (1)
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S-type granites (1)
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two-mica granite (1)
-
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granodiorites (2)
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lamproite (2)
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lamprophyres
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minette (1)
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monzonites
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mangerite (1)
-
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pegmatite (9)
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ultramafics
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chromitite (2)
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peridotites
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harzburgite (2)
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lherzolite (3)
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spinel lherzolite (1)
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spinel peridotite (1)
-
-
pyroxenite (4)
-
-
-
porphyry
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vitrophyre (1)
-
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volcanic rocks
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adakites (1)
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andesites (4)
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basalts
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alkali basalts (1)
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flood basalts (2)
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ocean-island basalts (1)
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shoshonite (1)
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tholeiite (1)
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tholeiitic basalt (1)
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trap rocks (1)
-
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dacites (2)
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glasses
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obsidian (1)
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pitchstone (1)
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volcanic glass (1)
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pyroclastics
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ignimbrite (4)
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pumice (1)
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tuff (11)
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welded tuff (1)
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rhyolites (7)
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vitrophyre (1)
-
-
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ophiolite (6)
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volcanic ash (4)
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metamorphic rocks
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K-bentonite (4)
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metabentonite (1)
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metamorphic rocks
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amphibolites (6)
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cataclasites (3)
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eclogite (5)
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gneisses
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orthogneiss (2)
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paragneiss (5)
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marbles (8)
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metaigneous rocks
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metabasalt (1)
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metabasite (1)
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metasedimentary rocks
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metachert (1)
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metasomatic rocks
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skarn (4)
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metavolcanic rocks (2)
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migmatites
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mylonites
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blastomylonite (1)
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phyllites (3)
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quartzites (3)
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schists
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blueschist (1)
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greenschist (1)
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greenstone (1)
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-
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ophiolite (6)
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turbidite (16)
-
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meteorites
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meteorites
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stony meteorites
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chondrites (1)
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-
-
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minerals
-
alloys (2)
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arsenates (1)
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arsenides
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arsenopyrite (1)
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sperrylite (1)
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arsenites (1)
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bismuthides (1)
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borates
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szaibelyite (1)
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carbonates
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ankerite (1)
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aragonite (3)
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calcite (19)
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dolomite (13)
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magnesian calcite (1)
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siderite (3)
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smithsonite (1)
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sphaerosiderite (3)
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trona (1)
-
-
halides
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chlorides
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carnallite (1)
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halite (1)
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kainite (1)
-
-
fluorides (2)
-
-
K-bentonite (4)
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metabentonite (1)
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minerals (1)
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molybdates
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powellite (1)
-
-
native elements
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diamond (1)
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onyx (1)
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oxides
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aluminum oxides (1)
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anatase (1)
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brannerite (1)
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chromite (3)
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chrysoberyl (1)
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cryptomelane (1)
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gibbsite (1)
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hydroxides
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iron hydroxides (1)
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oxyhydroxides (1)
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ilmenite (4)
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iron oxides (3)
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manganese oxides (2)
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niobates
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aeschynite (2)
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pyrochlore (1)
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perovskite (1)
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pyrolusite (1)
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rutile (4)
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spinel (2)
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spinel group (1)
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phosphates
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apatite (20)
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monazite (8)
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struvite (1)
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turquoise (1)
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platinum minerals (1)
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silicates
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asbestos (2)
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chain silicates
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amphibole group
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alkalic amphibole (1)
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clinoamphibole
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hornblende (4)
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tremolite (1)
-
-
-
pyroxene group
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clinopyroxene
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diopside (2)
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orthopyroxene (2)
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-
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feldspathoids (1)
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framework silicates
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feldspar group
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alkali feldspar
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anorthoclase (1)
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K-feldspar (6)
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sanidine (3)
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plagioclase
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albite (1)
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-
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silica minerals
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agate (1)
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amethyst (1)
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carnelian (1)
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chalcedony (1)
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chrysoprase (1)
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coesite (1)
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cristobalite (1)
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jasper (2)
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moganite (1)
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opal
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opal-A (1)
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opal-CT (1)
-
-
quartz
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smoky quartz (1)
-
-
-
zeolite group
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analcime (1)
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mordenite (1)
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-
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garnierite (1)
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orthosilicates
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nesosilicates
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andalusite (1)
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chloritoid (1)
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garnet group
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almandine (1)
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pyrope (1)
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spessartine (1)
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kyanite (2)
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olivine group
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fayalite (1)
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olivine (3)
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-
phenakite group
-
willemite (1)
-
-
sillimanite (3)
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titanite group
-
titanite (2)
-
-
zircon group
-
zircon (80)
-
-
-
sorosilicates
-
bertrandite (2)
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chevkinite group
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chevkinite (1)
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perrierite (2)
-
-
epidote group
-
allanite (2)
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epidote (3)
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piemontite (1)
-
-
-
-
ring silicates
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aquamarine (1)
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beryl (6)
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cordierite (1)
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emerald (3)
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tourmaline group
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schorl (1)
-
-
-
sheet silicates
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chlorite group
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chamosite (1)
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chlorite (9)
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sudoite (2)
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clay minerals
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dickite (1)
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nontronite (1)
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illite (18)
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mica group
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biotite (8)
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fluor-phlogopite (1)
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glauconite (1)
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muscovite (5)
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paragonite (1)
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phengite (1)
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pyrophyllite (2)
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sepiolite (2)
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serpentine group
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serpentine (1)
-
-
tosudite (1)
-
-
-
sulfates
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alunite (2)
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barite (5)
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celestine (2)
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gypsum (4)
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iron sulfates (1)
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jarosite (2)
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polyhalite (1)
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schwertmannite (1)
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sulfides
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acanthite (1)
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argentite (1)
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arsenopyrite (1)
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bismuthinite (1)
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bornite (1)
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marcasite (1)
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sulfarsenites
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sulfobismuthites
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berryite (1)
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matildite (1)
-
-
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tungstates
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ferberite (1)
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scheelite (1)
-
-
uranium minerals (1)
-
vanadates
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carnotite (1)
-
-
-
Primary terms
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absolute age (157)
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academic institutions (2)
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Africa
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Central Africa
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East Africa
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pyroxenite (4)
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porphyry
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volcanic rocks
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dacites (2)
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glasses
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pyroclastics
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rhyolites (7)
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vitrophyre (1)
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inclusions
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fluid inclusions (26)
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Indian Ocean
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Red Sea
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industrial minerals (2)
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Integrated Ocean Drilling Program
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Expedition 313
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IODP Site M0027 (1)
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IODP Site M0029 (1)
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intrusions (64)
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Invertebrata
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Archaeocyatha (1)
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Chelicerata
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Merostomata
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Mandibulata
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Ostracoda
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Podocopida (1)
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Insecta
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Exopterygota
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Dermaptera (1)
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Myriapoda (1)
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Brachiopoda
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Articulata
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Strophomenida (1)
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Inarticulata (1)
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Hydrozoa (1)
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Echinodermata
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Asterozoa
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Crinozoa
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Homalozoa
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Stylophora (1)
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Mollusca
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Bivalvia
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Palaeoheterodonta
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Cephalopoda
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Ammonoidea
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Coleoidea
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Gastropoda
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Muricidae (1)
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Hyolithes (1)
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Porifera
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Protista
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Foraminifera
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Fusulinina
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Rotaliina
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Globorotaliidae
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Globorotalia (1)
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Nodosariacea
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Nodosariidae
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Orbitoidacea
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Lepidocyclina (1)
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Ammonia (1)
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Heterostegina depressa (1)
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Miogypsinidae
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Miogypsina (1)
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Nummulitidae
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Nummulites
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Operculina (1)
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-
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Textulariina
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Lituolacea
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Ammobaculites (1)
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Lituolidae
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Haplophragmoides (1)
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Trochammina (1)
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Radiolaria (6)
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Vermes
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Annelida (1)
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Polychaeta
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Serpulidae (2)
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Priapulida (1)
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scolecodonts (3)
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isostasy (5)
-
isotopes
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radioactive isotopes
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Al-26 (4)
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Sm-147/Nd-144 (2)
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-
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stable isotopes
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Ar-36 (1)
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Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
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C-13 (1)
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C-13/C-12 (82)
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Cl-37/Cl-35 (1)
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Cu-65 (2)
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D/H (14)
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He-4 (1)
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Hf-177/Hf-176 (7)
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Kr-84 (1)
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Mg-25/Mg-24 (1)
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Mg-26/Mg-24 (1)
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N-15/N-14 (5)
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (4)
-
Ne-21 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (72)
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Os-188/Os-187 (1)
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (6)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (5)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (2)
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Re-187/Os-188 (1)
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S-34/S-32 (16)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (2)
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (18)
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Zn-66 (1)
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kaolin deposits (1)
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lineation (5)
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maps (50)
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mathematical geology (1)
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Mediterranean region
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Aegean Islands
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Greek Aegean Islands
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Cyclades
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Naxos (1)
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Tinos (1)
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Dodecanese
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Rhodes (1)
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-
-
-
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Mediterranean Sea
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East Mediterranean
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Aegean Sea (1)
-
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Mediterranean Ridge (1)
-
West Mediterranean
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Valencia Trough (1)
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-
-
Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
-
Alisitos Formation (1)
-
Blairmore Group (1)
-
Comanchean
-
Buda Limestone (1)
-
Edwards Formation (1)
-
Paluxy Formation (1)
-
Rodessa Formation (3)
-
-
Dakota Formation (4)
-
Hue Shale (1)
-
Kuskokwim Group (1)
-
Logan Canyon Formation (2)
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Agrio Formation (1)
-
Albian
-
upper Albian (2)
-
-
Aptian (2)
-
Barremian (1)
-
Blackleaf Formation (2)
-
Bluesky Formation (1)
-
Cadomin Formation (2)
-
Edwards Formation (1)
-
Kiowa Formation (1)
-
Missisauga Formation (3)
-
Mowry Shale (4)
-
Muddy Sandstone (1)
-
Paluxy Formation (1)
-
Rodessa Formation (3)
-
Spirit River Formation (1)
-
Torok Formation (1)
-
Yingcheng Formation (1)
-
-
Mancos Shale (3)
-
Middle Cretaceous (4)
-
Nanushuk Group (1)
-
Nenjiang Formation (1)
-
Potomac Group (1)
-
Qingshankou Formation (2)
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Almond Formation (1)
-
Belle Fourche Shale (1)
-
Belly River Formation (2)
-
Blackhawk Formation (2)
-
Buda Limestone (1)
-
Campanian
-
Cerro del Pueblo Formation (1)
-
Dinosaur Park Formation (1)
-
lower Campanian (1)
-
upper Campanian (1)
-
-
Cardium Formation (3)
-
Carlile Shale (1)
-
Castlegate Sandstone (1)
-
Cenomanian
-
Dunvegan Formation (1)
-
-
Dawson Canyon Formation (2)
-
Djadokhta Formation (1)
-
Eagle Sandstone (1)
-
Eutaw Formation (1)
-
Ferron Sandstone Member (1)
-
Frontier Formation (3)
-
Fruitland Formation (1)
-
Greenhorn Limestone (2)
-
Gulfian
-
Aguja Formation (1)
-
Austin Chalk (1)
-
Eagle Ford Formation (6)
-
Olmos Formation (1)
-
Woodbine Formation (1)
-
-
Hell Creek Formation (1)
-
Horseshoe Canyon Formation (1)
-
Javelina Formation (1)
-
Judith River Formation (1)
-
K-T boundary (1)
-
La Luna Formation (1)
-
Lewis Shale (1)
-
Maestrichtian
-
lower Maestrichtian (2)
-
upper Maestrichtian (1)
-
-
Mesaverde Group (2)
-
Milk River Formation (2)
-
Niobrara Formation (1)
-
Ojo Alamo Sandstone (1)
-
Pierre Shale (2)
-
Prince Creek Formation (3)
-
Ripley Formation (1)
-
Rosario Formation (2)
-
Santonian (3)
-
Schrader Bluff Formation (1)
-
Senonian (13)
-
Star Point Sandstone (1)
-
Straight Cliffs Formation (1)
-
Sussex Sandstone Member (1)
-
Tropic Shale (1)
-
Turonian
-
middle Turonian (1)
-
-
Tuscaloosa Formation (3)
-
Two Medicine Formation (2)
-
Wahweap Formation (3)
-
Williams Fork Formation (1)
-
-
Vraconian (1)
-
-
Franciscan Complex (4)
-
Great Valley Sequence (3)
-
Jurassic
-
Arapien Shale (1)
-
Carmel Formation (2)
-
Coast Range Ophiolite (1)
-
Kingak Shale (1)
-
Lower Jurassic
-
East Berlin Formation (1)
-
Hettangian (2)
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Toarcian (1)
-
upper Liassic (1)
-
-
Mic Mac Formation (2)
-
Middle Jurassic
-
Bajocian (1)
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Bathonian (1)
-
-
Posidonia Shale (1)
-
Twin Creek Limestone (2)
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Arab Formation (1)
-
Bossier Formation (1)
-
Cotton Valley Group (1)
-
Entrada Sandstone (1)
-
Galice Formation (1)
-
Josephine Ophiolite (1)
-
Kimmeridge Clay (1)
-
Kimmeridgian (1)
-
Naknek Formation (1)
-
Schuler Formation (1)
-
Smackover Formation (3)
-
Sundance Formation (1)
-
Tithonian (1)
-
-
-
lower Mesozoic (5)
-
Moenave Formation (3)
-
Navajo Sandstone (1)
-
Newark Supergroup (6)
-
Nugget Sandstone (2)
-
Passaic Formation (3)
-
Triassic
-
Hawkesbury Sandstone (1)
-
Lower Triassic
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Dinwoody Formation (1)
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (3)
-
Spathian (1)
-
-
Middle Triassic
-
Anisian (2)
-
-
Moenkopi Formation (2)
-
Montney Formation (1)
-
Narrabeen Group (2)
-
Red Peak Formation (1)
-
Shublik Formation (1)
-
Upper Triassic
-
Carnian
-
Ischigualasto Formation (1)
-
-
Chinle Formation (13)
-
Lockatong Formation (2)
-
Mercia Mudstone (2)
-
Norian (8)
-
Petrified Forest Member (2)
-
Redonda Formation (1)
-
Rhaetian (2)
-
Shinarump Member (2)
-
Yanchang Formation (8)
-
-
-
upper Mesozoic (2)
-
Vaca Muerta Formation (3)
-
Wingate Sandstone (1)
-
Yanshanian (3)
-
-
metal ores
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antimony ores (1)
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arsenic ores (1)
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base metals (2)
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beryllium ores (1)
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bismuth ores (1)
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chromite ores (1)
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cobalt ores (2)
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copper ores (19)
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gold ores (13)
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IOCG deposits (1)
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iron ores (3)
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lead ores (8)
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lead-zinc deposits (9)
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lithium ores (2)
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manganese ores (3)
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molybdenum ores (5)
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nickel ores (2)
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platinum ores (3)
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polymetallic ores (3)
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pyrite ores (1)
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rare earth deposits (2)
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silver ores (5)
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strontium ores (1)
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tin ores (2)
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titanium ores (1)
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tungsten ores (3)
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uranium ores (5)
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zinc ores (9)
-
-
metals
-
actinides
-
thorium
-
Th-230 (1)
-
-
uranium
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U-234 (1)
-
U-238 (1)
-
-
-
alkali metals
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cesium
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Cs-137 (1)
-
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lithium (4)
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potassium (7)
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rubidium (1)
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sodium (2)
-
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alkaline earth metals
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barium (3)
-
beryllium
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Be-10 (10)
-
Be-10/Be-9 (1)
-
-
calcium (5)
-
magnesium
-
Mg-25/Mg-24 (1)
-
Mg-26/Mg-24 (1)
-
-
radium
-
Ra-226 (2)
-
Ra-228/Ra-226 (1)
-
-
strontium
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (18)
-
-
-
aluminum
-
Al-26 (4)
-
-
arsenic (4)
-
bismuth (2)
-
cadmium (2)
-
chromium (4)
-
copper
-
Cu-65 (2)
-
-
gold (1)
-
hafnium
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (7)
-
-
iron (13)
-
lead
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (6)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (5)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (2)
-
Pb-210 (2)
-
-
manganese (6)
-
molybdenum (3)
-
nickel (4)
-
niobium (1)
-
platinum group
-
osmium
-
Os-188/Os-187 (1)
-
Re-187/Os-188 (1)
-
-
platinum ores (3)
-
-
rare earths
-
cerium (1)
-
europium (1)
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (4)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (2)
-
-
samarium
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (2)
-
-
scandium (1)
-
yttrium (4)
-
-
rhenium
-
Re-187/Os-188 (1)
-
-
silver (2)
-
thallium (1)
-
titanium (4)
-
vanadium (5)
-
zinc
-
Zn-65 (1)
-
Zn-66 (1)
-
-
zirconium (1)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
amphibolites (6)
-
cataclasites (3)
-
eclogite (5)
-
gneisses
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orthogneiss (2)
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paragneiss (5)
-
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marbles (8)
-
metaigneous rocks
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metabasalt (1)
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metabasite (1)
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metadacite (1)
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metagabbro (2)
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metagranite (1)
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metarhyolite (1)
-
serpentinite (1)
-
-
metasedimentary rocks
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metachert (1)
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metapelite (4)
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metasandstone (1)
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-
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metasomatic rocks
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serpentinite (1)
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skarn (4)
-
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metavolcanic rocks (2)
-
migmatites
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anatexite (2)
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mylonites
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blastomylonite (1)
-
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phyllites (3)
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quartzites (3)
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schists
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blueschist (1)
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greenschist (1)
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greenstone (1)
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metamorphism (52)
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metasomatism (27)
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meteorites
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chondrites (1)
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meteorology (1)
-
Mexico
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Baja California Sur Mexico
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Vizcaino Peninsula (1)
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Chiapas Mexico (2)
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Coahuila Mexico (1)
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Guanajuato Mexico (1)
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Michoacan Mexico (1)
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Nuevo Leon Mexico (2)
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Sonora Mexico (5)
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Veracruz Mexico (1)
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-
micropaleontology (1)
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mineral deposits, genesis (50)
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mineral exploration (18)
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mining geology (5)
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Mohorovicic discontinuity (5)
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Moon (2)
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museums (5)
-
nitrogen
-
N-15/N-14 (5)
-
-
noble gases
-
argon
-
Ar-36 (1)
-
Ar-40 (2)
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
-
-
helium
-
He-4 (1)
-
-
krypton
-
Kr-84 (1)
-
-
neon
-
Ne-21 (1)
-
-
radon
-
Rn-222 (1)
-
-
-
nodules (1)
-
nonmetal deposits (2)
-
North America
-
Appalachian Basin (84)
-
Appalachians
-
Allegheny Mountains (2)
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Appalachian Plateau (28)
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Blue Ridge Mountains (5)
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Blue Ridge Province (13)
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Catskill Mountains (1)
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Central Appalachians (26)
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Cumberland Plateau (2)
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Great Appalachian Valley (1)
-
Northern Appalachians (5)
-
Piedmont
-
Inner Piedmont (6)
-
-
Southern Appalachians (22)
-
Valley and Ridge Province (20)
-
-
Basin and Range Province
-
Great Basin (8)
-
-
Canadian Shield
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Churchill Province
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Hearne Province (1)
-
-
Grenville Province
-
Central Gneiss Belt (1)
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Central Metasedimentary Belt (2)
-
-
Slave Province (2)
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Superior Province
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Abitibi Belt (1)
-
-
-
Eastern Overthrust Belt (1)
-
Great Lakes
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Lake Erie (3)
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Lake Huron (1)
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Lake Michigan (2)
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Lake Ontario (3)
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Lake Superior (1)
-
-
Great Lakes region (4)
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Great Plains
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Northern Great Plains (2)
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Southern Great Plains (2)
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Grenville Front (1)
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Gulf Coastal Plain (20)
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Keweenawan Rift (1)
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Kootenay Arc (1)
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Michigan Basin (16)
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North American Cordillera
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Canadian Cordillera (2)
-
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North American Craton (3)
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Ogilvie Mountains (1)
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Purcell Mountains (1)
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Rio Grande Rift (3)
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Rocky Mountains
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Canadian Rocky Mountains (7)
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Central Rocky Mountains (1)
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Northern Rocky Mountains (2)
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U. S. Rocky Mountains
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Absaroka Range
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Beartooth Mountains (1)
-
-
Bitterroot Range
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Beaverhead Mountains (3)
-
-
Bridger Range (3)
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Laramie Mountains (1)
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Little Belt Mountains (1)
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Owl Creek Mountains (1)
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San Juan Mountains (1)
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Uinta Mountains (2)
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Wasatch Range (1)
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Wet Mountains (1)
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Wind River Range (1)
-
-
-
Rocky Mountains foreland (1)
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Saint Pierre and Miquelon (1)
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Sonoran Desert (2)
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Strait of Georgia (1)
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Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (9)
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Western Interior
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Western Interior Seaway (10)
-
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Williston Basin (9)
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Yakutat Terrane (4)
-
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Northern Hemisphere (1)
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ocean basins (1)
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ocean circulation (1)
-
Ocean Drilling Program
-
Leg 108
-
ODP Site 659 (1)
-
ODP Site 661 (1)
-
ODP Site 667 (1)
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Leg 110
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ODP Site 672 (1)
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Leg 122
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ODP Site 763 (2)
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Leg 130
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ODP Site 807 (1)
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Leg 154
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ODP Site 925 (1)
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ODP Site 926 (1)
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Leg 166
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ODP Site 1006 (1)
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ODP Site 1007 (1)
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Leg 174A
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ODP Site 1073 (1)
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Leg 174AX (1)
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Leg 177
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ODP Site 1090 (1)
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Leg 208
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ODP Site 1262 (1)
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ocean floors (14)
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Oceania
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oceanography (2)
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Pacific region
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Paleozoic
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Acadian (6)
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Lower Cambrian
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Middle Cambrian
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Upper Cambrian
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Copper Ridge Dolomite (1)
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Eau Claire Formation (3)
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Franconia Formation (1)
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Furongian
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Galesville Sandstone (1)
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-
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Carboniferous
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Albert Formation (1)
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Benxi Formation (1)
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Huanglong Formation (1)
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Jackfork Group (1)
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Lower Carboniferous
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Asbian (1)
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Mississippian
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Barnett Shale (6)
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Boone Formation (2)
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Lower Mississippian
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Cuyahoga Formation (2)
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Lodgepole Formation (3)
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Osagian
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Pocono Formation (3)
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Tournaisian (2)
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Madison Group (3)
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Middle Mississippian
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Visean
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upper Visean (1)
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-
-
Mission Canyon Limestone (1)
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Price Formation (2)
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Upper Mississippian
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Chesterian
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Imo Formation (3)
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Fayetteville Formation (4)
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Heath Formation (1)
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Mauch Chunk Formation (5)
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Meramecian
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Pennington Formation (1)
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Serpukhovian (1)
-
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Valmeyeran (1)
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Namurian (1)
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Pennsylvanian
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Brazil Formation (1)
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Kittanning Formation (1)
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Lower Pennsylvanian
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Caseyville Formation (1)
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New River Formation (1)
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Pocahontas Formation (1)
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Mary Lee Coal (2)
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Middle Pennsylvanian
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Allegheny Group (9)
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Atokan
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Atoka Formation (1)
-
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Carbondale Formation (1)
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Desmoinesian
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Cherokee Group (1)
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Marmaton Group (1)
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Kanawha Formation (2)
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Moscovian (4)
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Paradox Formation (3)
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Staunton Formation (2)
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Tradewater Formation (1)
-
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Monongahela Group (5)
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Morrow Formation (1)
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Pittsburgh Coal (3)
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Pottsville Group (7)
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Red Fork Sandstone (1)
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Saginaw Formation (1)
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Strawn Series (1)
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Upper Pennsylvanian
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Ames Limestone (2)
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Cisco Group (1)
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Glenshaw Formation (2)
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Gzhelian (4)
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Kasimovian (3)
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Missourian
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Kansas City Group (2)
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Lansing Group (1)
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Virgilian (2)
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Wescogame Formation (1)
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Wapanucka Limestone (1)
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Watahomigi Formation (1)
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-
Springer Formation (1)
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Upper Carboniferous
-
Stephanian (2)
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Westphalian (2)
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-
-
Catskill Formation (4)
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Chattanooga Shale (4)
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Devonian
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Genesee Group (1)
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Lower Devonian
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Emsian (5)
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Oriskany Sandstone (23)
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Middle Devonian
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Givetian
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upper Givetian (1)
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-
Hamilton Group (6)
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Mahantango Formation (4)
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Marcellus Shale (39)
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Moscow Formation (1)
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Onondaga Limestone (15)
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Sylvania Formation (1)
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Tioga Bentonite (4)
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Millboro Shale (1)
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Traverse Group (1)
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Upper Devonian
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Brallier Shale (1)
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Chemung Formation (4)
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Famennian
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lower Famennian (1)
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Frasnian (8)
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Olentangy Shale (1)
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Palliser Formation (1)
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Sonyea Group (1)
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-
Zlichovian (1)
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Dunkard Group (6)
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Ellis Bay Formation (1)
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Hartland Formation (1)
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Helderberg Group (4)
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Honaker Trail Formation (1)
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Keyser Limestone (1)
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Knox Group (9)
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lower Paleozoic
-
Ashe Formation (1)
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Cape Phillips Formation (1)
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Conococheague Formation (1)
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Rose Run Sandstone (3)
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Wilmington Complex (1)
-
-
Maroon Formation (1)
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middle Paleozoic
-
Hillabee Chlorite Schist (1)
-
-
New Albany Shale (5)
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Ordovician
-
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Lower Ordovician
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-
-
Majiagou Formation (1)
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Martinsburg Formation (5)
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Middle Ordovician
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Chazyan (2)
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Darriwilian (1)
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Deicke Bentonite Bed (1)
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Normanskill Formation (2)
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Saint Peter Sandstone (1)
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Whiterockian (1)
-
-
Pogonip Group (1)
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Upper Ordovician
-
Ashgillian (2)
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Cincinnatian
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-
-
Fairview Formation (2)
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Katian (10)
-
Kope Formation (2)
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Maquoketa Formation (1)
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Mohawkian (1)
-
Queenston Shale (2)
-
Red River Formation (1)
-
Reedsville Formation (2)
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Sandbian (2)
-
Trentonian (8)
-
Whitewater Formation (1)
-
Wufeng Formation (9)
-
-
Utica Shale (11)
-
Viola Limestone (2)
-
-
Paganzo Group (1)
-
Permian
-
Coconino Sandstone (1)
-
Cutler Formation (1)
-
Ecca Group (4)
-
Eskridge Shale (1)
-
Guadalupian
-
Bell Canyon Formation (1)
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Brushy Canyon Formation (1)
-
Capitan Formation (1)
-
Cherry Canyon Formation (1)
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Delaware Mountain Group (2)
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Wordian (1)
-
-
Kaibab Formation (2)
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Longtan Formation (3)
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Lower Permian
-
Abo Formation (1)
-
Cherry Canyon Formation (1)
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Cisuralian
-
Asselian (1)
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Sakmarian (1)
-
-
Leonardian
-
Bone Spring Limestone (1)
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Clear Fork Group (1)
-
-
Qixia Formation (1)
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Wolfcampian
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Hueco Limestone (1)
-
-
-
Lyons Sandstone (1)
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Maokou Formation (1)
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Meade Peak Member (1)
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Middle Permian (1)
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Park City Formation (1)
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Retort Phosphatic Shale Member (1)
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Rotliegendes (2)
-
Stearns Shale (1)
-
Toroweap Formation (1)
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Upper Permian
-
Changxing Formation (1)
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Kazanian (1)
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Permian-Triassic boundary (3)
-
Zechstein (1)
-
-
Whitehill Formation (1)
-
-
Petersburg Granite (1)
-
Pilot Shale (1)
-
Rangeley Formation (1)
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Road River Formation (2)
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Sauk Sequence (3)
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Shawangunk Formation (2)
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Silurian
-
Bass Islands Dolomite (1)
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Lockport Formation (2)
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Lower Silurian
-
Grimsby Sandstone (1)
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Llandovery
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Rhuddanian (1)
-
-
Qalibah Formation (1)
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Tuscarora Formation (7)
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Wenlock
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Homerian (2)
-
-
Whirlpool Sandstone (3)
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-
Middle Silurian
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Clinton Group (4)
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Keefer Sandstone (2)
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McKenzie Formation (2)
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Rose Hill Formation (1)
-
-
Niagaran (5)
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Upper Silurian
-
Cayugan
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Tonoloway Limestone (3)
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Williamsport Sandstone (1)
-
-
Ludlow (3)
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Pridoli (3)
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Salina Group (8)
-
-
-
Supai Formation (2)
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Taiyuan Formation (1)
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Talladega Group (1)
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upper Paleozoic
-
Antrim Shale (2)
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Dwyka Formation (1)
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Kaskaskia Sequence (1)
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Kiaman Superchron (1)
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Shanxi Formation (1)
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Wissahickon Formation (2)
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Woodford Shale (5)
-
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palynology (1)
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Dinoflagellata
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Deflandrea (1)
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paragenesis (24)
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Plantae
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Chlorophyta
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Charophyta (3)
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Coccolithophoraceae (2)
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Rhodophyta
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Corallinaceae
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Lithothamnium (1)
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-
-
-
Pteridophyta
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Filicopsida
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Archaeopteris (1)
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Pecopteris (1)
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Lycopsida
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Lepidodendron (1)
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Sigillaria (1)
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Sphenopsida
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Equisetales
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Calamites (2)
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-
-
-
Spermatophyta
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Angiospermae
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Dicotyledoneae
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Nothofagus (1)
-
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Monocotyledoneae
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Gramineae (2)
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-
-
Gymnospermae
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Coniferales (3)
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Cordaitales
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Cordaites (2)
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Pteridospermae (6)
-
-
-
-
plate tectonics (107)
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pollution (44)
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Precambrian
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Adirondack Anorthosite (1)
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Archean
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J-M Reef (1)
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Mesoarchean (1)
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Napier Complex (1)
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-
Baltimore Gneiss (1)
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Catoctin Formation (1)
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Chuar Group (2)
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Great Smoky Group (1)
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Johnnie Formation (1)
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Kingston Peak Formation (2)
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Nonesuch Shale (2)
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Noonday Dolomite (2)
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Pahrump Series (3)
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Stillwater Complex (2)
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Stirling Quartzite (3)
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Uinta Mountain Group (2)
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upper Precambrian
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Proterozoic
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Bitter Springs Formation (1)
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Huronian
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Gowganda Formation (1)
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-
Keweenawan
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Copper Harbor Conglomerate (1)
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-
Lewisian (1)
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Mesoproterozoic
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Aldridge Formation (1)
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Belt Supergroup (1)
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Helena Formation (1)
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Revett Quartzite (1)
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Wallace Formation (1)
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-
Neoproterozoic
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Cryogenian (3)
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Ediacaran (8)
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Lynchburg Formation (1)
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Riphean (1)
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Sturtian (1)
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Tonian (1)
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Vendian (3)
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Walden Creek Group (1)
-
-
Oronto Group (1)
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Paleoproterozoic (6)
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Windermere System (2)
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-
-
-
problematic fossils
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Pterobranchia (4)
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chert (11)
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clastic rocks
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arenite
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arkose (3)
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coal
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gas shale (10)
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sedimentary structures
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biogenic structures
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sedimentation (126)
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South America
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southwestern Pennsylvania
Lithostratigraphy and Petrophysics of the Devonian Marcellus Interval in West Virginia and Southwestern Pennsylvania Available to Purchase
Abstract In the Appalachian basin, the Middle Devonian organic-rich shale interval, including the Marcellus Shale, is an important target for exploration. This unconventional gas reservoir is widespread across the basin and has the potential to produce large volumes of gas (estimated to have up to 1,307 trillion cubic feet of recoverable gas). Although the Middle Devonian organic-rich shale interval has significant economic potential, stratigraphic distribution, depositional patterns and petrophysical characteristics have not been adequately characterized in the subsurface. Based on log characteristics, tied to core information, the lithostratigraphic boundaries of the Marcellus and associated units were established and correlated throughout West Virginia and southwestern Pennsylvania. Digital well logs (LAS files) were used to generate estimates of lithology and to identify zones of higher gas content across the study area. In addition, a lithologic solution was calibrated to X-ray Diffraction (XRD) data. Using previous studies on organic shale, relationships between the natural radioactivity (as measured by the gamma-ray log) were incorporated with techniques to identify gas-prone intervals. The comparison between the Uranium content and the measured bulk density identified intervals in the Marcellus having high gas saturations and were used to generate an approach to correct water saturations. These techniques of identifying lithology and potential gas in the Marcellus are useful to identify areas of higher exploration potential and to target zones for fracture stimulation or to land a horizontal leg.
Abstract DNAG Transect E-3. Part of GSA’s DNAG Continent-Ocean Transect Series, this transect contains all or most of the following: free-air gravity and magnetic anomaly profiles, heat flow measurements, geologic cross section with no vertical exaggeration, multi-channel seismic reflection profiles, tectonic kindred cross section with vertical exaggeration, geologic map, stratigraphic diagram, and an index map. All transects are on a scale of 1:500,000.