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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Africa
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Texas
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metal ores
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aluminum ores (1)
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antimony ores (3)
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arsenic ores (4)
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base metals (20)
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beryllium ores (2)
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cobalt ores (9)
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gold ores (88)
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lead-zinc deposits (26)
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niobium ores (2)
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ruthenium ores (3)
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silver ores (38)
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strontium ores (1)
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tellurium ores (2)
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thorium ores (1)
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titanium ores (1)
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zinc ores (35)
-
-
mineral deposits, genesis (196)
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mineral exploration (93)
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oil and gas fields (100)
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shale oil (6)
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phosphate deposits (2)
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placers
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potash (2)
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quartz crystal (1)
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ruby (5)
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tight sands (5)
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water resources (4)
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zeolite deposits (1)
-
-
elements, isotopes
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boron
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B-11/B-10 (5)
-
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carbon
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C-13 (1)
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C-13/C-12 (106)
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C-14 (35)
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organic carbon (26)
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chemical elements (2)
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chemical ratios (19)
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halogens
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chloride ion (1)
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Cl-36 (2)
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Cl-37/Cl-35 (2)
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fluorine (6)
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iodine (2)
-
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hydrogen
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D/H (38)
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deuterium (8)
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tritium (3)
-
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isotope ratios (295)
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isotopes
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radioactive isotopes
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Al-26 (3)
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Ar-40/Ar-39 (5)
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Be-10 (14)
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Be-10/Be-9 (2)
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C-14 (35)
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Cl-36 (2)
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Cs-137 (1)
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (27)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (19)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (15)
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Pb-210 (1)
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Re-187/Os-188 (4)
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Sm-147/Nd-144 (6)
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Tc-99 (1)
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tritium (3)
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-
U-238/U-234 (1)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
Ar-36 (1)
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (5)
-
B-11/B-10 (5)
-
Be-10/Be-9 (2)
-
C-13 (1)
-
C-13/C-12 (106)
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Ca-44/Ca-40 (3)
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Cl-37/Cl-35 (2)
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Cu-65 (1)
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D/H (38)
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deuterium (8)
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Hf-177/Hf-176 (29)
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Li-7/Li-6 (3)
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N-15/N-14 (1)
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (43)
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Ne-22/Ne-21 (1)
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O-18/O-16 (137)
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Os-188/Os-187 (8)
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (27)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (19)
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Pb-207/Pb-206 (6)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (15)
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Pb-208/Pb-206 (1)
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Re-187/Os-188 (4)
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S-33/S-32 (2)
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S-34/S-32 (38)
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Si-30/Si-28 (1)
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Sm-147/Nd-144 (6)
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (72)
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Xe-136/Xe-130 (1)
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large-ion lithophile elements (3)
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metals
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actinides
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uranium
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U-238/Pb-206 (1)
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alkali metals
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cesium
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Cs-137 (1)
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lithium
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potassium (10)
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alkaline earth metals
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barium (7)
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beryllium
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Be-10 (14)
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Be-10/Be-9 (2)
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calcium
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Ca-44/Ca-40 (3)
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Sr/Ca (2)
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magnesium (10)
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strontium
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Sr/Ca (2)
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (72)
-
-
-
aluminum
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Al-26 (3)
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antimony (2)
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arsenic (8)
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bismuth (3)
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copper
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Cu-65 (1)
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gallium (2)
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gold (16)
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hafnium
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Hf-177/Hf-176 (29)
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indium (1)
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iron
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ferric iron (1)
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ferrous iron (2)
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lead
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (27)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (19)
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Pb-207/Pb-206 (6)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (15)
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Pb-208/Pb-206 (1)
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Pb-210 (1)
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U-238/Pb-206 (1)
-
-
manganese (3)
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niobium (3)
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platinum group
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iridium (7)
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iridium ores (3)
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osmium
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Os-188/Os-187 (8)
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Re-187/Os-188 (4)
-
-
osmium ores (3)
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palladium (10)
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palladium ores (6)
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platinum (8)
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rhodium (3)
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precious metals (11)
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rare earths
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cerium (4)
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lanthanum (3)
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lutetium (3)
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neodymium
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (43)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (6)
-
-
samarium
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (6)
-
-
scandium (6)
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ytterbium (3)
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yttrium (7)
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rhenium
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Re-187/Os-188 (4)
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silver (4)
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technetium
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Tc-99 (1)
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tin (2)
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zinc (5)
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zirconium (2)
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nitrogen
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N-15/N-14 (1)
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noble gases
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argon
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Ar-36 (1)
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Ar-40/Ar-39 (5)
-
-
helium
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He-4 (1)
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He-4/He-3 (4)
-
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neon
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Ne-22/Ne-21 (1)
-
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radon (1)
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xenon
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Xe-136/Xe-130 (1)
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-
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oxygen
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O-18/O-16 (137)
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phosphorus (3)
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silicon
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Si-30/Si-28 (1)
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sulfur
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S-33/S-32 (2)
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S-34/S-32 (38)
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fossils
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Sarcopterygii
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Placodermi (2)
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Tetrapoda
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Labyrinthodontia
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Lissamphibia
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Caudata
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Aves
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Mammalia
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Multituberculata (12)
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Artiodactyla
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Ruminantia
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Bison
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Bison occidentalis (1)
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Cervidae
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Cervus (1)
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Carnivora
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Fissipeda
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Chiroptera (1)
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Condylarthra (5)
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Insectivora
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Dermoptera (1)
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Proteutheria
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Scandentia (1)
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Lagomorpha
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-
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Perissodactyla
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Hippomorpha
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Equidae
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Equus (2)
-
-
-
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Primates
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Hominidae (1)
-
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Proboscidea
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Elephantoidea
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Elephantidae
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Mammuthus (1)
-
-
-
-
Rodentia
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Myomorpha
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Cricetidae
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Neotoma (1)
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-
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Sciuromorpha
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Sciuridae (1)
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-
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Taeniodonta (2)
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Ungulata (1)
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Metatheria
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Marsupialia
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Polyprotodontia
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Reptilia
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Diapsida
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Ornithischia
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Ornithopoda
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Saurischia
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Theropoda
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Carnosauria
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Allosaurus (1)
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Coelurosauria
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Dromaeosauridae (2)
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Tyrannosaurus rex (2)
-
-
-
-
-
-
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Pterosauria
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Pteranodon (1)
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Thecodontia
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Aetosauria (1)
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-
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Ichthyosauria (2)
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Lepidosauria
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Squamata
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Lacertilia
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Mosasauridae (3)
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-
-
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Sauropterygia
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Plesiosauria
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Elasmosauridae (2)
-
-
-
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Synapsida
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Therapsida
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Cynodontia (2)
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Dicynodontia
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Lystrosaurus (2)
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Testudinata (1)
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Cloudina (1)
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coprolites (8)
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Invertebrata
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Ostracoda
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Podocopida
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Candona (1)
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Insecta
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Exopterygota
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Trilobitomorpha
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Brachiopoda
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Articulata
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Strophomenida (1)
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Inarticulata
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Hydrozoa (2)
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Mollusca
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Palaeoheterodonta
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Unionidae (3)
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Pterioida
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-
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Cephalopoda
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Nautiloidea (2)
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Gastropoda (22)
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-
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Porifera
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Protista
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Foraminifera
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Rotaliina
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Lenticulina (1)
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-
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Rotaliacea
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-
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Textulariina
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Radiolaria (9)
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Vermes
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Plantae
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Musci (1)
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problematic fossils
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Cenozoic
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Sierra Ladrones Formation (1)
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Tertiary
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Arikaree Group (2)
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John Day Formation (2)
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lower Tertiary (8)
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middle Tertiary (3)
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Neogene
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Furnace Creek Formation (1)
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Hemphillian (1)
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Miocene
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Aragonian (1)
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Barstow Formation (1)
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Columbia River Basalt Group (10)
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Ellensburg Formation (1)
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Fleming Formation (1)
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Grande Ronde Basalt (2)
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lower Miocene
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Aquitanian (2)
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Hemingfordian (1)
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Saucesian (1)
-
-
middle Miocene
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Langhian (1)
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Serravallian (1)
-
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Pebas Formation (1)
-
Saddle Mountains Basalt (1)
-
Surma Group (1)
-
Temblor Formation (1)
-
Topopah Spring Member (1)
-
upper Miocene
-
Puente Formation (1)
-
Tortonian (1)
-
Turolian (1)
-
-
Vallesian (1)
-
Wanapum Basalt (1)
-
Wood Mountain Formation (1)
-
-
Ogallala Formation (3)
-
Pliocene
-
Gauss Chron (2)
-
lower Pliocene (4)
-
middle Pliocene (1)
-
upper Pliocene (2)
-
-
Ringold Formation (1)
-
Salt Lake Formation (2)
-
upper Neogene (1)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Barail Group (1)
-
Calvert Bluff Formation (1)
-
Chadron Formation (2)
-
Claron Formation (2)
-
Dongying Formation (2)
-
Eocene
-
Absaroka Supergroup (6)
-
Bracklesham Group (1)
-
Bridger Formation (2)
-
Bridgerian (3)
-
Chuckanut Formation (2)
-
Clarno Formation (1)
-
Colton Formation (2)
-
Flournoy Formation (1)
-
Green River Formation (10)
-
Lake Gosiute (6)
-
Lake Uinta (1)
-
lower Eocene
-
Wasatchian (3)
-
Willwood Formation (11)
-
Wind River Formation (2)
-
Ypresian
-
London Clay (1)
-
-
-
middle Eocene
-
Bartonian (1)
-
Claiborne Group (1)
-
Laney Shale Member (4)
-
Lutetian (2)
-
Tyee Formation (3)
-
-
Narizian (1)
-
Uintan (1)
-
Umpqua Formation (3)
-
upper Eocene
-
Chadronian (4)
-
Priabonian (1)
-
-
Wilkins Peak Member (1)
-
-
Flagstaff Formation (2)
-
Hanna Formation (9)
-
lower Paleogene (11)
-
Oligocene
-
Brule Formation (3)
-
Creede Formation (1)
-
Fish Canyon Tuff (2)
-
Frio Formation (2)
-
lower Oligocene (5)
-
upper Oligocene (8)
-
Vicksburg Group (1)
-
-
Paleocene
-
Clayton Formation (1)
-
Lebo Member (2)
-
lower Paleocene
-
Danian (7)
-
K-T boundary (35)
-
Puercan (11)
-
Torrejonian (6)
-
-
Ludlow Member (2)
-
middle Paleocene (3)
-
Nacimiento Formation (4)
-
Porters Creek Formation (1)
-
Ravenscrag Formation (11)
-
Tongue River Member (5)
-
Tullock Member (6)
-
upper Paleocene
-
Clarkforkian (1)
-
Thanetian (1)
-
Tiffanian (14)
-
-
-
Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (8)
-
Refugian (1)
-
Renova Formation (13)
-
upper Paleogene (1)
-
Wasatch Formation (11)
-
White River Group (7)
-
Wilcox Group (8)
-
Williamsburg Formation (1)
-
-
Shahejie Formation (4)
-
upper Tertiary (1)
-
-
upper Cenozoic (9)
-
-
Coal Measures (1)
-
Dalradian (1)
-
Lake Bonneville (4)
-
Laurentide ice sheet (11)
-
Mesozoic
-
Bisbee Group (1)
-
Cretaceous
-
Blairmore Group (8)
-
Colorado Group (18)
-
Comanchean
-
Edwards Formation (1)
-
Paluxy Formation (1)
-
Rodessa Formation (1)
-
-
Dakota Formation (13)
-
Graneros Shale (1)
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Albian
-
lower Albian (2)
-
upper Albian (6)
-
-
Aptian
-
Shuaiba Formation (1)
-
-
Barremian (4)
-
Bear River Formation (2)
-
Berriasian (2)
-
Blackleaf Formation (6)
-
Bluesky Formation (1)
-
Burro Canyon Formation (4)
-
Cadomin Formation (6)
-
Cedar Mountain Formation (7)
-
Clearwater Formation (5)
-
Cloverly Formation (5)
-
Edwards Formation (1)
-
Gething Formation (4)
-
Inyan Kara Group (1)
-
Kootenay Formation (1)
-
Lakota Formation (2)
-
Mannville Group (31)
-
McMurray Formation (8)
-
Missisauga Formation (1)
-
Mowry Shale (13)
-
Muddy Sandstone (7)
-
Paluxy Formation (1)
-
Rodessa Formation (1)
-
Skull Creek Shale (2)
-
Spirit River Formation (3)
-
Valanginian (1)
-
-
Mancos Shale (10)
-
Middle Cretaceous (18)
-
Potomac Group (1)
-
Queen Charlotte Group (1)
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Almond Formation (3)
-
Bearpaw Formation (14)
-
Belle Fourche Shale (6)
-
Belly River Formation (15)
-
Blackhawk Formation (2)
-
Bridge Creek Limestone Member (2)
-
Campanian
-
Cerro del Pueblo Formation (1)
-
Dinosaur Park Formation (13)
-
lower Campanian (4)
-
upper Campanian (11)
-
-
Cardium Formation (7)
-
Carlile Shale (7)
-
Castlegate Sandstone (1)
-
Cenomanian
-
Dunvegan Formation (5)
-
lower Cenomanian (3)
-
-
Codell Sandstone Member (1)
-
Cody Shale (4)
-
Coniacian (10)
-
Eagle Sandstone (5)
-
Edmonton Group (1)
-
Elkhorn Mountains Volcanics (3)
-
Eutaw Formation (1)
-
Ferron Sandstone Member (7)
-
Fort Hays Limestone Member (2)
-
Fox Hills Formation (8)
-
Frontier Formation (12)
-
Fruitland Formation (3)
-
Gammon Ferruginous Member (1)
-
Greenhorn Limestone (8)
-
Gulfian
-
Aguja Formation (5)
-
Austin Group (1)
-
Eagle Ford Formation (9)
-
Olmos Formation (1)
-
Woodbine Formation (5)
-
-
Hell Creek Formation (22)
-
Hornbrook Formation (1)
-
Horseshoe Canyon Formation (12)
-
Javelina Formation (6)
-
Judith River Formation (11)
-
Kaiparowits Formation (5)
-
Kirtland Shale (1)
-
K-T boundary (35)
-
Lance Formation (8)
-
Laramie Formation (2)
-
Lewis Shale (7)
-
Maestrichtian
-
lower Maestrichtian (6)
-
upper Maestrichtian (10)
-
-
Maevarano Formation (1)
-
Marilia Formation (1)
-
Mesaverde Group (10)
-
Middendorf Formation (1)
-
Milk River Formation (13)
-
Montana Group (5)
-
Moreno Formation (2)
-
Niobrara Formation (10)
-
Ojo Alamo Sandstone (4)
-
Oldman Formation (8)
-
Parkman Sandstone (1)
-
Pierre Shale (15)
-
Point Lookout Sandstone (1)
-
Prince Creek Formation (2)
-
Rock Springs Formation (2)
-
Saint Mary River Formation (4)
-
Santonian (20)
-
Selma Group (1)
-
Senonian (65)
-
Shannon Sandstone Member (2)
-
Sharon Springs Member (1)
-
Straight Cliffs Formation (8)
-
Sussex Sandstone Member (1)
-
Tropic Shale (2)
-
Turonian
-
lower Turonian (2)
-
middle Turonian (3)
-
upper Turonian (1)
-
-
Tuscaloosa Formation (2)
-
Two Medicine Formation (9)
-
Wahweap Formation (6)
-
Williams Fork Formation (2)
-
-
Viking Formation (15)
-
Whitemud Formation (5)
-
-
Franciscan Complex (1)
-
Glen Canyon Group (2)
-
Great Valley Sequence (4)
-
Jurassic
-
Arapien Shale (1)
-
Aztec Sandstone (1)
-
Carmel Formation (3)
-
Clarens Formation (1)
-
Coast Range Ophiolite (1)
-
Fernie Formation (6)
-
Ladner Group (1)
-
Lower Jurassic
-
Hettangian (1)
-
Laberge Group (2)
-
lower Liassic (1)
-
middle Liassic (1)
-
Nordegg Member (2)
-
Pliensbachian (4)
-
Sinemurian (2)
-
Toarcian (4)
-
upper Liassic (1)
-
-
Middle Jurassic
-
Aalenian (2)
-
Bajocian (2)
-
Bathonian (2)
-
Callovian (1)
-
Summerville Formation (2)
-
Todilto Formation (1)
-
Xishanyao Formation (2)
-
-
Oxford Clay (1)
-
Posidonia Shale (1)
-
San Rafael Group (1)
-
Smartville Complex (1)
-
Twin Creek Limestone (1)
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Arab Formation (1)
-
Bowser Lake Group (1)
-
Brushy Basin Member (3)
-
Entrada Sandstone (3)
-
Galice Formation (1)
-
Josephine Ophiolite (1)
-
Kimmeridge Clay (1)
-
Kimmeridgian
-
upper Kimmeridgian (1)
-
-
Morrison Formation (15)
-
Oxfordian (4)
-
Portlandian (1)
-
Salt Wash Sandstone Member (1)
-
Smackover Formation (1)
-
Sundance Formation (8)
-
Swift Formation (5)
-
Tithonian (4)
-
-
-
Kayenta Formation (2)
-
lower Mesozoic (3)
-
McHugh Complex (1)
-
Mist Mountain Formation (2)
-
Navajo Sandstone (7)
-
Nugget Sandstone (2)
-
Orocopia Schist (1)
-
Triassic
-
Chanares Formation (2)
-
Charlie Lake Formation (1)
-
Lower Triassic
-
Dinwoody Formation (6)
-
Olenekian (1)
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (14)
-
Scythian (1)
-
Smithian (1)
-
Thaynes Formation (3)
-
-
Middle Triassic
-
Anisian (1)
-
Doig Formation (1)
-
Ladinian (2)
-
Muschelkalk (1)
-
-
Moenkopi Formation (4)
-
Mole Granite (1)
-
Montney Formation (2)
-
Red Peak Formation (3)
-
Sherwood Sandstone (1)
-
Upper Triassic
-
Baldonnel Formation (1)
-
Carnian
-
Ischigualasto Formation (1)
-
-
Chinle Formation (13)
-
Karmutsen Group (1)
-
Keuper (1)
-
Luning Formation (1)
-
Molteno Formation (1)
-
Norian (12)
-
Pardonet Formation (1)
-
Rhaetian (1)
-
Shinarump Member (1)
-
Stormberg Series (1)
-
Xujiahe Formation (1)
-
Yanchang Formation (2)
-
-
-
upper Mesozoic (3)
-
Vaca Muerta Formation (3)
-
Wingate Sandstone (1)
-
Yanshanian (2)
-
-
MIS 3 (1)
-
MIS 5 (1)
-
MIS 7 (1)
-
Moldanubian (1)
-
Paleozoic
-
Bedford Shale (1)
-
Berea Sandstone (1)
-
Bird Spring Formation (1)
-
Cambrian
-
Brigham Group (2)
-
Lancara Formation (1)
-
Lower Cambrian
-
Gog Group (1)
-
Terreneuvian
-
Fortunian (1)
-
-
-
Middle Cambrian
-
Flathead Sandstone (3)
-
-
Pioche Shale (1)
-
Upper Cambrian
-
Dresbachian (1)
-
Furongian
-
Jiangshanian (2)
-
-
Mount Simon Sandstone (1)
-
Orr Formation (1)
-
Pilgrim Formation (1)
-
Potsdam Sandstone (1)
-
Steptoean (3)
-
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Albert Formation (1)
-
Amsden Formation (4)
-
Benxi Formation (1)
-
Big Snowy Group (1)
-
Ely Limestone (1)
-
Lower Carboniferous
-
Dinantian (9)
-
-
Mississippian
-
Barnett Shale (2)
-
Charles Formation (4)
-
Leadville Formation (1)
-
Lower Mississippian
-
Chappel Limestone (1)
-
Cuyahoga Formation (1)
-
Fort Payne Formation (1)
-
Kinderhookian
-
Banff Formation (7)
-
-
Lake Valley Formation (4)
-
Lodgepole Formation (22)
-
Osagian
-
Burlington Limestone (2)
-
-
Tournaisian
-
upper Tournaisian (1)
-
-
-
Madison Group (35)
-
Middle Mississippian
-
Visean (5)
-
-
Mission Canyon Limestone (9)
-
Redwall Limestone (2)
-
Upper Mississippian
-
Chesterian
-
Golconda Formation (1)
-
Imo Formation (1)
-
-
Fayetteville Formation (1)
-
Greenbrier Limestone (1)
-
Hartselle Sandstone (1)
-
Heath Formation (2)
-
Meramecian
-
Saint Louis Limestone (1)
-
Sainte Genevieve Limestone (1)
-
Warsaw Formation (1)
-
-
Pitkin Limestone (1)
-
Serpukhovian (3)
-
-
Windsor Group (1)
-
-
Pennsylvanian
-
Lower Pennsylvanian
-
Bashkirian (1)
-
Morrowan (1)
-
-
Middle Pennsylvanian
-
Allegheny Group (1)
-
Atokan (1)
-
Carbondale Formation (2)
-
Desmoinesian (1)
-
Moscovian (5)
-
Paradox Formation (1)
-
Tradewater Formation (1)
-
-
Minturn Formation (3)
-
Morrow Formation (1)
-
Upper Pennsylvanian
-
Gzhelian (1)
-
Kasimovian (1)
-
Missourian (1)
-
Virgilian (1)
-
Wescogame Formation (1)
-
-
Watahomigi Formation (1)
-
-
Upper Carboniferous
-
Westphalian (1)
-
-
-
Chattanooga Shale (1)
-
Cow Head Group (1)
-
Deadwood Formation (6)
-
Devonian
-
Beaverhill Lake Group (4)
-
Guilmette Formation (1)
-
Heemskirk Granite (1)
-
Keg River Formation (4)
-
Lower Devonian
-
Emsian (2)
-
Lochkovian (1)
-
Pragian (1)
-
-
Middle Devonian
-
Eifelian (2)
-
Elk Point Group (3)
-
Givetian (6)
-
Hamilton Group (1)
-
Marcellus Shale (1)
-
Moscow Formation (1)
-
Prairie Evaporite (8)
-
Winnipegosis Formation (6)
-
-
Muth Quartzite (1)
-
Old Red Sandstone (1)
-
Ponta Grossa Formation (1)
-
Slave Point Formation (2)
-
Swan Hills Formation (4)
-
Traverse Group (1)
-
Upper Devonian
-
Birdbear Formation (1)
-
Duperow Formation (2)
-
Famennian
-
upper Famennian (2)
-
Wabamun Group (6)
-
-
Frasnian
-
Leduc Formation (2)
-
-
Grosmont Formation (4)
-
Jefferson Group (7)
-
Nisku Formation (4)
-
Ohio Shale (1)
-
Palliser Formation (4)
-
-
-
Ellis Bay Formation (1)
-
Exshaw Formation (15)
-
Hunton Group (1)
-
Lisburne Group (2)
-
lower Paleozoic (14)
-
middle Paleozoic (3)
-
Minnelusa Formation (1)
-
New Albany Shale (2)
-
Ordovician
-
Eureka Quartzite (1)
-
Lower Ordovician
-
Tremadocian (3)
-
-
Meguma Group (1)
-
Middle Ordovician
-
Saint Peter Sandstone (1)
-
Table Head Group (1)
-
Whiterockian (1)
-
Winnipeg Formation (3)
-
-
Montoya Group (2)
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Ashgillian (2)
-
Bighorn Dolomite (6)
-
Caradocian (1)
-
Cincinnatian
-
Richmondian (3)
-
-
Fairview Formation (2)
-
Hirnantian (2)
-
Katian (5)
-
Kope Formation (2)
-
Maquoketa Formation (1)
-
Mohawkian (1)
-
Red River Formation (11)
-
Whitewater Formation (2)
-
Yeoman Formation (3)
-
-
-
Permian
-
Coconino Sandstone (1)
-
Cutler Formation (2)
-
Ecca Group (1)
-
Eskridge Shale (1)
-
Guadalupian
-
Capitan Formation (1)
-
Capitanian (3)
-
Roadian (1)
-
-
Kaibab Formation (3)
-
Khuff Formation (1)
-
Lower Permian
-
Abo Formation (1)
-
Cisuralian
-
Artinskian (1)
-
Kungurian (3)
-
-
Leonardian (1)
-
Opeche Shale (1)
-
Wolfcampian (1)
-
-
Lyons Sandstone (3)
-
Maokou Formation (1)
-
McCloud Limestone (1)
-
Meade Peak Member (5)
-
Middle Permian (5)
-
Newcastle Coal Measures (1)
-
Park City Formation (6)
-
Phosphoria Formation (13)
-
Retort Phosphatic Shale Member (1)
-
Rotliegendes (2)
-
Stearns Shale (1)
-
Toroweap Formation (1)
-
Upper Permian
-
Lopingian
-
Changhsingian (1)
-
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (14)
-
Zechstein (2)
-
-
Yeso Formation (1)
-
-
Pilot Shale (2)
-
Sauk Sequence (4)
-
Silurian
-
Lower Silurian
-
Grimsby Sandstone (2)
-
Llandovery (2)
-
Wenlock (2)
-
-
Middle Silurian
-
Guelph Formation (1)
-
-
Niagaran (1)
-
Upper Silurian
-
Ludlow (3)
-
Pridoli (1)
-
Salina Group (1)
-
-
-
Supai Formation (2)
-
Taiyuan Formation (1)
-
Tensleep Sandstone (3)
-
Tippecanoe Sequence (1)
-
upper Paleozoic
-
Antrim Shale (1)
-
Bakken Formation (34)
-
Dwyka Formation (1)
-
Fountain Formation (1)
-
Kaskaskia Sequence (2)
-
Shanxi Formation (2)
-
-
Weber Sandstone (2)
-
Wells Formation (1)
-
Woodford Shale (3)
-
-
Phanerozoic (24)
-
Precambrian
-
Animikie Group (1)
-
Archean
-
Eoarchean (3)
-
J-M Reef (5)
-
Mesoarchean (5)
-
Napier Complex (1)
-
Neoarchean (15)
-
Paleoarchean (7)
-
-
Chuar Group (3)
-
Cuddapah System (1)
-
Delhi Supergroup (2)
-
Gunflint Iron Formation (1)
-
Hadean (7)
-
Hamersley Group (1)
-
Hazel Formation (1)
-
Kingston Peak Formation (1)
-
Laramie anorthosite complex (1)
-
Lewisian Complex (1)
-
middle Precambrian (1)
-
Noonday Dolomite (1)
-
Pahrump Series (1)
-
Prichard Formation (2)
-
Purcell System (14)
-
Sokoman Formation (3)
-
Spuhler Peak Formation (1)
-
Stillwater Complex (16)
-
Uinta Mountain Group (2)
-
Unkar Group (1)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Bambui Group (1)
-
Banxi Group (1)
-
Damara System (2)
-
Huronian
-
Gowganda Formation (1)
-
-
Kunyang Group (1)
-
Lewisian (1)
-
McNamara Group (1)
-
Mesoproterozoic
-
Aldridge Formation (5)
-
Altyn Limestone (1)
-
Apache Group (1)
-
Belt Supergroup (35)
-
Bonner Formation (3)
-
Helena Formation (1)
-
Helikian (2)
-
Laxfordian (1)
-
Missoula Group (5)
-
Newland Limestone (1)
-
Ravalli Group (1)
-
Revett Quartzite (3)
-
Roper Group (1)
-
Shuangqiaoshan Group (1)
-
Wallace Formation (1)
-
-
Miette Group (3)
-
Negaunee Iron Formation (1)
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Brioverian (1)
-
Cryogenian (2)
-
Dengying Formation (1)
-
Doushantuo Formation (2)
-
Ediacaran (15)
-
Horsethief Creek Group (1)
-
Sturtian (2)
-
Tonian (2)
-
Vendian (5)
-
-
Paleoproterozoic
-
Aphebian
-
Hurwitz Group (1)
-
-
Rooiberg Group (1)
-
Rustenburg Layered Suite (4)
-
Urquhart Shale (1)
-
-
Pocatello Formation (1)
-
Sinian
-
Dengying Formation (1)
-
Doushantuo Formation (2)
-
-
Windermere System (4)
-
-
-
Vadito Group (1)
-
Waterberg System (1)
-
Witwatersrand Supergroup (1)
-
-
Rhenohercynian (1)
-
Vindhyan (2)
-
-
igneous rocks
-
igneous rocks
-
carbonatites (10)
-
feldspathoid rocks (2)
-
granophyre (2)
-
hypabyssal rocks (1)
-
kimberlite (7)
-
peperite (1)
-
picrite (2)
-
plutonic rocks
-
anorthosite (8)
-
diabase
-
tholeiitic dolerite (1)
-
-
diorites
-
quartz diorites (3)
-
tonalite (4)
-
trondhjemite (1)
-
-
gabbros
-
alkali gabbros (1)
-
labradoritite (1)
-
norite (5)
-
troctolite (2)
-
-
granites
-
aplite (2)
-
A-type granites (7)
-
biotite granite (1)
-
charnockite (2)
-
granite porphyry (4)
-
I-type granites (2)
-
leucogranite (4)
-
microgranite (1)
-
micropegmatite (1)
-
monzogranite (3)
-
S-type granites (2)
-
two-mica granite (2)
-
-
granodiorites (25)
-
ijolite (1)
-
lamproite (6)
-
lamprophyres
-
minette (3)
-
-
monzodiorite (3)
-
monzonites (6)
-
pegmatite (27)
-
quartz monzonite (6)
-
syenites
-
albitite (1)
-
alkali syenites (2)
-
nepheline syenite
-
agpaite (1)
-
-
quartz syenite (1)
-
-
ultramafics
-
chromitite (21)
-
hornblendite (1)
-
peridotites
-
dunite (8)
-
garnet lherzolite (1)
-
harzburgite (5)
-
lherzolite (5)
-
spinel lherzolite (1)
-
-
pyroxenite
-
clinopyroxenite (3)
-
websterite (1)
-
-
-
-
porphyry
-
vitrophyre (1)
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
adakites (3)
-
andesites
-
andesite porphyry (1)
-
boninite (1)
-
-
basalts
-
alkali basalts
-
trachybasalts (2)
-
-
flood basalts (7)
-
mid-ocean ridge basalts (8)
-
ocean-island basalts (4)
-
shoshonite (2)
-
tholeiite (1)
-
tholeiitic basalt (2)
-
-
basanite (1)
-
dacites (11)
-
glasses
-
obsidian (2)
-
pitchstone (1)
-
volcanic glass (6)
-
-
komatiite (6)
-
latite (1)
-
melilitite (1)
-
nephelinite (2)
-
phonolites (3)
-
pyroclastics
-
ash-flow tuff (6)
-
ignimbrite (29)
-
pumice (3)
-
rhyolite tuff (3)
-
scoria (2)
-
tuff (31)
-
welded tuff (3)
-
-
rhyodacites (1)
-
rhyolites
-
quartz porphyry (2)
-
-
trachyandesites
-
absarokite (1)
-
-
trachytes (4)
-
vitrophyre (1)
-
-
-
ophiolite (19)
-
volcanic ash (7)
-
wehrlite (1)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
K-bentonite (6)
-
metabentonite (1)
-
metamorphic rocks
-
amphibolites (11)
-
cataclasites (3)
-
eclogite (2)
-
gneisses
-
augen gneiss (1)
-
biotite gneiss (1)
-
granite gneiss (2)
-
orthogneiss (9)
-
paragneiss (4)
-
-
granulites (3)
-
hornfels (4)
-
impactites (2)
-
lapis lazuli (1)
-
marbles (7)
-
metaigneous rocks
-
metabasalt (4)
-
metabasite (4)
-
metadiabase (2)
-
metadiorite (1)
-
metagabbro (4)
-
metagranite (3)
-
metaperidotite (1)
-
metatuff (1)
-
serpentinite (3)
-
-
metaplutonic rocks (2)
-
metasedimentary rocks
-
khondalite (2)
-
metaconglomerate (2)
-
metagraywacke (1)
-
metapelite (9)
-
paragneiss (4)
-
shungite (1)
-
-
metasomatic rocks
-
greisen (6)
-
serpentinite (3)
-
skarn (27)
-
-
metavolcanic rocks (7)
-
migmatites
-
anatexite (2)
-
-
mylonites
-
pseudotachylite (1)
-
-
phyllonites (1)
-
quartzites (20)
-
schists
-
biotite schist (1)
-
blueschist (1)
-
chlorite schist (1)
-
greenschist (2)
-
greenstone (1)
-
-
slates (1)
-
-
ophiolite (19)
-
turbidite (10)
-
-
meteorites
-
meteorites
-
stony meteorites
-
achondrites
-
lunar meteorites (1)
-
Martian meteorites
-
SNC Meteorites (1)
-
-
-
chondrites
-
ordinary chondrites
-
H chondrites
-
Tieschitz Meteorite (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
minerals
-
alloys
-
hedleyite (1)
-
-
antimonides (1)
-
arsenates
-
scorodite (1)
-
-
arsenides
-
arsenopyrite (2)
-
cobaltite (1)
-
gersdorffite (1)
-
sperrylite (4)
-
-
arsenites (3)
-
bismuthides
-
froodite (1)
-
michenerite (1)
-
-
carbonates
-
ankerite (1)
-
aragonite (5)
-
bastnaesite (3)
-
calcite (38)
-
cancrinite (1)
-
dolomite (27)
-
magnesian calcite (1)
-
magnesite (1)
-
malachite (1)
-
meionite (1)
-
parisite (1)
-
siderite (5)
-
synchysite (1)
-
-
halides
-
chlorides
-
eudialyte (1)
-
halite (6)
-
-
fluorides
-
bastnaesite (3)
-
clinohumite (1)
-
fluorite (4)
-
parisite (1)
-
synchysite (1)
-
-
-
hydrates (1)
-
K-bentonite (6)
-
metabentonite (1)
-
minerals (8)
-
native elements
-
graphite (3)
-
-
onyx (1)
-
organic minerals
-
amber (5)
-
-
oxides
-
aluminum oxides (1)
-
baddeleyite (5)
-
brucite (1)
-
cassiterite (2)
-
chrome spinel (8)
-
chromite (16)
-
corundum (5)
-
diaspore (2)
-
goethite (2)
-
hematite (6)
-
hollandite (1)
-
hydroxides
-
iron hydroxides (1)
-
-
ilmenite (9)
-
iron oxides (13)
-
limonite (2)
-
maghemite (1)
-
magnesium oxides (1)
-
magnetite (21)
-
manganese oxides (1)
-
niobates
-
betafite (1)
-
columbite (2)
-
fergusonite (1)
-
-
periclase (1)
-
perovskite (2)
-
portlandite (1)
-
pyrophanite (1)
-
rutile (7)
-
sapphire (5)
-
spinel (11)
-
spinel group (3)
-
tantalates
-
betafite (1)
-
-
titanium oxides (3)
-
uraninite (1)
-
-
phosphates
-
apatite (46)
-
beraunite (1)
-
britholite (1)
-
fluorapatite (3)
-
francolite (1)
-
hydroxylapatite (1)
-
monazite (28)
-
strengite (2)
-
torbernite (1)
-
turquoise (2)
-
vivianite (2)
-
wavellite (1)
-
xenotime (6)
-
-
platinum minerals (18)
-
selenides (1)
-
silicates
-
aluminosilicates (2)
-
asbestos (2)
-
borosilicates (1)
-
chain silicates
-
amphibole group
-
clinoamphibole
-
cummingtonite (3)
-
edenite (1)
-
hastingsite (2)
-
hornblende (26)
-
kaersutite (1)
-
magnesioriebeckite (1)
-
pargasite (1)
-
richterite (2)
-
tremolite (4)
-
tschermakite (1)
-
-
orthoamphibole
-
anthophyllite (4)
-
gedrite (4)
-
-
-
pyroxene group
-
clinopyroxene
-
aegirine (1)
-
diopside (5)
-
hedenbergite (1)
-
-
orthopyroxene (8)
-
-
rhodonite group
-
babingtonite (1)
-
-
wollastonite group
-
wollastonite (3)
-
-
-
framework silicates
-
cancrinite (1)
-
feldspar group
-
alkali feldspar
-
adularia (2)
-
anorthoclase (1)
-
hyalophane (1)
-
K-feldspar (9)
-
microcline (1)
-
sanidine (15)
-
-
barium feldspar
-
hyalophane (1)
-
-
plagioclase
-
albite (5)
-
anorthite (1)
-
bytownite (1)
-
labradorite (1)
-
-
-
leucite (1)
-
nepheline group
-
kalsilite (2)
-
nepheline (4)
-
-
scapolite group
-
meionite (1)
-
scapolite (1)
-
-
silica minerals
-
agate (1)
-
amethyst (2)
-
carnelian (2)
-
chalcedony (1)
-
chrysoprase (1)
-
jasper (1)
-
moganite (1)
-
opal
-
opal-A (2)
-
opal-CT (2)
-
-
quartz
-
smoky quartz (2)
-
-
-
sodalite group
-
sodalite (1)
-
-
zeolite group
-
analcime (3)
-
chabazite (1)
-
clinoptilolite (1)
-
erionite (1)
-
heulandite (1)
-
natrolite (1)
-
offretite (1)
-
-
-
iron silicates (1)
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
andalusite (2)
-
britholite group
-
britholite (1)
-
-
clinohumite (1)
-
datolite group
-
gadolinite (1)
-
-
dumortierite (1)
-
garnet group
-
andradite (1)
-
grossular (2)
-
-
olivine group
-
forsterite (3)
-
monticellite (1)
-
olivine (13)
-
-
sillimanite (3)
-
staurolite (4)
-
titanite group
-
titanite (11)
-
-
zircon group
-
zircon (285)
-
-
-
sorosilicates
-
bertrandite (1)
-
chevkinite group
-
chevkinite (1)
-
perrierite (3)
-
-
epidote group
-
allanite (5)
-
clinozoisite (1)
-
epidote (9)
-
zoisite (2)
-
-
ilvaite (1)
-
lawsonite (1)
-
melilite group
-
akermanite (1)
-
gehlenite (2)
-
melilite (1)
-
-
pumpellyite group
-
pumpellyite (1)
-
-
vesuvianite (2)
-
-
-
ring silicates
-
beryl (2)
-
cordierite (6)
-
emerald (2)
-
eudialyte (1)
-
tourmaline group
-
schorl (1)
-
-
-
sheet silicates
-
chlorite group
-
chamosite (1)
-
chlorite (16)
-
clinochlore (3)
-
-
clay minerals
-
allophane (1)
-
beidellite (2)
-
halloysite (1)
-
kaolinite (17)
-
montmorillonite (3)
-
saponite (2)
-
smectite (31)
-
vermiculite (1)
-
-
clintonite (1)
-
illite (43)
-
margarite (1)
-
mica group
-
biotite (41)
-
celadonite (1)
-
glauconite (4)
-
lepidolite (1)
-
muscovite (24)
-
phengite (1)
-
phlogopite (5)
-
-
sepiolite (1)
-
sericite (3)
-
serpentine group
-
berthierine (1)
-
serpentine (2)
-
-
talc (3)
-
-
-
sulfates
-
alunite (8)
-
anhydrite (14)
-
barite (3)
-
gypsum (7)
-
jarosite (3)
-
-
sulfides
-
arsenopyrite (2)
-
bornite (3)
-
chalcocite (2)
-
chalcopyrite (11)
-
cinnabar (1)
-
cobaltite (1)
-
cooperite (1)
-
copper sulfides (8)
-
cubanite (2)
-
galena (2)
-
gersdorffite (1)
-
greigite (1)
-
iron sulfides (4)
-
joseite (1)
-
laurite (10)
-
mackinawite (1)
-
molybdenite (13)
-
nickel sulfides (2)
-
pentlandite (7)
-
pyrite (23)
-
pyrrhotite (9)
-
sphalerite (2)
-
stannoidite (1)
-
stibnite (2)
-
tetradymite (1)
-
troilite (2)
-
violarite (1)
-
zinc sulfides (1)
-
-
sulfosalts
-
sulfantimonites
-
polybasite (1)
-
tetrahedrite (2)
-
-
sulfarsenates
-
enargite (1)
-
-
sulfarsenites
-
pearceite (1)
-
tennantite (3)
-
-
sulfobismuthites
-
berryite (1)
-
galenobismutite (1)
-
-
-
tellurides
-
altaite (1)
-
calaverite (1)
-
hedleyite (1)
-
joseite (1)
-
tellurobismuthite (2)
-
tetradymite (1)
-
-
tungstates
-
scheelite (3)
-
wolframite (3)
-
-
uranium minerals (2)
-
wehrlite (1)
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (480)
-
Africa
-
Central Africa
-
Gabon
-
Oklo (1)
-
-
-
East Africa
-
Kenya (1)
-
Malawi (1)
-
Mozambique (2)
-
Tanzania
-
Oldoinyo Lengai (1)
-
-
-
East African Lakes
-
Lake Tanganyika (1)
-
-
East African Rift (2)
-
Madagascar
-
Mahajanga Basin (1)
-
-
North Africa
-
Atlas Mountains
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Anti-Atlas (1)
-
High Atlas (1)
-
-
-
Egypt (1)
-
Libya
-
Murzuk Basin (1)
-
-
Morocco
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Anti-Atlas (1)
-
High Atlas (1)
-
-
Rif (1)
-
-
Tunisia
-
El Kef Tunisia (1)
-
-
-
Southern Africa
-
Barberton greenstone belt (2)
-
Gariep Belt (1)
-
Kaapvaal Craton (6)
-
Karoo Basin (7)
-
Namaqualand (2)
-
Namaqualand metamorphic complex (1)
-
Namibia (6)
-
South Africa
-
Bushveld Complex (11)
-
Cape fold belt (1)
-
Cape Province region (1)
-
Free State South Africa (2)
-
Merensky Reef (6)
-
Northern Cape Province South Africa (1)
-
Sutherland South Africa (1)
-
Western Cape Province South Africa (2)
-
-
Swaziland (1)
-
Zimbabwe
-
Great Dyke (2)
-
-
-
West Africa
-
Guinea (1)
-
Nigeria
-
Niger Delta (1)
-
-
Sierra Leone (1)
-
-
Zimbabwe Craton (2)
-
-
Antarctica
-
Antarctic ice sheet (2)
-
Antarctic Peninsula (3)
-
East Antarctica (2)
-
Queen Maud Land (1)
-
South Shetland Islands
-
Deception Island (1)
-
-
Transantarctic Mountains
-
Beardmore Glacier (1)
-
-
Victoria Land (1)
-
-
Arctic Ocean
-
Barents Sea (1)
-
Beaufort Sea (1)
-
Chukchi Sea (1)
-
Norwegian Sea (1)
-
-
Arctic region
-
Greenland
-
East Greenland (2)
-
Fiskenaesset Greenland (1)
-
Greenland ice sheet (1)
-
Northern Greenland (2)
-
Peary Land (2)
-
Skaergaard Intrusion (1)
-
South Greenland (2)
-
West Greenland (1)
-
-
Russian Arctic (1)
-
Svalbard
-
Spitsbergen (2)
-
-
-
Asia
-
Altai Mountains
-
Gorny Altai (1)
-
-
Altai Russian Federation
-
Gorny Altai (1)
-
-
Amu Darya Basin (1)
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Oman (2)
-
Saudi Arabia
-
Ghawar Field (1)
-
-
United Arab Emirates
-
Abu Dhabi (3)
-
-
Yemen (1)
-
-
Baikal region (3)
-
Central Asia
-
Kazakhstan
-
Balkhash Kazakhstan (1)
-
Karatau Range (2)
-
-
Kyzylkum (2)
-
Pamirs (2)
-
-
Far East
-
Borneo
-
Brunei (1)
-
East Malaysia
-
Sarawak Malaysia (1)
-
-
-
Burma (1)
-
China
-
Altun Mountains (1)
-
Altyn Tagh Fault (2)
-
Anhui China (1)
-
Bohaiwan Basin (5)
-
Chongqing China (2)
-
Da Hinggan Ling (1)
-
Dabie Mountains (2)
-
Fujian China (1)
-
Gansu China (2)
-
Guangdong China (2)
-
Guangxi China (1)
-
Guizhou China (4)
-
Hainan China (2)
-
Heilongjiang China (4)
-
Henan China (1)
-
Hubei China (1)
-
Hunan China (3)
-
Inner Mongolia China
-
Erlian Basin (1)
-
-
Kunlun Mountains (2)
-
Liaoning China
-
Liaodong Peninsula (1)
-
-
Loess Plateau (1)
-
Longmenshan (1)
-
Nanling (1)
-
Nanpanjiang Basin (2)
-
North China Platform (4)
-
Ordos Basin (5)
-
Qaidam Basin (9)
-
Qiangtang Basin (1)
-
Qilian Mountains (3)
-
Qinghai China (7)
-
Qinling Mountains (1)
-
Shaanxi China (1)
-
Shandong China
-
Dongying Depression (1)
-
Jiyang Depression (1)
-
Shengli Field (1)
-
-
Shanxi China (1)
-
Sichuan Basin (6)
-
Sichuan China (3)
-
Songliao Basin (4)
-
South China Block (9)
-
Sulu Terrane (1)
-
Tancheng-Lujiang Fault (1)
-
Tarim Platform (1)
-
Tongling China (1)
-
Xinjiang China
-
Hami Basin (1)
-
Junggar (1)
-
Junggar Basin (6)
-
Tahe Field (1)
-
Tarim Basin (9)
-
Turpan Basin (2)
-
Urumqi China (1)
-
-
Xizang China
-
Gangdese Belt (3)
-
Lhasa Block (3)
-
Lhasa China (1)
-
-
Yangtze Platform (7)
-
Yangtze River (1)
-
Yangtze Three Gorges (2)
-
Yunnan China (11)
-
Zhejiang China (1)
-
-
Indochina (1)
-
Indonesia
-
Irian Jaya Indonesia (1)
-
Sunda Arc (1)
-
-
Japan
-
Hokkaido (2)
-
Honshu
-
Gifu Japan (1)
-
Niigata Japan (1)
-
Yamagata Japan (1)
-
Zao (1)
-
-
Kyushu (1)
-
Shikoku (1)
-
-
Korea
-
South Korea
-
Kyongsang Basin (1)
-
-
-
Malaysia
-
East Malaysia
-
Sarawak Malaysia (1)
-
-
-
Mongolia (8)
-
Philippine Islands
-
Luzon (1)
-
-
Taiwan
-
Taiwanese Central Range (1)
-
-
Vietnam (4)
-
-
Gobi Desert (1)
-
Himalayas
-
Lesser Himalayas (4)
-
Mount Everest (1)
-
Zanskar Range (2)
-
-
Indian Peninsula
-
Bangladesh (1)
-
Ganga Basin (1)
-
Ganges River basin (1)
-
India
-
Andhra Pradesh India
-
Cuddapah Basin (3)
-
-
Cauvery Basin (1)
-
Chhattisgarh India (1)
-
Ghats
-
Eastern Ghats (2)
-
Western Ghats (1)
-
-
Gujarat India
-
Kutch India (1)
-
Saurashtra (1)
-
-
Haryana India (1)
-
Himachal Pradesh India
-
Spiti (1)
-
-
Karnataka India
-
Mysore India (1)
-
-
Kerala India (3)
-
Madhya Pradesh India (1)
-
Northeastern India
-
Arunachal Pradesh India (1)
-
-
Punjab India (1)
-
Rajasthan India (1)
-
Ramnagar India (1)
-
Sagar India (1)
-
Son Valley (1)
-
Southern Granulite Terrain (1)
-
Srinagar India (1)
-
Tamil Nadu India (1)
-
Uttar Pradesh India (1)
-
Yamuna River (1)
-
-
Indo-Gangetic Plain (1)
-
Jammu and Kashmir
-
Kashmir (3)
-
Srinagar India (1)
-
-
Nepal (3)
-
Pakistan (6)
-
-
Indus-Yarlung Zangbo suture zone (3)
-
Irkutsk Russian Federation (2)
-
Karakoram (1)
-
Kemerovo Russian Federation (1)
-
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Mesozoic
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Cerro del Pueblo Formation (1)
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Cardium Formation (7)
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Codell Sandstone Member (1)
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Gulfian
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Aguja Formation (5)
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Woodbine Formation (5)
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Hell Creek Formation (22)
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Maestrichtian
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Maevarano Formation (1)
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Turonian
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Viking Formation (15)
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Jurassic
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Upper Jurassic
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Kayenta Formation (2)
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Triassic
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Lower Triassic
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Dinwoody Formation (6)
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Permian-Triassic boundary (14)
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Middle Triassic
-
Anisian (1)
-
Doig Formation (1)
-
Ladinian (2)
-
Muschelkalk (1)
-
-
Moenkopi Formation (4)
-
Mole Granite (1)
-
Montney Formation (2)
-
Red Peak Formation (3)
-
Sherwood Sandstone (1)
-
Upper Triassic
-
Baldonnel Formation (1)
-
Carnian
-
Ischigualasto Formation (1)
-
-
Chinle Formation (13)
-
Karmutsen Group (1)
-
Keuper (1)
-
Luning Formation (1)
-
Molteno Formation (1)
-
Norian (12)
-
Pardonet Formation (1)
-
Rhaetian (1)
-
Shinarump Member (1)
-
Stormberg Series (1)
-
Xujiahe Formation (1)
-
Yanchang Formation (2)
-
-
-
upper Mesozoic (3)
-
Vaca Muerta Formation (3)
-
Wingate Sandstone (1)
-
Yanshanian (2)
-
-
metal ores
-
aluminum ores (1)
-
antimony ores (3)
-
arsenic ores (4)
-
base metals (20)
-
beryllium ores (2)
-
bismuth ores (4)
-
chromite ores (11)
-
cobalt ores (9)
-
copper ores (139)
-
gold ores (88)
-
IOCG deposits (1)
-
iridium ores (3)
-
iron ores (8)
-
lead ores (33)
-
lead-zinc deposits (26)
-
lithium ores (1)
-
manganese ores (1)
-
mercury ores (3)
-
molybdenum ores (50)
-
nickel ores (30)
-
niobium ores (2)
-
osmium ores (3)
-
palladium ores (6)
-
platinum ores (39)
-
polymetallic ores (12)
-
rare earth deposits (8)
-
rhenium ores (1)
-
ruthenium ores (3)
-
silver ores (38)
-
strontium ores (1)
-
tantalum ores (1)
-
tellurium ores (2)
-
thorium ores (1)
-
tin ores (7)
-
titanium ores (1)
-
tungsten ores (16)
-
uranium ores (20)
-
vanadium ores (1)
-
zinc ores (35)
-
-
metals
-
actinides
-
thorium (5)
-
uranium
-
U-238/Pb-206 (1)
-
U-238/U-234 (1)
-
-
-
alkali metals
-
cesium
-
Cs-137 (1)
-
-
lithium
-
Li-7/Li-6 (3)
-
-
potassium (10)
-
sodium (9)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
barium (7)
-
beryllium
-
Be-10 (14)
-
Be-10/Be-9 (2)
-
-
calcium
-
Ca-44/Ca-40 (3)
-
Sr/Ca (2)
-
-
magnesium (10)
-
strontium
-
Sr/Ca (2)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (72)
-
-
-
aluminum
-
Al-26 (3)
-
-
antimony (2)
-
arsenic (8)
-
bismuth (3)
-
chromium (5)
-
cobalt (2)
-
copper
-
Cu-65 (1)
-
-
gallium (2)
-
gold (16)
-
hafnium
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (29)
-
-
indium (1)
-
iron
-
ferric iron (1)
-
ferrous iron (2)
-
-
lead
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (27)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (19)
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (6)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (15)
-
Pb-208/Pb-206 (1)
-
Pb-210 (1)
-
U-238/Pb-206 (1)
-
-
manganese (3)
-
mercury (2)
-
molybdenum (4)
-
nickel (7)
-
niobium (3)
-
platinum group
-
iridium (7)
-
iridium ores (3)
-
osmium
-
Os-188/Os-187 (8)
-
Re-187/Os-188 (4)
-
-
osmium ores (3)
-
palladium (10)
-
palladium ores (6)
-
platinum (8)
-
platinum ores (39)
-
rhodium (3)
-
ruthenium (8)
-
ruthenium ores (3)
-
-
precious metals (11)
-
rare earths
-
cerium (4)
-
europium (5)
-
lanthanum (3)
-
lutetium (3)
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (43)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (6)
-
-
samarium
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (6)
-
-
scandium (6)
-
ytterbium (3)
-
yttrium (7)
-
-
rhenium
-
Re-187/Os-188 (4)
-
-
silver (4)
-
tantalum (1)
-
technetium
-
Tc-99 (1)
-
-
tin (2)
-
titanium (12)
-
tungsten (5)
-
vanadium (2)
-
zinc (5)
-
zirconium (2)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
amphibolites (11)
-
cataclasites (3)
-
eclogite (2)
-
gneisses
-
augen gneiss (1)
-
biotite gneiss (1)
-
granite gneiss (2)
-
orthogneiss (9)
-
paragneiss (4)
-
-
granulites (3)
-
hornfels (4)
-
impactites (2)
-
lapis lazuli (1)
-
marbles (7)
-
metaigneous rocks
-
metabasalt (4)
-
metabasite (4)
-
metadiabase (2)
-
metadiorite (1)
-
metagabbro (4)
-
metagranite (3)
-
metaperidotite (1)
-
metatuff (1)
-
serpentinite (3)
-
-
metaplutonic rocks (2)
-
metasedimentary rocks
-
khondalite (2)
-
metaconglomerate (2)
-
metagraywacke (1)
-
metapelite (9)
-
paragneiss (4)
-
shungite (1)
-
-
metasomatic rocks
-
greisen (6)
-
serpentinite (3)
-
skarn (27)
-
-
metavolcanic rocks (7)
-
migmatites
-
anatexite (2)
-
-
mylonites
-
pseudotachylite (1)
-
-
phyllonites (1)
-
quartzites (20)
-
schists
-
biotite schist (1)
-
blueschist (1)
-
chlorite schist (1)
-
greenschist (2)
-
greenstone (1)
-
-
slates (1)
-
-
metamorphism (113)
-
metasomatism (129)
-
meteorites
-
stony meteorites
-
achondrites
-
lunar meteorites (1)
-
Martian meteorites
-
SNC Meteorites (1)
-
-
-
chondrites
-
ordinary chondrites
-
H chondrites
-
Tieschitz Meteorite (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Mexico
-
Baja California (2)
-
Baja California Mexico (4)
-
Chiapas Mexico (2)
-
Chihuahua Mexico (4)
-
Coahuila Mexico (2)
-
Durango Mexico (1)
-
Guerrero Terrane (1)
-
Hidalgo Mexico (1)
-
La Popa Basin (3)
-
Mexico state
-
Federal District Mexico
-
Mexico City Mexico (1)
-
-
-
Michoacan Mexico (1)
-
Nuevo Leon Mexico (2)
-
Oaxaca Mexico (3)
-
Queretaro Mexico (1)
-
Sabinas Basin (1)
-
Sierra Madre Occidental (2)
-
Sierra Madre Oriental (3)
-
Sonora Mexico
-
La Caridad Mine (2)
-
-
Trans-Mexican volcanic belt (3)
-
Valley of Mexico (1)
-
Veracruz Mexico (1)
-
Yucatan Mexico (1)
-
-
micropaleontology (1)
-
mineral deposits, genesis (196)
-
mineral exploration (93)
-
mineral resources (6)
-
mineralogy (15)
-
minerals (8)
-
mining geology (7)
-
Mohorovicic discontinuity (12)
-
Moon (3)
-
mud volcanoes (2)
-
museums (4)
-
nitrogen
-
N-15/N-14 (1)
-
-
noble gases
-
argon
-
Ar-36 (1)
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (5)
-
-
helium
-
He-4 (1)
-
He-4/He-3 (4)
-
-
neon
-
Ne-22/Ne-21 (1)
-
-
radon (1)
-
xenon
-
Xe-136/Xe-130 (1)
-
-
-
nodules (1)
-
North America
-
Appalachian Basin (8)
-
Appalachians
-
Appalachian Plateau (1)
-
Blue Ridge Mountains (1)
-
Blue Ridge Province (1)
-
Central Appalachians (2)
-
Piedmont (2)
-
Southern Appalachians (8)
-
Valley and Ridge Province (3)
-
-
Basin and Range Province
-
Great Basin (28)
-
-
Belt Basin (12)
-
Canadian Shield
-
Churchill Province
-
Hearne Province (11)
-
Rae Province (1)
-
Snowbird tectonic zone (1)
-
-
Flin Flon Belt (2)
-
Grenville Province
-
Central Metasedimentary Belt (4)
-
-
Nain Province (1)
-
Slave Province (4)
-
Superior Province
-
Abitibi Belt (5)
-
Wabigoon Belt (2)
-
-
Taltson magmatic zone (1)
-
-
Champlain Valley (1)
-
Coast plutonic complex (2)
-
Dakota Aquifer (1)
-
Denali Fault (2)
-
Disturbed Belt (5)
-
Glacier National Park (8)
-
Great Lakes
-
Lake Michigan (1)
-
-
Great Plains
-
Northern Great Plains (17)
-
-
Grenville Front (1)
-
Gulf Coastal Plain (22)
-
Hueco Bolson (2)
-
Intermontane Belt (6)
-
Keweenawan Rift (2)
-
Kootenay Arc (4)
-
Michigan Basin (7)
-
Mississippi River basin (2)
-
Missouri River basin (1)
-
Niagara Escarpment (1)
-
North American Cordillera
-
Canadian Cordillera (52)
-
-
North American Craton (6)
-
Okanagan Valley (1)
-
Okanogan Range (1)
-
Omineca Belt (10)
-
Pedregosa Basin (2)
-
Peninsular Ranges Batholith (1)
-
Purcell Mountains (5)
-
Rio Grande Rift (14)
-
Rocky Mountain Trench (2)
-
Rocky Mountains
-
Canadian Rocky Mountains (31)
-
Central Rocky Mountains (2)
-
Northern Rocky Mountains (33)
-
Southern Rocky Mountains (15)
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains
-
Absaroka Range
-
Beartooth Mountains (13)
-
-
Big Belt Mountains (1)
-
Bighorn Mountains (14)
-
Bitterroot Range
-
Beaverhead Mountains (5)
-
-
Bridger Range (5)
-
Flint Creek Range (2)
-
Gravelly Range (2)
-
Laramie Mountains (5)
-
Little Belt Mountains (3)
-
Medicine Bow Mountains (4)
-
Owl Creek Mountains (9)
-
San Juan Mountains (8)
-
Sangre de Cristo Mountains (8)
-
Sawatch Range (3)
-
Spanish Peaks (3)
-
Tendoy Range (1)
-
Tobacco Root Mountains (10)
-
Uinta Mountains (11)
-
Wasatch Range (4)
-
Wet Mountains (2)
-
Wind River Range (11)
-
-
-
Rocky Mountains foreland (13)
-
Saint Lawrence Lowlands (1)
-
Shuswap Complex (2)
-
Skagit Valley (1)
-
Sonoran Desert (1)
-
Sweetgrass Arch (11)
-
Tintina Fault (1)
-
Transcontinental Arch (5)
-
Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (42)
-
Western Interior
-
Western Interior Seaway (45)
-
-
Western Overthrust Belt (14)
-
Williston Basin (105)
-
Yakutat Terrane (2)
-
Yukon-Tanana Terrane (7)
-
-
Northern Hemisphere (1)
-
nuclear facilities (1)
-
ocean basins (4)
-
ocean circulation (1)
-
Ocean Drilling Program
-
Leg 194
-
ODP Site 1193 (1)
-
-
Leg 208
-
ODP Site 1262 (1)
-
-
ODP Site 735 (1)
-
ODP Site 801 (1)
-
-
ocean floors (7)
-
Oceania
-
Melanesia
-
Fiji
-
Viti Levu
-
Tavua Fiji (1)
-
-
-
New Caledonia (1)
-
Vanuatu (1)
-
-
Polynesia
-
Hawaii
-
Hawaii County Hawaii
-
Hawaii Island
-
Hilo Hawaii (1)
-
Hualalai (1)
-
Kilauea (3)
-
Kohala (1)
-
Mauna Kea (1)
-
-
-
Honolulu County Hawaii
-
Oahu
-
Honolulu Hawaii (1)
-
-
-
Kauai County Hawaii
-
Kauai (1)
-
-
Mauna Loa (2)
-
-
-
-
oil and gas fields (100)
-
orogeny (155)
-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (137)
-
-
Pacific Coast (5)
-
Pacific Ocean
-
East Pacific
-
Northeast Pacific
-
Cascadia Basin (1)
-
Gulf of California (1)
-
Juan de Fuca Ridge (1)
-
Mendocino fracture zone (1)
-
-
Southeast Pacific
-
Nazca Ridge (1)
-
-
-
North Pacific
-
Bering Sea
-
Aleutian Basin (1)
-
-
Northeast Pacific
-
Cascadia Basin (1)
-
Gulf of California (1)
-
Juan de Fuca Ridge (1)
-
Mendocino fracture zone (1)
-
-
Northwest Pacific
-
Pigafetta Basin (1)
-
Shatsky Rise (2)
-
South China Sea
-
Malay Basin (1)
-
Yinggehai Basin (1)
-
-
Yellow Sea
-
Bohai Sea
-
Bohai Bay (5)
-
-
-
-
-
Pacific Basin (1)
-
South Pacific
-
Southeast Pacific
-
Nazca Ridge (1)
-
-
Southwest Pacific
-
Coral Sea
-
Marion Plateau (1)
-
-
-
-
West Pacific
-
Northwest Pacific
-
Pigafetta Basin (1)
-
Shatsky Rise (2)
-
South China Sea
-
Malay Basin (1)
-
Yinggehai Basin (1)
-
-
Yellow Sea
-
Bohai Sea
-
Bohai Bay (5)
-
-
-
-
Southwest Pacific
-
Coral Sea
-
Marion Plateau (1)
-
-
-
-
-
paleobotany (5)
-
paleoclimatology (161)
-
paleoecology (184)
-
paleogeography (317)
-
paleomagnetism (86)
-
paleontology (65)
-
Paleozoic
-
Bedford Shale (1)
-
Berea Sandstone (1)
-
Bird Spring Formation (1)
-
Cambrian
-
Brigham Group (2)
-
Lancara Formation (1)
-
Lower Cambrian
-
Gog Group (1)
-
Terreneuvian
-
Fortunian (1)
-
-
-
Middle Cambrian
-
Flathead Sandstone (3)
-
-
Pioche Shale (1)
-
Upper Cambrian
-
Dresbachian (1)
-
Furongian
-
Jiangshanian (2)
-
-
Mount Simon Sandstone (1)
-
Orr Formation (1)
-
Pilgrim Formation (1)
-
Potsdam Sandstone (1)
-
Steptoean (3)
-
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Albert Formation (1)
-
Amsden Formation (4)
-
Benxi Formation (1)
-
Big Snowy Group (1)
-
Ely Limestone (1)
-
Lower Carboniferous
-
Dinantian (9)
-
-
Mississippian
-
Barnett Shale (2)
-
Charles Formation (4)
-
Leadville Formation (1)
-
Lower Mississippian
-
Chappel Limestone (1)
-
Cuyahoga Formation (1)
-
Fort Payne Formation (1)
-
Kinderhookian
-
Banff Formation (7)
-
-
Lake Valley Formation (4)
-
Lodgepole Formation (22)
-
Osagian
-
Burlington Limestone (2)
-
-
Tournaisian
-
upper Tournaisian (1)
-
-
-
Madison Group (35)
-
Middle Mississippian
-
Visean (5)
-
-
Mission Canyon Limestone (9)
-
Redwall Limestone (2)
-
Upper Mississippian
-
Chesterian
-
Golconda Formation (1)
-
Imo Formation (1)
-
-
Fayetteville Formation (1)
-
Greenbrier Limestone (1)
-
Hartselle Sandstone (1)
-
Heath Formation (2)
-
Meramecian
-
Saint Louis Limestone (1)
-
Sainte Genevieve Limestone (1)
-
Warsaw Formation (1)
-
-
Pitkin Limestone (1)
-
Serpukhovian (3)
-
-
Windsor Group (1)
-
-
Pennsylvanian
-
Lower Pennsylvanian
-
Bashkirian (1)
-
Morrowan (1)
-
-
Middle Pennsylvanian
-
Allegheny Group (1)
-
Atokan (1)
-
Carbondale Formation (2)
-
Desmoinesian (1)
-
Moscovian (5)
-
Paradox Formation (1)
-
Tradewater Formation (1)
-
-
Minturn Formation (3)
-
Morrow Formation (1)
-
Upper Pennsylvanian
-
Gzhelian (1)
-
Kasimovian (1)
-
Missourian (1)
-
Virgilian (1)
-
Wescogame Formation (1)
-
-
Watahomigi Formation (1)
-
-
Upper Carboniferous
-
Westphalian (1)
-
-
-
Chattanooga Shale (1)
-
Cow Head Group (1)
-
Deadwood Formation (6)
-
Devonian
-
Beaverhill Lake Group (4)
-
Guilmette Formation (1)
-
Heemskirk Granite (1)
-
Keg River Formation (4)
-
Lower Devonian
-
Emsian (2)
-
Lochkovian (1)
-
Pragian (1)
-
-
Middle Devonian
-
Eifelian (2)
-
Elk Point Group (3)
-
Givetian (6)
-
Hamilton Group (1)
-
Marcellus Shale (1)
-
Moscow Formation (1)
-
Prairie Evaporite (8)
-
Winnipegosis Formation (6)
-
-
Muth Quartzite (1)
-
Old Red Sandstone (1)
-
Ponta Grossa Formation (1)
-
Slave Point Formation (2)
-
Swan Hills Formation (4)
-
Traverse Group (1)
-
Upper Devonian
-
Birdbear Formation (1)
-
Duperow Formation (2)
-
Famennian
-
upper Famennian (2)
-
Wabamun Group (6)
-
-
Frasnian
-
Leduc Formation (2)
-
-
Grosmont Formation (4)
-
Jefferson Group (7)
-
Nisku Formation (4)
-
Ohio Shale (1)
-
Palliser Formation (4)
-
-
-
Ellis Bay Formation (1)
-
Exshaw Formation (15)
-
Hunton Group (1)
-
Lisburne Group (2)
-
lower Paleozoic (14)
-
middle Paleozoic (3)
-
Minnelusa Formation (1)
-
New Albany Shale (2)
-
Ordovician
-
Eureka Quartzite (1)
-
Lower Ordovician
-
Tremadocian (3)
-
-
Meguma Group (1)
-
Middle Ordovician
-
Saint Peter Sandstone (1)
-
Table Head Group (1)
-
Whiterockian (1)
-
Winnipeg Formation (3)
-
-
Montoya Group (2)
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Ashgillian (2)
-
Bighorn Dolomite (6)
-
Caradocian (1)
-
Cincinnatian
-
Richmondian (3)
-
-
Fairview Formation (2)
-
Hirnantian (2)
-
Katian (5)
-
Kope Formation (2)
-
Maquoketa Formation (1)
-
Mohawkian (1)
-
Red River Formation (11)
-
Whitewater Formation (2)
-
Yeoman Formation (3)
-
-
-
Permian
-
Coconino Sandstone (1)
-
Cutler Formation (2)
-
Ecca Group (1)
-
Eskridge Shale (1)
-
Guadalupian
-
Capitan Formation (1)
-
Capitanian (3)
-
Roadian (1)
-
-
Kaibab Formation (3)
-
Khuff Formation (1)
-
Lower Permian
-
Abo Formation (1)
-
Cisuralian
-
Artinskian (1)
-
Kungurian (3)
-
-
Leonardian (1)
-
Opeche Shale (1)
-
Wolfcampian (1)
-
-
Lyons Sandstone (3)
-
Maokou Formation (1)
-
McCloud Limestone (1)
-
Meade Peak Member (5)
-
Middle Permian (5)
-
Newcastle Coal Measures (1)
-
Park City Formation (6)
-
Phosphoria Formation (13)
-
Retort Phosphatic Shale Member (1)
-
Rotliegendes (2)
-
Stearns Shale (1)
-
Toroweap Formation (1)
-
Upper Permian
-
Lopingian
-
Changhsingian (1)
-
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (14)
-
Zechstein (2)
-
-
Yeso Formation (1)
-
-
Pilot Shale (2)
-
Sauk Sequence (4)
-
Silurian
-
Lower Silurian
-
Grimsby Sandstone (2)
-
Llandovery (2)
-
Wenlock (2)
-
-
Middle Silurian
-
Guelph Formation (1)
-
-
Niagaran (1)
-
Upper Silurian
-
Ludlow (3)
-
Pridoli (1)
-
Salina Group (1)
-
-
-
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Worcester County Massachusetts (1)
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Michigan
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Michigan Lower Peninsula
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Michigan Upper Peninsula
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Midcontinent (11)
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Midwest (9)
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Minnesota
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Brown County Minnesota (1)
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Duluth Complex (1)
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Minnesota River valley (1)
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Nicollet County Minnesota (1)
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Mississippi
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Mississippi Valley
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Missouri
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New Madrid County Missouri (1)
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Saint Louis Missouri (1)
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Scott County Missouri (1)
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Missouri River (3)
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Montana
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Beaverhead County Montana
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Big Belt Mountains (1)
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Chouteau County Montana (1)
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Crazy Mountains Basin (1)
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Deer Lodge County Montana (7)
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Fallon County Montana (1)
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Fergus County Montana (5)
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Flathead County Montana (5)
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Flint Creek Range (2)
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Gallatin County Montana
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Hebgen Lake (7)
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Three Forks Montana (2)
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Garfield County Montana (8)
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Glacier County Montana (8)
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Granite County Montana (8)
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Gravelly Range (2)
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Hill County Montana (2)
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Jefferson County Montana (14)
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Lewis and Clark County Montana
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Helena Montana (2)
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Liberty County Montana (3)
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Lincoln County Montana (3)
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Little Belt Mountains (3)
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Madison County Montana
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Tobacco Root Mountains (10)
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McCone County Montana (3)
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Meagher County Montana (1)
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Missoula County Montana (3)
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Park County Montana (7)
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Ravalli County Montana (3)
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Silver Bow County Montana
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Butte Montana (4)
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Stillwater County Montana (5)
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Sweet Grass County Montana (2)
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Teton County Montana (5)
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Toole County Montana (2)
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Valley County Montana (1)
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Wheatland County Montana (1)
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Moxa Arch (7)
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Nebraska
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Box Butte County Nebraska (1)
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Nevada
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Esmeralda County Nevada (3)
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Humboldt County Nevada
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Roberts Mountains Allochthon (3)
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Washoe County Nevada
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New Mexico
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Datil-Mogollon volcanic field (2)
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Dona Ana County New Mexico
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McKinley County New Mexico (2)
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Picuris Range (3)
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Quay County New Mexico (2)
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Rio Arriba County New Mexico
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Nacimiento Mountains (1)
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San Juan County New Mexico (6)
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Taos Plateau (1)
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New York
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North Carolina
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North Dakota
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Ohio
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Athens County Ohio
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Butler County Ohio (1)
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Ohio River valley (1)
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Oklahoma
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Arbuckle Mountains (1)
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Oregon
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Pennsylvania
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South Carolina
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South Dakota
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Southern Oklahoma Aulacogen (1)
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Southwestern U.S. (12)
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Tennessee
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Shelby County Tennessee
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Texas
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Amarillo Uplift (1)
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Fort Worth Basin (4)
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Trinity Aquifer (1)
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U. S. Rocky Mountains
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Absaroka Range
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Bitterroot Range
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Uinta Basin (7)
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Utah
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Bingham mining district (3)
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Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument (3)
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Virginia
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Washington
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West Virginia
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Western U.S. (96)
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Wisconsin
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Wyoming
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Teapot Dome (1)
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Teton National Forest (1)
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Washakie County Wyoming (6)
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Wyoming Province (42)
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volcanology (4)
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waste disposal (7)
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water resources (4)
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weathering (47)
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well-logging (21)
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X-ray analysis (3)
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rock formations
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Alpine Schist (1)
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Alum Shale Formation (1)
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Arcadia Formation (1)
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Beaufort Group (2)
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Beaverhead Formation (9)
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Blackstone Formation (1)
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Chugwater Formation (3)
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Deccan Traps (3)
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Denver Formation (4)
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Difunta Group (1)
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Elliot Formation (1)
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Emeishan Basalts (2)
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Empire Formation (1)
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Famatina System (1)
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Fort Union Formation (29)
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Goose Egg Formation (2)
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Halfway Formation (1)
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Hazelton Group (1)
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Intertrappean Beds (1)
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J Sandstone (2)
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Jacobsville Sandstone (1)
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Karoo Supergroup (1)
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Lopez de Bertodano Formation (1)
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Louann Salt (1)
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Lucas Formation (1)
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Monashee Complex (3)
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Monterey Formation (4)
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Nama Group (3)
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Nanaimo Group (8)
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North Horn Formation (2)
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Ocoee Supergroup (1)
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Paskapoo Formation (18)
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Peace River Formation (2)
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Pelona Schist (1)
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Potrerillos Formation (1)
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Raton Formation (1)
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Riggins Group (1)
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Rundle Group (3)
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Santa Cruz Formation (1)
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Sheep Pass Formation (1)
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Siberian Traps (1)
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Spearfish Formation (2)
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Taylor Group (1)
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Tyler Formation (6)
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Valhalla Complex (2)
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Wapiti Formation (4)
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Wood Canyon Formation (1)
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sedimentary rocks
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calcrete (2)
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contourite (1)
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flysch (1)
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molasse (2)
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oolite (2)
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sedimentary rocks
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bauxite (2)
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bone beds (15)
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carbonate rocks
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boundstone
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bafflestone (1)
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chalk (2)
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dolostone (27)
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grainstone (12)
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limestone
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coquina (2)
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micrite (5)
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packstone (10)
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rudstone (1)
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travertine (3)
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wackestone (11)
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chemically precipitated rocks
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chert (17)
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evaporites
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salt (6)
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flint (1)
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iron formations
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banded iron formations (4)
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phosphate rocks (5)
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siliceous sinter (3)
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tufa (1)
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-
clastic rocks
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arenite
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litharenite (2)
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quartz arenite (6)
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sublitharenite (4)
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-
argillite (6)
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arkose (4)
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bentonite (17)
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black shale (19)
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claystone (4)
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conglomerate
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quartz-pebble conglomerate (1)
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-
diamictite (6)
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diatomite (1)
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eolianite (5)
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graywacke (4)
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marl (7)
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mudstone (104)
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orthoquartzite (2)
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red beds (20)
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sandstone (255)
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sedimentary breccia (1)
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shale (95)
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siltstone (38)
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subarkose (2)
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tillite (2)
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coal
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bituminous coal (1)
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lignite (2)
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gas shale (1)
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oil sands (7)
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oil shale
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kukersite (3)
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torbanite (1)
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shell beds (4)
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siliciclastics (32)
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tempestite (3)
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volcaniclastics (23)
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sedimentary structures
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borings (5)
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boudinage (3)
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burrows (18)
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channels (32)
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coprolites (8)
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laminite (9)
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mounds (4)
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sedimentary structures
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bedding plane irregularities
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ripple marks (9)
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sand waves (1)
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biogenic structures
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algal structures
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algal mats (3)
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banks (2)
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bioturbation (32)
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stromatolites (16)
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thrombolites (5)
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graded bedding (4)
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planar bedding structures
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bedding (10)
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cross-bedding (19)
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cross-laminations (3)
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cross-stratification (18)
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cut and fill (1)
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cyclothems (3)
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hummocky cross-stratification (11)
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imbrication (2)
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laminations (21)
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rhythmic bedding (2)
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ripple drift-cross laminations (4)
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sand bodies (11)
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primary structures (2)
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rhizoliths (5)
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secondary structures
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concretions (14)
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seismites (8)
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soft sediment deformation
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clastic dikes (5)
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slump structures (1)
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sole marks (1)
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turbidity current structures
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stratification (8)
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striations (1)
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tracks (17)
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sediments
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contourite (1)
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oolite (2)
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sediments
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carbonate sediments (2)
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clastic sediments
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boulders (4)
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clay (9)
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GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Epoch and Age
Book Series
Date
Availability
southwestern Montana
Dillon cutoff-Basement-involved tectonic link between the disturbed belt of west-central Montana and the overthrust belt of extreme southwestern Montana Available to Purchase
Cretaceous rocks from southwestern Montana to southwestern Minnesota, northern Rocky Mountains, and Great Plains Available to Purchase
In Montana, Wyoming, North and South Dakota, and Minnesota, Cretaceous strata are preserved in the asymmetric Western Interior foreland basin. More than 5,200 m (17,000 ft) of Cretaceous strata are present in southwestern Montana, less than 300 m (1,000 ft) in eastern South Dakota. The asymmetry resulted from varying rates of subsidence due to tectonic and sediment loading. The strata consist primarily of sandstone, siltstone, mudstone, and shale. Conglomerate is locally abundant along the western margin, whereas carbonate is present in most areas of the eastern shelf. Sediment was deposited in both marine and nonmarine environments as the shoreline fluctuated during major tectonic and eustatic cycles. A discussion of Cretaceous strata from southwestern to east-central Montana, the Black Hills, eastern South Dakota, and southwestern Minnesota shows regional stratigraphy and facies relations, sequence, boundaries, and biostratigraphic and radiometric correlations. The thick Cretaceous strata in southwestern Montana typify nonmarine facies of the rapidly subsiding westernmost part of the basin. These strata include more than 3,000 m (10,000 ft) of synorogenic conglomerate of the Upper Cretaceous part of the Beaverhead Group. West of the Madison Range, sequence boundaries bracket the Kootenai (Aptian and Albian), the Blackleaf (Albian and Cenomanian), and the Frontier Formations (Cenomanian and Turonian); sequence boundaries are difficult to recognize because the rocks are dominantly non-marine. Cretaceous strata in east-central Montana (about 1,371 m; 4,500 ft thick) lie at the approximate depositional axis of the basin and are mostly marine terrigenous rocks. Chert-pebble zones in these rocks reflect stratigraphic breaks that may correlate with sequence boundaries to the east and west. Cretaceous rocks of the Black Hills region consist of a predominantly marine clastic sequence averaging approximately 1,524 m (5,000 ft) thick. The Cretaceous System in eastern South Dakota (457 to 610 m; 1,500 to 2,000 ft thick) consists of a marine shelf sequence dominated by shale and limestone. Major sequence boundaries in South Dakota are at the base of the Lower Cretaceous Lakota Formation, Fall River Sandstone, and Muddy Sandstone, and bracket the Upper Cretaceous Niobrara Formation.
Late-stage dextral transpression in the Paleoproterozoic Big Sky Orogen of southwestern Montana: Implications for shear zone heterogeneity and evolution of the northern Wyoming craton Available to Purchase
Kilometer-scale recumbent folding, tectonic attenuation, and rotational shear in the western Anaconda Range, southwestern Montana, USA Open Access
Eocene Andesitic Adakite from Lone Mountain, Southwestern Montana Available to Purchase
Foreland basin response to middle Cretaceous thrust belt evolution, southwestern Montana, USA Open Access
PALEOECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF WESTERN UNITED STATES NONMARINE OSTRACODS DURING THE EOCENE–OLIGOCENE TRANSITION: THE EARLY OLIGOCENE FAUNAS OF THE RENOVA FORMATION, SOUTHWESTERN MONTANA Available to Purchase
Facies and stratigraphic architecture of the Upper Devonian–Lower Mississippian Sappington Formation, southwestern Montana: A potential outcrop analog for the Bakken Formation Available to Purchase
Depositional history and provenance of Paleogene strata in the Sage Creek basin, southwestern Montana Open Access
Shallow seismic detection of the fault zone associated with a high scarp in southwestern Montana Available to Purchase
The Yellowstone and Regal talc mines and their geologic setting in southwestern Montana Available to Purchase
Abstract We summarize the geologic settings, generalized geology, and inferred conditions of talc formation for two major deposits in southwestern Montana. Imerys Talc operates the Yellowstone Mine in the Gravelly Range. Barretts Minerals Inc., a subsidiary of Minerals Technologies Incorporated, mines talc from two large deposits—the Regal and the Treasure—in the southern Ruby Range. Talc mineralization in southwestern Montana is associated with hydrothermal alteration of Archean dolomitic marbles along faults in the southern margin of the middle Proterozoic Belt Seaway. Conditions of talc formation appear to have varied across the region and probably range from shallow hot spring systems to connate brine circulation pathways in Belt basin sediments. A road log description of the geology along a loop from Bozeman to Dillon, Montana, to visit both the Yellowstone and Regal talc mines accompanies this paper.
Paleogene postcompressional intermontane basin evolution along the frontal Cordilleran fold-and-thrust belt of southwestern Montana Available to Purchase
Paleomagnetism and geochronology of sills of the Doherty Mountain area, southwestern Montana: Implications for the timing of fold-and-thrust belt deformation and vertical-axis rotations along the southern margin of the Helena salient Available to Purchase
Upper Mississippian Antler Foreland Basin Carbonate and Siliciclastic Rocks, East-Central Idaho and Southwestern Montana, U.S.A.: Distinguishing Tectonic and Eustatic Controls on Deposition Available to Purchase
Abstract A regional study, based on detailed descriptions of 17 outcrops across east-central Idaho and southwestern Montana, provides a dip-oriented cross section in which to better understand the distribution of Upper Mississippian (Chesterian) stratigraphy on the distal margin of the Antler foreland basin. Chesterian strata constitute an eastward-thinning wedge of mixed carbonate and siliciclastic rocks that formed on a west-facing ramp. Foreland-basin tectonism subdivided the ramp into three distinct depositional settings: the western, central, and eastern ramp. The western ramp records nearly continuous Chesterian deposition, whereas the central and eastern ramps have significant unconformities. Mud-rich subtidal carbonate predominates on the western ramp, but this interfingered during the late Chesterian with tidally influenced siliciclastics. The central ramp contains an intraramp basin with deep subtidal siliciclastics and carbonate that formed adjacent to shallower-water facies to the west and east. The eastern ramp has mostly peritidal carbonate and shallow marine to fluvial siliciclastics, but a transgression from the north during the late Chesterian inundated this portion of the ramp with open marine carbonate. New conodont biostratigraphic constraints indicate that these Chesterian strata are a second-order megasequence (10-12 My duration) composed of more than seven third-order depositional sequences (S0-S7), each having a duration of 1-5 My. The sequences are grouped into three composite sequences (I, II, and III) that define long-term changes in accommodation controlled by syndepositional tectonism. Composite sequence I was deposited during a period of tectonic loading that partitioned the ramp via subsidence loading and extension. Composite sequence II records a period of tectonic stabilization and deposition during the most extensive eustatic flooding, whereas composite sequence III is dominated by a localized subsidence event in the Big Snowy Trough. Higher-frequency (fourth- and fifth- order) parasequences are common throughout the study interval, but they are only locally correlative. A change from thick-bedded carbonate- dominated parasequences in the early and middle Chesterian to thinner-bedded mixed carbonate and siliciclastic parasequences in the late Chesterian likely reflects the onset of moderate- to high-amplitude, high-frequency eustatic fluctuations caused by the initiation of Gondwanan glaciation.
New 40 Ar/ 39 Ar age determinations and paleomagnetic results bearing on the tectonic and magmatic history of the northern Madison Range and Madison Valley region, southwestern Montana, U.S.A. Available to Purchase
Early Tertiary Anaconda Metamorphic Core Complex, southwestern Montana Available to Purchase
Late Quaternary paleoseismites: Syndepositional features and section restoration used to indicate paleoseismicity and stress-field orientations during faulting along the main Lima Reservoir Fault, southwestern Montana Available to Purchase
Full article available in PDF version.
A new insect and plant Lagerstätte from a Tertiary lake deposit along the Canyon Ferry Reservoir, southwestern Montana Available to Purchase
Cenozoic tilt domains in southwestern Montana: Interference among three generations of extensional fault systems Available to Purchase
Full article available in PDF version.