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(A) Seismic stations in southwestern Iceland (triangles) and Ölfus seismicity (dots) between 1 November 1997, and 13 November 1998, 5:35 p.m. (B) The Ölfus area and all microearthquakes used in this study, with the focal mechanism of the 13 November Mw 5.1 earthquake marked. The triangle is the seismic station BJA. The squares are the 26 events used for the composite focal mechanism. Surface faults and fissures are marked on the map as thin lines, mostly NNE–SSW striking (Saemundsson, 1995). Arrows indicate the direction of maximum horizontal stress, N30°E (Lund and Slunga, 1999). (C) and (D): N–S and E–W cross sections, respectively, of some of the high-accuracy relocations in the area indicating the directions of common seismogenic faults. Squares as in (B).

(A) Seismic stations in southwestern Iceland (triangles) and Ölfus seismic... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 August 2002
Figure 4. (A) Seismic stations in southwestern Iceland (triangles) and Ölfus seismicity (dots) between 1 November 1997, and 13 November 1998, 5:35 p.m. (B) The Ölfus area and all microearthquakes used in this study, with the focal mechanism of the 13 November M w 5.1 earthquake marked
Journal Article

MODERN FORAMINIFERAL FAUNAS OF THE SOUTHWESTERN TO NORTHERN ICELAND SHELF: OCEANOGRAPHIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS Available to Purchase

Anne E. Jennings, Nancy J. Weiner, Gudrun Helgadottir, John T. Andrews
Published: 01 July 2004
Journal of Foraminiferal Research (2004) 34 (3): 180–207.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2113/34.3.180
...Anne E. Jennings; Nancy J. Weiner; Gudrun Helgadottir; John T. Andrews Abstract Surface sediment samples for analysis of modern foraminiferal assemblages were collected from 32 sites on the western and northern Iceland shelf during cruise B997 of the Icelandic ship Bjarni Saemundsson. The purpose...
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View PDF for article title, MODERN FORAMINIFERAL FAUNAS OF THE <span class="search-highlight">SOUTHWESTERN</span> TO NORTHERN <span class="search-highlight">ICELAND</span> SHELF: OCEANOGRAPHIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS
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Journal Article

Deep magma mobilization years before the 2021 CE Fagradalsfjall eruption, Iceland Open Access

M. Kahl, E.J.F. Mutch, J. Maclennan, D.J. Morgan, F. Couperthwaite, E. Bali, T. Thordarson, G.H. Guðfinnsson, R. Walshaw, I. Buisman, S. Buhre, Q.H.A. van der Meer, A. Caracciolo, E.W. Marshall, M.B. Rasmussen, C.R. Gallagher, W.M. Moreland, Á. Höskuldsson, R.A. Askew
Journal: Geology
Published: 20 December 2022
Geology (2023) 51 (2): 184–188.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/G50340.1
... of volcanic systems play a key role in the priming, initiation, and duration of eruptions. Causative links between initial magmatic unrest at depth and eruption triggering remain poorly constrained. The 2021 CE eruption at Fagradalsfjall in southwestern Iceland, the first deep-sourced eruption on a spreading...
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View PDF for article title, Deep magma mobilization years before the 2021 CE Fagradalsfjall eruption, <span class="search-highlight">Iceland</span>
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Journal Article

Earthquake mechanisms from linear-programming inversion of seismic-wave amplitude ratios Available to Purchase

Bruce R. Julian, G. R. Foulger
Published: 01 August 1996
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (1996) 86 (4): 972–980.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0860040972
... on inequality constraint for an amplitude ratio takes the same mathematical form as a polarity observation. Three-component digital data for an earthquake at the Hengill-Grensdalur geothermal area in southwestern Iceland illustrate the power of the method. Polarities of P , SH , and SV waves, unusually well...
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Non-double-couple earthquakes at the Hengill-Grensdalur volcanic complex, Iceland: Are they artifacts of crustal heterogeneity? Available to Purchase

Gillian R. Foulger, Bruce R. Julian
Published: 01 February 1993
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (1993) 83 (1): 38–52.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0830010038
... in southwestern Iceland. Of 178 microearthquakes recorded by a 23-station network in the summer of 1981, 84, or 47%, have non-DC mechanisms, based on conventional interpretation of P -wave first motions using a one-dimensional crustal model. In this paper, we re-analyze the best constrained of these events...
View PDF for article title, Non-double-couple earthquakes at the Hengill-Grensdalur volcanic complex, <span class="search-highlight">Iceland</span>: Are they artifacts of crustal heterogeneity?
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Directional spectral analysis and filtering of geophysical maps Available to Purchase

Freyr Thorarinsson, Stefan G. Magnusson, Axel Bjornsson
Journal: Geophysics
Published: 01 December 1988
Geophysics (1988) 53 (12): 1587–1591.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1442440
... with individual peaks in the spectrum are then separated from the map data by directional filtering and studied independently of other map features.Gravity and magnetic maps from an active rift area in southwestern Iceland are analyzed in this manner. The agreement between the filtered maps is good and they fit...
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Journal Article

Contribution a l'etude vulcanologique et morphologique de l'Islande sud-ouest Available to Purchase

Pierre Bout
Published: 01 January 1953
Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France (1953) S6-III (1-3): 187–204.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.S6-III.1-3.187
...Pierre Bout Abstract Volcanologic and geomorphic studies in southwestern Iceland show that (1) the basalt breccias of the palagonite deposits exhibit striking analogies with those of Velay (Haute-Loire, France), and similarly seem to be of directly eruptive origin; (2) the fissured domes of certain...
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Study location and lava flow map. (A) Overview of eruption products along the Reykjanes Peninsula in southwestern Iceland. Bold red names indicate volcanic systems along the Reykjanes Peninsula. Inset: Map of neo-volcanic zones and belts in Iceland. NVZ—Northern Volcanic Zone; EVZ—Eastern Volcanic Zone; WVZ—Western Volcanic Zone; MIB—Mid-Iceland Belt; RVB—Reykjanes Volcanic Belt. Red square is location of the Fagradalsfjall lava flow field (i.e., Fagradalshraun) shown in B. (B) Flow map depicting the extent of Fagradalshraun as of 08 August 2021. Black circles and numbers in inset indicate eruptive vents.

Study location and lava flow map. (A) Overview of eruption products along t... Open Access

Published: 20 December 2022
Figure 1. Study location and lava flow map. (A) Overview of eruption products along the Reykjanes Peninsula in southwestern Iceland. Bold red names indicate volcanic systems along the Reykjanes Peninsula. Inset: Map of neo-volcanic zones and belts in Iceland. NVZ—Northern Volcanic Zone; EVZ
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The southwestern part of Iceland. Dotted lines outline the western volcanic zone (WVZ) and the presently more active eastern volcanic zone (EVZ). The South Iceland seismic zone (SISZ) is indicated, as well as its prolongation in the Reykjanes Peninsula (RP). The direction of the relative plate motion is shown by arrows. The faults (in white) of the two large earthquakes that ruptured on 17 June and 21 June 2000 are indicated by 17 and 21, and 10-km-wide boxes around the faults are shown. The epicenters of earthquakes having M≥0 from mid-year 1991 to the end of 1994 are shown by small circles. This period of time is selected to show the activity in a relatively calm seismic period in the zone; the exception was Hengill volcano at the western end of the SISZ, where high activity of small earthquakes started in 1994.

The southwestern part of Iceland. Dotted lines outline the western volcanic... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 August 2011
Figure 2. The southwestern part of Iceland. Dotted lines outline the western volcanic zone (WVZ) and the presently more active eastern volcanic zone (EVZ). The South Iceland seismic zone (SISZ) is indicated, as well as its prolongation in the Reykjanes Peninsula (RP). The direction
Journal Article

From Cosmic Explosions to Terrestrial Fires? A Discussion Available to Purchase

Frédéric Deschamps, Fabrice Mottez
Published: 01 July 2020
The Journal of Geology (2020) 128 (4): 389–391.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/709750
... , A. ; Prévot , M. ; Thompson , J. ; and Roberts , N. 1999 . An attempt to determine the absolute geomagnetic field intensity in southwestern Iceland during the Gauss-Matuyama reversal . Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. 115 : 53 – 66 . Harrison , R. G. , and Stephenson , D. B. 2006...
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Normal Faulting during the August 1989 Earthquakes in Central Afar: Sequential Triggering and Propagation of Rupture along the Dôbi Graben Available to Purchase

E. Jacques, T. Kidane, P. Tapponnier, I. Manighetti, Y. Gaudemer, B. Meyer, J. C. Ruegg, L. Audin, R. Armijo
Published: 01 June 2011
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2011) 101 (3): 994–1023.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0120080317
.... The largest shocks at 11h16 on 20 August 1989 ( M S 6.2) and at 1h09 on 21 August 1989 ( M S 6.3) ruptured southern segments of the southwestern bounding fault of the graben. A dozen other faults also slipped along the edges of, and inside, the graben. On average, triggered seismic faulting propagated about...
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View PDF for article title, Normal Faulting during the August 1989 Earthquakes in Central Afar: Sequential Triggering and Propagation of Rupture along the Dôbi Graben
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Journal Article

Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 72: Southwest Atlantic paleocirculation and Rio Grande rise tectonics Available to Purchase

PETER F. BARKER, RICHARD L. CARLSON, DAVID A. JOHNSON, PAVEL ČEPEK, WILLIAM COULBOURN, LUIZ A. GAMBÔA, NORMAN HAMILTON, UBIRAJARA MELO, CLAUDE PUJOL, ALEXANDER N. SHOR, ALEXEY E. SUZYUMOV, LEONARD R. C. TJALSMA, WILLIAM H. WALTON, WOLFGANG WEISS
Journal: GSA Bulletin
Published: 01 May 1981
GSA Bulletin (1981) 92 (5): 294–309.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1981)92<294:DSDPLS>2.0.CO;2
... and early Eocene. The hiatus brackets the time of the proposed onset of AABW flow in the southwestern Pacific at ∼37 m.y.; however, evidence in the sediments at Site 515 suggests the presence of bottom-water circulation in the Brazil basin by early Eocene time. Sites 517 and 518 recovered calcareous...
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Observations and Analyses of Shear‐Wave Splitting in the Geothermal Field at Hengill, Iceland Available to Purchase

Chuanhai Tang, Jose A. Rial, Jonathan M. Lees
Published: 28 January 2015
Seismological Research Letters (2015) 86 (2A): 424–430.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0220190099
... is the Hengill volcanic center, which lies on the plate boundary between the North American and the European crustal plates in southwestern Iceland. The rifting of the two plates has opened a north‐northeast‐trending system of normal faults with frequent magma intrusions. The Hengill central volcano and its...
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View PDF for article title, Observations and Analyses of Shear‐Wave Splitting in the Geothermal Field at Hengill, <span class="search-highlight">Iceland</span>
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Journal Article

The scale of source heterogeneity beneath the Eastern neovolcanic zone, Iceland Available to Purchase

T. Furman, F. Frey, K.-H. Park
Published: 01 November 1995
Journal of the Geological Society (1995) 152 (6): 997–1002.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.JGS.1995.152.01.20
... volcanoes that erupt evolved lavas occur in many systems, and are often identified by the presence of a caldera. In northern, central and southwestern Iceland, erupted lavas are dominantly tholeiitic basalt (Jakobsson 1979; Oskarsson et al. 1982; Meyer et al. 1985); these neovolcanic zones represent...
View PDF for article title, The scale of source heterogeneity beneath the Eastern neovolcanic zone, <span class="search-highlight">Iceland</span>
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Journal Article

Estimation of source parameters and Q from acceleration recorded in the Vatnafjöll earthquake in south Iceland Available to Purchase

Símon Ólafsson, Ragnar Sigbjörnsson, Páll Einarsson
Published: 01 April 1998
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (1998) 88 (2): 556–563.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0880020556
... image of the Mid-Atlantic plate boundary in southwestern Iceland , J. Geophys. Res. 98 , 6607 - 6622 . Bjarnason I. T. Cowie P. Anders M. H...
View PDF for article title, Estimation of source parameters and Q from acceleration recorded in the Vatnafjöll earthquake in south <span class="search-highlight">Iceland</span>
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Journal Article

Ontong Java and Kerguelen Plateaux: Cretaceous Icelands? Available to Purchase

M. F. Coffin, L. M. Gahagan
Published: 01 November 1995
Journal of the Geological Society (1995) 152 (6): 1047–1052.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.JGS.1995.152.01.27
... Bjarnason I.T. Menke W. Flóvenz Ó.G. Caress D. Tomographic image of the mid-Atlantic plate boundary in southwestern Iceland Journal of Geophysical Research 1993 98 6607 6622 Bott M.P. Bott M.H.P. Saxov S. Talwani M. Thiede J. The crust beneath the Iceland...
View PDF for article title, Ontong Java and Kerguelen Plateaux: Cretaceous <span class="search-highlight">Icelands</span>?
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Post-glacial rebound of Iceland during the Holocene Available to Purchase

E. Le Breton, O. Dauteuil, G. Biessy
Published: 01 March 2010
Journal of the Geological Society (2010) 167 (2): 417–432.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1144/0016-76492008-126
.... Dauteuil O. Van Vliet-Lanöé B. Wayolle A. Fast and partitioned postglacial rebound of southwestern Iceland Tectonics 2008 27 TC3002 10.1029/2007TC002177 Björck S. Bennike O. Ingólfsson O. Barnekow L. Penney D.N. Lake Boksehandsken's earliest postglacial sediments...
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View PDF for article title, Post-glacial rebound of <span class="search-highlight">Iceland</span> during the Holocene
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Correlation of Microearthquake Body-Wave Spectral Amplitudes Available to Purchase

Björn Lund, Reynir Böđvarsson
Published: 01 August 2002
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2002) 92 (6): 2419–2433.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0119990156
...Figure 4. (A) Seismic stations in southwestern Iceland (triangles) and Ölfus seismicity (dots) between 1 November 1997, and 13 November 1998, 5:35 p.m. (B) The Ölfus area and all microearthquakes used in this study, with the focal mechanism of the 13 November M w 5.1 earthquake marked...
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Journal Article

Eemian estuarine record forced by glacio-isostasy (southern Iceland)—link with Greenland and deep sea records Available to Purchase

Brigitte Van Vliet-Lanoë, Jean-Luc Schneider, Águst Guðmundsson, Hervé Guillou, Sébastien Nomade, Gilles Chazot, Céline Liorzou, Solène Guégan
Published: 01 February 2018
Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (2018) 55 (2): 154–171.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2017-0126
... 2010 ). These factors have been analyzed in detail by Biessy et al. (2008) for southern Iceland. Fast rebound rates were estimated for the Skagi peninsula in northern Iceland (10 cm/year; Rundgren et al. 1997 ) and for southwestern Iceland (6.9 cm/year.; Ingólfsson et al. 1995 ). For the last...
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View PDF for article title, Eemian estuarine record forced by glacio-isostasy (southern <span class="search-highlight">Iceland</span>)—link with Greenland and deep sea records
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Magmatic and tectonic history of Iceland's western rift zone at Lake Thingvallavatn Available to Purchase

Jonathan M. Bull, Timothy A. Minshull, Neil C. Mitchell, Justin K. Dix, Jorunn Hardardottir
Journal: GSA Bulletin
Published: 01 November 2005
GSA Bulletin (2005) 117 (11-12): 1451–1465.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/B25729.1
... in southwestern Iceland, magmatic activity is focused into several volcanic centers. Fissures and faults strike parallel to the rift zone and are concentrated close to the central volcanoes. The Hengill volcanic system lies just southwest of Thingvallavatn ( Figs. 1 and 2 ) and consists of a central volcano...
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View PDF for article title, Magmatic and tectonic history of <span class="search-highlight">Iceland&#x27;s</span> western rift zone at Lake Thingvallavatn
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