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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Admiralty Bay (1)
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Africa
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Afar (1)
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West Pacific
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Pacific region
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polar regions (6)
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Chile
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United States
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Alexander Archipelago (13)
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Arizona
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Kern County California
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gold (14)
-
hafnium
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (57)
-
-
iron
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Fe-56/Fe-54 (2)
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ferric iron (5)
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ferrous iron (3)
-
-
lead
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (34)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (27)
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Pb-207/Pb-206 (10)
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Pb-208 (1)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (25)
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Pb-208/Pb-206 (4)
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Pb-210 (5)
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U-238/Pb-206 (1)
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manganese (2)
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mercury (5)
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molybdenum (2)
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nickel (8)
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niobium (9)
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platinum group
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iridium (4)
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iridium ores (1)
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osmium
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Os-188/Os-187 (8)
-
Re-187/Os-188 (5)
-
-
osmium ores (1)
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palladium (7)
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palladium ores (3)
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platinum (10)
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platinum ores (39)
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rhodium (2)
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ruthenium ores (1)
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precious metals (15)
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rare earths
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cerium (6)
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dysprosium (1)
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europium (4)
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lanthanum (6)
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lutetium (5)
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neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (85)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (14)
-
-
praseodymium (1)
-
samarium
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (14)
-
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ytterbium (8)
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yttrium (16)
-
-
rhenium
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Re-187/Os-188 (5)
-
-
silver (2)
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tantalum (9)
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thallium (3)
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tin (4)
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titanium (9)
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zinc (4)
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zirconium (5)
-
-
nitrogen
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N-15/N-14 (6)
-
-
noble gases
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argon
-
Ar-40/Ar-36 (4)
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (2)
-
-
helium
-
He-3 (1)
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He-4 (1)
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He-4/He-3 (6)
-
-
neon
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Ne-21 (1)
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Ne-22/Ne-20 (1)
-
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radon (1)
-
-
oxygen
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dissolved oxygen (2)
-
O-18 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (122)
-
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selenium (5)
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silicon (3)
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sulfur
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S-34/S-32 (73)
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tellurium (2)
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trace metals (1)
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fossils
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bacteria (5)
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Chordata
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Vertebrata
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Pisces
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Osteichthyes
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Sarcopterygii
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Dipnoi (1)
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-
-
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Tetrapoda
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Amphibia (2)
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Aves
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Neornithes
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Charadriiformes (1)
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Sphenisciformes (1)
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-
-
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Mammalia
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Multituberculata (2)
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Theria
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Eutheria
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Amblypoda
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Pantodonta (1)
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Artiodactyla
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Ruminantia
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Bovidae
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Bison
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Bison occidentalis (1)
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-
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Cervidae
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Cervus
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Cervus elaphus (1)
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Rangifer (1)
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-
-
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Carnivora
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Fissipeda
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Felidae
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Smilodon (1)
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Ursidae
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-
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Cetacea
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Odontoceti (1)
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Chiroptera (1)
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Condylarthra (1)
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Perissodactyla
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Ceratomorpha
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-
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Primates
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Hominidae (1)
-
-
Proboscidea
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Elephantoidea
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Elephantidae
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Mammuthus
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Mammuthus primigenius (2)
-
-
-
-
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Rodentia
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Castoridae (2)
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Myomorpha
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Cricetidae (1)
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-
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Ungulata (1)
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Metatheria (1)
-
-
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Reptilia
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Anapsida
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Testudines
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Chelonia (1)
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-
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Diapsida
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Archosauria
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Crocodilia (1)
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dinosaurs
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Ornithischia
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Ceratopsia
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Ceratopsidae (4)
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Ornithopoda
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Hadrosauridae (5)
-
-
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Saurischia
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Sauropodomorpha (1)
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Theropoda
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Coelurosauria
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Dromaeosauridae (1)
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Tyrannosauridae (3)
-
-
-
-
-
Pterosauria (1)
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Ichthyosauria (4)
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Lepidosauria
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Squamata
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Lacertilia (1)
-
-
-
Sauropterygia
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Plesiosauria (1)
-
-
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Synapsida
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Therapsida
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Cynodontia (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
cyanobacteria (5)
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eukaryotes (3)
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fungi (2)
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Graptolithina
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Graptoloidea
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Monograptina
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Monograptus (2)
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-
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Hemichordata (12)
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ichnofossils
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Arenicolites (1)
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Skolithos (1)
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Invertebrata
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Archaeocyatha (4)
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Arthropoda
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Chelicerata
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Mandibulata
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Crustacea
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Malacostraca
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Ostracoda
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Podocopida
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Bairdiomorpha
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Bairdiacea
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Bairdiidae
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Bairdia (2)
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-
-
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Cytherocopina
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Cytheracea
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Trachyleberididae (1)
-
-
-
-
-
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Insecta
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Pterygota
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Neoptera
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Endopterygota
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Coleoptera (2)
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Diptera
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Chironomidae (1)
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Hymenoptera (1)
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Trichoptera (2)
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Exopterygota
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Hemiptera (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Trilobitomorpha
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Trilobita
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Agnostida (3)
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Corynexochida (2)
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Odontopleurida (1)
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Ptychopariida
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Olenidae (1)
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Redlichiida (2)
-
-
-
-
Brachiopoda
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Articulata
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Orthida (1)
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Pentamerida (5)
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Productida (2)
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Rhynchonellida (2)
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Spiriferida
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Atrypidae (1)
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Spiriferidina
-
Spiriferidae (2)
-
-
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Strophomenida (2)
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Terebratulida (1)
-
-
-
Bryozoa
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Cheilostomata (1)
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Cryptostomata
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Fenestellidae (1)
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-
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Cnidaria
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Anthozoa
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Zoantharia
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Rugosa (6)
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Scleractinia (3)
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Tabulata (2)
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-
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Hydrozoa (2)
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Echinodermata
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Crinozoa
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Crinoidea (6)
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Echinozoa
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Echinoidea (1)
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-
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Mollusca
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Bivalvia
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Glycymeris (1)
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Heterodonta
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Rudistae (2)
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Veneroida
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Astartidae
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Astarte (1)
-
-
-
-
Nuculanidae (3)
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Pterioida
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Pteriina
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Inocerami
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Inoceramidae
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Inoceramus (2)
-
-
-
Pectinacea
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Halobia (1)
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Monotis (1)
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Pectinidae (3)
-
-
-
-
-
Cephalopoda
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Ammonoidea
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Ammonites (15)
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Baculites (2)
-
Goniatitida
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Goniatitidae
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Goniatites (1)
-
-
-
Scaphites (1)
-
-
Coleoidea
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Belemnoidea
-
Belemnitidae (6)
-
-
-
Nautiloidea
-
Nautilus (1)
-
-
-
Gastropoda
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Naticidae (1)
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Turritellidae (1)
-
-
Polyplacophora (1)
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Scaphopoda (2)
-
-
Porifera
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Calcarea
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Sphinctozoa (1)
-
-
Demospongea (5)
-
Stromatoporoidea
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Amphipora (1)
-
-
-
Protista
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Foraminifera
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Fusulinina
-
Fusulinidae (10)
-
-
Rotaliina
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Globigerinacea
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Neogloboquadrina
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Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (1)
-
-
-
Nodosariacea
-
Nodosariidae
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Lenticulina (1)
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Nodosaria (2)
-
-
-
Orbitoidacea
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Amphistegina (2)
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Cibicides (2)
-
-
Rotaliacea
-
Ammonia
-
Ammonia beccarii (1)
-
-
Elphidium
-
Elphidium excavatum (1)
-
-
-
-
Textulariina
-
Lituolacea
-
Ammobaculites (1)
-
Lituolidae
-
Haplophragmoides (2)
-
-
Trochammina (3)
-
-
-
-
Radiolaria
-
Spumellina (1)
-
-
Thecamoeba (2)
-
-
Vermes
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Annelida (2)
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Chaetognatha (1)
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scolecodonts (2)
-
-
-
Metazoa (4)
-
microfossils
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Charophyta (2)
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Conodonta
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Neogondolella (1)
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Ozarkodina (2)
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Palmatolepis (2)
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Polygnathus (7)
-
-
Fusulinina
-
Fusulinidae (10)
-
-
problematic microfossils (5)
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scolecodonts (2)
-
-
palynomorphs
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acritarchs (6)
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Chitinozoa (5)
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Dinoflagellata (27)
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megaspores (1)
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miospores
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pollen (44)
-
-
-
Plantae
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algae
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calcareous algae (1)
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Chlorophyta
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Charophyta (2)
-
-
diatoms (17)
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Microcodium (1)
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nannofossils (7)
-
Rhodophyta
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Corallinaceae
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Lithothamnium (1)
-
-
-
-
Pteridophyta
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Filicopsida
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Azolla (1)
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Gleicheniaceae (1)
-
-
Lycopsida (4)
-
Sphenopsida
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Equisetales
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Calamites (1)
-
-
-
-
Spermatophyta
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Angiospermae
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Dicotyledoneae
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Alnus (2)
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Betula (1)
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Hamamelididae (1)
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Rosidae (1)
-
-
-
Gymnospermae
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Coniferales
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Picea (2)
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Pinaceae
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Pinus (1)
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Taxodiaceae
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Sequoia (1)
-
-
Tsuga (1)
-
-
Cordaitales (1)
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Pteridospermae (2)
-
-
-
-
problematic fossils
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problematic microfossils (5)
-
-
Pterobranchia (10)
-
thallophytes (5)
-
tracks (6)
-
-
geochronology methods
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(U-Th)/He (32)
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Ar/Ar (138)
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exposure age (13)
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fission-track dating (44)
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He/He (1)
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infrared stimulated luminescence (2)
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K/Ar (33)
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lichenometry (2)
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Lu/Hf (16)
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Nd/Nd (1)
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optically stimulated luminescence (10)
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paleomagnetism (84)
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Pb/Pb (14)
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Pb/Th (4)
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radiation damage (1)
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Rb/Sr (17)
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Re/Os (37)
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Sm/Nd (26)
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Sr/Sr (1)
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tephrochronology (8)
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Th/U (10)
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thermochronology (55)
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thermoluminescence (3)
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tree rings (10)
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U/Pb (417)
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U/Th/Pb (9)
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uranium disequilibrium (3)
-
-
geologic age
-
Cenozoic
-
Blancan (1)
-
Glenns Ferry Formation (1)
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lower Cenozoic (3)
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middle Cenozoic (2)
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Quaternary
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Clovis (1)
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Cordilleran ice sheet (6)
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Holocene
-
lower Holocene (11)
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Middle Ages (1)
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middle Holocene (4)
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Neoglacial
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Little Ice Age (2)
-
-
upper Holocene
-
Little Ice Age (2)
-
-
-
lower Quaternary (1)
-
Pleistocene
-
Bishop Tuff (2)
-
Blackwater Draw Formation (1)
-
Champlain Sea (4)
-
Illinoian (1)
-
Lake Agassiz (2)
-
Lake Missoula (3)
-
Loveland Loess (1)
-
lower Pleistocene
-
Calabrian (1)
-
Jaramillo Subchron (1)
-
-
Matuyama Chron (2)
-
middle Pleistocene (4)
-
Peoria Loess (4)
-
Roxana Silt (1)
-
upper Pleistocene
-
Bootlegger Cove Formation (1)
-
Devensian (1)
-
Rancholabrean (1)
-
Sangamonian (1)
-
Weichselian
-
upper Weichselian
-
Younger Dryas (13)
-
-
-
Wisconsinan
-
lower Wisconsinan (1)
-
middle Wisconsinan (1)
-
upper Wisconsinan
-
Fraser Glaciation (1)
-
-
-
-
-
upper Quaternary (36)
-
-
Sirius Group (1)
-
Stone Age
-
Paleolithic
-
upper Paleolithic (1)
-
-
-
Tertiary
-
Arikaree Group (1)
-
Calipuy Group (2)
-
Challis Volcanics (2)
-
Florissant Lake Beds (1)
-
lower Tertiary (6)
-
middle Tertiary (2)
-
Neogene
-
Bidahochi Formation (2)
-
Hemphillian (1)
-
Miocene
-
Barstovian (1)
-
Clarendonian (1)
-
Columbia River Basalt Group (10)
-
Ellensburg Formation (1)
-
Grande Ronde Basalt (1)
-
lower Miocene
-
Aquitanian (1)
-
-
middle Miocene (8)
-
Puerto Madryn Formation (1)
-
Stevens Sandstone (1)
-
upper Miocene
-
Messinian (2)
-
Modelo Formation (1)
-
Tortonian (2)
-
-
-
Ogallala Formation (1)
-
Pliocene
-
Gauss Chron (2)
-
lower Pliocene
-
Zanclean (1)
-
-
middle Pliocene (1)
-
upper Pliocene (4)
-
-
Ringold Formation (1)
-
upper Neogene (2)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Barail Group (1)
-
Calvert Bluff Formation (1)
-
Eocene
-
Absaroka Supergroup (1)
-
Chuckanut Formation (3)
-
Chumstick Formation (2)
-
Green River Formation (3)
-
lower Eocene
-
Ypresian (2)
-
-
middle Eocene
-
Bartonian (2)
-
Lutetian (2)
-
Tyee Formation (1)
-
-
Ootsa Lake Group (3)
-
Swauk Formation (2)
-
Umpqua Formation (1)
-
upper Eocene
-
Priabonian (2)
-
Tejon Formation (1)
-
-
-
Ghost Rocks Formation (1)
-
Hanna Formation (2)
-
Kenai Group (3)
-
lower Paleogene (7)
-
Oligocene
-
Creede Formation (1)
-
Fish Canyon Tuff (1)
-
Frio Formation (1)
-
lower Oligocene
-
Rupelian (1)
-
-
upper Oligocene (6)
-
-
Orca Group (2)
-
Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene
-
Danian (3)
-
K-T boundary (3)
-
Puercan (1)
-
Torrejonian (1)
-
-
middle Paleocene
-
Selandian (3)
-
-
Tongue River Member (1)
-
upper Paleocene
-
Thanetian (4)
-
Tiffanian (1)
-
-
-
Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (5)
-
Sespe Formation (1)
-
Tyonek Formation (2)
-
Wasatch Formation (1)
-
White River Group (2)
-
Wilcox Group (3)
-
-
Shahejie Formation (5)
-
upper Tertiary (4)
-
-
Tulare Formation (1)
-
upper Cenozoic
-
Newer Volcanics (1)
-
Pico Formation (1)
-
Tamiami Formation (1)
-
-
Yakataga Formation (3)
-
-
Dalradian (1)
-
Lake Bonneville (1)
-
Laurentide ice sheet (17)
-
Mesozoic
-
Bela Ophiolites (1)
-
Cretaceous
-
Alisitos Formation (1)
-
Blairmore Group (1)
-
Comanchean
-
Buda Limestone (1)
-
-
Dakota Formation (1)
-
Hue Shale (1)
-
Judea Group (1)
-
Kuskokwim Group (4)
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Albian
-
lower Albian (1)
-
upper Albian (3)
-
-
Aptian
-
lower Aptian (1)
-
Shuaiba Formation (1)
-
-
Barremian (9)
-
Berriasian (7)
-
Blackleaf Formation (2)
-
Bluesky Formation (1)
-
Burro Canyon Formation (1)
-
Cadomin Formation (2)
-
Cedar Mountain Formation (3)
-
Clearwater Formation (1)
-
Gething Formation (3)
-
Hauterivian (7)
-
Mannville Group (1)
-
McMurray Formation (1)
-
Mowry Shale (1)
-
Muddy Sandstone (1)
-
Neocomian (5)
-
Spirit River Formation (1)
-
Torok Formation (1)
-
Valanginian (5)
-
Wealden (1)
-
-
Mancos Shale (4)
-
Middle Cretaceous
-
Winton Formation (1)
-
-
Nanushuk Group (3)
-
Nenjiang Formation (2)
-
Potomac Group (1)
-
Qingshankou Formation (2)
-
Queen Charlotte Group (2)
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Bearpaw Formation (5)
-
Belle Fourche Shale (4)
-
Belly River Formation (3)
-
Blackhawk Formation (1)
-
Buda Limestone (1)
-
Campanian
-
Dinosaur Park Formation (5)
-
lower Campanian (2)
-
upper Campanian (6)
-
-
Cardium Formation (1)
-
Carlile Shale (2)
-
Cenomanian
-
Dunvegan Formation (3)
-
lower Cenomanian (1)
-
-
Colville Group (3)
-
Coniacian (2)
-
Eagle Sandstone (1)
-
Ferron Sandstone Member (4)
-
Fox Hills Formation (1)
-
Frontier Formation (3)
-
Greenhorn Limestone (1)
-
Gulfian
-
Aguja Formation (2)
-
Austin Chalk (2)
-
Eagle Ford Formation (2)
-
-
Hell Creek Formation (2)
-
Hornbrook Formation (1)
-
Horseshoe Canyon Formation (6)
-
Judith River Formation (4)
-
Kanguk Formation (1)
-
Kodiak Formation (1)
-
K-T boundary (3)
-
Ladd Formation (1)
-
Lance Formation (1)
-
Maestrichtian
-
lower Maestrichtian (3)
-
-
Marshalltown Formation (1)
-
Mesaverde Group (3)
-
Milk River Formation (2)
-
Moreno Formation (2)
-
Niobrara Formation (1)
-
Oldman Formation (5)
-
Pierre Shale (2)
-
Prince Creek Formation (3)
-
Saint Mary River Formation (1)
-
Santonian (4)
-
Schrader Bluff Formation (1)
-
Senonian (18)
-
Straight Cliffs Formation (2)
-
Tuolumne Intrusive Suite (1)
-
Turonian (7)
-
Williams Fork Formation (1)
-
-
Valdez Group (3)
-
Viking Formation (3)
-
-
Franciscan Complex (7)
-
Glen Canyon Group (1)
-
Great Valley Sequence (3)
-
Jurassic
-
Aztec Sandstone (2)
-
Bazhenov Formation (4)
-
Bonanza Group (2)
-
Coast Range Ophiolite (1)
-
Fernie Formation (5)
-
Kingak Shale (4)
-
Ladner Group (1)
-
Lower Jurassic
-
East Berlin Formation (1)
-
Hettangian (4)
-
Laberge Group (8)
-
lower Liassic (2)
-
middle Liassic (3)
-
Nordegg Member (1)
-
Pliensbachian (6)
-
Sinemurian (1)
-
Talkeetna Formation (2)
-
Toarcian
-
lower Toarcian (1)
-
-
upper Liassic (3)
-
-
Middle Jurassic
-
Aalenian (1)
-
Bajocian
-
Yakoun Group (1)
-
-
Bathonian (6)
-
Callovian (6)
-
-
Norphlet Formation (2)
-
Oxford Clay (1)
-
San Rafael Group (1)
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Arab Formation (1)
-
Bowser Lake Group (5)
-
Cotton Valley Group (1)
-
Entrada Sandstone (1)
-
Galice Formation (2)
-
Haynesville Formation (1)
-
Kimmeridge Clay (1)
-
Kimmeridgian (8)
-
Morrison Formation (5)
-
Naknek Formation (3)
-
Oxfordian (10)
-
Portlandian (2)
-
Salt Wash Sandstone Member (1)
-
Smackover Formation (1)
-
Sundance Formation (4)
-
Tithonian (3)
-
Volgian (4)
-
-
-
Kayenta Formation (1)
-
Kunga Group (2)
-
lower Mesozoic (5)
-
Maiolica Limestone (1)
-
McHugh Complex (3)
-
middle Mesozoic (1)
-
Navajo Sandstone (3)
-
Newark Supergroup (1)
-
Nugget Sandstone (2)
-
Orocopia Schist (1)
-
Triassic
-
Charlie Lake Formation (1)
-
Fremouw Formation (1)
-
Hallstatt Limestone (1)
-
Liard Formation (1)
-
Lower Triassic
-
Dinwoody Formation (1)
-
Griesbachian (1)
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (9)
-
Smithian (2)
-
Spathian (1)
-
Thaynes Formation (1)
-
-
Middle Triassic
-
Anisian (4)
-
Doig Formation (3)
-
Ladinian (1)
-
-
Moenkopi Formation (2)
-
Montney Formation (8)
-
Nicola Group (1)
-
Sherwood Sandstone (1)
-
Shublik Formation (7)
-
Upper Triassic
-
Baldonnel Formation (1)
-
Carnian (7)
-
Chinle Formation (2)
-
Karmutsen Group (1)
-
Luning Formation (1)
-
Mercia Mudstone (1)
-
Norian (13)
-
Pardonet Formation (2)
-
Rhaetian (4)
-
Sag River Sandstone (3)
-
Stuhini Group (2)
-
Yanchang Formation (2)
-
-
-
upper Mesozoic
-
Yixian Formation (1)
-
-
Wingate Sandstone (1)
-
Yanshanian (5)
-
-
MIS 2 (1)
-
MIS 3 (4)
-
MIS 5 (1)
-
MIS 6 (1)
-
Moldanubian (1)
-
Paleozoic
-
Arbuckle Group (2)
-
Berea Sandstone (1)
-
Bird Spring Formation (1)
-
Bowers Supergroup (1)
-
Cambrian
-
Acadian (2)
-
Carrara Formation (1)
-
Kanmantoo Group (1)
-
Lower Cambrian
-
Chilhowee Group (1)
-
Gog Group (1)
-
Pinney Hollow Formation (1)
-
Zabriskie Quartzite (1)
-
-
Middle Cambrian
-
Metaline Limestone (1)
-
-
Pioche Shale (2)
-
Tapeats Sandstone (1)
-
Upper Cambrian
-
Eau Claire Formation (1)
-
Furongian
-
Jiangshanian (1)
-
-
Mount Simon Sandstone (1)
-
Orr Formation (1)
-
Potsdam Sandstone (1)
-
Steptoean (3)
-
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Amsden Formation (2)
-
Big Snowy Group (1)
-
Chilliwack Group (2)
-
Jackfork Group (2)
-
Lower Carboniferous
-
Asbian (3)
-
Dinantian (13)
-
-
Middle Carboniferous (2)
-
Mississippian
-
Barnett Shale (1)
-
Boone Formation (1)
-
Borden Group (2)
-
Charles Formation (1)
-
Lower Mississippian
-
Kayak Shale (1)
-
Kekiktuk Conglomerate (1)
-
Kinderhookian
-
Banff Formation (1)
-
-
Osagian
-
Burlington Limestone (2)
-
Keokuk Limestone (1)
-
-
Tournaisian (4)
-
-
Madison Group (2)
-
Middle Mississippian
-
Visean
-
upper Visean (1)
-
-
-
Rampart Group (1)
-
Sunbury Shale (1)
-
Upper Mississippian
-
Chesterian
-
Golconda Formation (1)
-
-
Fayetteville Formation (2)
-
Hartselle Sandstone (2)
-
Heath Formation (1)
-
Mauch Chunk Formation (1)
-
Meramecian (2)
-
Serpukhovian (7)
-
-
-
Namurian (1)
-
Pennsylvanian
-
Conemaugh Group (1)
-
Lower Pennsylvanian
-
Bashkirian (1)
-
Morrowan (3)
-
-
Middle Pennsylvanian
-
Allegheny Group (1)
-
Atokan
-
Atoka Formation (2)
-
-
Desmoinesian
-
Spiro Sandstone (1)
-
-
Moscovian (2)
-
-
Minturn Formation (2)
-
Pottsville Group (2)
-
Strawn Series (1)
-
Upper Pennsylvanian
-
Glenshaw Formation (1)
-
Gzhelian (2)
-
Missourian (1)
-
Virgilian (4)
-
-
Wapanucka Limestone (2)
-
-
Tesnus Formation (1)
-
Upper Carboniferous
-
Millstone Grit (1)
-
Westphalian (1)
-
-
Wahoo Limestone (1)
-
-
Chattanooga Shale (1)
-
Cow Head Group (3)
-
Devonian
-
Guilmette Formation (1)
-
Keg River Formation (1)
-
Lower Devonian
-
Emsian (9)
-
Gedinnian (2)
-
Lochkovian (2)
-
Pragian (5)
-
Siegenian (1)
-
-
Middle Devonian
-
Eifelian (4)
-
Givetian
-
upper Givetian (1)
-
-
Hamilton Group (1)
-
Ludlowville Formation (1)
-
Moscow Formation (1)
-
Prairie Evaporite (1)
-
-
Old Red Sandstone (2)
-
Slave Point Formation (1)
-
Upper Devonian
-
Famennian
-
lower Famennian (1)
-
-
Frasnian
-
upper Frasnian (1)
-
-
Hampshire Formation (1)
-
Jefferson Group (1)
-
Kanayut Conglomerate (1)
-
Nisku Formation (1)
-
Ohio Shale (1)
-
Olentangy Shale (2)
-
Palliser Formation (2)
-
-
-
Dunkard Group (1)
-
Earn Group (3)
-
Endicott Group (3)
-
Exshaw Formation (2)
-
Hunton Group (1)
-
Knox Group (1)
-
Lisburne Group (7)
-
lower Paleozoic
-
Cape Phillips Formation (6)
-
Chopawamsic Formation (1)
-
Penobscot Formation (1)
-
Rose Run Sandstone (1)
-
-
Madera Formation (1)
-
middle Paleozoic
-
Hillabee Chlorite Schist (1)
-
-
New Albany Shale (1)
-
Ordovician
-
Lower Ordovician
-
Arenigian (1)
-
Beekmantown Group (1)
-
Ellenburger Group (1)
-
Floian (1)
-
Tremadocian (8)
-
-
Meguma Group (2)
-
Middle Ordovician
-
Bromide Formation (1)
-
Chazyan (2)
-
Cloridorme Formation (2)
-
Dapingian (1)
-
Darriwilian (4)
-
Llanvirnian (2)
-
Normanskill Formation (1)
-
Platteville Formation (1)
-
Whiterockian (1)
-
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Ashgillian (4)
-
Caradocian (3)
-
Cincinnatian (1)
-
Fairview Formation (1)
-
Hirnantian (6)
-
Katian (3)
-
Kope Formation (1)
-
Mohawkian (1)
-
Queenston Shale (1)
-
Red River Formation (1)
-
Sandbian (2)
-
Trentonian (1)
-
Wufeng Formation (1)
-
Yeoman Formation (1)
-
-
Viola Limestone (1)
-
-
Paganzo Group (1)
-
Permian
-
Blaine Formation (1)
-
Cutler Formation (4)
-
Echooka Formation (2)
-
Gharif Formation (1)
-
Guadalupian
-
Bell Canyon Formation (1)
-
Capitan Formation (1)
-
Capitanian (2)
-
Delaware Mountain Group (2)
-
Roadian (2)
-
Tansill Formation (1)
-
Wordian (2)
-
-
Khuff Formation (2)
-
Lower Permian
-
Al Khlata Formation (2)
-
Cisuralian
-
Artinskian (2)
-
Kungurian (3)
-
Sakmarian (3)
-
-
Leonardian (2)
-
Wolfcampian (6)
-
-
McCloud Limestone (1)
-
Meade Peak Member (1)
-
Middle Permian (3)
-
Park City Formation (1)
-
Phosphoria Formation (4)
-
Rotliegendes (2)
-
Unayzah Formation (1)
-
Upper Permian
-
Lopingian
-
Changhsingian (1)
-
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (9)
-
Rio do Rasto Formation (1)
-
Zechstein (3)
-
-
Yates Formation (1)
-
-
Pilot Shale (1)
-
Road River Formation (4)
-
Sauk Sequence (2)
-
Shoo Fly Complex (3)
-
Silurian
-
Lower Silurian
-
Llandovery
-
Aeronian (3)
-
Rhuddanian (5)
-
Telychian (2)
-
-
Qalibah Formation (1)
-
Wenlock
-
Homerian (1)
-
-
-
Middle Silurian
-
Roberts Mountains Formation (1)
-
-
Upper Silurian
-
Cayugan (1)
-
Ludlow (7)
-
Pridoli (2)
-
Salina Group (1)
-
-
-
Taiyuan Formation (1)
-
Talchir Formation (1)
-
upper Paleozoic
-
Antrim Shale (1)
-
Bakken Formation (2)
-
Fountain Formation (1)
-
Shanxi Formation (1)
-
-
Woodford Shale (5)
-
-
Phanerozoic (28)
-
Precambrian
-
Adirondack Anorthosite (1)
-
Archean
-
Blake River Group (1)
-
Kalgoorlie System (1)
-
Mesoarchean (4)
-
Neoarchean (16)
-
Paleoarchean (4)
-
Taihua Group (2)
-
Vermilion granitic complex (1)
-
-
Chuar Group (1)
-
Eocambrian (1)
-
Johnnie Formation (2)
-
Kingston Peak Formation (2)
-
Kisseynew Complex (1)
-
Lewisian Complex (1)
-
Nonesuch Shale (1)
-
Noonday Dolomite (1)
-
Pahrump Series (1)
-
Purcell System (1)
-
Stillwater Complex (3)
-
Stirling Quartzite (1)
-
Transvaal Supergroup (1)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Bambui Group (1)
-
Hutuo Group (1)
-
Keweenawan (1)
-
Kunyang Group (1)
-
Mesoproterozoic
-
Aldridge Formation (1)
-
Apache Group (1)
-
Belt Supergroup (4)
-
Gawler Range Volcanics (1)
-
Laxfordian (1)
-
Newland Limestone (2)
-
Revett Quartzite (1)
-
Wallace Formation (1)
-
-
Miette Group (3)
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Cryogenian (8)
-
Dengying Formation (1)
-
Ediacaran (22)
-
Horsethief Creek Group (1)
-
Marinoan (4)
-
Moine Supergroup (1)
-
Riphean (1)
-
Sturtian (5)
-
Tonian (2)
-
Vendian (12)
-
-
Oronto Group (2)
-
Paleoproterozoic
-
Aphebian
-
Hurwitz Group (1)
-
-
Birimian (4)
-
Rhyacian (1)
-
Rustenburg Layered Suite (1)
-
Svecofennian (1)
-
-
Pocatello Formation (1)
-
Sinian
-
Dengying Formation (1)
-
Xiong'er Group (1)
-
-
Umberatana Group (1)
-
Windermere System (4)
-
-
-
Vadito Group (1)
-
Ventersdorp Supergroup (1)
-
Witwatersrand Supergroup (2)
-
-
Rhenohercynian (1)
-
-
igneous rocks
-
extrusive rocks (1)
-
igneous rocks
-
carbonatites (10)
-
feldspathoid rocks (2)
-
granophyre (1)
-
hypabyssal rocks (3)
-
kimberlite (6)
-
picrite (5)
-
plutonic rocks
-
anorthosite (6)
-
appinite (1)
-
diabase
-
tholeiitic dolerite (1)
-
-
diorites
-
diorite porphyry (1)
-
plagiogranite (4)
-
quartz diorites (7)
-
tonalite
-
enderbite (1)
-
-
trondhjemite (5)
-
-
essexite (1)
-
gabbros
-
alkali gabbros (1)
-
anorthositic gabbro (1)
-
norite (11)
-
olivine gabbro (3)
-
troctolite (6)
-
-
granites
-
adamellite (1)
-
alkali granites (3)
-
aplite (2)
-
A-type granites (8)
-
biotite granite (3)
-
charnockite (6)
-
granite porphyry (3)
-
I-type granites (7)
-
leucogranite (10)
-
microgranite (1)
-
monzogranite (8)
-
S-type granites (5)
-
two-mica granite (2)
-
-
granodiorites
-
granodiorite porphyry (1)
-
-
lamprophyres
-
camptonite (1)
-
minette (1)
-
spessartite (2)
-
vogesite (1)
-
-
monzodiorite (8)
-
monzonites
-
mangerite (1)
-
-
pegmatite (14)
-
quartz monzonite (6)
-
syenites
-
albitite (1)
-
alkali syenites (2)
-
nepheline syenite
-
agpaite (1)
-
miaskite (1)
-
-
quartz syenite (1)
-
syenite porphyry (1)
-
-
ultramafics
-
chromitite (7)
-
hornblendite (6)
-
peridotites
-
dunite (18)
-
garnet peridotite (1)
-
harzburgite (3)
-
lherzolite (4)
-
spinel lherzolite (1)
-
-
pyroxenite
-
clinopyroxenite (11)
-
orthopyroxenite (2)
-
websterite (3)
-
-
-
-
porphyry (14)
-
volcanic rocks
-
adakites (12)
-
andesites
-
andesite porphyry (2)
-
boninite (3)
-
-
basalts
-
alkali basalts
-
alkali olivine basalt (1)
-
-
flood basalts (15)
-
mid-ocean ridge basalts (23)
-
ocean-island basalts (9)
-
olivine basalt (1)
-
shoshonite (1)
-
tholeiite (3)
-
tholeiitic basalt (2)
-
-
basanite
-
ankaramite (1)
-
-
dacites (12)
-
glasses
-
perlite (1)
-
volcanic glass (3)
-
-
komatiite (2)
-
latite (1)
-
meimechite (2)
-
nephelinite
-
olivine nephelinite (1)
-
-
phonolites (1)
-
pyroclastics
-
ash-flow tuff (4)
-
hyaloclastite (2)
-
ignimbrite (13)
-
pumice (7)
-
rhyolite tuff (1)
-
scoria (3)
-
tuff (20)
-
welded tuff (2)
-
-
rhyodacites (2)
-
rhyolites
-
comendite (1)
-
quartz porphyry (1)
-
-
trachyandesites (1)
-
trachytes (2)
-
-
-
ophiolite (33)
-
volcanic ash (12)
-
wehrlite (3)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
K-bentonite (1)
-
metabentonite (2)
-
metamorphic rocks
-
amphibolites (14)
-
cataclasites (8)
-
eclogite (21)
-
garnetite (2)
-
gneisses
-
augen gneiss (4)
-
granite gneiss (2)
-
orthogneiss (15)
-
paragneiss (9)
-
tonalite gneiss (1)
-
-
granulites (10)
-
hornfels (4)
-
impactites
-
impact breccia (1)
-
-
listwanite (1)
-
marbles (9)
-
metacarbonate rocks (1)
-
metaigneous rocks
-
metabasalt (5)
-
metabasite (4)
-
metadiabase (1)
-
metadiorite (1)
-
metagabbro (4)
-
metagranite (4)
-
metaperidotite (2)
-
metapyroxenite (1)
-
metarhyolite (1)
-
serpentinite (5)
-
-
metaplutonic rocks (4)
-
metasedimentary rocks
-
metachert (1)
-
metaconglomerate (4)
-
metapelite (9)
-
metasandstone (7)
-
paragneiss (9)
-
shungite (1)
-
-
metasomatic rocks
-
fenite (1)
-
greisen
-
beresite (2)
-
-
rodingite (1)
-
serpentinite (5)
-
skarn (27)
-
-
metavolcanic rocks (23)
-
migmatites
-
anatexite (1)
-
-
mylonites
-
pseudotachylite (3)
-
ultramylonite (1)
-
-
phyllites (6)
-
phyllonites (1)
-
quartzites (13)
-
schists
-
blueschist (5)
-
greenschist (6)
-
greenstone (10)
-
muscovite schist (1)
-
-
slates (2)
-
-
ophiolite (33)
-
turbidite (55)
-
-
meteorites
-
meteorites
-
stony meteorites
-
chondrites
-
ordinary chondrites
-
H chondrites
-
Tieschitz Meteorite (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
minerals
-
alloys
-
awaruite (2)
-
-
arsenates
-
beudantite (1)
-
mimetite (1)
-
-
arsenides
-
arsenopyrite (8)
-
lollingite (1)
-
sperrylite (3)
-
-
arsenites (1)
-
carbonates
-
ankerite (2)
-
aragonite (5)
-
azurite (1)
-
bastnaesite (2)
-
calcite (19)
-
dolomite (4)
-
ikaite (1)
-
parisite (1)
-
rhodochrosite (1)
-
siderite (4)
-
smithsonite (2)
-
sphaerosiderite (3)
-
witherite (1)
-
-
halides
-
chlorides
-
mimetite (1)
-
pyromorphite (1)
-
-
fluorides
-
bastnaesite (2)
-
fluorite (6)
-
parisite (1)
-
-
iodides (1)
-
-
hydrates (1)
-
K-bentonite (1)
-
metabentonite (2)
-
minerals (7)
-
native elements
-
graphite (2)
-
-
organic minerals (1)
-
oxalates (1)
-
oxides
-
baddeleyite (1)
-
cassiterite (5)
-
chrome spinel (11)
-
chromite (8)
-
cryptomelane (1)
-
diaspore (2)
-
goethite (2)
-
hematite (9)
-
hollandite (1)
-
hydroxides
-
iron hydroxides (3)
-
oxyhydroxides (1)
-
-
ilmenite (7)
-
iron oxides (11)
-
limonite (1)
-
magnetite (15)
-
manganese oxides (1)
-
niobates
-
columbite (4)
-
euxenite (1)
-
ixiolite (1)
-
pyrochlore (2)
-
samarskite (1)
-
-
pyrolusite (1)
-
rutile (6)
-
senarmontite (1)
-
spinel (2)
-
spinel group (1)
-
tantalates
-
euxenite (1)
-
ixiolite (1)
-
microlite (3)
-
tantalite (2)
-
wodginite (3)
-
-
titanium oxides (2)
-
titanomagnetite (3)
-
uraninite (1)
-
-
phosphates
-
apatite (78)
-
chlorapatite (1)
-
fluorapatite (4)
-
hydroxylapatite (2)
-
monazite (36)
-
pyromorphite (1)
-
xenotime (8)
-
-
platinum minerals (11)
-
silicates
-
aluminosilicates (1)
-
borosilicates (1)
-
chain silicates
-
amphibole group
-
clinoamphibole
-
cummingtonite (1)
-
edenite (1)
-
hornblende (27)
-
kaersutite (2)
-
nephrite (2)
-
pargasite (2)
-
riebeckite (1)
-
tremolite (3)
-
-
-
jade (1)
-
pyroxene group
-
clinopyroxene
-
aegirine (1)
-
augite (1)
-
diopside (5)
-
hedenbergite (1)
-
jadeite (1)
-
omphacite (1)
-
-
orthopyroxene (11)
-
-
wollastonite group
-
wollastonite (1)
-
-
-
framework silicates
-
feldspar group
-
alkali feldspar
-
adularia (1)
-
K-feldspar (16)
-
sanidine (2)
-
-
plagioclase (17)
-
-
leucite (2)
-
myrmekite (1)
-
nepheline group
-
nepheline (1)
-
-
silica minerals
-
jasper (2)
-
opal
-
opal-A (1)
-
-
quartz (20)
-
-
zeolite group
-
analcime (2)
-
chabazite (1)
-
clinoptilolite (1)
-
edingtonite (1)
-
erionite (1)
-
garronite (1)
-
gmelinite (2)
-
heulandite (3)
-
laumontite (3)
-
mesolite (2)
-
mordenite (3)
-
natrolite (2)
-
phillipsite (1)
-
pollucite (1)
-
roggianite (1)
-
scolecite (1)
-
stilbite (1)
-
thomsonite (1)
-
wairakite (1)
-
yugawaralite (2)
-
-
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
andalusite (3)
-
garnet group
-
almandine (3)
-
andradite (2)
-
grossular (2)
-
pyrope (1)
-
spessartine (4)
-
uvarovite (2)
-
-
kyanite (2)
-
olivine group
-
fayalite (1)
-
forsterite (2)
-
olivine (18)
-
-
sillimanite (3)
-
staurolite (2)
-
titanite group
-
titanite (14)
-
-
zircon group
-
thorite (1)
-
zircon (389)
-
-
-
sorosilicates
-
bertrandite (1)
-
epidote group
-
allanite (5)
-
clinozoisite (1)
-
epidote (7)
-
zoisite (1)
-
-
lawsonite (2)
-
vesuvianite (1)
-
-
-
ring silicates
-
beryl (3)
-
cordierite (4)
-
emerald (4)
-
tourmaline group
-
dravite (2)
-
-
-
sheet silicates
-
chlorite group
-
chlorite (7)
-
-
clay minerals
-
kaolinite (5)
-
saponite (1)
-
smectite (6)
-
-
illite (7)
-
mica group
-
annite (2)
-
biotite (35)
-
celadonite (1)
-
glauconite (1)
-
muscovite (27)
-
phengite (2)
-
phlogopite (4)
-
polylithionite (1)
-
-
sericite (3)
-
serpentine group
-
antigorite (1)
-
lizardite (1)
-
serpentine (2)
-
-
-
-
sulfates
-
alunite (2)
-
anhydrite (2)
-
barite (4)
-
beudantite (1)
-
brochantite (1)
-
celestine (1)
-
gypsum (1)
-
-
sulfides
-
acanthite (1)
-
argentite (1)
-
arsenopyrite (8)
-
bornite (5)
-
chalcocite (3)
-
chalcopyrite (19)
-
cinnabar (2)
-
cooperite (4)
-
copper sulfides (4)
-
digenite (1)
-
galena (7)
-
iron sulfides (2)
-
laurite (8)
-
marcasite (1)
-
metacinnabar (1)
-
molybdenite (24)
-
nickel sulfides (4)
-
pentlandite (3)
-
pyrite (33)
-
pyrrhotite (5)
-
sphalerite (11)
-
violarite (1)
-
zinc sulfides (1)
-
-
sulfosalts
-
sulfantimonites
-
pyrargyrite (1)
-
-
sulfarsenites
-
proustite (1)
-
-
sulfobismuthites
-
matildite (1)
-
-
-
tellurides
-
hessite (2)
-
-
tungstates
-
scheelite (1)
-
-
wehrlite (3)
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (629)
-
Africa
-
Afar (1)
-
African Platform (1)
-
Central Africa
-
Angola (1)
-
Congo Democratic Republic
-
Shaba Congo Democratic Republic (2)
-
-
-
Chad Basin (1)
-
East Africa
-
Afar Depression (1)
-
Eritrea (1)
-
Ethiopia (1)
-
Lake Malawi (1)
-
Malawi (1)
-
Sudan (1)
-
Tanzania
-
Oldoinyo Lengai (1)
-
-
Zambia (1)
-
-
East African Lakes
-
Lake Malawi (1)
-
-
East African Rift (3)
-
Kalahari Desert (1)
-
Kufra Basin (1)
-
Limpopo Basin (1)
-
Madagascar (1)
-
Mozambique Belt (1)
-
North Africa
-
Algeria
-
Berkine Basin (1)
-
-
Atlas Mountains
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Anti-Atlas (3)
-
-
-
Egypt
-
Eastern Desert (3)
-
Nile Delta (1)
-
-
Ghadames Basin (1)
-
Libya
-
Murzuk Basin (1)
-
-
Morocco
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Anti-Atlas (3)
-
-
-
Tunisia (1)
-
-
Nubian Shield (4)
-
Sahara (2)
-
Southern Africa
-
Barberton greenstone belt (3)
-
Kaapvaal Craton (5)
-
Karoo Basin (1)
-
Namibia
-
Damara Belt (1)
-
Kaoko Belt (1)
-
-
South Africa
-
Bushveld Complex (5)
-
Cape fold belt (2)
-
Eastern Cape Province South Africa (1)
-
KwaZulu-Natal South Africa (1)
-
Limpopo South Africa (1)
-
Merensky Reef (2)
-
Mpumalanga South Africa
-
Barberton South Africa (1)
-
-
Murchison greenstone belt (1)
-
Transvaal region (1)
-
Witwatersrand (2)
-
-
Zimbabwe
-
Great Dyke (2)
-
-
-
West Africa
-
Benue Valley (2)
-
Burkina Faso (2)
-
Cameroon (1)
-
Ghana (1)
-
Guinea (3)
-
Ivory Coast (2)
-
Liberia (2)
-
Mali (2)
-
Niger (2)
-
Nigeria
-
Niger Delta (3)
-
-
Senegal (2)
-
Sierra Leone (2)
-
-
West African Craton (1)
-
West African Shield (1)
-
-
Antarctica
-
Antarctic ice sheet
-
East Antarctic ice sheet (3)
-
-
Antarctic Peninsula
-
Graham Land (1)
-
Larsen Ice Shelf (1)
-
-
East Antarctica (1)
-
Ross Ice Shelf
-
McMurdo Ice Shelf (1)
-
-
South Shetland Islands
-
Deception Island (1)
-
-
Transantarctic Mountains (2)
-
Victoria Land
-
Terra Nova Bay (1)
-
Wilson Terrane (1)
-
-
West Antarctica (1)
-
Wilkes Land (1)
-
-
Arctic Ocean
-
Alpha Cordillera (2)
-
Amerasia Basin (7)
-
Barents Sea (9)
-
Beaufort Sea (10)
-
Canada Basin (8)
-
Chukchi Sea (12)
-
East Siberian Sea (6)
-
Eurasia Basin (1)
-
Kara Sea (6)
-
Laptev Sea (5)
-
Lomonosov Ridge (6)
-
Makarov Basin (3)
-
Mendeleyev Ridge (1)
-
Mid-Arctic Ocean Ridge (1)
-
Nares Strait (2)
-
Norwegian Sea
-
More Basin (1)
-
Voring Basin (1)
-
Voring Plateau (1)
-
-
-
Arctic region
-
Arctic Coastal Plain (2)
-
Greenland
-
East Greenland (8)
-
Greenland ice sheet (4)
-
Ilimaussaq (3)
-
Isua Belt (1)
-
Kangerlussuaq (1)
-
Northern Greenland (4)
-
Peary Land (3)
-
Skaergaard Intrusion (1)
-
South Greenland (2)
-
West Greenland (2)
-
-
Russian Arctic
-
Franz Josef Land (5)
-
New Siberian Islands (7)
-
Novaya Zemlya (3)
-
Severnaya Zemlya (3)
-
Wrangel Island (2)
-
-
Svalbard
-
Spitsbergen
-
Spitsbergen Island (1)
-
-
-
-
Asia
-
Altai Mountains
-
Chuya Alps (1)
-
Gorny Altai (9)
-
Kuznetsk Alatau (1)
-
Mongolian Altai (3)
-
-
Altai Russian Federation
-
Gorny Altai (9)
-
-
Altai-Sayan region (7)
-
Amu Darya Basin (1)
-
Amur Basin (1)
-
Amur Russian Federation (1)
-
Anadyr Basin (2)
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Arabian Shield (5)
-
Kuwait (1)
-
Oman
-
Oman Mountains (2)
-
-
Rub' al Khali (1)
-
Saudi Arabia
-
Ghawar Field (1)
-
-
United Arab Emirates
-
Abu Dhabi (2)
-
-
-
Baikal region (5)
-
Baikal rift zone (1)
-
Brahmaputra River (2)
-
Central Asia
-
Aral region (1)
-
Fergana Basin (1)
-
Kazakhstan
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Aktyubinsk Kazakhstan
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Zhamanshin Crater (1)
-
-
Almaty Kazakhstan (1)
-
Balkhash Kazakhstan (1)
-
Central Kazakhstan (1)
-
Eastern Kazakhstan (1)
-
Karatau Range (1)
-
Kokchetav Kazakhstan (1)
-
Lake Balkhash (1)
-
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Kyzylkum (2)
-
Pamirs
-
Darvaz (1)
-
-
Turgay Basin (1)
-
-
Chukotka Russian Federation
-
Chukchi Peninsula (11)
-
-
Chuya Alps (1)
-
Dzhugdzhur region (2)
-
Far East
-
Borneo
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East Malaysia
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Sarawak Malaysia (1)
-
-
Kalimantan Indonesia (1)
-
-
Burma (4)
-
Cambodia (1)
-
China
-
Altun Mountains (1)
-
Altyn Tagh Fault (3)
-
Anhui China (1)
-
Bohaiwan Basin (6)
-
Da Hinggan Ling (2)
-
Dongpu Depression (1)
-
Fujian China (1)
-
Gansu China (4)
-
Guangdong China (2)
-
Guangxi China (3)
-
Guizhou China (6)
-
Hebei China
-
Yanshan Range (1)
-
-
Heilongjiang China (5)
-
Henan China (5)
-
Hunan China (2)
-
Inner Mongolia China (15)
-
Jiangsu China (2)
-
Jiangxi China (2)
-
Jilin China (2)
-
Kunlun Mountains (4)
-
Liaoning China
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Liaodong Peninsula (2)
-
-
Loess Plateau (1)
-
Luochuan China (1)
-
Meishan China (1)
-
Ningxia China (1)
-
North China Platform (25)
-
Ordos Basin (6)
-
Qaidam Basin (2)
-
Qilian Mountains (5)
-
Qinghai China (7)
-
Qinghai-Tibet Railway (1)
-
Qinling Mountains (2)
-
Shaanxi China (1)
-
Shandong China
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Dongying Depression (1)
-
Shandong Peninsula (1)
-
-
Sichuan Basin (7)
-
Sichuan China (11)
-
Songliao Basin (4)
-
South China Block (10)
-
Taihang Mountains (2)
-
Tangshan China (1)
-
Tarim Platform (4)
-
Xianshuihe fault zone (5)
-
Xiaoqinling Mountains (1)
-
Xinjiang China
-
Junggar (5)
-
Junggar Basin (5)
-
Tarim Basin (10)
-
Turpan Basin (1)
-
-
Xizang China
-
Gangdese Belt (4)
-
Lhasa Block (2)
-
-
Yangtze Platform (7)
-
Yangtze River (3)
-
Yangtze River valley (1)
-
Yangtze Three Gorges (1)
-
Yunnan China
-
Ailao Shan (2)
-
Tengchong (1)
-
-
Zhejiang China (5)
-
-
Indochina (1)
-
Indonesia
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Celebes (2)
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Java
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Merapi (1)
-
-
Kalimantan Indonesia (1)
-
Krakatoa (1)
-
Sumatra
-
Toba Lake (1)
-
-
-
Japan
-
Hokkaido
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Tokachi (1)
-
-
Honshu
-
Atotsugawa Fault (1)
-
Hyogo Japan (2)
-
Iwate Japan (1)
-
Japanese Alps
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Akaishi Mountains (1)
-
-
Kii Peninsula (2)
-
Niigata Japan (1)
-
Tohoku (2)
-
-
Kyushu
-
Kagoshima Japan
-
Oshima
-
Amami-O-shima (1)
-
-
-
Nagasaki Japan (1)
-
-
Ryukyu Islands
-
Oshima
-
Amami-O-shima (1)
-
-
-
-
Korea
-
South Korea
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Kyongsang Basin (1)
-
-
-
Laos (1)
-
Lesser Sunda Islands
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Timor
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East Timor (2)
-
-
-
Luzon Arc (1)
-
Malay Peninsula
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West Malaysia
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Langkawi Islands (1)
-
-
-
Malaysia
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East Malaysia
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Sarawak Malaysia (1)
-
-
West Malaysia
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Langkawi Islands (1)
-
-
-
Mongolia
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Mongolian Altai (3)
-
-
Philippine Islands
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Luzon (1)
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Mindanao (1)
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Palawan (2)
-
-
Sino-Korean Platform (1)
-
Taiwan (9)
-
Thailand (5)
-
Vietnam
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Dalat Vietnam (1)
-
-
-
Gobi Desert (1)
-
Himalayas
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Garhwal Himalayas (1)
-
Lesser Himalayas (1)
-
Nanga Parbat (1)
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Zanskar Range (1)
-
-
Hindu Kush (1)
-
Indian Peninsula
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Afghanistan
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Kabul Afghanistan (1)
-
-
Bangladesh (1)
-
Bhutan (2)
-
India
-
Andhra Pradesh India
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Cuddapah Basin (1)
-
Prakasam India (1)
-
-
Bastar Craton (1)
-
Bengal Islands
-
Andaman Islands (9)
-
Nicobar Islands (5)
-
-
Bihar India (1)
-
Damodar Valley (1)
-
Dharwar Craton (1)
-
Gujarat India
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Kutch India (1)
-
-
Himachal Pradesh India (1)
-
Karnataka India
-
Chitradurga India (1)
-
-
Kerala India (2)
-
Northeastern India
-
Arunachal Pradesh India (1)
-
Assam India (1)
-
-
Southern Granulite Terrain (4)
-
Tamil Nadu India
-
Kodaikanal India (1)
-
-
Uttar Pradesh India (2)
-
Uttarakhand India
-
Dehradun India
-
Mussoorie India (1)
-
-
Garhwal Himalayas (1)
-
-
West Bengal India
-
Purulia India (1)
-
-
-
Jammu and Kashmir
-
Jammu (1)
-
Kashmir (3)
-
Ladakh (4)
-
Nanga Parbat (1)
-
-
Kohistan (2)
-
Nepal (3)
-
Pakistan (6)
-
-
Indus River (1)
-
Indus-Yarlung Zangbo suture zone (5)
-
Irkutsk Russian Federation
-
Slyudyanka Russian Federation (2)
-
-
Irtysh River (2)
-
Kamchatka Russian Federation
-
Kamchatka Peninsula
-
Avacha (3)
-
Bezymyannyy (2)
-
Klyuchevskaya Sopka (3)
-
Sheveluch (2)
-
Tolbachik (2)
-
-
Karaginskiy Island (1)
-
-
Karakoram (4)
-
Kemerovo Russian Federation
-
Shoriya Mountains (1)
-
-
Khabarovsk Russian Federation (5)
-
Khakasiya Russian Federation (1)
-
Kolyma River (1)
-
Kolyma River basin (4)
-
Kolyma Uplift (2)
-
Kopet-Dag Range (3)
-
Koryak Range (4)
-
Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation
-
Severnaya Zemlya (3)
-
Taymyr Dolgan-Nenets Russian Federation
-
Norilsk region (1)
-
Norilsk Russian Federation (1)
-
Taymyr Peninsula (4)
-
-
-
Kurama Range (1)
-
Kyrgyzstan (2)
-
Lake Baikal (2)
-
Lena Basin (1)
-
Lena River (2)
-
Magadan Russian Federation (5)
-
Main Central Thrust (1)
-
Middle East
-
Iran
-
Elburz (1)
-
Fars Iran (1)
-
Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone (3)
-
-
Iraq (4)
-
Israel (1)
-
Syria
-
Palmyrides (1)
-
-
Turkey
-
Amanos Mountains (1)
-
Anatolia (10)
-
East Anatolian Fault (5)
-
Elbistan Turkey (1)
-
Istanbul Turkey (1)
-
Kocaeli Turkey
-
Izmit Turkey (1)
-
-
Taurus Mountains (1)
-
-
Zagros (10)
-
-
Naga Hills (1)
-
Novosibirsk Russian Federation (2)
-
Ob-Irtysh Interfluve (1)
-
Okhotsk region (1)
-
Okhotsk-Chukchi volcanic belt (5)
-
Omolon Block (4)
-
Omolon River (1)
-
Omsk Russian Federation (3)
-
Patom Plateau (1)
-
Primorye Russian Federation (3)
-
Qiangtang Terrane (1)
-
Rudny Altai (3)
-
Russian Far East (9)
-
Russian Pacific region (9)
-
Sakhalin Russian Federation
-
Kuril Islands
-
Kunashir Island (1)
-
-
Sakhalin (1)
-
-
Salair Ridge (1)
-
Sayan
-
Eastern Sayan (2)
-
Western Sayan (2)
-
-
Siberia (36)
-
Siberian fold belt (5)
-
Siberian Platform
-
Aldan Shield (1)
-
Anabar Shield (1)
-
Yakutia region (1)
-
Yenisei Ridge (2)
-
-
Sikhote-Alin Range (1)
-
Southeast Asia (3)
-
Sri Lanka (1)
-
Stanovoy Range (2)
-
Tajikistan
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Darvaz (1)
-
-
Tibetan Plateau (24)
-
Tien Shan
-
Karatau Range (1)
-
-
Tomsk Russian Federation (1)
-
Transbaikalia (2)
-
Turan (1)
-
Turanian Platform (1)
-
Turkmenia
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Karakum (1)
-
-
Tuva Russian Federation (4)
-
Tyumen Russian Federation
-
Khanty-Mansi Russian Federation (4)
-
Yamal-Nenets Russian Federation
-
Urengoy Field (3)
-
Yamal (1)
-
-
-
Uzbekistan
-
Bukhara Uzbekistan (1)
-
Muruntau Deposit (1)
-
Nura-Tau (1)
-
-
Verkhoyansk region (2)
-
West Siberia
-
Kuznetsk Alatau (1)
-
Severnaya Zemlya (3)
-
Siberian Lowland (5)
-
-
Wrangel Island (2)
-
Yakutia Russian Federation
-
Aldan River (1)
-
Anabar River (2)
-
Anabar Shield (1)
-
Indigirka River (2)
-
Kular Range (1)
-
New Siberian Islands (7)
-
Udachnaya Pipe (1)
-
Verkhoyansk Range (3)
-
Verkhoyansk Russian Federation (1)
-
-
Yana River (2)
-
Zabaykalskiy Russian Federation (2)
-
-
associations (5)
-
asteroids (1)
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
Mid-Atlantic Ridge (4)
-
North Atlantic
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Baltic Sea (1)
-
Baltimore Canyon (1)
-
Barbados Ridge (2)
-
Blake Plateau (2)
-
Blake-Bahama Outer Ridge (1)
-
Caribbean Sea (2)
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English Channel (1)
-
Faeroe-Shetland Basin (1)
-
Frobisher Bay (1)
-
Georges Bank (2)
-
Great Meteor Seamount (1)
-
Gulf of Guinea (1)
-
Gulf of Mexico
-
Florida Bay (1)
-
Mississippi Canyon (2)
-
Mississippi Fan (5)
-
Viosca Knoll (1)
-
-
Gulf of Saint Lawrence (3)
-
Hudson Bay (4)
-
Irish Sea (2)
-
Jeanne d'Arc Basin (1)
-
Labrador Sea (7)
-
North Sea
-
Gullfaks Field (1)
-
Kattegat (1)
-
Oseberg Field (1)
-
Skagerrak (1)
-
Snorre Field (1)
-
Troll Field (2)
-
Viking Graben (1)
-
-
Northeast Atlantic (4)
-
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Integrated Ocean Drilling Program
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Expedition 323
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IODP Site U1339 (1)
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Expedition 341
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Mancos Shale (4)
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Jurassic
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Bonanza Group (2)
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Coast Range Ophiolite (1)
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Fernie Formation (5)
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Kingak Shale (4)
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Lower Jurassic
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Talkeetna Formation (2)
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Bathonian (6)
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Norphlet Formation (2)
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Upper Jurassic
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Arab Formation (1)
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Bowser Lake Group (5)
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Galice Formation (2)
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Kayenta Formation (1)
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Triassic
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Charlie Lake Formation (1)
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Fremouw Formation (1)
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Liard Formation (1)
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Lower Triassic
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Middle Triassic
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Moenkopi Formation (2)
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Upper Triassic
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Luning Formation (1)
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Norian (13)
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Yanchang Formation (2)
-
-
-
upper Mesozoic
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Yixian Formation (1)
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Wingate Sandstone (1)
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (85)
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samarium
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ytterbium (8)
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rhenium
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Re-187/Os-188 (5)
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silver (2)
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meteorology (2)
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Mexico
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North America
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Ocean Drilling Program
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Leg 119
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ODP Site 739 (1)
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Leg 135
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ODP Site 840 (1)
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Leg 141
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Leg 145
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Leg 162
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Leg 167
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Leg 169S
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Leg 188
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-
-
Osagian
-
Burlington Limestone (2)
-
Keokuk Limestone (1)
-
-
Tournaisian (4)
-
-
Madison Group (2)
-
Middle Mississippian
-
Visean
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upper Visean (1)
-
-
-
Rampart Group (1)
-
Sunbury Shale (1)
-
Upper Mississippian
-
Chesterian
-
Golconda Formation (1)
-
-
Fayetteville Formation (2)
-
Hartselle Sandstone (2)
-
Heath Formation (1)
-
Mauch Chunk Formation (1)
-
Meramecian (2)
-
Serpukhovian (7)
-
-
-
Namurian (1)
-
Pennsylvanian
-
Conemaugh Group (1)
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Lower Pennsylvanian
-
Bashkirian (1)
-
Morrowan (3)
-
-
Middle Pennsylvanian
-
Allegheny Group (1)
-
Atokan
-
Atoka Formation (2)
-
-
Desmoinesian
-
Spiro Sandstone (1)
-
-
Moscovian (2)
-
-
Minturn Formation (2)
-
Pottsville Group (2)
-
Strawn Series (1)
-
Upper Pennsylvanian
-
Glenshaw Formation (1)
-
Gzhelian (2)
-
Missourian (1)
-
Virgilian (4)
-
-
Wapanucka Limestone (2)
-
-
Tesnus Formation (1)
-
Upper Carboniferous
-
Millstone Grit (1)
-
Westphalian (1)
-
-
Wahoo Limestone (1)
-
-
Chattanooga Shale (1)
-
Cow Head Group (3)
-
Devonian
-
Guilmette Formation (1)
-
Keg River Formation (1)
-
Lower Devonian
-
Emsian (9)
-
Gedinnian (2)
-
Lochkovian (2)
-
Pragian (5)
-
Siegenian (1)
-
-
Middle Devonian
-
Eifelian (4)
-
Givetian
-
upper Givetian (1)
-
-
Hamilton Group (1)
-
Ludlowville Formation (1)
-
Moscow Formation (1)
-
Prairie Evaporite (1)
-
-
Old Red Sandstone (2)
-
Slave Point Formation (1)
-
Upper Devonian
-
Famennian
-
lower Famennian (1)
-
-
Frasnian
-
upper Frasnian (1)
-
-
Hampshire Formation (1)
-
Jefferson Group (1)
-
Kanayut Conglomerate (1)
-
Nisku Formation (1)
-
Ohio Shale (1)
-
Olentangy Shale (2)
-
Palliser Formation (2)
-
-
-
Dunkard Group (1)
-
Earn Group (3)
-
Endicott Group (3)
-
Exshaw Formation (2)
-
Hunton Group (1)
-
Knox Group (1)
-
Lisburne Group (7)
-
lower Paleozoic
-
Cape Phillips Formation (6)
-
Chopawamsic Formation (1)
-
Penobscot Formation (1)
-
Rose Run Sandstone (1)
-
-
Madera Formation (1)
-
middle Paleozoic
-
Hillabee Chlorite Schist (1)
-
-
New Albany Shale (1)
-
Ordovician
-
Lower Ordovician
-
Arenigian (1)
-
Beekmantown Group (1)
-
Ellenburger Group (1)
-
Floian (1)
-
Tremadocian (8)
-
-
Meguma Group (2)
-
Middle Ordovician
-
Bromide Formation (1)
-
Chazyan (2)
-
Cloridorme Formation (2)
-
Dapingian (1)
-
Darriwilian (4)
-
Llanvirnian (2)
-
Normanskill Formation (1)
-
Platteville Formation (1)
-
Whiterockian (1)
-
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Ashgillian (4)
-
Caradocian (3)
-
Cincinnatian (1)
-
Fairview Formation (1)
-
Hirnantian (6)
-
Katian (3)
-
Kope Formation (1)
-
Mohawkian (1)
-
Queenston Shale (1)
-
Red River Formation (1)
-
Sandbian (2)
-
Trentonian (1)
-
Wufeng Formation (1)
-
Yeoman Formation (1)
-
-
Viola Limestone (1)
-
-
Paganzo Group (1)
-
Permian
-
Blaine Formation (1)
-
Cutler Formation (4)
-
Echooka Formation (2)
-
Gharif Formation (1)
-
Guadalupian
-
Bell Canyon Formation (1)
-
Capitan Formation (1)
-
Capitanian (2)
-
Delaware Mountain Group (2)
-
Roadian (2)
-
Tansill Formation (1)
-
Wordian (2)
-
-
Khuff Formation (2)
-
Lower Permian
-
Al Khlata Formation (2)
-
Cisuralian
-
Artinskian (2)
-
Kungurian (3)
-
Sakmarian (3)
-
-
Leonardian (2)
-
Wolfcampian (6)
-
-
McCloud Limestone (1)
-
Meade Peak Member (1)
-
Middle Permian (3)
-
Park City Formation (1)
-
Phosphoria Formation (4)
-
Rotliegendes (2)
-
Unayzah Formation (1)
-
Upper Permian
-
Lopingian
-
Changhsingian (1)
-
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (9)
-
Rio do Rasto Formation (1)
-
Zechstein (3)
-
-
Yates Formation (1)
-
-
Pilot Shale (1)
-
Road River Formation (4)
-
Sauk Sequence (2)
-
Shoo Fly Complex (3)
-
Silurian
-
Lower Silurian
-
Llandovery
-
Aeronian (3)
-
Rhuddanian (5)
-
Telychian (2)
-
-
Qalibah Formation (1)
-
Wenlock
-
Homerian (1)
-
-
-
Middle Silurian
-
Roberts Mountains Formation (1)
-
-
Upper Silurian
-
Cayugan (1)
-
Ludlow (7)
-
Pridoli (2)
-
Salina Group (1)
-
-
-
Taiyuan Formation (1)
-
Talchir Formation (1)
-
upper Paleozoic
-
Antrim Shale (1)
-
Bakken Formation (2)
-
Fountain Formation (1)
-
Shanxi Formation (1)
-
-
Woodford Shale (5)
-
-
palynology (3)
-
palynomorphs
-
acritarchs (6)
-
Chitinozoa (5)
-
Dinoflagellata (27)
-
megaspores (1)
-
miospores
-
pollen (44)
-
-
-
paragenesis (51)
-
permafrost (19)
-
petroleum
-
natural gas
-
coalbed methane (5)
-
shale gas (8)
-
-
shale oil (3)
-
-
petrology (57)
-
Phanerozoic (28)
-
phase equilibria (28)
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phosphate deposits (6)
-
placers
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beach placers (2)
-
stream placers (4)
-
-
Plantae
-
algae
-
calcareous algae (1)
-
Chlorophyta
-
Charophyta (2)
-
-
diatoms (17)
-
Microcodium (1)
-
nannofossils (7)
-
Rhodophyta
-
Corallinaceae
-
Lithothamnium (1)
-
-
-
-
Pteridophyta
-
Filicopsida
-
Azolla (1)
-
Gleicheniaceae (1)
-
-
Lycopsida (4)
-
Sphenopsida
-
Equisetales
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Calamites (1)
-
-
-
-
Spermatophyta
-
Angiospermae
-
Dicotyledoneae
-
Alnus (2)
-
Betula (1)
-
Hamamelididae (1)
-
Rosidae (1)
-
-
-
Gymnospermae
-
Coniferae (1)
-
Coniferales
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Picea (2)
-
Pinaceae
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Abies (1)
-
Larix (1)
-
Pinus (1)
-
-
Taxodiaceae
-
Sequoia (1)
-
-
Tsuga (1)
-
-
Cordaitales (1)
-
Pteridospermae (2)
-
-
-
-
plate tectonics (516)
-
pollution (17)
-
Precambrian
-
Adirondack Anorthosite (1)
-
Archean
-
Blake River Group (1)
-
Kalgoorlie System (1)
-
Mesoarchean (4)
-
Neoarchean (16)
-
Paleoarchean (4)
-
Taihua Group (2)
-
Vermilion granitic complex (1)
-
-
Chuar Group (1)
-
Eocambrian (1)
-
Johnnie Formation (2)
-
Kingston Peak Formation (2)
-
Kisseynew Complex (1)
-
Lewisian Complex (1)
-
Nonesuch Shale (1)
-
Noonday Dolomite (1)
-
Pahrump Series (1)
-
Purcell System (1)
-
Stillwater Complex (3)
-
Stirling Quartzite (1)
-
Transvaal Supergroup (1)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Bambui Group (1)
-
Hutuo Group (1)
-
Keweenawan (1)
-
Kunyang Group (1)
-
Mesoproterozoic
-
Aldridge Formation (1)
-
Apache Group (1)
-
Belt Supergroup (4)
-
Gawler Range Volcanics (1)
-
Laxfordian (1)
-
Newland Limestone (2)
-
Revett Quartzite (1)
-
Wallace Formation (1)
-
-
Miette Group (3)
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Cryogenian (8)
-
Dengying Formation (1)
-
Ediacaran (22)
-
Horsethief Creek Group (1)
-
Marinoan (4)
-
Moine Supergroup (1)
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Riphean (1)
-
Sturtian (5)
-
Tonian (2)
-
Vendian (12)
-
-
Oronto Group (2)
-
Paleoproterozoic
-
Aphebian
-
Hurwitz Group (1)
-
-
Birimian (4)
-
Rhyacian (1)
-
Rustenburg Layered Suite (1)
-
Svecofennian (1)
-
-
Pocatello Formation (1)
-
Sinian
-
Dengying Formation (1)
-
Xiong'er Group (1)
-
-
Umberatana Group (1)
-
Windermere System (4)
-
-
-
Vadito Group (1)
-
Ventersdorp Supergroup (1)
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Witwatersrand Supergroup (2)
-
-
problematic fossils
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problematic microfossils (5)
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Pterobranchia (10)
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reclamation (1)
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reefs (20)
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remote sensing (62)
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roads (6)
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rock mechanics (10)
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sea water (8)
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sea-floor spreading (16)
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sea-level changes (125)
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sedimentary petrology (40)
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sedimentary rocks
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bone beds (5)
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carbonate rocks
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boundstone
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bafflestone (1)
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chalk (1)
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dolostone (21)
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grainstone (7)
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limestone
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coquina (2)
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micrite (3)
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microbialite (3)
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packstone (4)
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wackestone (5)
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chemically precipitated rocks
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chert (24)
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evaporites (14)
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iron formations
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banded iron formations (2)
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phosphate rocks (4)
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weathering crust (1)
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-
clastic rocks
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arenite
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litharenite (1)
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quartz arenite (6)
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sublitharenite (1)
-
-
argillite (6)
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arkose (2)
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bentonite (7)
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black shale (17)
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claystone (3)
-
conglomerate
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quartz-pebble conglomerate (2)
-
-
diamictite (17)
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eolianite (4)
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graywacke (5)
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marl (7)
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mudstone (61)
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orthoquartzite (2)
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red beds (7)
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sandstone (185)
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shale (48)
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siltstone (33)
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subarkose (1)
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tillite (4)
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tonstein (1)
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coal
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anthracite (1)
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bituminous coal (3)
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lignite (2)
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subbituminous coal (1)
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oil sands (3)
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oil shale (7)
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sedimentary structures
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bedding plane irregularities
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dune structures (2)
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flute casts (1)
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megaripples (1)
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ripple marks (7)
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scour marks (1)
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tool marks (1)
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biogenic structures
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algal structures
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algal mounds (1)
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banks (1)
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bioherms (6)
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bioturbation (14)
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carbonate banks (1)
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lebensspuren (4)
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oncolites (1)
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stromatolites (13)
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thrombolites (3)
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graded bedding (3)
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planar bedding structures
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bedding (14)
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cross-bedding (11)
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cross-laminations (3)
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cross-stratification (8)
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cyclothems (2)
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flaser bedding (2)
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hummocky cross-stratification (5)
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imbrication (1)
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laminations (18)
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massive bedding (1)
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rhythmic bedding (3)
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rhythmite (3)
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ripple drift-cross laminations (2)
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sand bodies (6)
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varves (5)
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primary structures (1)
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rhizoliths (1)
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secondary structures
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concretions (3)
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stylolites (1)
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seismites (5)
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soft sediment deformation
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clastic dikes (1)
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flame structures (1)
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olistoliths (3)
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olistostromes (4)
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slump structures (2)
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turbidity current structures
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Bouma sequence (2)
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load casts (1)
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sedimentation (209)
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sediments
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carbonate sediments (4)
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clastic sediments
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alluvium (6)
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boulders (10)
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clay (9)
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cobbles (2)
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colluvium (1)
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diamicton (12)
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drift (6)
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dust (6)
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erratics (2)
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gravel (9)
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loess (15)
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mud (6)
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outwash (8)
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overbank sediments (1)
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pebbles (3)
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quartz sand (1)
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sand (29)
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silt (8)
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till (16)
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marine sediments (54)
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peat (10)
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seismology (75)
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selenium (5)
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shorelines (17)
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silicon (3)
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slope stability (17)
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sodium carbonate (1)
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soil mechanics (8)
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soils
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Alluvial soils (1)
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Clay soils (1)
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laterites (1)
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Solomon Islands (2)
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South America
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Amazon River (1)
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Andes
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Eastern Cordillera (4)
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Patagonian Andes (2)
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Argentina
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Bolivia
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Brazil
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Parnaiba Basin (2)
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Chile
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Aisen del General Carlos Ibanez del Campo Chile
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Colombia
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Peru
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Precordillera (3)
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Southern Ocean
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spectroscopy (3)
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sulfur
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S-34/S-32 (73)
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Sun (1)
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thermal waters (4)
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United States
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Absaroka Fault (2)
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Alabama
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Alexander Archipelago (13)
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Arizona
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GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
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Availability
southeastern Alaska
Porphyry Molybdenum Deposits of Alaska, with Emphasis on the Geology of the Quartz Hill Deposit, Southeastern Alaska Available to Purchase
Abstract Subeconomic molybdenum-bearing prophyry deposits and occurrences are scattered widely throughout mainland and southeastern Alaska. Most deposits in mainland Alaska are copper-molybdenum porphyries of probable calc-alkaline arc-related origins. These include Devonian examples in the Brooks Range, middle to Late Cretaceous examples in the northern Alaska Peninsula and northern Wrangell Mountains, and Miocene or younger examples in the Alaska peninsula and Aleutian Islands. Deposits in eastern Alaska and the northeastern Brooks Range are early Tertiary in age and may be related to a period or back-arc, extensional intraplate tectonics. Porphyry deposits in southeastern Alaska are primarily molybdenum bearing and can be roughly separated into two groups based upon their position relative to the Coast batholith. An outboard group of deposits is distributed between Prince of Wales Island and Glacier Bay and is mostly either Jurassic to Cretaceous or middle Eocene to early Oligocene in age. A secoud group of deposits lies within and along the western margin of the Coast batholith from north of Skagway to the latitude of Ketchikan. Isotopic age determinations suggest two periods of molybdenum mineralization during the Eocene-Paleocene and the Oligocene-Miocene. Alaska’s molybdenum-bearing porphyries, especially those of southeastern Alaska, span the classification spectrum from differentiated monzogranite-hosted, subduction-related, low-grade, low fluorine types to high silica rhyolite-alkalic-hosted, high-grade, high fluorine deposits that form in extensional tectonic settings. Endmember types of various ages are present in both southeastern Alaska groups, suggesting that multiple periods of botb lifting- and subduction-related porphyry molybdenum mineralization occurred. The giant Quartz Hill deposit is the only known potentially economic porphyry molybdenum deposit in Alaska. It is located 70 km east of Ketchikan and is hosted by an Oligocene felsic stock that has been emplaced into paragneiss and orthogneiss of the Coast batholith. Quartz Hill has characteristics of both rift-related and subduction-related types. Available data suggest that these unusual characteristics may be the product of the emplacement of a rift-generated porphyry into a subduction-related calc-alkaline arc. The Quartz Hill composite stock, the Travis stock to the southwest, and a smaller stock to the northeast define a 5- by 12-km area of igneous activity, localized along an N 30° E trend. The Quartz Hill composite stock has a surface exposure of 3 by 5 km and is located at the intersection of the southwestern extension of an N 30° E, major right lateral strike-slip fault and the N 55° W Stephens fault. The stock is composed predominantly of porphyritic granites and rhyolites. The intrusive sequence includes initial emplacement of an epizonal felsic magma with early-stage crystallization of biotite granite, followed by rapid crystallization of the Quartz Hill porphyry. Porphyritic rhyolite plugs and dikes intrude the Quartz Hill porphyry and are associated with the formation of semicontemporaneous breccia bodies. Associated breccia pipes suggest possible venting. Late emplacement of rhyolite dikes and small stocks represents the final stage of intrusive activity related to the Quartz Hill composite stock. Regional rhyolite and intermediate to mafic dike swarms cut all other rock types. The Quartz Hill molybdenum deposit occurs almost entirely within the Quartz Hill composite stock. The deposit is tabular to slightly convex upward and is exposed at the surface. Molybdenite is the only mineral of economic importance and occurs with or without quartz in randomly oriented veinlets forming a well-developed stockwork. Mineral inventory calculations reported by the U.S. Borax and Chemical Company in 1982 confirm approxmately 1,760 million short tons with an average grade of 0.127 percent MoS 2 using a 0.08 percent MoS 2 cutoff. The deposit is approximately 2,800 m long and 1,500 m wide and extends to depths of 370 to 500 m. Higher grade mineralization occurs in two zones that contain approximately 200 million short tons each with grades slightly greater than 0.20 percent MoS 2 . Pyrite concentrations average about 1 percent and occur with molybdenite in quartz veinlets and as disseminations in the stock. Concentrations of copper, lead, zinc, and tin are below average crustal abundances, and tungsten is about twice its average crustal abundance. No base metal halo has been recognized surrounding the deposit. The most important product of hydrothermal activity is the development of an intense quartz-molybdenite stocwork. Silicification and development of secondaty potassium feldspar occurs as vein selvages and irregular replacements. Chlorite is widespread and is best developed in more mafic rocks where it is observed replacing biotite. Sericite locally replaces plagioclase adjacent to quartz-pyrite veinlets. Moderate to intense argillic alteration is generally restricted to fault and shear zones. Weak argillic alteration is widespread, forming a clay dusting on feldspars. Calcite occurs as partial replacement after plagioclase, in veins with quartz, and as grains in the matrix. Although classic porphyry molybdenum alteration assemblages are recognnized at Quartz Hill, alteration zonation has not been clearly defined.
Structural evolution of the Alaska Juneau lode gold deposit, southeastern Alaska Free
Late Pleistocene and early Holocene sea-level history and glacial retreat interpreted from shell-bearing marine deposits of southeastern Alaska, USA Open Access
Slope failure and mass transport processes along the Queen Charlotte Fault, southeastern Alaska Available to Purchase
Abstract The Queen Charlotte Fault defines the Pacific–North America transform plate boundary in western Canada and southeastern Alaska for c. 900 km. The entire length of the fault is submerged along a continental margin dominated by Quaternary glacial processes, yet the geomorphology along the margin has never been systematically examined due to the absence of high-resolution seafloor mapping data. Hence the geological processes that influence the distribution, character and timing of mass transport events and their associated hazards remain poorly understood. Here we develop a classification of the first-order shape of the continental shelf, slope and rise to examine potential relationships between form and process dominance. We found that the margin can be split into six geomorphic groups that vary smoothly from north to south between two basic end-members. The northernmost group (west of Chichagof Island, Alaska) is characterized by concave-upwards slope profiles, gentle slope gradients (<6°) and relatively low along-strike variance, all features characteristic of sediment-dominated siliciclastic margins. Dendritic submarine canyon/channel networks and retrogressive failure complexes along relatively gentle slope gradients are observed throughout the region, suggesting that high rates of Quaternary sediment delivery and accumulation played a fundamental part in mass transport processes. Individual failures range in area from 0.02 to 70 km 2 and display scarp heights between 10 and 250 m. Transpression along the Queen Charlotte Fault increases southwards and the slope physiography is thus progressively more influenced by regional-scale tectonic deformation. The southernmost group (west of Haida Gwaii, British Columbia) defines the tectonically dominated end-member: the continental slope is characterized by steep gradients (>20°) along the flanks of broad, margin-parallel ridges and valleys. Mass transport features in the tectonically dominated areas are mostly observed along steep escarpments and the larger slides (up to 10 km 2 ) appear to be failures of consolidated material along the flanks of tectonic features. Overall, these observations highlight the role of first-order margin physiography on the distribution and type of submarine landslides expected to occur in particular morphological settings. The sediment-dominated end-member allows for the accumulation of under-consolidated Quaternary sediments and shows larger, more frequent slides; the rugged physiography of the tectonically dominated end-member leads to sediment bypass and the collapse of uplifted tectonic features. The maximum and average dimensions of slides are an order of magnitude smaller than those of slides observed along other (passive) glaciated margins. We propose that the general patterns observed in slide distribution are caused by the interplay between tectonic activity (long- and short-term) and sediment delivery. The recurrence (<100 years) of M > 7 earthquakes along the Queen Charlotte Fault may generate small, but frequent, failures of under-consolidated Quaternary sediments within the sediment-dominated regions. By contrast, the tectonically dominated regions are characterized by the bypass of Quaternary sediments to the continental rise and the less frequent collapse of steep, uplifted and consolidated sediments.
Subduction geometry of the Yakutat terrane, southeastern Alaska Open Access
Subduction geometry of the Yakutat terrane, southeastern Alaska Open Access
Platinum Group Element Geochemistry of Sulfide-Rich Horizons in the Ural-Alaskan–Type Ultramafic Complex of Duke Island, Southeastern Alaska Available to Purchase
Bokan Mountain peralkaline granitic complex, Alexander terrane (southeastern Alaska): evidence for Early Jurassic rifting prior to accretion with North America Available to Purchase
Relative Source–Time Function Studies and Stress Drop of Earthquakes in Southeastern Alaska–Northwestern Canada Available to Purchase
Geology, Geochemistry and Genesis of the Greens Creek Massive Sulfide Deposit, Admiralty Island, Southeastern Alaska Available to Purchase
Fjords as temporary sediment traps: History of glacial erosion and deposition in Muir Inlet, Glacier Bay National Park, southeastern Alaska Available to Purchase
Mid-Cretaceous–Recent crustal evolution in the central Coast orogen, British Columbia and southeastern Alaska Available to Purchase
The Coast orogen of western coastal British Columbia and southeastern Alaska is one of the largest batholithic belts in the world. This paper addresses the structure and composition of the crust in the central part of this orogen, as well as the history of its development since the mid-Cretaceous. The core of the orogen consists of two belts of metamorphic and plutonic rocks: the western metamorphic and thick-skinned thrust belt comprising 105–90-Ma plutons and their metamorphic country rocks, and the Coast Plutonic Complex on the east, with large volumes of mainly Paleogene magmatic rocks and their high-temperature gneissic host rocks. These two belts are separated by the Coast shear zone, which forms the western boundary of a Paleogene magmatic arc. This shear zone is subvertical, up to 5 km wide, and has been seismically imaged to extend to and offset the Moho. Lithologic units west of the Coast shear zone record contractional deformation and crustal thickening by thrusting and magma emplacement in the mid-Cretaceous. To the east, the Coast Plutonic Complex records regional contraction that evolves to regional extension and coeval uplift and exhumation after ca. 65 Ma. Igneous activity in the Complex formed a Paleogene batholith and gave rise to high crustal temperatures, abundant migmatite and, as a result, considerable strain localization during deformation. In both belts, during each stage of the orogeny, crustal-scale deformation enabled and assisted magma transport and emplacement. In turn, the presence of magma, as well as its thermal effects in the crust, facilitated the deformation. After 50 Ma, the style of crustal evolution changed to one dominated by periods of extension oriented approximately perpendicular to the orogen. The extension resulted in tilting of large and small crustal blocks as well as intra-plate type magmatic activity across the orogen. Seismic-reflection and refraction studies show that the crust of this orogen is unusually thin, probably due to the periods of orogen-perpendicular stretching. Magmatic activity west of the Coast shear zone in the Late Oligocene and Miocene was related to one period of orogen-parallel transtension along the margin. Small-scale, mafic, mantle-derived volcanic activity continues in the region today. The change from convergence to translation and extension is related to a major plate reorganization in the Pacific that led to a change from subduction of an oceanic plate to northwestward translation of the Pacific plate along the northwest coast of North America. Although it has been proposed that this orogen is the site of major (up to 4000 km) pre-Eocene northward terrane translation, there is little evidence for such large-scale displacement or for the kind of discontinuity in the geological record that such displacement would entail.
SILURIAN SPONGES AND SOME ASSOCIATED FOSSILS FROM THE HECETA LIMESTONE, PRINCE OF WALES ISLAND, SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA Available to Purchase
The Metallogeny of Late Triassic Rifting of the Alexander Terrane in Southeastern Alaska and Northwestern British Columbia Available to Purchase
Possible refugia in the Alexander Archipelago of southeastern Alaska during the late Wisconsin glaciation Available to Purchase
ORDOVICIAN “SPHINCTOZOAN” SPONGES FROM PRINCE OF WALES ISLAND, SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA Available to Purchase
Emplacement, rapid burial, and exhumation of 90-Ma plutons in southeastern Alaska Available to Purchase
Metamorphism within the Chugach accretionary complex on southern Baranof Island, southeastern Alaska Available to Purchase
Full article available in PDF version.
Developing high-resolution chronologies in glacimarine sediments: examples from southeastern Alaska Available to Purchase
Abstract Glacial systems release sediment to the marine environment over a range of time periods, including short-term seasonal, tidal, and diurnal scales. Often, the sedimentary record providing the highest temporal resolutions of short-term processes is found in relatively inaccessible areas such as proximal to glacier termini or below floating ice sheets. To assess the importance of short-term glacial and oceanographic processes in creating glacimarine strata, it is necessary to evaluate strata production over similar time scales. Time-series coring, sediment traps, or bathymetric profiles may be difficult to perform in these harsh settings. Coupling the observations of sedimentary structures seen in core X-ray radiographs with sound chronologies allows for the evaluation of short-term glacimarine sedimentation. For seasonal time-scales, the highly particle-reactive radioisotope 234 Th (24 day half-life) can be used to measure the rates of strata production under both steady and non-steady sediment deposition. To create appropriate age-depth relationships, two approaches are used: a rigorous and exacting mathematical model developed from a steady-state transport-reaction equation; and the less exacting CIC (constant initial concentration) and CRS (constant rate of supply or constant flux) point transformations. These methods are used for developing chronologies of cores collected in 1995 in Icy Bay, Alaska at 4, 12, and 32 km from the tidewater terminus of the Guyot Glacier. Examples are given of the boundary conditions that must be satisfied to use each approach in developing age-depth relationships. For the two cores collected closest to the terminus, age-depth relationships can be generated using all three approaches, whereas the presence of bioturbation in the most ice-distal sample severely complicates matters. The high (∼0.5 cm d −1 ) but non-steady sedimentation rates at the ice-proximal station create a high-resolution sedimentary record. The controls on sedimentation at this location are evaluated by examining sedimentary structures (alternating light and dark laminae and beds) seen in digitized X-ray radiographs. The CRS method is used to convert depth to time in X-ray radiographs. The down-core pixel intensities of the grey-scale X-ray radiograph positives are used to create a time series of sedimentation reflected in proxy data (the bulk density of the sediments). By using Blackman-Tukey spectral analyses and relatively new wavelet techniques to evaluate periodic processes, sedimentation at this location can be related to seasonal variability in meltwater production, fortnightly tidal influences on particle settling rates, and episodic precipitation-induced sediment deposition.