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![Empirical compositions of bismuthinite derivatives from Felbertal, with the ideal compositions of known minerals and new, crystallographically characterized phases (salzburgite, paarite and emilite). Molar percentages as indicated. Abbreviations used throughout the text: bs: bismuthinite, pe: pekoite, gl: gladite, sa: salzburgite, pa: paarite, kr: krupkaite, li: lindströmite, em: emilite, ha: hammarite, fr: friedrichite, ai: aikinite, and bdnaik: bismuthinite derivatives with the percentage of aikinite end-member equal to naik.]()
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![A comparison of the structures of a) emilite (Cu10.7Pb10.7Bi21.3S48), and b) salzburgite (Cu6.4Pb6.4Bi25.6S48). Projections along [100], b axis horizontal, c vertical. The atoms at two levels ½ a period apart are shown as lightly and darkly shaded, respectively. In order of decreasing size, the atoms represent S, Pb, Bi, and Cu. The fully occupied Cu positions are indicated in red, and the positions refined as being partially occupied are blue. The origin of the unit cell for salzburgite has been translated ½b + ½c with respect to the published data, for better comparison.]()
![A comparison of the structures of a) emilite (Cu10.7Pb10.7Bi21.3S48), and b) salzburgite (Cu6.4Pb6.4Bi25.6S48). Projections along [100], b axis horizontal, c vertical. The atoms at two levels ½ a period apart are shown as lightly and darkly shaded, respectively. In order of decreasing size, the atoms represent S, Pb, Bi, and Cu. The fully occupied Cu positions are indicated in red, and the positions refined as being partially occupied are blue. The origin of the unit cell for salzburgite has been translated ½b + ½c with respect to the published data, for better comparison.]()
![a. A lamella of copper-oversubstituted gladite (bd39) (the subscript indicates the naik value, explained in the caption to Table 2) with incipient exsolution; above it is a large crystal of salzburgite (bd40) with lamellae of krupkaite (bd48). Grains of native bismuth, Bi telluride and gustavite are indicated. b. Above: a crystal of salzburgite (bd41) with several exsolution-induced lamellae; below: exsolution intergrowth of oversubstituted gladite (bd37) with salzburgite (bd40). A replacement intergrowth of Ag-poor cannizzarite (ca0.6) and cupro-plumbian bismuthinite (bd9) developed at the grain junction. c. A mosaic of large grains of a low-Cu bismuthinite derivative, decomposed into an intergrowth of paarite (bd42) and krupkaite (bd49). Replacement aggregates composed of cupro-plumbian bismuthinite (light grey) and cannizzarite (white) are developed along grain boundaries. d. Graphic intergrowth of cannizzarite (ca2.6) and bismuthinite developed between grains of a bismuthinite derivative, exsolved into paarite (bd42) – krupkaite (bd49) intergrowths. Note the substantial lamellae of krupkaite close to the boundary of the light-colored, low-Cu intergrowth, indicating a Bi-rich zone predating the exsolution. a–d: Back-scattered electron images, material from Felbertal, Austria.]()
![Photomicrographs demonstrating sulfosalt-telluride-native element relationships in Stanos mineralization (a) Pyrite (Py) surrounded by an intergrowth of gladite, krupkaite, bismuthinite (Bmt) and unnamed CuPbBi7S12. Native bismuth and quartz are also present (sample B, reflected light); (b) Intergrowth of gladite, krupkaite and salzburgite-gladite surrounding pyrite (sample B, reflected light); (c) unnamed CuPbBi7S12, krupkaite, lillianite-gustavite and chalcopyrite, postdating pyrite (sample G, reflected light); (d) Paarite (Prt), gladite-salzburgite (Gld-Sal), krupkaite, gladite-pekoite (Gld-Pek) and chalcopyrite replacing cosalite. Quartz is the gangue mineral (sample G, reflected light); (e) Complex intergrowth between salzburgite-gladite, krupkaite, gladite-salzburgite, matildite, native bismuth, cosalite and lillianite-gustavite within chalcopyrite (sample D, reflected light); (f) Intergrowth of phases along the matildite-galena joint (Mtd-Gn) with matildite, native bismuth and late chalcopyrite postdating pyrite. Quartz is the gangue mineral (sample H, reflected light); (g) Lillianite-gustavite associated with joséite-A and chalcopyrite postdates pyrite (sample E, reflected light); (h) Pb-rich ikunolite (Pb-Ik) isolated in quartz. Chalcopyrite rims arsenopyrite (sample I, reflected light); (i) Unnamed (Bi,Pb)4TeS 3, lillianite-gustavite, bismuthinite and chalcopyrite isolated in quartz. Native bismuth is also present (sample I, reflected light); (j) Lillianite-gustavite, intergrown with native gold (Au), Pb-rich joséite-A and chalcopyrite postdating pyrite (sample E, reflected light); (k) Native gold in contact with native bismuth. Lillianite-gustavite, galena, chalcopyrite, pyrite and quartz are also present (sample G, SEM-BSE image); (l) Native bismuth and galena replace lillianite-gustavite and native gold. Chalcopyrite and pyrite are present (sample G, SEM-BSE image).]()
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![Reflectance data (Rmax and Rmin) in air for salzburgite (larger squares), paarite (diamonds), gladite (smaller squares) and krupkaite (triangles).]()
![The Δy coordinate curves for the string of Cu atoms in stoichiometric gladite, salzburgite and paarite, on the background of Fourier maps in the internal space x2 – x4.]()
![The Δy coordinate curves for the string of Cu atoms in stoichiometric gladite, salzburgite and paarite, on the background of Fourier maps in the internal space x2 – x4.]()
![The Δy coordinate curves for the string of Cu atoms in stoichiometric gladite, salzburgite and paarite, on the background of Fourier maps in the internal space x2 – x4.]()
![The crystal structures of (a) gladite, (b) salzburgite and (c) paarite, with the cation strings parallel to b indicated by labeling. Atoms of sulfur are shown in yellow, and atoms of copper, in green.]()
![The crystal structures of (a) gladite, (b) salzburgite and (c) paarite, with the cation strings parallel to b indicated by labeling. Atoms of sulfur are shown in yellow, and atoms of copper, in green.]()
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Journal Article
MINERALOGICAL DATA ON SALZBURGITE AND PAARITE, TWO NEW MEMBERS OF THE BISMUTHINITE–AIKINITE SERIES Available to Purchase
Journal: The Canadian Mineralogist
Publisher: Mineralogical Association of Canada
Published: 01 June 2005
The Canadian Mineralogist (2005) 43 (3): 909–917.
...Dan Topa; Emil Makovicky; Tonči Balić-Žunić Abstract Salzburgite, Cu 1.6 Pb 1.6 Bi 6.4 S 12 , with a 4.007(1), b 44.81(1), c 11.513(3) Å, space group Pmc 2 1 , Z = 4, and paarite, Cu 1.7 Pb 1.7 Bi 6.3 S 12 , with a 4.0070(6), b 55.998(8), c 11.512(2) Å, space group Pmcn , Z = 5, are two new...
FIGURES
Journal Article
INTERPRETATION OF SELECTED STRUCTURES OF THE BISMUTHINITE – AIKINITE SERIES AS COMMENSURATELY MODULATED STRUCTURES Available to Purchase
Journal: The Canadian Mineralogist
Publisher: Mineralogical Association of Canada
Published: 01 February 2006
The Canadian Mineralogist (2006) 44 (1): 189–206.
...Vaclav Petříček; Emil Makovicky Abstract The bismuthinite – aikinite (Bi 2 S 3 – CuPbBiS 3 ) series of ordered derivatives (superstructures) is based on the incremental Bi + vacancy → Pb + Cu substitution. Selected structures of this series, gladite, salzburgite, paarite and krupkaite, were...
FIGURES
Journal Article
THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF EMILITE, Cu 10.7 Pb 10.7 Bi 21.3 S 48 , THE SECOND 45 Å DERIVATIVE OF THE BISMUTHINITE–AIKINITE SOLID-SOLUTION SERIES Available to Purchase
Journal: The Canadian Mineralogist
Publisher: Mineralogical Association of Canada
Published: 01 February 2002
The Canadian Mineralogist (2002) 40 (1): 239–245.
... of krupkaite-like and aikinite-like structure intervals. Emilite is structurally an analogue of the only other 45 Å member of the series, salzburgite (Cu 6.4 Pb 6.4 Bi 25.6 S 48 ). Where one structure has [001] rows of Cu-filled tetrahedra, the other has empty or half-empty tetrahedra, and vice versa...
FIGURES
Journal Article
THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF PAARITE, THE NEWLY DISCOVERED 56 Å DERIVATIVE OF THE BISMUTHINITE–AIKINITE SOLID-SOLUTION SERIES Available to Purchase
Journal: The Canadian Mineralogist
Publisher: Mineralogical Association of Canada
Published: 01 October 2001
The Canadian Mineralogist (2001) 39 (5): 1377–1382.
... 1:1 alternation. Coordination polyhedra have been analyzed using the polyhedron-distortion parameters devised recently by Balić-Žunić & Makovicky, and comparisons to the structures of salzburgite and lindströmite are given. This new derivative occurs at Felbertal both as independent grains...
FIGURES
Image
Empirical compositions of bismuthinite derivatives from Felbertal, with the... Available to Purchase
in COMPOSITION RANGES AND EXSOLUTION PAIRS FOR THE MEMBERS OF THE BISMUTHINITE–AIKINITE SERIES FROM FELBERTAL, AUSTRIA
> The Canadian Mineralogist
Published: 01 June 2002
F ig . 2. Empirical compositions of bismuthinite derivatives from Felbertal, with the ideal compositions of known minerals and new, crystallographically characterized phases (salzburgite, paarite and emilite). Molar percentages as indicated. Abbreviations used throughout the text: bs
Image
REFLECTANCE DATA IN AIR FOR SALZBURGITE AND PAARITE Available to Purchase
in MINERALOGICAL DATA ON SALZBURGITE AND PAARITE, TWO NEW MEMBERS OF THE BISMUTHINITE–AIKINITE SERIES
> The Canadian Mineralogist
Published: 01 June 2005
TABLE 1. REFLECTANCE DATA IN AIR FOR SALZBURGITE AND PAARITE
Image
CALCULATED POWDER-DIFFRACTION DATA FOR SALZBURGITE Available to Purchase
in MINERALOGICAL DATA ON SALZBURGITE AND PAARITE, TWO NEW MEMBERS OF THE BISMUTHINITE–AIKINITE SERIES
> The Canadian Mineralogist
Published: 01 June 2005
TABLE 4. CALCULATED POWDER-DIFFRACTION DATA FOR SALZBURGITE
Image
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SALZBURGITE FROM FELBERTAL, AUSTRIA Available to Purchase
in MINERALOGICAL DATA ON SALZBURGITE AND PAARITE, TWO NEW MEMBERS OF THE BISMUTHINITE–AIKINITE SERIES
> The Canadian Mineralogist
Published: 01 June 2005
TABLE 2. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SALZBURGITE FROM FELBERTAL, AUSTRIA
Image
![A comparison of the structures of a) emilite (Cu10.7Pb10.7Bi21.3S48), and b) salzburgite (Cu6.4Pb6.4Bi25.6S48). Projections along [100], b axis horizontal, c vertical. The atoms at two levels ½ a period apart are shown as lightly and darkly shaded, respectively. In order of decreasing size, the atoms represent S, Pb, Bi, and Cu. The fully occupied Cu positions are indicated in red, and the positions refined as being partially occupied are blue. The origin of the unit cell for salzburgite has been translated ½b + ½c with respect to the published data, for better comparison.](https://gsw.silverchair-cdn.com/gsw/Content_public/Journal/canmin/40/1/10.2113_gscanmin.40.1.239/3/s_239fig2a.jpeg?Expires=2147483647&Signature=3MLjpt8MdGo1Byr-05w997eB8Fn4byPO4kTIw0zk0MQRZiPQjPnWe5n~xPjS0h0L~mqVn5o30-HmZ23PaIhVTZMeERe0-4VtpNQ2GYISD08BE3We4NlXsOPjOL2g8nqelxI7FHR4TZUWlEz0pvrVvjZrrO6hjyZkMauFfkoI3IhaAzOjceROF9B4gatkvRN4apebPA223GIV2blbPkSz6Lf3J91GoN-zg~9h9noYwxJG1YVmzTkFp-pOMoW~14euIfDKcxFPZuPNiU15s~DNAyXb06WS3JI6zZkcSe5z-PbGUMEI-iFunU918-u741GSX1dt2flSrNliKtDaq5s7Pg__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAIE5G5CRDK6RD3PGA)
A comparison of the structures of a) emilite (Cu 10.7 Pb 10.7 Bi 21.3 S 48 ... Available to Purchase
in THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF EMILITE, Cu 10.7 Pb 10.7 Bi 21.3 S 48 , THE SECOND 45 Å DERIVATIVE OF THE BISMUTHINITE–AIKINITE SOLID-SOLUTION SERIES
> The Canadian Mineralogist
Published: 01 February 2002
F ig . 2. A comparison of the structures of a) emilite (Cu 10.7 Pb 10.7 Bi 21.3 S 48 ), and b) salzburgite (Cu 6.4 Pb 6.4 Bi 25.6 S 48 ). Projections along [100], b axis horizontal, c vertical. The atoms at two levels ½ a period apart are shown as lightly and darkly shaded, respectively
Image
![A comparison of the structures of a) emilite (Cu10.7Pb10.7Bi21.3S48), and b) salzburgite (Cu6.4Pb6.4Bi25.6S48). Projections along [100], b axis horizontal, c vertical. The atoms at two levels ½ a period apart are shown as lightly and darkly shaded, respectively. In order of decreasing size, the atoms represent S, Pb, Bi, and Cu. The fully occupied Cu positions are indicated in red, and the positions refined as being partially occupied are blue. The origin of the unit cell for salzburgite has been translated ½b + ½c with respect to the published data, for better comparison.](https://gsw.silverchair-cdn.com/gsw/Content_public/Journal/canmin/40/1/10.2113_gscanmin.40.1.239/3/s_239fig2b.jpeg?Expires=2147483647&Signature=k47f2W84~dAeRywDlbx9Prl-l0awVgV0jJPhDlVRxpEIcrP-8JjdR6xCER5bS9bWt8j0wxwy~C2oP54uNHbm9baJQ8XrwJe~XERTylbsNQhjc4uAoLdgYf-2HF51rA6QaRh~hXojnKYG5O2Kjmm5BZAzSphBWohI84qHlNriJvOwx20CGeKhysWpRJAgw~RkfOKojhse0Ujccko7qWVvRChujqEajyrh3Qas8IHNLcFrt6gSSKZwjiQmUaPyHi1AV8DLdkAMV2gI5UREwm3eWyVt~P9LN4x1~XqwlFMKG-JeUVzJ2MP4XCqygF~nBi-NyaA6yprvgD0JXeBLo4Oimg__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAIE5G5CRDK6RD3PGA)
A comparison of the structures of a) emilite (Cu 10.7 Pb 10.7 Bi 21.3 S 48 ... Available to Purchase
in THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF EMILITE, Cu 10.7 Pb 10.7 Bi 21.3 S 48 , THE SECOND 45 Å DERIVATIVE OF THE BISMUTHINITE–AIKINITE SOLID-SOLUTION SERIES
> The Canadian Mineralogist
Published: 01 February 2002
F ig . 2. A comparison of the structures of a) emilite (Cu 10.7 Pb 10.7 Bi 21.3 S 48 ), and b) salzburgite (Cu 6.4 Pb 6.4 Bi 25.6 S 48 ). Projections along [100], b axis horizontal, c vertical. The atoms at two levels ½ a period apart are shown as lightly and darkly shaded, respectively
Image
a. A lamella of copper-oversubstituted gladite (bd 39 ) (the subscript indi... Available to Purchase
in MINERALOGICAL DATA ON SALZBURGITE AND PAARITE, TWO NEW MEMBERS OF THE BISMUTHINITE–AIKINITE SERIES
> The Canadian Mineralogist
Published: 01 June 2005
F ig . 4. a. A lamella of copper-oversubstituted gladite (bd 39 ) (the subscript indicates the n aik value, explained in the caption to Table 2 ) with incipient exsolution; above it is a large crystal of salzburgite (bd 40 ) with lamellae of krupkaite (bd 48 ). Grains of native bismuth, Bi
Image
Photomicrographs demonstrating sulfosalt-telluride-native element relations... Available to Purchase
in Bismuthinite derivatives, lillianite homologues, and bismuth sulfotellurides as indicators of gold mineralization in the Stanos shear-zone related deposit, Chalkidiki, northern Greece
> The Canadian Mineralogist
Published: 01 February 2013
); (b) Intergrowth of gladite, krupkaite and salzburgite-gladite surrounding pyrite (sample B, reflected light); (c) unnamed CuPbBi 7 S 12 , krupkaite, lillianite-gustavite and chalcopyrite, postdating pyrite (sample G, reflected light); (d) Paarite (Prt), gladite-salzburgite (Gld-Sal), krupkaite
Journal Article
Mineralogy, Fluid Characteristics, and Re-Os Age of the Late Triassic Dahu Au-Mo Deposit, Xiaoqinling Region, Central China: Evidence for a Magmatic-Hydrothermal Origin Available to Purchase
Journal: Economic Geology
Publisher: Society of Economic Geologists
Published: 01 January 2015
Economic Geology (2015) 110 (1): 119–145.
..., tellurobismuthite, buckhornite, hessite, petzite, calaverite, aikinite, kupcikite, lindstromite, salzburgite, wittichenite, and tetradymite. The system is characterized by carbono-aqueous fluids of low to moderate salinity and high oxygen fugacity. Total homogenization temperatures of the H 2 O-CO 2 fluid...
FIGURES
Journal Article
Bismuthinite derivatives, lillianite homologues, and bismuth sulfotellurides as indicators of gold mineralization in the Stanos shear-zone related deposit, Chalkidiki, northern Greece Available to Purchase
Journal: The Canadian Mineralogist
Publisher: Mineralogical Association of Canada
Published: 01 February 2013
The Canadian Mineralogist (2013) 51 (1): 119–142.
...); (b) Intergrowth of gladite, krupkaite and salzburgite-gladite surrounding pyrite (sample B, reflected light); (c) unnamed CuPbBi 7 S 12 , krupkaite, lillianite-gustavite and chalcopyrite, postdating pyrite (sample G, reflected light); (d) Paarite (Prt), gladite-salzburgite (Gld-Sal), krupkaite...
FIGURES
Image
Reflectance data (R max and R min ) in air for salzburgite (larger squares... Available to Purchase
in MINERALOGICAL DATA ON SALZBURGITE AND PAARITE, TWO NEW MEMBERS OF THE BISMUTHINITE–AIKINITE SERIES
> The Canadian Mineralogist
Published: 01 June 2005
F ig . 1. Reflectance data (R max and R min ) in air for salzburgite (larger squares), paarite (diamonds), gladite (smaller squares) and krupkaite (triangles).
Image
The Δ y coordinate curves for the string of Cu atoms in stoichiometric gla... Available to Purchase
in INTERPRETATION OF SELECTED STRUCTURES OF THE BISMUTHINITE – AIKINITE SERIES AS COMMENSURATELY MODULATED STRUCTURES
> The Canadian Mineralogist
Published: 01 February 2006
F ig . 10. The Δ y coordinate curves for the string of Cu atoms in stoichiometric gladite, salzburgite and paarite, on the background of Fourier maps in the internal space x 2 – x 4 .
Image
The Δ y coordinate curves for the string of Cu atoms in stoichiometric gla... Available to Purchase
in INTERPRETATION OF SELECTED STRUCTURES OF THE BISMUTHINITE – AIKINITE SERIES AS COMMENSURATELY MODULATED STRUCTURES
> The Canadian Mineralogist
Published: 01 February 2006
F ig . 10. The Δ y coordinate curves for the string of Cu atoms in stoichiometric gladite, salzburgite and paarite, on the background of Fourier maps in the internal space x 2 – x 4 .
Image
The Δ y coordinate curves for the string of Cu atoms in stoichiometric gla... Available to Purchase
in INTERPRETATION OF SELECTED STRUCTURES OF THE BISMUTHINITE – AIKINITE SERIES AS COMMENSURATELY MODULATED STRUCTURES
> The Canadian Mineralogist
Published: 01 February 2006
F ig . 10. The Δ y coordinate curves for the string of Cu atoms in stoichiometric gladite, salzburgite and paarite, on the background of Fourier maps in the internal space x 2 – x 4 .
Image
The crystal structures of (a) gladite, (b) salzburgite and (c) paarite, wit... Available to Purchase
in INTERPRETATION OF SELECTED STRUCTURES OF THE BISMUTHINITE – AIKINITE SERIES AS COMMENSURATELY MODULATED STRUCTURES
> The Canadian Mineralogist
Published: 01 February 2006
F ig . 8. The crystal structures of (a) gladite, (b) salzburgite and (c) paarite, with the cation strings parallel to b indicated by labeling. Atoms of sulfur are shown in yellow, and atoms of copper, in green.
Image
The crystal structures of (a) gladite, (b) salzburgite and (c) paarite, wit... Available to Purchase
in INTERPRETATION OF SELECTED STRUCTURES OF THE BISMUTHINITE – AIKINITE SERIES AS COMMENSURATELY MODULATED STRUCTURES
> The Canadian Mineralogist
Published: 01 February 2006
F ig . 8. The crystal structures of (a) gladite, (b) salzburgite and (c) paarite, with the cation strings parallel to b indicated by labeling. Atoms of sulfur are shown in yellow, and atoms of copper, in green.
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