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![Possible regurgitalites from the Kimmeridgian–Tithonian lithographic limestone of the Causse Méjean. (a) Possible regurgitalite, fossiliferous heap composed of echinoid remains (Hemicidaroida indet.) including fragments of Aristotle’s lantern (Ar.), plates (Pl.) with perforated and crenulated tubercles (Tu.), spines (Sp.) and micro-spatulate spines (S.sp.); Nivoliers, APHPL_NIV45. (b) Regurgitalite, fossiliferous heap composed of a mix of echinoderm remains including ossicles (Os.) of comatulids as well as plates (Pl.) and spines (Sp.) of echinoids; Nivoliers, APHPL_NIV34. All scale bars: 1 cm.]()
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![Visual summary of regurgitalites from the Egg Mountain locality with comparison to modern diurnal raptor gastric pellets. (A) MOR 10912 regurgitalite, consisting of three Alphadon halleyi, represented largely by cranial elements and broken, digested postcrania. (B) MOR 10913 regurgitalite, including 10 A. halleyi and an indeterminate lizard, also represented disproportionately by broken cranial elements. (C–E) Alphadon halleyi in regurgitalites share many features with prey items in extant diurnal raptor gastric pellets, including high relative abundance of crania compared with postcrania (C), extensive breakage (D), and observable digestive corrosion (E). These features are in part a product of prey processing in modern raptors, and T. formosus may have fed similarly. Relative abundance of Fig. 3C compiled from Andrews (1990) and Montalvo and Fernández (2019) (Freimuth 2020; Freimuth et al. in press); extant mouse opossum (Thylamys pallidior) maxilla (D) from Fernández et al. (2012); extant mouse (Mus spretus) ulna (E) from Souttou et al. (2012). Figures 3D and 3E are not to scale. [Colour online.]]()
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![Identification key for distinguishing different types of digestive remains produced by vertebrate carnivores. Bromalites are identified by the biotic packing or sub-parallel alignment of their bones, or their association with the remains of a predator (in the case of consumulites). Coprolites are usually distinguished by a characteristic shape, particular digestive wear patterns, or high concentrations of phosphate. Regurgitalites are distinguished by the absence of these factors, or the presence of highly digestible soft tissue. Taxonomic factors of relevance include gut retention time, gastric pH, and intestinal digestive enzymes, which may vary across taxa. This key may facilitate the identification of regurgitalites, but no individual line of evidence is definitive.]()
![Example of regurgitalite from the Mississippian (Visean) of Poland.]()
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![Aptychi-containing regurgitalites from Late Jurassic Solnhofen-type deposits: (a, b) lamellaptychi, Middle–Late Kimmeridgian of Painten (southern Germany), coll. no. SNSB-BSPG 2014 XXI 79412 and 79413; (c) lamellaptychi, Early Tithonian of Eichstätt (southern Germany), coll. no. SNSB-BSPG 2014 XXI 79174; (d) lamellaptychi, Late Kimmeridgian of Nusplingen (southern Germany), coll. no. SMNS 63279; (e) laevaptychi, Late Kimmeridgian of Nusplingen (southern Germany), coll. no. SMNS 70491; (f) laevaptychi, Late Kimmeridgian of Nusplingen (southern Germany), coll. no. SMNS 70492; (g) lamellaptychi, Tithonian of Blumenberg near Eichstätt (southern Germany), coll. no. RUB-Pal 12001; (h) lamellaptychi, Tithonian of Blumenberg near Eichstätt (southern Germany, leg. R. Frattigiani), coll. no RUB-Pal 12002; note that some of the aptychi are intact, others are fragmented.]()
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![(a) Cross-plot between symphysis lengths of lamellaptychi (dots) and laevaptychi (boxes) found with associated shells and the maximum diameter of the shells. (b) Histogram and kernel plot of the shell sizes calculated from the relationship of (a) using the symphysis lengths measured from the regurgitalites (Table 1).]()
![Distribution of angular fossil shell fragments through the Ordovician—Mississippian. n, number of investigated localities per geological period; ++, angular shell fragments abundant; +, angular shell fragments present; −, angular shell fragments absent or exceedingly rare; number of regurgitalites in parentheses.]()
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1-20 OF 24 RESULTS FOR
regurgitalites
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Journal Article
DISTINGUISHING REGURGITALITES AND COPROLITES: A CASE STUDY USING A TRIASSIC BROMALITE WITH SOFT TISSUE OF THE PSEUDOSUCHIAN ARCHOSAUR REVUELTOSAURUS Available to Purchase
Journal: PALAIOS
Publisher: SEPM Society for Sedimentary Geology
Published: 17 March 2020
PALAIOS (2020) 35 (3): 111–121.
...CALEB M. GORDON; BRIAN T. ROACH; WILLIAM G. PARKER; DEREK E. G. BRIGGS ABSTRACT Regurgitalites (fossilized regurgitates) can provide insight into the behavioral ecology and physiology of extinct species but they are rarely reported because they are difficult to identify and distinguish from...
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Journal Article
Regurgitalites – a window into the trophic ecology of fossil cephalopods Available to Purchase
Journal: Journal of the Geological Society
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Published: 18 October 2019
Journal of the Geological Society (2020) 177 (1): 82–102.
... such material. Herein, we regard coleoids with an opportunistic diet as the most likely producers of the aptychi-bearing regurgitalites. This is based on finds of aptychi in the stomachs of the two coleoids Plesioteuthis and Trachyteuthis. They were likely fast, highly manoeuvrable swimmers. Both share a strong...
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Image
Possible regurgitalites from the Kimmeridgian–Tithonian lithographic limest... Available to Purchase
in Konservat-Lagerstätten from the Upper Jurassic lithographic limestone of the Causse Méjean (Lozère, southern France): palaeontological and palaeoenvironmental synthesis
> Geological Magazine
Published: 17 January 2022
Fig. 15. Possible regurgitalites from the Kimmeridgian–Tithonian lithographic limestone of the Causse Méjean. (a) Possible regurgitalite, fossiliferous heap composed of echinoid remains (Hemicidaroida indet.) including fragments of Aristotle’s lantern (Ar.), plates (Pl.) with perforated
Image
List of invertebrate tracks, coprolites and regurgitalites from the upper K... Available to Purchase
in Konservat-Lagerstätten from the Upper Jurassic lithographic limestone of the Causse Méjean (Lozère, southern France): palaeontological and palaeoenvironmental synthesis
> Geological Magazine
Published: 17 January 2022
Table 4. List of invertebrate tracks, coprolites and regurgitalites from the upper Kimmeridgian to lower Tithonian lithographic limestone of the Causse Méjean. Ichnotaxa Drigas Nivoliers Cochlichnus isp. + Crescentichnus isp. + Kouphichnium isp
Image
![Visual summary of regurgitalites from the Egg Mountain locality with comparison to modern diurnal raptor gastric pellets. (A) MOR 10912 regurgitalite, consisting of three Alphadon halleyi, represented largely by cranial elements and broken, digested postcrania. (B) MOR 10913 regurgitalite, including 10 A. halleyi and an indeterminate lizard, also represented disproportionately by broken cranial elements. (C–E) Alphadon halleyi in regurgitalites share many features with prey items in extant diurnal raptor gastric pellets, including high relative abundance of crania compared with postcrania (C), extensive breakage (D), and observable digestive corrosion (E). These features are in part a product of prey processing in modern raptors, and T. formosus may have fed similarly. Relative abundance of Fig. 3C compiled from Andrews (1990) and Montalvo and Fernández (2019) (Freimuth 2020; Freimuth et al. in press); extant mouse opossum (Thylamys pallidior) maxilla (D) from Fernández et al. (2012); extant mouse (Mus spretus) ulna (E) from Souttou et al. (2012). Figures 3D and 3E are not to scale. [Colour online.]](https://gsw.silverchair-cdn.com/gsw/Content_public/Journal/cjes/58/9/10.1139_cjes-2020-0184/1/s_cjes-2020-0184f3.jpeg?Expires=2147483647&Signature=22dedbNu7pPFwewhTR7O5KqE2TCur-GcDFjCukQntPWBBDSF5lzHswwupOhOdjzd49EkVg6rSVhuXRZnWMDZWdn0y3EQ7qTojqqcSYfg7YwjLSpFL3B~BSg3wQYFUe5l7zxmVFEGwtaxoDEa1CXdS95v~zsjqr8JoCAMlIRvXlJgRkNGnsc4oTPCxhveCoIBAYFejQbCsb0NtegIEBXDVD7FdBRo4eBYAhLTslvb~IM~PBtzT2y4w9s8Z1cd86mmCSJ0U70M0zbMAENBCz1yvL3ug2l7rzz6iyYCBg-tg6sh6MuussBDS815Aqus-Dv4gxedc1ANnx5a1mCpzX4ekg__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAIE5G5CRDK6RD3PGA)
Visual summary of regurgitalites from the Egg Mountain locality with compar... Available to Purchase
in Revisiting Russell’s troodontid: autecology, physiology, and speculative tool use 1
> Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
Published: 18 June 2021
Fig. 3. Visual summary of regurgitalites from the Egg Mountain locality with comparison to modern diurnal raptor gastric pellets. (A) MOR 10912 regurgitalite, consisting of three Alphadon halleyi , represented largely by cranial elements and broken, digested postcrania. (B) MOR 10913
Journal Article
Trends in shell fragmentation as evidence of mid-Paleozoic changes in marine predation Available to Purchase
Journal: Paleobiology
Publisher: Paleontological Society
Published: 30 September 2013
Paleobiology (2014) 40 (1): 14–23.
... predation. Using such angular shell fragments as a predation proxy, we analyze data from 57 European Paleozoic localities spanning the Ordovician through the Mississippian. Our results reveal a significant increase in angular shell fragments (either occurring as isolated valves or present in regurgitalites...
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Journal Article
SIGNIFICANCE OF A SMALL REGURGITALITE CONTAINING LISSAMPHIBIAN BONES, FROM THE MORRISON FORMATION (UPPER JURASSIC), WITHIN A DIVERSE PLANT LOCALITY DEPOSIT IN SOUTHEASTERN UTAH, USA Available to Purchase
Journal: PALAIOS
Publisher: SEPM Society for Sedimentary Geology
Published: 25 August 2022
PALAIOS (2022) 37 (8): 433–442.
... referable to lissamphibians, including elements of at least one small frog (possibly a tadpole) and possibly the smallest reported salamander specimen from the formation. Chemical and taphonomic characters suggest that the specimen is a regurgitalite, the first from both the Morrison Formation...
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Image
Identification key for distinguishing different types of digestive remains ... Available to Purchase
in DISTINGUISHING REGURGITALITES AND COPROLITES: A CASE STUDY USING A TRIASSIC BROMALITE WITH SOFT TISSUE OF THE PSEUDOSUCHIAN ARCHOSAUR REVUELTOSAURUS
> PALAIOS
Published: 17 March 2020
). Coprolites are usually distinguished by a characteristic shape, particular digestive wear patterns, or high concentrations of phosphate. Regurgitalites are distinguished by the absence of these factors, or the presence of highly digestible soft tissue. Taxonomic factors of relevance include gut retention
Image
Example of regurgitalite from the Mississippian (Visean) of Poland. Available to Purchase
in Trends in shell fragmentation as evidence of mid-Paleozoic changes in marine predation
> Paleobiology
Published: 30 September 2013
Figure 6. Example of regurgitalite from the Mississippian (Visean) of Poland.
Journal Article
Revisiting Russell’s troodontid: autecology, physiology, and speculative tool use 1 Available to Purchase
Journal: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
Published: 18 June 2021
Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (2021) 58 (9): 796–811.
...Fig. 3. Visual summary of regurgitalites from the Egg Mountain locality with comparison to modern diurnal raptor gastric pellets. (A) MOR 10912 regurgitalite, consisting of three Alphadon halleyi , represented largely by cranial elements and broken, digested postcrania. (B) MOR 10913...
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Image
The distribution of angular fragments and regurgitalites for pre-Mississipp... Available to Purchase
in Trends in shell fragmentation as evidence of mid-Paleozoic changes in marine predation
> Paleobiology
Published: 30 September 2013
Table 2. The distribution of angular fragments and regurgitalites for pre-Mississippian and Mississippian localities. Details as in Table 1 .
Image
The distribution of angular fragments and regurgitalites for pre-Mississipp... Available to Purchase
in Trends in shell fragmentation as evidence of mid-Paleozoic changes in marine predation
> Paleobiology
Published: 30 September 2013
Table 4. The distribution of angular fragments and regurgitalites for pre-Mississippian and Mississippian by area sampled. Details as in Table 1 .
Image
The distribution of angular fragments and regurgitalites among four geologi... Available to Purchase
in Trends in shell fragmentation as evidence of mid-Paleozoic changes in marine predation
> Paleobiology
Published: 30 September 2013
Table 3. The distribution of angular fragments and regurgitalites among four geologic periods by area sampled. Details as in Table 1 .
Image
Aptychi-containing regurgitalites from Late Jurassic Solnhofen-type deposit... Available to Purchase
in Regurgitalites – a window into the trophic ecology of fossil cephalopods
> Journal of the Geological Society
Published: 18 October 2019
Fig. 1. Aptychi-containing regurgitalites from Late Jurassic Solnhofen-type deposits: ( a , b ) lamellaptychi, Middle–Late Kimmeridgian of Painten (southern Germany), coll. no. SNSB-BSPG 2014 XXI 79412 and 79413; ( c ) lamellaptychi, Early Tithonian of Eichstätt (southern Germany), coll
Image
The distribution of angular fragments and regurgitalites among four geologi... Available to Purchase
in Trends in shell fragmentation as evidence of mid-Paleozoic changes in marine predation
> Paleobiology
Published: 30 September 2013
Table 1. The distribution of angular fragments and regurgitalites among four geologic periods by localities. Binomial p -vales in parentheses. Statistical significance: * 0.05; ** 0.01; *** 0.001. Null hypotheses: italics, observed number or fewer; bold, observed number or more (see Appendix
Image
( a ) Cross-plot between symphysis lengths of lamellaptychi (dots) and laev... Available to Purchase
in Regurgitalites – a window into the trophic ecology of fossil cephalopods
> Journal of the Geological Society
Published: 18 October 2019
from the regurgitalites ( Table 1 ).
Image
Distribution of angular fossil shell fragments through the Ordovician—Missi... Available to Purchase
in Trends in shell fragmentation as evidence of mid-Paleozoic changes in marine predation
> Paleobiology
Published: 30 September 2013
of regurgitalites in parentheses.
Journal Article
Konservat-Lagerstätten from the Upper Jurassic lithographic limestone of the Causse Méjean (Lozère, southern France): palaeontological and palaeoenvironmental synthesis Available to Purchase
Journal: Geological Magazine
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Published: 17 January 2022
Geological Magazine (2022) 159 (5): 761–781.
...Fig. 15. Possible regurgitalites from the Kimmeridgian–Tithonian lithographic limestone of the Causse Méjean. (a) Possible regurgitalite, fossiliferous heap composed of echinoid remains (Hemicidaroida indet.) including fragments of Aristotle’s lantern (Ar.), plates (Pl.) with perforated...
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Journal Article
TAPHONOMY AND BIOLOGICAL AFFINITY OF THREE-DIMENSIONALLY PHOSPHATIZED BROMALITES FROM THE MIDDLE ORDOVICIAN WINNESHIEK LAGERSTÄTTE, NORTHEASTERN IOWA, USA Available to Purchase
Journal: PALAIOS
Publisher: SEPM Society for Sedimentary Geology
Published: 09 January 2018
PALAIOS (2018) 33 (1): 1–15.
...). Hunt (1992) first coined the term bromalite to encompass specimens representing digestive contents that had either been regurgitated (regurgitalites), expelled as fecal material (coprolites), or were mineralized in situ within the digestive organs following the death of an organism (cololites...
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Journal Article
New biogeochemical insights into Mesozoic terrestrial paleoecology and evidence for omnivory in troodontid dinosaurs Available to Purchase
Journal: GSA Bulletin
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Published: 15 November 2023
GSA Bulletin (2024) 136 (7-8): 2689–2701.
... ), and the association of troodontid fossils with small mammal fossil aggregates interpreted as regurgitalites ( Freimuth et al., 2021 ). Given this equivocal, or at least inconsistent, evidence from other sources, the application of geochemical indicators such as Sr/Ca–Ba/Ca has the potential to provide critical...
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