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GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
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Cape Verde Islands (1)
-
Central Africa
-
Angola (1)
-
Congo (1)
-
Congo Democratic Republic
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Shaba Congo Democratic Republic (1)
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-
Rwanda (3)
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Congo Craton (1)
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East Africa
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Djibouti (1)
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Ethiopia (1)
-
Kenya (1)
-
Malawi (2)
-
Tanzania (2)
-
Uganda (1)
-
Zambia (1)
-
-
East African Rift (1)
-
Gregory Rift (1)
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Kalahari Desert (1)
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Limpopo Belt (1)
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Madagascar (1)
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North Africa
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Egypt
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Cairo Egypt (1)
-
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Morocco
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Bou Azzer (1)
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Rif
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Beni Bouchera (1)
-
-
-
-
Southern Africa
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Barberton greenstone belt (1)
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Botswana (1)
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Kaapvaal Craton (1)
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Kalahari Craton (2)
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Lesotho (1)
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Namibia (4)
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South Africa
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Free State South Africa (2)
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Limpopo South Africa (1)
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Merensky Reef (1)
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Mpumalanga South Africa (1)
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Northern Cape Province South Africa (1)
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Witwatersrand (2)
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West Africa
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Cameroon (1)
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Ivory Coast (1)
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Mali (2)
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Nigeria
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Niger Delta (1)
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Altiplano (1)
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Antarctica
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Ellsworth Land
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Ellsworth Mountains (1)
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Transantarctic Mountains
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Ohio Range (1)
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Arctic Ocean
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Asia
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Altai Mountains
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Altai Russian Federation
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Arabian Peninsula
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Baikal region (3)
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Buryat Russian Federation (2)
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Central Asia
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Kazakhstan
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Kokchetav Massif (1)
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Far East
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Burma
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Shan State Burma (1)
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China
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Anhui China (1)
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Dabie Mountains (3)
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Hunan China (1)
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Inner Mongolia China (1)
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Nanling (1)
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North China Platform (5)
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Qilian Mountains (1)
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Sanjiang (1)
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Shandong China
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Shandong Peninsula (1)
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Shanxi China (2)
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Sichuan Basin (2)
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South China Block (2)
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Xinjiang China
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Junggar (2)
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Tarim Basin (2)
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Xizang China
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Gangdese Belt (1)
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Lhasa Block (2)
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Yangtze River (2)
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Zhejiang China (1)
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Indonesia
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Japan
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Honshu
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Hida metamorphic belt (1)
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Kyushu
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Nagasaki Japan
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Shikoku (1)
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Korea (1)
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Mongolia (4)
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Philippine Islands
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Luzon
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Thailand (1)
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Indian Peninsula
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India
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Jharkhand India
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Maharashtra India
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Narmada Valley (1)
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Northeastern India (1)
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Rajasthan India
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Khetri copper belt (1)
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Shillong Plateau (1)
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Nepal (4)
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Pakistan (2)
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Thar Desert (1)
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Indus-Yarlung Zangbo suture zone (1)
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Irkutsk Russian Federation
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Kamchatka Russian Federation
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Kamchatka Peninsula (3)
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Khabarovsk Russian Federation (1)
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Middle East
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Sri Lanka (1)
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Tibetan Plateau (8)
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Tien Shan (4)
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Turkmenia
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Karakum (1)
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Tuva Russian Federation (1)
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Uzbekistan
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Western Transbaikalia (1)
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Yakutia Russian Federation (3)
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Zabaykalskiy Russian Federation (1)
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
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Mid-Atlantic Ridge
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Atlantis Massif
-
Lost City hydrothermal field (1)
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-
-
North Atlantic
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Atlantis Massif
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Lost City hydrothermal field (1)
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-
Celtic Sea (1)
-
Faeroe-Shetland Basin (1)
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Gulf of Mexico
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Sigsbee Escarpment (1)
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-
Irish Sea (1)
-
North Sea (2)
-
Rockall Trough (1)
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-
-
Atlantic Ocean Islands
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Azores
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Sao Miguel Island
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Agua de Pau (1)
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-
-
Canary Islands
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Lanzarote (1)
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Cape Verde Islands (1)
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Shetland Islands (1)
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South Sandwich Islands (1)
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-
Australasia
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Australia
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Arunta Block (1)
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Lachlan fold belt (1)
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New South Wales Australia (2)
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Northern Territory Australia (1)
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South Australia
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Flinders Ranges (2)
-
Gawler Craton (3)
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Lake Frome (1)
-
Olympic Dam Deposit (4)
-
-
Tasmania Australia (1)
-
Victoria Australia (2)
-
Western Australia
-
Hamersley Basin (1)
-
-
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New Zealand
-
Canterbury New Zealand (1)
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Otago New Zealand
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Kakanui (1)
-
-
Southland New Zealand
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Fiordland (1)
-
-
Waikato River (1)
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Wairakei (1)
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-
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Bay of Islands (1)
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Broken Hill (1)
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Caledonides (4)
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Canada
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Eastern Canada
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Gander Zone (1)
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Maritime Provinces
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New Brunswick
-
Gloucester County New Brunswick (1)
-
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Nova Scotia
-
Cape Breton Island (2)
-
-
-
Meguma Terrane (3)
-
Newfoundland and Labrador
-
Newfoundland (2)
-
-
Ontario
-
Sudbury igneous complex (1)
-
Sudbury Ontario (1)
-
-
Quebec
-
Gaspe Peninsula (1)
-
Monteregian Hills (1)
-
Rouville County Quebec
-
Mont-Saint-Hilaire Quebec (4)
-
-
-
-
Mackenzie Mountains (1)
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Nunavut
-
Sverdrup Basin (2)
-
Sverdrup Islands
-
Axel Heiberg Island (1)
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-
-
Queen Elizabeth Islands
-
Sverdrup Basin (2)
-
Sverdrup Islands
-
Axel Heiberg Island (1)
-
-
-
Western Canada
-
Alberta
-
Athabasca Oil Sands (1)
-
-
Athabasca Basin (1)
-
British Columbia (5)
-
Canadian Cordillera (2)
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Manitoba
-
Tanco Pegmatite (1)
-
-
Northwest Territories
-
Yellowknife Northwest Territories (1)
-
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Saskatchewan (2)
-
Selwyn Basin (3)
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Yukon Territory (6)
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-
-
Cascade Range (4)
-
Central America
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Nicaragua (1)
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Panama (1)
-
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Central Cordillera (2)
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Central Graben (1)
-
Clear Creek (1)
-
Commonwealth of Independent States
-
Belarus (1)
-
Caucasus (1)
-
Kazakhstan
-
Kokchetav Kazakhstan
-
Kokchetav Massif (1)
-
-
-
Russian Federation
-
Altai Russian Federation
-
Gorny Altai (1)
-
-
Arkhangelsk Russian Federation
-
Nenets Russian Federation (1)
-
-
Baikal region (3)
-
Buryat Russian Federation (2)
-
Central Urals (3)
-
Chelyabinsk Russian Federation
-
Ilmen Mountains (2)
-
-
Irkutsk Russian Federation
-
Slyudyanka Russian Federation (1)
-
-
Kamchatka Russian Federation
-
Kamchatka Peninsula (3)
-
-
Khabarovsk Russian Federation (1)
-
Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation
-
Taymyr Dolgan-Nenets Russian Federation
-
Taymyr Peninsula (1)
-
-
-
Murmansk Russian Federation
-
Khibiny Mountains (5)
-
Kola Peninsula (8)
-
Kola Superdeep Borehole (1)
-
Lovozero Massif (4)
-
Monchegorsk Russian Federation (1)
-
Pechenga (1)
-
-
Northern Urals (1)
-
Orenburg Russian Federation (1)
-
Pechora Basin (1)
-
Russian Far East (3)
-
Russian Pacific region (2)
-
Siberian Platform
-
Aldan Shield (2)
-
-
Sverdlovsk Russian Federation (1)
-
Timan Ridge (1)
-
Transbaikalia (2)
-
Tuva Russian Federation (1)
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Western Transbaikalia (1)
-
Yakutia Russian Federation (3)
-
Zabaykalskiy Russian Federation (1)
-
-
Tajikistan (1)
-
Timan Ridge (1)
-
Turkmenia
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Karakum (1)
-
-
Urals
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Central Urals (3)
-
Northern Urals (1)
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Southern Urals
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Ilmen Mountains (2)
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-
-
Uzbekistan
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Almalyk Uzbekistan (1)
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Cook Inlet (1)
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East Pacific Ocean Islands
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Hawaii
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Hawaii County Hawaii
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Hawaii Island
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Halemaumau Crater (1)
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Kilauea (5)
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-
-
Honolulu County Hawaii
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Oahu (1)
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Maui County Hawaii
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Maui
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Haleakala (1)
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-
-
-
-
El Paso Mountains (1)
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Elba (5)
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Europe
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Alps
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Central Alps (1)
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Eastern Alps (2)
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Swiss Alps
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Eastern Swiss Alps (1)
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Southern Swiss Alps (1)
-
-
Western Alps (2)
-
-
Arkhangelsk Russian Federation
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Nenets Russian Federation (1)
-
-
Balkan Peninsula (1)
-
Baltic region
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Estonia (1)
-
-
Belarus (1)
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Carpathians
-
Bukk Mountains (1)
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Matra Mountains (1)
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Slovakian Carpathians (1)
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Tatra Mountains (1)
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Western Carpathians (1)
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-
Caucasus (1)
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Central Europe
-
Austria
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Lower Austria (2)
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Styria Austria (1)
-
-
Czech Republic
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Bohemia
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Prague Basin (1)
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Prague Czech Republic (2)
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Sokolov Basin (1)
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Moravia
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Svratka Dome (1)
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Erzgebirge (1)
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Fichtelgebirge (1)
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Germany
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Baden-Wurttemberg Germany
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Katzenbuckel (1)
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-
Bavaria Germany
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Hagendorf (4)
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Upper Palatinate (1)
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Eifel (1)
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Rhineland-Palatinate Germany (1)
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Saxony Germany
-
Schneeberg Germany (1)
-
-
-
Hungary
-
Bukk Mountains (1)
-
Eger Hungary (1)
-
Matra Mountains (1)
-
-
Poland
-
Dolnoslaskie Poland (1)
-
Lower Silesia (3)
-
Podlaskie Poland
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-
-
Slaskie Poland
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-
-
Sowie Mountains (1)
-
-
Slovakia
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Bratislava Slovakia (1)
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Slovakian Carpathians (1)
-
-
Sudeten Mountains
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Sowie Mountains (1)
-
-
Switzerland
-
Graubunden Switzerland (2)
-
Swiss Alps
-
Eastern Swiss Alps (1)
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Southern Swiss Alps (1)
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-
Valais Switzerland
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Binnental (1)
-
-
-
Tatra Mountains (1)
-
-
Fennoscandian Shield (2)
-
Jutland (1)
-
Murmansk Russian Federation
-
Khibiny Mountains (5)
-
Kola Peninsula (8)
-
Kola Superdeep Borehole (1)
-
Lovozero Massif (4)
-
Monchegorsk Russian Federation (1)
-
Pechenga (1)
-
-
Orenburg Russian Federation (1)
-
Pechora Basin (1)
-
Rhenish Schiefergebirge
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Eifel (1)
-
-
Southern Europe
-
Albania (2)
-
Bulgaria
-
Bulgarian Rhodope Mountains (1)
-
-
Greece
-
Greek Aegean Islands
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Chios (1)
-
Cyclades
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Syros (1)
-
-
Dodecanese (1)
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-
-
Iberian Peninsula
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Iberian Massif (2)
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Portugal (4)
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Spain
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Andalusia Spain
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Basque Provinces Spain
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Cantabrian Mountains (1)
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-
Catalonia Spain
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-
-
Catalonian Coastal Ranges (1)
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Galicia Spain (1)
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-
-
Italy
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Apennines
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Apuane Alps (4)
-
Northern Apennines (1)
-
-
Basilicata Italy
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Potenza Italy (3)
-
-
Emilia-Romagna Italy
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Bologna Italy (1)
-
-
Liguria Italy (2)
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Lombardy Italy
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-
Piemonte Italy (1)
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Sardinia Italy (1)
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Sicily Italy
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Mount Etna (1)
-
-
Trentino-Alto Adige Italy
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Trentino (2)
-
-
Tuscany Italy
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Apuane Alps (4)
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Livorno Italy (1)
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Lucca Italy (1)
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Monte Capanne (1)
-
-
Valle d'Aosta Italy (1)
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Veneto Italy
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Euganean Hills (1)
-
-
-
Rhodope Mountains
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Bulgarian Rhodope Mountains (1)
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Slovenia (2)
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Timan Ridge (1)
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Variscides (4)
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Western Europe
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France
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Ariege France (1)
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Brittany (1)
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Central Massif (2)
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Gironde France
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Limousin (1)
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Mont-Saint-Michel Bay (1)
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Ireland
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Galway Ireland
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Connemara (1)
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Limerick Ireland (1)
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-
Scandinavia
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Denmark
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Bornholm (1)
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Norway
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Oslo Norway (1)
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Vestfold Norway
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-
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Sweden
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Bergslagen (4)
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United Kingdom
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Great Britain
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England
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Cornwall England (2)
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Scotland
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Moine thrust zone (1)
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Grampian Highlands (1)
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Shetland Islands (1)
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-
Wales
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Welsh Basin (1)
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-
-
-
-
-
Green Canyon (1)
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Hikurangi Margin (1)
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Indian Ocean
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Arabian Sea
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Persian Gulf (1)
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Bay of Bengal (1)
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Red Sea
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Atlantis II Deep (1)
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West Indian Ocean (1)
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Indian Ocean Islands
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Madagascar (1)
-
-
International Ocean Discovery Program
-
Expedition 351
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IODP Site U1438 (1)
-
-
-
Lake District (1)
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Maritimes Basin (1)
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McArthur Basin (1)
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Mediterranean region
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Aegean Islands
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Greek Aegean Islands
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Chios (1)
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Cyclades
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Syros (1)
-
-
Dodecanese (1)
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-
-
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Mediterranean Sea (1)
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Mexico
-
Chihuahua Mexico (2)
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Trans-Mexican volcanic belt (1)
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Midland Valley (1)
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North America
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Appalachian Basin (1)
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Appalachians
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Southern Appalachians (1)
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Valley and Ridge Province (1)
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Basin and Range Province (2)
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Canadian Shield
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Churchill Province
-
Rae Province (1)
-
-
Grenville Province (1)
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Southern Province (1)
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Superior Province
-
Abitibi Belt (2)
-
Swayze greenstone belt (1)
-
-
-
Great Plains
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Southern Great Plains (1)
-
-
Lake Superior region (1)
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North American Cordillera
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Canadian Cordillera (2)
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Okanagan Valley (1)
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Pedregosa Basin (1)
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Rio Grande Rift (2)
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Rocky Mountains
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U. S. Rocky Mountains
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Sangre de Cristo Mountains (1)
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Shuswap Complex (1)
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Transcontinental Arch (1)
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Yukon-Tanana Terrane (3)
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North Island (2)
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Oceania
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Melanesia
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New Caledonia (1)
-
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Polynesia
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Hawaii
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Hawaii County Hawaii
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Hawaii Island
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Halemaumau Crater (1)
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Kilauea (5)
-
-
-
Honolulu County Hawaii
-
Oahu (1)
-
-
Maui County Hawaii
-
Maui
-
Haleakala (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Orcadian Basin (1)
-
Oslo Rift (1)
-
Pacific Ocean
-
East Pacific
-
Northeast Pacific
-
Cascadia Basin (1)
-
Gulf of California (1)
-
Hess Deep (1)
-
-
-
North Pacific
-
Northeast Pacific
-
Cascadia Basin (1)
-
Gulf of California (1)
-
Hess Deep (1)
-
-
Northwest Pacific
-
Izu-Bonin Arc (2)
-
South China Sea (1)
-
-
-
South Pacific
-
Havre Trough (1)
-
Southwest Pacific
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Lord Howe Rise (1)
-
-
-
West Pacific
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Izu-Bonin Arc (2)
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-
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Southwest Pacific
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Lord Howe Rise (1)
-
-
-
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Permian Basin (1)
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Philip Island (1)
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Puna (1)
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South America
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Andes
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Argentina
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Brazil
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Para Brazil (1)
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Chile
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-
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South Island (5)
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United States
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Alabama (3)
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Arizona
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Honolulu County Hawaii
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Montana
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-
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New York
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Oklahoma
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Oregon
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Southwestern U.S. (1)
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Texas
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U. S. Rocky Mountains
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Utah
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-
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Vulture Mountain (5)
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commodities
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mineral deposits, genesis (39)
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-
-
elements, isotopes
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boron
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B-11/B-10 (1)
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carbon
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C-13/C-12 (24)
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C-14 (2)
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organic carbon (3)
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chemical elements (1)
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chemical ratios (7)
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halogens
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bromine (1)
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chlorine
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Cl-37/Cl-35 (1)
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fluorine (8)
-
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hydrogen
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D/H (4)
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deuterium (3)
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tritium (1)
-
-
isotope ratios (90)
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isotopes
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radioactive isotopes
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Al-26 (1)
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Be-10 (1)
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Be-10/Be-9 (1)
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C-14 (2)
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (3)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (3)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (2)
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Pu-238 (1)
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Rb-87/Sr-86 (1)
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Re-187/Os-188 (1)
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Sm-147/Nd-144 (6)
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Th-232 (1)
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tritium (1)
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U-238 (1)
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U-238/U-234 (2)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
Al-27 (6)
-
Ar-36 (1)
-
Ar-40 (1)
-
B-11/B-10 (1)
-
Be-10/Be-9 (1)
-
C-13/C-12 (24)
-
Cl-37/Cl-35 (1)
-
D/H (4)
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deuterium (3)
-
Fe-56/Fe-54 (2)
-
Fe-57 (11)
-
Fe-57/Fe-54 (1)
-
He-3 (1)
-
He-4 (1)
-
He-4/He-3 (2)
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (15)
-
Kr-84 (1)
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Li-7 (1)
-
Li-7/Li-6 (1)
-
Mg-25/Mg-24 (1)
-
Mg-26/Mg-24 (1)
-
N-15/N-14 (5)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (18)
-
Ne-21 (1)
-
Ne-22/Ne-20 (1)
-
O-17 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (24)
-
Os-188/Os-187 (2)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (3)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (3)
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (4)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (2)
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
Re-187/Os-188 (1)
-
S-33/S-32 (1)
-
S-34/S-32 (10)
-
Si-29 (5)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (6)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (15)
-
-
-
Lu/Hf (13)
-
metals
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actinides
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californium (1)
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plutonium
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Pu-238 (1)
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thorium
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Th-232 (1)
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uranium
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U-238 (1)
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U-238/U-234 (2)
-
-
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alkali metals
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cesium (4)
-
lithium
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Li-7 (1)
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Li-7/Li-6 (1)
-
-
potassium (6)
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rubidium
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Rb-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
-
sodium (10)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
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barium
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Ba/Ca (1)
-
-
beryllium
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Be-10 (1)
-
Be-10/Be-9 (1)
-
-
calcium
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Ba/Ca (1)
-
Sr/Ca (2)
-
-
magnesium
-
Mg-25/Mg-24 (1)
-
Mg-26/Mg-24 (1)
-
-
strontium
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
Sr/Ca (2)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (15)
-
-
-
aluminum
-
Al-26 (1)
-
Al-27 (6)
-
-
antimony (4)
-
arsenic (11)
-
cadmium (2)
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chromium (6)
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cobalt (3)
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copper (3)
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gallium (2)
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germanium (1)
-
gold (4)
-
hafnium
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (15)
-
-
indium (1)
-
iron
-
Fe-56/Fe-54 (2)
-
Fe-57 (11)
-
Fe-57/Fe-54 (1)
-
ferric iron (121)
-
ferrous iron (78)
-
-
lead
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (3)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (3)
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (4)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (2)
-
-
manganese (14)
-
molybdenum (1)
-
nickel (4)
-
niobium (4)
-
platinum group
-
osmium
-
Os-188/Os-187 (2)
-
Re-187/Os-188 (1)
-
-
palladium (2)
-
palladium ores (2)
-
platinum (1)
-
platinum ores (5)
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rhodium (1)
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ruthenium (1)
-
-
precious metals (1)
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rare earths
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cerium (5)
-
europium (1)
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gadolinium (1)
-
lutetium (1)
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (18)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (6)
-
-
praseodymium (1)
-
samarium
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (6)
-
-
scandium (3)
-
ytterbium (1)
-
yttrium (4)
-
-
rhenium
-
Re-187/Os-188 (1)
-
-
silver (3)
-
tantalum (2)
-
tin (2)
-
titanium (23)
-
tungsten (4)
-
vanadium (12)
-
zinc (7)
-
zirconium (2)
-
-
nitrogen
-
N-15/N-14 (5)
-
-
noble gases
-
argon
-
Ar-36 (1)
-
Ar-40 (1)
-
-
helium
-
He-3 (1)
-
He-4 (1)
-
He-4/He-3 (2)
-
-
krypton
-
Kr-84 (1)
-
-
neon
-
Ne-21 (1)
-
Ne-22/Ne-20 (1)
-
-
-
oxygen
-
O-17 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (24)
-
-
phosphorus (2)
-
selenium (1)
-
silicon
-
Si-29 (5)
-
-
sulfur
-
S-33/S-32 (1)
-
S-34/S-32 (10)
-
-
tellurium (2)
-
trace metals (5)
-
-
fossils
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Archaea (1)
-
bacteria
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Shewanella (1)
-
-
Chordata
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Vertebrata
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Pisces
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Osteichthyes
-
Actinopterygii
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Teleostei
-
Perciformes (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Tetrapoda
-
Aves (1)
-
-
-
-
coprolites (1)
-
cyanobacteria (1)
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ichnofossils (1)
-
Invertebrata
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Arthropoda
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Chelicerata (1)
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Mandibulata
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Crustacea (1)
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Insecta (2)
-
-
-
Brachiopoda
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Articulata
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Terebratulida (1)
-
-
-
Bryozoa (1)
-
Echinodermata
-
Crinozoa
-
Crinoidea (1)
-
-
-
Mollusca
-
Bivalvia (1)
-
Gastropoda
-
Mesogastropoda
-
Cerithiidae (1)
-
-
-
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera
-
Fusulinina
-
Fusulinidae (1)
-
-
-
Radiolaria (1)
-
-
-
microfossils
-
Conodonta
-
Ozarkodina (1)
-
Panderodus (1)
-
-
Fusulinina
-
Fusulinidae (1)
-
-
-
palynomorphs
-
acritarchs (1)
-
miospores
-
pollen (2)
-
-
-
Plantae
-
algae
-
Chlorophyta (1)
-
diatoms (1)
-
nannofossils (1)
-
-
Pteridophyta
-
Filicopsida
-
Archaeopteris (1)
-
-
Lycopsida (1)
-
-
Spermatophyta
-
Angiospermae (1)
-
Gymnospermae (2)
-
-
-
-
geochronology methods
-
(U-Th)/He (11)
-
Ar/Ar (12)
-
fission-track dating (9)
-
He/He (1)
-
Lu/Hf (13)
-
optically stimulated luminescence (1)
-
paleomagnetism (11)
-
Pb/Pb (2)
-
Pb/Th (1)
-
radiation damage (2)
-
Rb/Sr (5)
-
Sm/Nd (6)
-
Th/U (2)
-
thermochronology (12)
-
U/Pb (96)
-
U/Th/Pb (5)
-
-
geologic age
-
Cenozoic
-
Agbada Formation (1)
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Bronze Age (1)
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene
-
lower Holocene (1)
-
upper Holocene
-
Roman period (1)
-
-
-
Pleistocene
-
Bandelier Tuff (1)
-
Blackwater Draw Formation (1)
-
lower Pleistocene
-
Gelasian (1)
-
-
middle Pleistocene (1)
-
upper Pleistocene
-
Weichselian
-
upper Weichselian
-
Younger Dryas (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tertiary
-
Challis Volcanics (2)
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
Columbia River Basalt Group (1)
-
lower Miocene
-
Burdigalian (1)
-
-
middle Miocene (1)
-
Peach Springs Tuff (1)
-
Saddle Mountains Basalt (1)
-
upper Miocene
-
Messinian
-
Messinian Salinity Crisis (1)
-
-
-
Yakima Basalt (1)
-
-
Pliocene
-
Cimmerian (1)
-
lower Pliocene (1)
-
upper Pliocene (1)
-
-
Ringold Formation (1)
-
upper Neogene (1)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
Chuckanut Formation (1)
-
middle Eocene
-
Lutetian (1)
-
-
upper Eocene (1)
-
-
lower Paleogene (1)
-
Oligocene
-
lower Oligocene
-
Rupelian (1)
-
-
-
Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene (1)
-
upper Paleocene
-
Thanetian (1)
-
-
-
Renova Formation (1)
-
Tyonek Formation (1)
-
-
-
-
Dalradian (2)
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Albian (1)
-
Aptian (1)
-
Isachsen Formation (1)
-
McMurray Formation (1)
-
-
Middle Cretaceous (1)
-
Mishash Formation (1)
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Bagh Beds (1)
-
Campanian (1)
-
Cenomanian (2)
-
Ghareb Formation (1)
-
La Luna Formation (1)
-
Menuha Formation (1)
-
Mesaverde Group (1)
-
Turonian (1)
-
-
-
Jurassic
-
Lathi Formation (1)
-
Lower Jurassic (1)
-
Middle Jurassic
-
Callovian (1)
-
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Kimmeridgian (1)
-
Oxfordian (1)
-
-
-
lower Mesozoic (4)
-
Triassic
-
Lower Triassic (2)
-
Middle Triassic
-
Ladinian (1)
-
-
Mole Granite (2)
-
Upper Triassic (2)
-
-
-
Moldanubian (5)
-
Paleozoic
-
Berea Sandstone (1)
-
Cambrian
-
Brigham Group (1)
-
Lower Cambrian
-
Chilhowee Group (1)
-
-
Middle Cambrian
-
Burgess Shale (1)
-
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Lower Carboniferous (2)
-
Mississippian
-
Lower Mississippian
-
Tournaisian (1)
-
-
Upper Mississippian
-
Hartselle Sandstone (2)
-
Serpukhovian (1)
-
-
-
Pennsylvanian
-
Lower Pennsylvanian
-
Bashkirian (1)
-
-
Middle Pennsylvanian
-
Moscovian (1)
-
-
Pottsville Group (1)
-
Upper Pennsylvanian
-
Gzhelian (1)
-
-
-
Springer Formation (1)
-
-
Casco Bay Group (1)
-
Devonian
-
Heemskirk Granite (1)
-
Lower Devonian (5)
-
Middle Devonian
-
Marcellus Shale (1)
-
-
Old Red Sandstone (1)
-
Popovich Formation (1)
-
Upper Devonian
-
Canadaway Group (1)
-
Frasnian (1)
-
Kellwasser event (1)
-
-
-
Hunton Group (1)
-
lower Paleozoic (3)
-
middle Paleozoic (1)
-
Ordovician
-
Lower Ordovician (1)
-
Lushs Bight Group (1)
-
Middle Ordovician
-
Black River Group (1)
-
Dapingian (1)
-
-
Skiddaw Slates (1)
-
Trenton Group (1)
-
-
Permian
-
Buckley Formation (1)
-
Guadalupian (1)
-
Middle Permian (2)
-
Upper Permian (1)
-
-
Rangeley Formation (1)
-
Silurian
-
Lower Silurian (1)
-
Upper Silurian (3)
-
-
Taiyuan Formation (1)
-
upper Paleozoic (7)
-
Woodford Shale (5)
-
-
Phanerozoic (1)
-
Precambrian
-
Archean
-
Neoarchean (4)
-
-
Brockman Iron Formation (1)
-
Johnnie Formation (1)
-
Kingston Peak Formation (1)
-
Nipissing Diabase (1)
-
North Shore Volcanics (1)
-
Osler Series (1)
-
Transvaal Supergroup (1)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Keweenawan
-
Portage Lake Lava Series (1)
-
-
Mesoproterozoic
-
Stenian (1)
-
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Dengying Formation (1)
-
Ediacaran (4)
-
Riphean (1)
-
Tonian (3)
-
-
Oronto Group (1)
-
Paleoproterozoic
-
Birimian (2)
-
-
Pocatello Formation (1)
-
Sinian
-
Dengying Formation (1)
-
-
-
-
Ventersdorp Supergroup (1)
-
Witwatersrand Supergroup (2)
-
-
-
igneous rocks
-
igneous rocks
-
carbonatites (3)
-
feldspathoid rocks (5)
-
hypabyssal rocks (1)
-
kamafugite (2)
-
kimberlite (2)
-
picrite (1)
-
plutonic rocks
-
anorthosite (2)
-
diabase (1)
-
diorites
-
quartz diorites (2)
-
tonalite (2)
-
-
gabbros
-
norite (1)
-
troctolite (1)
-
-
granites
-
alkali granites (4)
-
A-type granites (2)
-
granite porphyry (2)
-
granosyenite (1)
-
I-type granites (1)
-
leucogranite (4)
-
monzogranite (2)
-
-
granodiorites (2)
-
ijolite (1)
-
lamproite (1)
-
lamprophyres
-
minette (1)
-
-
monzonites (1)
-
pegmatite (54)
-
quartz monzonite (1)
-
syenites
-
alkali syenites (2)
-
granosyenite (1)
-
nepheline syenite
-
agpaite (1)
-
kakortokite (1)
-
-
quartz syenite (1)
-
syenite porphyry (1)
-
-
ultramafics
-
chromitite (2)
-
peridotites
-
dunite (3)
-
garnet peridotite (1)
-
harzburgite (3)
-
lherzolite (2)
-
spinel lherzolite (1)
-
spinel peridotite (2)
-
-
pyroxenite
-
clinopyroxenite (2)
-
-
-
-
porphyry (3)
-
volcanic rocks
-
adakites (1)
-
andesites
-
boninite (2)
-
-
basalts
-
alkali basalts (1)
-
mid-ocean ridge basalts (4)
-
ocean-island basalts (5)
-
olivine basalt (1)
-
tholeiite (1)
-
-
dacites (3)
-
glasses
-
volcanic glass (1)
-
-
komatiite (1)
-
melilitite (1)
-
nephelinite (1)
-
phonolites (2)
-
pyroclastics
-
ignimbrite (5)
-
tuff (6)
-
-
rhyodacites (1)
-
rhyolites (4)
-
trachyandesites (1)
-
trachytes (3)
-
-
-
ophiolite (9)
-
volcanic ash (1)
-
wehrlite (2)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metamorphic rocks
-
amphibolites (6)
-
eclogite (9)
-
gneisses
-
biotite gneiss (1)
-
granite gneiss (1)
-
orthogneiss (4)
-
paragneiss (2)
-
-
gondite (1)
-
granulites
-
pyroxene granulite (1)
-
-
marbles (4)
-
metaigneous rocks
-
metabasalt (1)
-
metadiorite (1)
-
metagabbro (1)
-
metagranite (1)
-
metaperidotite (1)
-
serpentinite (2)
-
-
metasedimentary rocks
-
metapelite (10)
-
paragneiss (2)
-
-
metasomatic rocks
-
greisen (2)
-
propylite (1)
-
serpentinite (2)
-
skarn (13)
-
-
metavolcanic rocks (1)
-
migmatites
-
anatexite (1)
-
-
mylonites (2)
-
quartzites (1)
-
schists
-
black schists (1)
-
blueschist (1)
-
muscovite schist (1)
-
-
slates (2)
-
-
ophiolite (9)
-
turbidite (2)
-
-
meteorites
-
meteorites
-
iron meteorites
-
octahedrite
-
Sikhote-Alin Meteorite (2)
-
-
-
stony meteorites
-
achondrites
-
Martian meteorites
-
SNC Meteorites
-
chassignite (1)
-
nakhlite (1)
-
shergottite (2)
-
-
-
-
chondrites
-
carbonaceous chondrites
-
CM chondrites (1)
-
-
ordinary chondrites
-
H chondrites (1)
-
L chondrites
-
Tsarev Meteorite (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Yamato Meteorites (1)
-
-
-
minerals
-
alloys
-
carbides (2)
-
kamacite (1)
-
phosphides
-
schreibersite (1)
-
-
taenite (1)
-
-
antimonides (1)
-
arsenates
-
mimetite (2)
-
-
arsenides
-
arsenopyrite (3)
-
lollingite (2)
-
-
arsenites (3)
-
borates
-
vonsenite (1)
-
-
carbonates
-
ankerite (1)
-
bastnaesite (1)
-
calcite (7)
-
cancrinite (1)
-
dolomite (2)
-
hydrotalcite (3)
-
pyroaurite (1)
-
siderite (4)
-
sjogrenite (1)
-
-
halides
-
chlorides
-
eudialyte (3)
-
mimetite (2)
-
pyromorphite (1)
-
-
fluorides
-
bastnaesite (1)
-
cryolite (1)
-
topaz (1)
-
triplite (1)
-
villiaumite (1)
-
-
-
hydrates (2)
-
iron minerals (3)
-
manganese minerals (2)
-
minerals (14)
-
native elements
-
diamond
-
microdiamond (1)
-
-
graphite (2)
-
-
nitrates (2)
-
organic minerals
-
amber (1)
-
urea (1)
-
-
oxides
-
akaganeite (5)
-
aluminum oxides (2)
-
anatase (2)
-
baddeleyite (2)
-
birnessite (1)
-
brucite (2)
-
buserite (1)
-
cassiterite (2)
-
chrome spinel (5)
-
chromite (5)
-
corundum (3)
-
diaspore (1)
-
ferrihydrite (13)
-
ferropericlase (7)
-
franklinite (1)
-
gahnite (4)
-
gibbsite (2)
-
goethite (21)
-
hematite (24)
-
hercynite (2)
-
hibonite (1)
-
hydroxides
-
aluminum hydroxides (3)
-
iron hydroxides (8)
-
oxyhydroxides (5)
-
-
ilmenite (9)
-
iron oxides (37)
-
jacobsite (1)
-
lepidocrocite (5)
-
limonite (1)
-
maghemite (6)
-
magnesioferrite (1)
-
magnesium oxides (2)
-
magnetite (22)
-
manganese oxides (2)
-
niobates
-
aeschynite (1)
-
columbite (3)
-
euxenite (2)
-
pyrochlore (3)
-
-
periclase (5)
-
perovskite (8)
-
portlandite (1)
-
pyrophanite (1)
-
rancieite (1)
-
rutile (5)
-
spinel (14)
-
spinel group (7)
-
tantalates
-
euxenite (2)
-
stibiotantalite (1)
-
tantalite (1)
-
-
titanium oxides (3)
-
titanomaghemite (2)
-
titanomagnetite (3)
-
todorokite (1)
-
trevorite (1)
-
ulvospinel (3)
-
wustite (4)
-
zincite (1)
-
-
phosphates
-
amblygonite (1)
-
apatite (26)
-
barbosalite (1)
-
britholite (1)
-
crandallite (1)
-
eosphorite (2)
-
fluorapatite (3)
-
graftonite (3)
-
hureaulite (2)
-
lazulite (2)
-
lithiophilite (3)
-
monazite (16)
-
montebrasite (2)
-
pyromorphite (1)
-
rockbridgeite (5)
-
sarcopside (2)
-
strengite (1)
-
triphylite (5)
-
triplite (1)
-
turquoise (2)
-
vivianite (2)
-
xenotime (6)
-
-
platinum minerals (1)
-
selenides (1)
-
selenites (1)
-
silicates
-
aluminosilicates (3)
-
asbestos (6)
-
borosilicates (7)
-
chain silicates
-
aenigmatite group
-
aenigmatite (2)
-
rhonite (1)
-
sapphirine (3)
-
-
amphibole group
-
alkalic amphibole (1)
-
clinoamphibole
-
actinolite (4)
-
arfvedsonite (4)
-
cummingtonite (2)
-
edenite (2)
-
hastingsite (5)
-
hornblende (4)
-
kaersutite (4)
-
pargasite (4)
-
richterite (7)
-
riebeckite (6)
-
tremolite (8)
-
tschermakite (1)
-
-
orthoamphibole
-
anthophyllite (1)
-
gedrite (2)
-
holmquistite (3)
-
-
-
astrophyllite (7)
-
bavenite (1)
-
carpholite (1)
-
jade (1)
-
prehnite (1)
-
pyroxene group
-
clinopyroxene
-
aegirine (7)
-
augite (3)
-
diopside (9)
-
hedenbergite (7)
-
omphacite (3)
-
pigeonite (3)
-
spodumene (2)
-
-
orthopyroxene
-
enstatite (10)
-
ferrosilite (3)
-
-
-
rhodonite group
-
babingtonite (1)
-
rhodonite (3)
-
-
wollastonite group
-
pectolite (4)
-
-
-
framework silicates
-
cancrinite (1)
-
danburite (1)
-
feldspar group
-
alkali feldspar
-
hyalophane (1)
-
K-feldspar (1)
-
microcline (1)
-
sanidine (3)
-
-
barium feldspar
-
hyalophane (1)
-
-
plagioclase
-
albite (4)
-
anorthite (1)
-
-
-
leucite (1)
-
myrmekite (1)
-
nepheline group
-
kalsilite (1)
-
nepheline (4)
-
-
scapolite group
-
scapolite (1)
-
-
silica minerals
-
agate (2)
-
chalcedony (1)
-
cristobalite (1)
-
opal (3)
-
quartz
-
smoky quartz (1)
-
-
stishovite (2)
-
tridymite (1)
-
-
sodalite group
-
genthelvite (1)
-
hauyne (1)
-
sodalite (1)
-
-
zeolite group
-
erionite (2)
-
-
-
magnesian silicates (4)
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
andalusite (3)
-
britholite group
-
britholite (1)
-
-
chloritoid (1)
-
datolite group
-
gadolinite (2)
-
-
garnet group
-
almandine (5)
-
andradite (6)
-
grossular (3)
-
majorite (3)
-
melanite (1)
-
pyrope (4)
-
schorlomite (1)
-
spessartine (4)
-
uvarovite (1)
-
-
kyanite (2)
-
larnite (1)
-
merwinite (1)
-
mullite (3)
-
olivine group
-
fayalite (6)
-
forsterite (4)
-
monticellite (1)
-
olivine (24)
-
ringwoodite (4)
-
tephroite (1)
-
wadsleyite (4)
-
-
phenakite group
-
phenakite (1)
-
willemite (2)
-
-
sillimanite (3)
-
staurolite (2)
-
titanite group
-
titanite (15)
-
-
topaz (1)
-
zircon group
-
coffinite (1)
-
zircon (79)
-
-
-
sorosilicates
-
axinite group (3)
-
chevkinite group
-
chevkinite (2)
-
-
epidote group
-
allanite (13)
-
epidote (10)
-
piemontite (2)
-
tanzanite (1)
-
zoisite (3)
-
-
hemimorphite (1)
-
ilvaite (1)
-
melilite group
-
akermanite (2)
-
gehlenite (1)
-
melilite (2)
-
-
pumpellyite group
-
julgoldite (3)
-
pumpellyite (1)
-
-
thalenite (2)
-
vesuvianite (1)
-
-
-
ring silicates
-
aquamarine (1)
-
beryl (12)
-
cordierite (3)
-
eudialyte (3)
-
tourmaline group
-
dravite (16)
-
elbaite (9)
-
foitite (4)
-
schorl (20)
-
uvite (3)
-
-
-
sheet silicates
-
chlorite group
-
chamosite (2)
-
chlorite (10)
-
clinochlore (3)
-
sudoite (1)
-
-
clay minerals
-
allophane (3)
-
beidellite (4)
-
dickite (1)
-
halloysite (2)
-
hectorite (1)
-
imogolite (1)
-
kaolinite (15)
-
montmorillonite (20)
-
nontronite (11)
-
saponite (4)
-
smectite (36)
-
vermiculite (10)
-
-
clintonite (1)
-
illite (9)
-
margarite (1)
-
mica group
-
annite (9)
-
biotite (20)
-
celadonite (3)
-
fluor-phlogopite (1)
-
glauconite (8)
-
lepidolite (2)
-
muscovite (11)
-
phlogopite (13)
-
polylithionite (2)
-
-
palygorskite (2)
-
sepiolite (1)
-
sericite (1)
-
serpentine group
-
antigorite (5)
-
berthierine (3)
-
chrysotile (3)
-
cronstedtite (3)
-
lizardite (1)
-
serpentine (6)
-
-
stilpnomelane (1)
-
talc (3)
-
-
-
sulfates
-
alum (2)
-
alunite (3)
-
anhydrite (1)
-
barite (2)
-
copiapite (3)
-
coquimbite (3)
-
epsomite (1)
-
gypsum (2)
-
hexahydrite (1)
-
jarosite (11)
-
melanterite (1)
-
natroalunite (2)
-
pickeringite (1)
-
roemerite (3)
-
schwertmannite (3)
-
voltaite (3)
-
-
sulfides
-
arsenopyrite (3)
-
chalcopyrite (7)
-
copper sulfides (3)
-
covellite (1)
-
cubanite (3)
-
digenite (1)
-
galena (1)
-
genthelvite (1)
-
iron sulfides (1)
-
mackinawite (1)
-
marcasite (2)
-
molybdenite (2)
-
nickel sulfides (1)
-
oldhamite (1)
-
pentlandite (2)
-
pyrite (19)
-
pyrrhotite (4)
-
sphalerite (6)
-
sternbergite (1)
-
stibnite (2)
-
troilite (2)
-
wurtzite (1)
-
zinc sulfides (1)
-
-
sulfosalts
-
sulfantimonites
-
bournonite (1)
-
stephanite (1)
-
tetrahedrite (1)
-
-
sulfarsenites
-
tennantite (1)
-
-
-
tellurides (1)
-
tellurites (1)
-
tungstates
-
scheelite (1)
-
-
vanadates
-
carnotite (1)
-
descloizite (1)
-
-
wehrlite (2)
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (103)
-
Africa
-
Cape Verde Islands (1)
-
Central Africa
-
Angola (1)
-
Congo (1)
-
Congo Democratic Republic
-
Shaba Congo Democratic Republic (1)
-
-
Rwanda (3)
-
-
Congo Craton (1)
-
East Africa
-
Djibouti (1)
-
Ethiopia (1)
-
Kenya (1)
-
Malawi (2)
-
Tanzania (2)
-
Uganda (1)
-
Zambia (1)
-
-
East African Rift (1)
-
Gregory Rift (1)
-
Kalahari Desert (1)
-
Limpopo Belt (1)
-
Madagascar (1)
-
North Africa
-
Egypt
-
Cairo Egypt (1)
-
-
Morocco
-
Bou Azzer (1)
-
Rif
-
Beni Bouchera (1)
-
-
-
-
Southern Africa
-
Barberton greenstone belt (1)
-
Botswana (1)
-
Kaapvaal Craton (1)
-
Kalahari Craton (2)
-
Lesotho (1)
-
Namaqualand (1)
-
Namibia (4)
-
South Africa
-
Bushveld Complex (1)
-
Free State South Africa (2)
-
KwaZulu-Natal South Africa (2)
-
Limpopo South Africa (1)
-
Merensky Reef (1)
-
Mpumalanga South Africa (1)
-
Northern Cape Province South Africa (1)
-
Witwatersrand (2)
-
-
-
West Africa
-
Cameroon (1)
-
Ivory Coast (1)
-
Mali (2)
-
Nigeria
-
Niger Delta (1)
-
-
-
-
Antarctica
-
Ellsworth Land
-
Ellsworth Mountains (1)
-
-
Enderby Land (1)
-
Larsemann Hills (1)
-
Transantarctic Mountains
-
Horlick Mountains
-
Ohio Range (1)
-
-
Pensacola Mountains (1)
-
-
-
Arctic Ocean
-
Alpha Cordillera (1)
-
Nares Strait (1)
-
-
Arctic region
-
Greenland
-
East Greenland (1)
-
Fiskenaesset Greenland (1)
-
Ilimaussaq (1)
-
West Greenland (1)
-
-
Svalbard
-
Spitsbergen (1)
-
-
-
Asia
-
Altai Mountains
-
Gorny Altai (1)
-
-
Altai Russian Federation
-
Gorny Altai (1)
-
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Rub' al Khali (1)
-
Saudi Arabia (1)
-
United Arab Emirates (1)
-
-
Baikal region (3)
-
Buryat Russian Federation (2)
-
Central Asia
-
Kazakhstan
-
Kokchetav Kazakhstan
-
Kokchetav Massif (1)
-
-
-
-
Far East
-
Burma
-
Shan State Burma (1)
-
-
China
-
Anhui China (1)
-
Dabie Mountains (3)
-
Gansu China (1)
-
Guangdong China (1)
-
Hunan China (1)
-
Inner Mongolia China (1)
-
Jiangsu China (1)
-
Nanling (1)
-
North China Platform (5)
-
Qilian Mountains (1)
-
Qinghai China (1)
-
Sanjiang (1)
-
Shandong China
-
Shandong Peninsula (1)
-
-
Shanxi China (2)
-
Sichuan Basin (2)
-
Sichuan China (2)
-
South China Block (2)
-
Xinjiang China
-
Junggar (2)
-
Junggar Basin (1)
-
Tarim Basin (2)
-
-
Xizang China
-
Gangdese Belt (1)
-
Lhasa Block (2)
-
-
Yangtze River (2)
-
Yangtze River valley (1)
-
Yunnan China
-
Ailao Shan (1)
-
-
Zhejiang China (1)
-
-
Indonesia
-
Celebes (1)
-
-
Japan
-
Chichibu Belt (1)
-
Hokkaido (1)
-
Honshu
-
Fukushima Japan (1)
-
Hida metamorphic belt (1)
-
-
Kyushu
-
Nagasaki Japan
-
Goto Islands (1)
-
-
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Callovian (1)
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Upper Jurassic
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Kimmeridgian (1)
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Oxfordian (1)
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lower Mesozoic (4)
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Triassic
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Lower Triassic (2)
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Middle Triassic
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Ladinian (1)
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Mole Granite (2)
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Upper Triassic (2)
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metal ores
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antimony ores (1)
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base metals (2)
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chromite ores (1)
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copper ores (30)
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gold ores (32)
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IOCG deposits (1)
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lead ores (8)
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lead-zinc deposits (5)
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lithium ores (1)
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manganese ores (3)
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molybdenum ores (10)
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nickel ores (4)
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niobium ores (3)
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palladium ores (2)
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platinum ores (5)
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polymetallic ores (5)
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pyrite ores (1)
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rare earth deposits (8)
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silver ores (6)
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tantalum ores (1)
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thorium ores (1)
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tin ores (5)
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tungsten ores (2)
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uranium ores (6)
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zinc ores (11)
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zirconium ores (1)
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metals
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actinides
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californium (1)
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plutonium
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Pu-238 (1)
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thorium
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Th-232 (1)
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uranium
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U-238 (1)
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U-238/U-234 (2)
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-
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alkali metals
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cesium (4)
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lithium
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Li-7 (1)
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Li-7/Li-6 (1)
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potassium (6)
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rubidium
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Rb-87/Sr-86 (1)
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sodium (10)
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alkaline earth metals
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barium
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Ba/Ca (1)
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beryllium
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Be-10 (1)
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Be-10/Be-9 (1)
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calcium
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Ba/Ca (1)
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Sr/Ca (2)
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magnesium
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Mg-25/Mg-24 (1)
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Mg-26/Mg-24 (1)
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strontium
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Rb-87/Sr-86 (1)
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Sr/Ca (2)
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (15)
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-
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aluminum
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Al-26 (1)
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Al-27 (6)
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antimony (4)
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arsenic (11)
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cadmium (2)
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chromium (6)
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cobalt (3)
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copper (3)
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gallium (2)
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germanium (1)
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gold (4)
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hafnium
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Hf-177/Hf-176 (15)
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indium (1)
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iron
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Fe-56/Fe-54 (2)
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Fe-57 (11)
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Fe-57/Fe-54 (1)
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ferric iron (121)
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ferrous iron (78)
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lead
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (3)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (3)
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Pb-207/Pb-206 (4)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (2)
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manganese (14)
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molybdenum (1)
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nickel (4)
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niobium (4)
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platinum group
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osmium
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Os-188/Os-187 (2)
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Re-187/Os-188 (1)
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palladium (2)
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palladium ores (2)
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platinum (1)
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platinum ores (5)
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rhodium (1)
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ruthenium (1)
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precious metals (1)
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rare earths
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cerium (5)
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europium (1)
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gadolinium (1)
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lutetium (1)
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neodymium
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (18)
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Sm-147/Nd-144 (6)
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praseodymium (1)
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samarium
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Sm-147/Nd-144 (6)
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scandium (3)
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ytterbium (1)
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yttrium (4)
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rhenium
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Re-187/Os-188 (1)
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silver (3)
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tantalum (2)
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tin (2)
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titanium (23)
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tungsten (4)
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vanadium (12)
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zinc (7)
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zirconium (2)
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metamorphic rocks
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amphibolites (6)
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eclogite (9)
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gneisses
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biotite gneiss (1)
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granite gneiss (1)
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orthogneiss (4)
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paragneiss (2)
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gondite (1)
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granulites
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pyroxene granulite (1)
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marbles (4)
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metaigneous rocks
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metabasalt (1)
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metadiorite (1)
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metagabbro (1)
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metagranite (1)
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metaperidotite (1)
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serpentinite (2)
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metasedimentary rocks
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metapelite (10)
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paragneiss (2)
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metasomatic rocks
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greisen (2)
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propylite (1)
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serpentinite (2)
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skarn (13)
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metavolcanic rocks (1)
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migmatites
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anatexite (1)
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mylonites (2)
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quartzites (1)
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schists
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black schists (1)
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blueschist (1)
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muscovite schist (1)
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slates (2)
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metamorphism (40)
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metasomatism (38)
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meteorites
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iron meteorites
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octahedrite
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Sikhote-Alin Meteorite (2)
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stony meteorites
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achondrites
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Martian meteorites
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SNC Meteorites
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chassignite (1)
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nakhlite (1)
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shergottite (2)
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-
-
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chondrites
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carbonaceous chondrites
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CM chondrites (1)
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ordinary chondrites
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H chondrites (1)
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L chondrites
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Tsarev Meteorite (1)
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-
-
-
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Yamato Meteorites (1)
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meteorology (1)
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Mexico
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Chihuahua Mexico (2)
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Oaxaca Mexico (1)
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San Luis Potosi Mexico (1)
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Trans-Mexican volcanic belt (1)
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mineral deposits, genesis (39)
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mineral exploration (14)
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mineral resources (1)
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minerals (14)
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Moon (4)
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nitrogen
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N-15/N-14 (5)
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noble gases
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argon
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Ar-36 (1)
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Ar-40 (1)
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helium
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He-3 (1)
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He-4 (1)
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He-4/He-3 (2)
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krypton
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Kr-84 (1)
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neon
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Ne-21 (1)
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Ne-22/Ne-20 (1)
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-
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nodules (1)
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nonmetal deposits (3)
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North America
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Appalachian Basin (1)
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Appalachians
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Hudson Highlands (1)
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Northern Appalachians (3)
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Southern Appalachians (1)
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Valley and Ridge Province (1)
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Basin and Range Province (2)
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Canadian Shield
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Churchill Province
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Rae Province (1)
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Grenville Province (1)
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Southern Province (1)
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Superior Province
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Abitibi Belt (2)
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Swayze greenstone belt (1)
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Great Plains
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Southern Great Plains (1)
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Lake Superior region (1)
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North American Cordillera
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Canadian Cordillera (2)
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Okanagan Valley (1)
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Pedregosa Basin (1)
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Rio Grande Rift (2)
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Rocky Mountains
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U. S. Rocky Mountains
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Shuswap Complex (1)
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Transcontinental Arch (1)
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Yukon-Tanana Terrane (3)
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ocean basins (1)
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ocean floors (5)
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Oceania
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Melanesia
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New Caledonia (1)
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Polynesia
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Hawaii
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Hawaii County Hawaii
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Hawaii Island
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Kilauea (5)
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Honolulu County Hawaii
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Oahu (1)
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Maui County Hawaii
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Maui
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Haleakala (1)
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-
-
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oil and gas fields (2)
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orogeny (22)
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oxygen
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O-17 (1)
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O-18/O-16 (24)
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Pacific Ocean
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East Pacific
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Northeast Pacific
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Cascadia Basin (1)
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Gulf of California (1)
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Hess Deep (1)
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-
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North Pacific
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Northeast Pacific
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Cascadia Basin (1)
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Gulf of California (1)
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Hess Deep (1)
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Northwest Pacific
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Izu-Bonin Arc (2)
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South China Sea (1)
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South Pacific
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Havre Trough (1)
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Southwest Pacific
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Lord Howe Rise (1)
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West Pacific
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Northwest Pacific
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Izu-Bonin Arc (2)
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Southwest Pacific
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Lord Howe Rise (1)
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-
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paleoclimatology (10)
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paleoecology (5)
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paleogeography (17)
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paleomagnetism (11)
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Paleozoic
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Berea Sandstone (1)
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Cambrian
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Brigham Group (1)
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Lower Cambrian
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Chilhowee Group (1)
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Middle Cambrian
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Burgess Shale (1)
-
-
-
Carboniferous
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Lower Carboniferous (2)
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Mississippian
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Lower Mississippian
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Tournaisian (1)
-
-
Upper Mississippian
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Hartselle Sandstone (2)
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Serpukhovian (1)
-
-
-
Pennsylvanian
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Lower Pennsylvanian
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Bashkirian (1)
-
-
Middle Pennsylvanian
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Moscovian (1)
-
-
Pottsville Group (1)
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Upper Pennsylvanian
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Gzhelian (1)
-
-
-
Springer Formation (1)
-
-
Casco Bay Group (1)
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Devonian
-
Heemskirk Granite (1)
-
Lower Devonian (5)
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Middle Devonian
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Marcellus Shale (1)
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-
Old Red Sandstone (1)
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Popovich Formation (1)
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Upper Devonian
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Canadaway Group (1)
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Frasnian (1)
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Kellwasser event (1)
-
-
-
Hunton Group (1)
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lower Paleozoic (3)
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middle Paleozoic (1)
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Ordovician
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Lower Ordovician (1)
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Lushs Bight Group (1)
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Middle Ordovician
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Black River Group (1)
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Dapingian (1)
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Skiddaw Slates (1)
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Trenton Group (1)
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Permian
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Buckley Formation (1)
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Guadalupian (1)
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Middle Permian (2)
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Upper Permian (1)
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Rangeley Formation (1)
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Silurian
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Lower Silurian (1)
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Upper Silurian (3)
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Taiyuan Formation (1)
-
upper Paleozoic (7)
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Woodford Shale (5)
-
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palynomorphs
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acritarchs (1)
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miospores
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pollen (2)
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paragenesis (19)
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permafrost (1)
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petroleum
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natural gas (7)
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shale oil (1)
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petrology (2)
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Phanerozoic (1)
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phase equilibria (17)
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phosphate deposits (1)
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phosphorus (2)
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planetology (1)
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Plantae
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algae
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Chlorophyta (1)
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diatoms (1)
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nannofossils (1)
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Pteridophyta
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Filicopsida
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Archaeopteris (1)
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Lycopsida (1)
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Spermatophyta
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Angiospermae (1)
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Gymnospermae (2)
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-
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plate tectonics (51)
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pollution (14)
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Precambrian
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Archean
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Neoarchean (4)
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-
Brockman Iron Formation (1)
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Johnnie Formation (1)
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Kingston Peak Formation (1)
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Nipissing Diabase (1)
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North Shore Volcanics (1)
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Osler Series (1)
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Transvaal Supergroup (1)
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upper Precambrian
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Proterozoic
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Keweenawan
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Portage Lake Lava Series (1)
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Mesoproterozoic
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Stenian (1)
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Neoproterozoic
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Dengying Formation (1)
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Ediacaran (4)
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Riphean (1)
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Tonian (3)
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Oronto Group (1)
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Paleoproterozoic
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Birimian (2)
-
-
Pocatello Formation (1)
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Sinian
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Dengying Formation (1)
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-
-
-
Ventersdorp Supergroup (1)
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Witwatersrand Supergroup (2)
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quartz crystal (1)
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remote sensing (4)
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salt deposits (1)
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sea water (7)
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sea-level changes (3)
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sedimentary rocks
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carbonate rocks
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dolostone (3)
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limestone
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biocalcarenite (1)
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chemically precipitated rocks
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evaporites (2)
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iron formations
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banded iron formations (1)
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phosphate rocks (1)
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weathering crust (1)
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clastic rocks
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bentonite (5)
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black shale (3)
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claystone (3)
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conglomerate (4)
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marl (1)
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mudstone (6)
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sandstone (12)
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shale (10)
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siltstone (1)
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coal (4)
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gas shale (1)
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oil sands (1)
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sedimentary structures
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bedding plane irregularities
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dune structures (1)
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biogenic structures
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microbial mats (1)
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planar bedding structures
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bedding (1)
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cross-bedding (1)
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secondary structures
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concretions (1)
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sedimentation (6)
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sediments
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clastic sediments
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alluvium (1)
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clay (2)
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cobbles (1)
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drift (1)
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dust (1)
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kaolin (3)
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loess (2)
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till (1)
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marine sediments (3)
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selenium (1)
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shorelines (2)
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silicon
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Si-29 (5)
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sodium carbonate (1)
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soils
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Andosols (1)
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Gleys (1)
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laterites (4)
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Mollisols (1)
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South America
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Amazon Basin (1)
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Andes
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Eastern Cordillera (1)
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Northern Andes (1)
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Argentina
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Jujuy Argentina (1)
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Bolivia
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Brazil
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Para Brazil (1)
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Chile
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Ecuador (2)
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Venezuela
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Southern Ocean
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Prydz Bay (1)
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spectroscopy
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electron paramagnetic resonance (6)
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springs (4)
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standard materials (5)
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stratigraphy (2)
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structural analysis (4)
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sulfur
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S-33/S-32 (1)
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S-34/S-32 (10)
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tectonics (52)
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tellurium (2)
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thermal analysis (10)
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thermal waters (3)
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underground installations (1)
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United States
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Alabama (3)
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Alaska
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Brooks Range (1)
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Yukon-Koyukuk Basin (1)
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Anadarko Basin (2)
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Arizona
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Gila County Arizona
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Pinal Creek basin (1)
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Graham County Arizona (1)
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Mogollon Rim (1)
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California
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Central California (1)
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Los Angeles County California
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Shasta County California
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Siskiyou County California
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Colorado
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Connecticut
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Death Valley National Park (1)
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Georgia (1)
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Hawaii
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Honolulu County Hawaii
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Oahu (1)
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Maui County Hawaii
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Maui
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Haleakala (1)
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Idaho
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Lemhi Range (1)
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Maine
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Massachusetts
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Midcontinent (1)
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Missouri
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Montana
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Lincoln County Montana
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Nevada
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Carlin Mine (1)
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Clark County Nevada (1)
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New Hampshire
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New Mexico
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Datil-Mogollon volcanic field (1)
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Jemez Mountains (1)
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Picuris Range (1)
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Santa Fe County New Mexico (1)
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New York
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Adirondack Mountains (2)
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Chautauqua County New York (1)
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Essex County New York (1)
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Oklahoma
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Oregon
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South Carolina
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Southwestern U.S. (1)
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Tennessee
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Oak Ridge National Laboratory (1)
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Texas
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Lubbock County Texas (1)
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U. S. Rocky Mountains
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Utah
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Washington
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Whatcom County Washington (1)
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vermiculite deposits (2)
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volcanology (1)
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waste disposal (7)
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weathering (18)
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well-logging (12)
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X-ray analysis (18)
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rock formations
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Alpine Schist (1)
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Beacon Supergroup (1)
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Medina Formation (1)
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Moty Formation (1)
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Santa Cruz Formation (1)
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Semail Ophiolite (1)
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Skagit Gneiss (1)
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sedimentary rocks
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floatstone (1)
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sedimentary rocks
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carbonate rocks
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dolostone (3)
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limestone
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biocalcarenite (1)
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chemically precipitated rocks
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evaporites (2)
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iron formations
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banded iron formations (1)
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phosphate rocks (1)
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weathering crust (1)
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clastic rocks
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bentonite (5)
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claystone (3)
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conglomerate (4)
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marl (1)
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mudstone (6)
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sandstone (12)
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shale (10)
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siltstone (1)
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coal (4)
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quadrupole splitting distributions
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Journal Article
Octahedral cation distribution in glauconites from Southern Urals by combination of crystal-chemical model and quasi-continuous model-independent quadrupole splitting distributions (QSD) fitted to their Mössbauer spectra Available to Purchase
Journal: European Journal of Mineralogy
Publisher: GeoScienceWorld Journals
Published: 01 September 2013
European Journal of Mineralogy (2013) 25 (3): 405–414.
...Lidia G. Dainyak; Viacheslav S. Rusakov; Ivan A. Sukhorukov; Victor A. Drits Abstract Mössbauer spectra of two glauconites, BSH-11 and KUL-1, from the Southern Urals are interpreted by simulation using crystal-chemical modelling and by fitting of quadrupole splitting distribution (QSD). The crystal...
Journal Article
Quadrupole splitting distributions in triclinic astrophyllite Available to Purchase
Journal: European Journal of Mineralogy
Publisher: GeoScienceWorld Journals
Published: 01 July 2003
European Journal of Mineralogy (2003) 15 (4): 707–710.
...-70176 Stuttgart 2003 Mössbauer effect, quadrupole splitting distributions, astrophyllite. Astrophyllite, mica-like titanium silicate, is known to have several polymorphic modifications with different symmetries and compositions. Triclinic astrophyllite, K 2 Na(-Fe, Mn, Mg) 7 [Ti 2 (Si 4 O...
Journal Article
Octahedral site Fe (super 2+) quadrupole splitting distributions from the Moessbauer spectra of arrojadite Available to Purchase
Journal: American Mineralogist
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Published: 01 December 1998
American Mineralogist (1998) 83 (11-12_Part_1): 1316–1322.
...Isamu Shinno; Li Zhe Abstract The Mossbauer spectra of arrojadite, (K,Ba)(Na,Ca) 5 (Fe (super 2+) , Mn, Mg) 14 Al(PO 4 ) 12 (OH,F), at 298 and 95 K were investigated for the first time. The spectra at both temperatures were analyzed in terms of their Fe (super 2+) quadrupole splitting distributions...
Journal Article
A Moessbauer study of natural gahnite spinels showing strongly temperature-dependent quadrupole splitting distributions Available to Purchase
Journal: European Journal of Mineralogy
Publisher: GeoScienceWorld Journals
Published: 01 January 1990
European Journal of Mineralogy (1990) 2 (3): 267–271.
Image
Experimental quadrupole splitting distributions from Rancourt et al. (1994... Available to Purchase
in Hyperfine electric field gradients and local distortion environments of octahedrally coordinated Fe 2+
> American Mineralogist
Published: 01 January 2005
F igure 13. Experimental quadrupole splitting distributions from Rancourt et al. (1994) of natural annite (dashed line) and natural phlogopite (dotted line) plotted against the left-hand axis, compared with theoretical flattening curves for FeO 6 10− (solid squares), Fe(OH) 6 4− (solid
Image
Representative quadrupole splitting distributions for the Fe 3+ generalize... Available to Purchase
in The relationships between crystal-chemical and hyperfine parameters in members of the astrophyllite-group : A combined 57 Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction study
> European Journal of Mineralogy
Published: 01 November 2004
Fig. 3. Representative quadrupole splitting distributions for the Fe 3+ generalized site.
Image
End-member quadrupole splitting distributions for the Fe 2+ generalized si... Available to Purchase
in The relationships between crystal-chemical and hyperfine parameters in members of the astrophyllite-group : A combined 57 Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction study
> European Journal of Mineralogy
Published: 01 November 2004
Fig. 4A. End-member quadrupole splitting distributions for the Fe 2+ generalized site. A general trend in QSDs is observed from broad distributions (W QSD : 0.912 mm/s) with small 〈QS〉 (2.202 mm/s) and QS peak (2.305 mm/s) values, shown as dashed lines, to narrow distributions (W QSD : 0.563 mm
Image
End-member quadrupole splitting distributions for the Fe 2+ generalized si... Available to Purchase
in The relationships between crystal-chemical and hyperfine parameters in members of the astrophyllite-group : A combined 57 Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction study
> European Journal of Mineralogy
Published: 01 November 2004
Fig. 4A. End-member quadrupole splitting distributions for the Fe 2+ generalized site. A general trend in QSDs is observed from broad distributions (W QSD : 0.912 mm/s) with small 〈QS〉 (2.202 mm/s) and QS peak (2.305 mm/s) values, shown as dashed lines, to narrow distributions (W QSD : 0.563 mm
Image
End-member quadrupole splitting distributions for the Fe 2+ generalized si... Available to Purchase
in The relationships between crystal-chemical and hyperfine parameters in members of the astrophyllite-group : A combined 57 Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction study
> European Journal of Mineralogy
Published: 01 November 2004
Fig. 4A. End-member quadrupole splitting distributions for the Fe 2+ generalized site. A general trend in QSDs is observed from broad distributions (W QSD : 0.912 mm/s) with small 〈QS〉 (2.202 mm/s) and QS peak (2.305 mm/s) values, shown as dashed lines, to narrow distributions (W QSD : 0.563 mm
Image
Quadrupole splitting distributions for the Fe site in sample HO20, accordin... Available to Purchase
in Hydrogen deficiency in Ti-rich biotite from anatectic metapelites (El Joyazo, SE Spain): Crystal-chemical aspects and implications for high-temperature petrogenesis
> American Mineralogist
Published: 01 April 2003
F igure 5. Quadrupole splitting distributions for the Fe site in sample HO20, according to models a, d, and e.
Image
Profile of Voigt-based quadrupole-splitting distribution (QSD) for Fe 2+ . Available to Purchase
in CRYSTAL STRUCTURE AND MÖSSBAUER SPECTROSCOPY OF TSCHERMAKITE FROM THE RUBY LOCALITY AT FISKENAESSET, GREENLAND
> The Canadian Mineralogist
Published: 01 August 2009
F ig . 1b. Profile of Voigt-based quadrupole-splitting distribution (QSD) for Fe 2+ .
Image
Quadrupole splitting distribution parameters for Zr-deficient and Zr-rich a... Available to Purchase
in The relationships between crystal-chemical and hyperfine parameters in members of the astrophyllite-group : A combined 57 Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction study
> European Journal of Mineralogy
Published: 01 November 2004
Table 5. Quadrupole splitting distribution parameters for Zr-deficient and Zr-rich astrophyllite-group minerals.
Image
Quadrupole splitting distribution (QSD) fits to 4 K Mössbauer spectra for ... Available to Purchase
in CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY OF DARK BLUE AQUAMARINE FROM THE TRUE BLUE SHOWING, YUKON TERRITORY, CANADA
> The Canadian Mineralogist
Published: 01 June 2010
F ig . 6. Quadrupole splitting distribution (QSD) fits to 4 K Mössbauer spectra for samples 38 and 56.
Image
Representative Mössbauer spectra and quadrupole splitting distribution (QS... Available to Purchase
in Correlation between OH concentration and oxygen isotope diffusion rate in diopsides from the Adirondack Mountains, New York
> American Mineralogist
Published: 01 July 2002
F igure 6. Representative Mössbauer spectra and quadrupole splitting distribution (QSD) fits (solid lines) for Fe in diopside. Isomer shifts are reported relative to metallic Fe. Each spectrum was fit with two Fe 2+ components (with δ about 1.1 to 1.2) and up to two Fe 3+ components (with δ
Journal Article
The relationships between crystal-chemical and hyperfine parameters in members of the astrophyllite-group : A combined 57 Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction study Available to Purchase
Paula C. PIILONEN, Denis G. RANCOURT, R. James EVANS, André E. LALONDE, Andrew M. McDONALD, Amir A.T. SHABANI
Journal: European Journal of Mineralogy
Publisher: GeoScienceWorld Journals
Published: 01 November 2004
European Journal of Mineralogy (2004) 16 (6): 989–1002.
...Fig. 3. Representative quadrupole splitting distributions for the Fe 3+ generalized site. ...
Journal Article
An improved model for the interpretation of Mössbauer spectra of dioctahedral 2:1 trans -vacant Fe-rich micas: refinement of parameters Available to Purchase
Journal: European Journal of Mineralogy
Publisher: GeoScienceWorld Journals
Published: 01 October 2009
European Journal of Mineralogy (2009) 21 (5): 995–1008.
... Mössbauer spectra were analyzed with quasi-continuous model-independent quadrupole splitting distributions (QSDs). The obtained QSDs were interpreted using a crystal-chemical model taking account of the effects of the local structural and chemical heterogeneity of layer silicates. The main parameters...
Journal Article
Hyperfine electric field gradient tensors at Fe 2+ sites in octahedral layers: Toward understanding oriented single-crystal Mössbauer spectroscopy measurements of micas Available to Purchase
Journal: American Mineralogist
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Published: 01 October 2005
American Mineralogist (2005) 90 (10): 1540–1555.
... EFG tensor results from all clusters, and using probabilities for the occurrence of each possible cation configuration in a chemically disordered octahedral sheet of a given bulk composition, we simulate averages and distributions of η, principal axis angles, and quadrupole splittings. While the value...
Journal Article
The turquoise-chalcosiderite Cu(Al,Fe 3+ ) 6 (PO 4 ) 4 (OH) 8 ·4H 2 O solid-solution series: A Mössbauer spectroscopy, XRD, EMPA, and FTIR study Available to Purchase
Journal: American Mineralogist
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Published: 01 October 2011
American Mineralogist (2011) 96 (10): 1433–1442.
... Fe 3+ sites, using a Voigt-based quadrupole-splitting distribution method, which are assigned to the M3 (smaller quadrupole splitting) on the one hand and M1 and M2 octahedral sites on the other hand. The Fe 3+ distribution over the M3 and M1,2 sites, calculated from the Mössbauer relative areas...
Journal Article
Recrystallization in fully metamict gadolinite from Ytterby (Sweden), annealed in air and studied by 57 Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy Available to Purchase
Journal: American Mineralogist
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Published: 01 April 2010
American Mineralogist (2010) 95 (4): 463–471.
... broad peaks solely from Fe 2+ components in octahedral coordinations. The corresponding quadrupole splitting distribution (QSD) shows two distinct maxima at 1.59 and 2.16 mm/s, which reflect the post-metamictization distributions of Fe 2+ positions up to heating at 773 K. Changes in the Mössbauer...
Journal Article
Mössbauer spectroscopy of phyllosilicates: effects of fitting models on recoil-free fractions and redox ratios Available to Purchase
Journal: Clay Minerals
Published: 01 March 2008
Clay Minerals (2008) 43 (1): 3–33.
...) quadrupole-splitting distributions (QSD); and (4) a technique that does not assume a particular line shape (subsequently referred to as ‘model-independent’). Values of δ I , 𝛉 M and f were determined using the method of De Grave & Van Alboom (1991) . Results show that multiple doublets are routinely...
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