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molybdenum ores (15)
-
nickel ores (83)
-
niobium ores (3)
-
osmium ores (1)
-
palladium ores (5)
-
platinum ores (77)
-
polymetallic ores (7)
-
rare earth deposits
-
cerium ores (1)
-
-
ruthenium ores (1)
-
silver ores (17)
-
strontium ores (1)
-
tantalum ores (1)
-
thorium ores (1)
-
tin ores (5)
-
titanium ores (12)
-
tungsten ores (3)
-
uranium ores (8)
-
vanadium ores (1)
-
zinc ores (26)
-
-
mineral deposits, genesis (178)
-
mineral exploration (93)
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mineral resources (8)
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monazite deposits (2)
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new energy sources (2)
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nonmetal deposits (9)
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oil and gas fields (4)
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ornamental materials (2)
-
petroleum
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natural gas
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shale gas (1)
-
-
-
phosphate deposits (5)
-
placers
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beach placers (4)
-
stream placers (5)
-
-
potash (1)
-
refractory materials (9)
-
ruby (12)
-
sodium carbonate (2)
-
vermiculite deposits (1)
-
zircon deposits (1)
-
-
elements, isotopes
-
boron
-
B-11/B-10 (4)
-
-
carbon
-
C-13 (1)
-
C-13/C-12 (54)
-
C-14 (3)
-
organic carbon (4)
-
-
chemical elements (5)
-
chemical ratios (43)
-
halogens
-
bromine (1)
-
chlorine
-
chloride ion (1)
-
-
fluorine (15)
-
iodine (1)
-
-
hydrogen
-
D/H (9)
-
deuterium (7)
-
tritium (2)
-
-
incompatible elements (15)
-
isotope ratios (482)
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (7)
-
Be-10 (1)
-
C-14 (3)
-
Nd-144/Nd-142 (1)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (60)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (40)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (41)
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (14)
-
Re-187/Os-188 (16)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (23)
-
Th-230 (1)
-
tritium (2)
-
U-238 (1)
-
U-238/Pb-204 (1)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
Al-27 (2)
-
Ar-36 (1)
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (7)
-
B-11/B-10 (4)
-
C-13 (1)
-
C-13/C-12 (54)
-
Ca-44/Ca-40 (1)
-
Cr-53/Cr-52 (1)
-
D/H (9)
-
deuterium (7)
-
Fe-56/Fe-54 (8)
-
Fe-57 (1)
-
He-3 (2)
-
He-4 (1)
-
He-4/He-3 (2)
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (75)
-
Li-7/Li-6 (4)
-
Mg-25/Mg-24 (1)
-
Mg-26 (1)
-
Mg-26/Mg-24 (6)
-
N-15/N-14 (3)
-
Nd-142 (1)
-
Nd-144/Nd-142 (1)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (190)
-
Ne-22/Ne-20 (1)
-
O-16 (2)
-
O-17 (2)
-
O-17/O-16 (7)
-
O-18 (5)
-
O-18/O-16 (102)
-
Os-188/Os-187 (22)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (60)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (40)
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (13)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (41)
-
Pb-208/Pb-206 (4)
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (14)
-
Re-187/Os-188 (16)
-
S-33 (1)
-
S-34/S-32 (31)
-
Si-29 (1)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (23)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (225)
-
W-182 (2)
-
Xe-136/Xe-130 (1)
-
Zn-66 (1)
-
-
-
large-ion lithophile elements (23)
-
Lu/Hf (30)
-
metals
-
actinides
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californium (1)
-
thorium
-
Th-230 (1)
-
-
uranium
-
U-238 (1)
-
U-238/Pb-204 (1)
-
-
-
alkali metals
-
cesium (4)
-
lithium
-
Li-7/Li-6 (4)
-
-
potassium (16)
-
rubidium
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (14)
-
-
sodium (16)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
barium (18)
-
beryllium
-
Be-10 (1)
-
-
calcium
-
Ca-44/Ca-40 (1)
-
Mg/Ca (2)
-
Sr/Ca (1)
-
-
magnesium
-
Mg/Ca (2)
-
Mg-25/Mg-24 (1)
-
Mg-26 (1)
-
Mg-26/Mg-24 (6)
-
-
radium (1)
-
strontium
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (14)
-
Sr/Ca (1)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (225)
-
-
-
aluminum
-
Al-27 (2)
-
-
antimony (8)
-
arsenic (9)
-
bismuth (2)
-
cadmium (3)
-
chromium
-
Cr-53/Cr-52 (1)
-
-
cobalt (9)
-
copper (12)
-
gallium (5)
-
germanium (4)
-
gold (19)
-
hafnium
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (75)
-
-
iron
-
Fe-56/Fe-54 (8)
-
Fe-57 (1)
-
ferric iron (43)
-
ferrous iron (29)
-
-
lead
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (60)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (40)
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (13)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (41)
-
Pb-208/Pb-206 (4)
-
U-238/Pb-204 (1)
-
-
manganese (13)
-
mercury (5)
-
molybdenum (3)
-
nickel (27)
-
niobium (27)
-
platinum group
-
iridium (18)
-
iridium ores (1)
-
osmium
-
Os-188/Os-187 (22)
-
Re-187/Os-188 (16)
-
-
osmium ores (1)
-
palladium (14)
-
palladium ores (5)
-
platinum (18)
-
platinum ores (77)
-
rhodium (4)
-
ruthenium (13)
-
ruthenium ores (1)
-
-
precious metals (13)
-
rare earths
-
cerium (8)
-
dysprosium (1)
-
europium (10)
-
gadolinium (1)
-
lanthanum (11)
-
lutetium (6)
-
neodymium
-
Nd-142 (1)
-
Nd-144/Nd-142 (1)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (190)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (23)
-
-
samarium
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (23)
-
-
scandium (4)
-
ytterbium (8)
-
yttrium (9)
-
-
rhenium
-
Re-187/Os-188 (16)
-
-
silver (6)
-
tantalum (12)
-
thallium (1)
-
tin (5)
-
titanium (45)
-
tungsten
-
W-182 (2)
-
-
vanadium (30)
-
zinc
-
Zn-66 (1)
-
-
zirconium (18)
-
-
nitrogen
-
N-15/N-14 (3)
-
-
noble gases
-
argon
-
Ar-36 (1)
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (7)
-
-
helium
-
He-3 (2)
-
He-4 (1)
-
He-4/He-3 (2)
-
-
krypton (2)
-
neon
-
Ne-22/Ne-20 (1)
-
-
radon (2)
-
xenon
-
Xe-136/Xe-130 (1)
-
-
-
oxygen
-
O-16 (2)
-
O-17 (2)
-
O-17/O-16 (7)
-
O-18 (5)
-
O-18/O-16 (102)
-
-
phosphorus (9)
-
selenium (5)
-
silicon
-
Si-29 (1)
-
-
sulfur
-
S-33 (1)
-
S-34/S-32 (31)
-
-
tellurium (4)
-
trace metals (4)
-
-
fossils
-
Archaea (1)
-
bacteria
-
Shewanella
-
Shewanella putrefaciens (1)
-
-
-
burrows (1)
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Pisces (1)
-
Tetrapoda
-
Mammalia
-
Theria
-
Eutheria
-
Rodentia (1)
-
-
-
-
Reptilia
-
Diapsida
-
Archosauria
-
dinosaurs
-
Saurischia
-
Sauropodomorpha (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Synapsida
-
Therapsida
-
Cynodontia (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
coprolites (1)
-
Graptolithina (2)
-
Hemichordata (1)
-
ichnofossils (3)
-
Invertebrata
-
Archaeocyatha (1)
-
Arthropoda
-
Mandibulata
-
Crustacea
-
Ostracoda (1)
-
-
Insecta (1)
-
-
Trilobitomorpha
-
Trilobita
-
Agnostida (1)
-
-
-
-
Brachiopoda (2)
-
Cnidaria
-
Anthozoa
-
Zoantharia
-
Tabulata (1)
-
-
-
-
Echinodermata
-
Crinozoa
-
Crinoidea (1)
-
-
-
Mollusca
-
Bivalvia
-
Heterodonta
-
Rudistae (2)
-
-
-
Cephalopoda
-
Ammonoidea (1)
-
-
Gastropoda (4)
-
-
Porifera (1)
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera
-
Miliolina
-
Miliolacea
-
Alveolinellidae
-
Alveolina (1)
-
-
-
-
Rotaliina
-
Globigerinacea
-
Globotruncanidae
-
Globotruncana (1)
-
-
-
Orbitoidacea
-
Discocyclina (1)
-
Orbitoididae (1)
-
-
Rotaliacea
-
Nummulitidae
-
Nummulites (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Radiolaria (8)
-
-
-
microfossils
-
Chitinozoa (1)
-
Conodonta (1)
-
-
palynomorphs
-
acritarchs (2)
-
Chitinozoa (1)
-
Dinoflagellata (2)
-
-
Plantae
-
algae
-
Coccolithophoraceae
-
Coccolithus (1)
-
-
nannofossils (3)
-
-
Pteridophyta
-
Lycopsida (1)
-
Psilopsida (1)
-
-
Spermatophyta
-
Angiospermae (1)
-
Gymnospermae
-
Coniferales (2)
-
-
-
-
Pterobranchia (1)
-
-
geochronology methods
-
(U-Th)/He (5)
-
Ar/Ar (115)
-
exposure age (2)
-
fission-track dating (8)
-
He/He (1)
-
K/Ar (23)
-
Lu/Hf (30)
-
Nd/Nd (7)
-
paleomagnetism (32)
-
Pb/Pb (18)
-
Pb/Th (3)
-
radiation damage (3)
-
Rb/Sr (23)
-
Re/Os (19)
-
Sm/Nd (44)
-
Sr/Sr (11)
-
tephrochronology (1)
-
Th/U (5)
-
thermochronology (13)
-
U/Pb (410)
-
U/Th/Pb (27)
-
uranium disequilibrium (2)
-
-
geologic age
-
Anthropocene (1)
-
Cenozoic
-
Bakhtiari Formation (1)
-
Bronze Age (1)
-
Iron Age (2)
-
lower Cenozoic (2)
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene
-
lower Holocene (1)
-
Middle Ages (1)
-
Neolithic (1)
-
upper Holocene
-
Roman period (4)
-
-
-
Pleistocene
-
lower Pleistocene
-
Calabrian (1)
-
Gelasian (1)
-
-
middle Pleistocene (1)
-
upper Pleistocene
-
Weichselian
-
upper Weichselian
-
Younger Dryas (1)
-
-
-
-
-
upper Quaternary (2)
-
-
Siwalik System (4)
-
Stone Age
-
Neolithic (1)
-
-
Tertiary
-
Asmari Formation (1)
-
Catahoula Formation (1)
-
lower Tertiary (6)
-
middle Tertiary
-
Masset Formation (1)
-
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
Columbia River Basalt Group (1)
-
Grande Ronde Basalt (1)
-
lower Miocene
-
Aquitanian (1)
-
Burdigalian (2)
-
Kasauli Series (2)
-
-
middle Miocene
-
Langhian (1)
-
-
Surma Group (2)
-
upper Miocene
-
Baynunah Formation (1)
-
Messinian (2)
-
Tortonian (3)
-
-
-
Pliocene
-
Cimmerian (1)
-
upper Pliocene
-
Piacenzian (1)
-
-
-
upper Neogene (1)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Barail Group (1)
-
Eocene
-
Crescent Formation (1)
-
Ghazij Formation (1)
-
lower Eocene
-
Ypresian (2)
-
-
middle Eocene
-
Lutetian (1)
-
-
Subathu Formation (4)
-
upper Eocene (5)
-
-
lower Paleogene (3)
-
Oligocene
-
upper Oligocene (9)
-
-
Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene
-
Danian (8)
-
K-T boundary (16)
-
-
upper Paleocene (2)
-
-
-
Zambales Ophiolite (2)
-
-
upper Cenozoic (9)
-
-
Coal Measures (1)
-
Dalradian (15)
-
Mesozoic
-
Bela Ophiolites (1)
-
Condrey Mountain Schist (2)
-
Cretaceous
-
Kuskokwim Group (1)
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Albian
-
upper Albian (1)
-
-
Aptian (6)
-
Barremian (3)
-
Berriasian (1)
-
Christopher Formation (1)
-
Hauterivian (1)
-
Valanginian (2)
-
Zubair Formation (1)
-
-
Middle Cretaceous (5)
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Bearpaw Formation (1)
-
Campanian (7)
-
Cenomanian (5)
-
Gulfian
-
Austin Chalk (1)
-
-
Hell Creek Formation (2)
-
K-T boundary (16)
-
Maestrichtian
-
upper Maestrichtian (1)
-
-
Rosario Formation (1)
-
Senonian (4)
-
-
-
Franciscan Complex (8)
-
Great Valley Sequence (2)
-
Jurassic
-
Clarens Formation (1)
-
Coast Range Ophiolite (2)
-
Ferrar Group (3)
-
Lower Jurassic
-
Laberge Group (1)
-
lower Liassic (1)
-
Pliensbachian (1)
-
Toarcian (1)
-
upper Liassic (1)
-
-
Middle Jurassic
-
Bathonian (1)
-
Callovian (1)
-
Dogger (1)
-
-
Rajmahal Series (1)
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Arab Formation (1)
-
Fulmar Formation (2)
-
Galice Formation (4)
-
Hanifa Formation (1)
-
Josephine Ophiolite (3)
-
Kimmeridge Clay (1)
-
Kimmeridgian (1)
-
Tithonian (2)
-
-
-
lower Mesozoic (6)
-
Orocopia Schist (1)
-
Shimanto Group (1)
-
Triassic
-
Lower Triassic
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (8)
-
-
Middle Triassic
-
Anisian (2)
-
Ladinian (1)
-
-
Moenkopi Formation (1)
-
Montney Formation (1)
-
Nicola Group (1)
-
Upper Triassic
-
Carnian (3)
-
Chinle Formation (1)
-
Norian (1)
-
Stormberg Series (1)
-
-
-
upper Mesozoic
-
Yixian Formation (1)
-
-
Yanshanian (1)
-
-
Moldanubian (7)
-
Paleozoic
-
Bowers Supergroup (1)
-
Cambrian
-
Acadian (2)
-
Kanmantoo Group (1)
-
Lower Cambrian
-
Murphy Marble (1)
-
Tommotian (1)
-
-
Middle Cambrian (4)
-
Mount Read Volcanics (2)
-
Upper Cambrian
-
Eau Claire Formation (1)
-
Furongian (2)
-
Lamotte Sandstone (1)
-
Mount Simon Sandstone (1)
-
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Jackfork Group (1)
-
Lower Carboniferous
-
Asbian (1)
-
Dinantian (3)
-
-
Mississippian
-
Middle Mississippian
-
Visean
-
upper Visean (1)
-
-
-
Upper Mississippian
-
Chesterian (1)
-
Heath Formation (1)
-
Serpukhovian (1)
-
-
-
Namurian (2)
-
Pennsylvanian
-
Lower Pennsylvanian
-
Bashkirian (1)
-
-
Middle Pennsylvanian
-
Allegheny Group (2)
-
Moscovian (1)
-
-
-
Upper Carboniferous
-
Karharbari Stage (1)
-
Millstone Grit (2)
-
Westphalian (2)
-
-
-
Devonian
-
Lower Devonian
-
Emsian (1)
-
Lochkovian (1)
-
-
Middle Devonian
-
Eifelian (1)
-
-
Old Red Sandstone (5)
-
Upper Devonian
-
Frasnian (1)
-
-
-
Earn Group (1)
-
Gfohl Unit (1)
-
Leinster Granite (1)
-
lower Paleozoic
-
Bay of Islands Ophiolite (1)
-
Chopawamsic Formation (1)
-
Wilmington Complex (2)
-
-
Matapedia Group (1)
-
middle Paleozoic (3)
-
Ordovician
-
Lower Ordovician
-
Arenigian
-
Ballantrae Complex (5)
-
-
Floian (1)
-
Tremadocian (1)
-
-
Meguma Group (2)
-
Middle Ordovician
-
Llanvirnian (1)
-
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Hirnantian (1)
-
Katian (1)
-
Wufeng Formation (1)
-
-
-
Permian
-
Akiyoshi Limestone (1)
-
Damuda Series (1)
-
Ecca Group (1)
-
Guadalupian
-
Roadian (1)
-
Wordian (1)
-
-
Irati Formation (1)
-
Khuff Formation (1)
-
Lower Permian
-
Barakar Stage (1)
-
Cisuralian
-
Kungurian (1)
-
-
Wolfcampian (1)
-
-
Middle Permian (2)
-
Unayzah Formation (1)
-
Upper Permian
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (8)
-
Raniganj Formation (1)
-
Zechstein (1)
-
-
-
Silurian
-
Lower Silurian
-
Llandovery (2)
-
Wenlock
-
Homerian (1)
-
-
-
Middle Silurian (2)
-
Upper Silurian
-
Ludlow (1)
-
-
-
Talchir Formation (2)
-
upper Paleozoic
-
Bakken Formation (1)
-
Dwyka Formation (1)
-
-
Wissahickon Formation (1)
-
-
Phanerozoic (22)
-
Precambrian
-
Animikie Group (1)
-
Archean
-
Aravalli System (3)
-
Eoarchean (4)
-
Fig Tree Group (2)
-
Iron Ore Group (1)
-
J-M Reef (2)
-
Kromberg Formation (2)
-
Mesoarchean (12)
-
Napier Complex (2)
-
Neoarchean
-
Amitsoq Gneiss (1)
-
Dharwar Supergroup (1)
-
Sargur Group (2)
-
-
Paleoarchean
-
Hooggenoeg Formation (2)
-
-
Swaziland Supergroup (1)
-
Warrawoona Group (1)
-
Yellowknife Group (1)
-
-
Central Rand Group (1)
-
Cuddapah System (2)
-
Delhi Supergroup (1)
-
Hadean (6)
-
Hamersley Group (1)
-
Laramie anorthosite complex (2)
-
Lewisian Complex (4)
-
North Shore Volcanics (1)
-
Onverwacht Group (4)
-
Osler Series (1)
-
Sakoli Group (1)
-
Stillwater Complex (10)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Damara System (3)
-
Great Oxidation Event (1)
-
Huronian
-
Onaping Formation (1)
-
-
Keweenawan
-
Portage Lake Lava Series (1)
-
-
Lewisian (3)
-
Mesoproterozoic
-
Belt Supergroup (1)
-
Ectasian (1)
-
Gawler Range Volcanics (1)
-
Hiltaba Suite (1)
-
Laxfordian (1)
-
Stenian (1)
-
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Burra Group (1)
-
Cryogenian (1)
-
Ediacaran (9)
-
Moine Supergroup (2)
-
Riphean
-
upper Riphean (1)
-
-
Tonian (4)
-
Torridonian (2)
-
Vendian (10)
-
-
Oronto Group (1)
-
Paleoproterozoic
-
Birimian (4)
-
Michigamme Formation (1)
-
Orosirian (2)
-
Qinling Group (2)
-
Rhyacian (2)
-
Rooiberg Group (3)
-
Rustenburg Layered Suite (8)
-
Siderian (2)
-
Svecofennian (1)
-
Willyama Supergroup (1)
-
Wollaston Group (2)
-
-
Pretoria Group (1)
-
Tapley Hill Formation (1)
-
Windermere System (1)
-
-
-
Ventersdorp Supergroup (4)
-
Waterberg System (1)
-
-
Rhenohercynian (1)
-
Saxothuringian (3)
-
-
igneous rocks
-
extrusive rocks (5)
-
igneous rocks
-
carbonatites (44)
-
feldspathoid rocks (6)
-
granophyre (5)
-
hypabyssal rocks (3)
-
kamafugite (5)
-
kimberlite (91)
-
picrite (24)
-
plutonic rocks
-
anorthosite (51)
-
appinite (4)
-
crinanite (1)
-
diabase
-
diabase porphyry (1)
-
olivine diabase (1)
-
tholeiitic dolerite (1)
-
-
diorites
-
diorite porphyry (3)
-
ferrodiorite (2)
-
plagiogranite (11)
-
quartz diorites (10)
-
tonalite
-
enderbite (5)
-
-
trondhjemite (9)
-
-
essexite (1)
-
gabbros
-
alkali gabbros (1)
-
microgabbro (1)
-
norite (21)
-
olivine gabbro (1)
-
troctolite (21)
-
-
granites
-
alkali granites (3)
-
aplite (2)
-
A-type granites (11)
-
biotite granite (1)
-
charnockite (19)
-
felsite (1)
-
granite porphyry (3)
-
granosyenite (1)
-
I-type granites (12)
-
leucogranite (14)
-
microgranite (1)
-
monzogranite (15)
-
S-type granites (10)
-
two-mica granite (1)
-
-
granodiorites (29)
-
ijolite (2)
-
lamproite (20)
-
lamprophyres
-
camptonite (2)
-
kersantite (1)
-
minette (7)
-
monchiquite (1)
-
spessartite (1)
-
-
monzodiorite (14)
-
monzonites
-
mangerite (2)
-
-
pegmatite (45)
-
quartz monzonite (2)
-
syenites
-
albitite (1)
-
alkali syenites (5)
-
granosyenite (1)
-
nepheline syenite
-
agpaite (2)
-
miaskite (1)
-
-
pulaskite (1)
-
quartz syenite (6)
-
shonkinite (4)
-
syenite porphyry (1)
-
-
syenodiorite (1)
-
ultramafics
-
chromitite (57)
-
hornblendite (4)
-
peridotites
-
dunite (51)
-
garnet lherzolite (8)
-
garnet peridotite (10)
-
harzburgite (59)
-
lherzolite (45)
-
spinel lherzolite (20)
-
spinel peridotite (9)
-
-
pyroxenite
-
clinopyroxenite (18)
-
garnet pyroxenite (5)
-
orthopyroxenite (6)
-
websterite (9)
-
-
-
-
porphyry
-
vitrophyre (1)
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
adakites (11)
-
andesites
-
andesite porphyry (1)
-
boninite (25)
-
-
basalts
-
alkali basalts
-
alkali olivine basalt (2)
-
hawaiite (6)
-
mugearite (4)
-
trachybasalts (9)
-
-
flood basalts (34)
-
mare basalts (1)
-
mid-ocean ridge basalts (130)
-
ocean-island basalts (50)
-
olivine basalt (4)
-
olivine tholeiite (2)
-
shoshonite (9)
-
tholeiite (36)
-
tholeiitic basalt (19)
-
trap rocks (3)
-
-
basanite
-
ankaramite (1)
-
-
benmoreite (1)
-
dacites (16)
-
glasses
-
perlite (1)
-
volcanic glass (6)
-
-
keratophyre
-
quartz keratophyre (1)
-
-
komatiite (30)
-
latite (1)
-
leucitite (2)
-
meimechite (3)
-
melilitite (2)
-
nephelinite
-
olivine nephelinite (3)
-
-
phonolites (14)
-
pyroclastics
-
andesite tuff (2)
-
ash-flow tuff (2)
-
hyaloclastite (3)
-
ignimbrite (7)
-
pumice (6)
-
scoria (8)
-
tuff (15)
-
tuffite (1)
-
welded tuff (1)
-
-
rhyodacites (5)
-
rhyolites
-
comendite (2)
-
pantellerite (2)
-
quartz porphyry (1)
-
-
tephrite (2)
-
trachyandesites (14)
-
trachytes (17)
-
vitrophyre (1)
-
-
-
ophiolite (177)
-
pyrolite (7)
-
volcanic ash (6)
-
wehrlite (11)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metamorphic rocks
-
amphibolites (50)
-
cataclasites (2)
-
eclogite (68)
-
garnetite (2)
-
gneisses
-
augen gneiss (3)
-
biotite gneiss (3)
-
granite gneiss (6)
-
orthogneiss (22)
-
paragneiss (17)
-
tonalite gneiss (1)
-
-
granulites
-
kinzigite (1)
-
-
hornfels (10)
-
impactites
-
impact breccia
-
lunar breccia (3)
-
suevite (3)
-
-
-
jadeitite (4)
-
lapis lazuli (3)
-
listwanite (6)
-
marbles
-
ophicalcite (3)
-
-
metacarbonate rocks (1)
-
metaigneous rocks
-
meta-anorthosite (3)
-
metabasalt (14)
-
metabasite (13)
-
metadiabase (2)
-
metadiorite (2)
-
metagabbro (25)
-
metagranite (2)
-
metakomatiite (2)
-
metaperidotite (9)
-
metapyroxenite (2)
-
metarhyolite (2)
-
metatuff (1)
-
serpentinite (53)
-
-
metaplutonic rocks (2)
-
metasedimentary rocks
-
khondalite (9)
-
meta-arkose (1)
-
metachert (2)
-
metaconglomerate (2)
-
metagraywacke (1)
-
metalimestone (1)
-
metapelite (42)
-
metasandstone (1)
-
paragneiss (17)
-
-
metasomatic rocks
-
fenite (2)
-
greisen
-
beresite (1)
-
-
rodingite (3)
-
serpentinite (53)
-
skarn (28)
-
-
metavolcanic rocks (22)
-
migmatites
-
anatexite (4)
-
-
mylonites
-
pseudotachylite (5)
-
ultramylonite (4)
-
-
quartzites
-
ferruginous quartzite (1)
-
-
schists
-
blueschist (12)
-
chlorite schist (2)
-
greenschist (6)
-
greenstone (6)
-
hornblende schist (2)
-
muscovite schist (1)
-
-
slates (1)
-
-
ophiolite (177)
-
turbidite (22)
-
-
meteorites
-
meteorites
-
Allan Hills Meteorites
-
ALH 84001 (2)
-
ALHA 77005 (1)
-
ALHA 81005 (1)
-
-
Graves Nunataks Meteorites (1)
-
iron meteorites (3)
-
MacAlpine Hills Meteorites (1)
-
micrometeorites (2)
-
Miller Range Meteorites (1)
-
Northwest Africa Meteorites (6)
-
stony irons
-
pallasite (2)
-
-
stony meteorites
-
acapulcoite (1)
-
achondrites
-
ALHA 81005 (1)
-
angrite
-
D'Orbigny Meteorite (1)
-
-
aubrite (1)
-
diogenite (3)
-
eucrite
-
Pasamonte Meteorite (1)
-
-
howardite (2)
-
lunar meteorites (13)
-
Martian meteorites
-
ALH 84001 (2)
-
SNC Meteorites
-
chassignite
-
Chassigny Meteorite (4)
-
-
nakhlite
-
Nakhla Meteorite (1)
-
-
shergottite
-
ALHA 77005 (1)
-
Shergotty Meteorite (2)
-
Zagami Meteorite (2)
-
-
-
-
ureilite (2)
-
-
chondrites
-
carbonaceous chondrites
-
CH chondrites (1)
-
CI chondrites
-
Orgueil Meteorite (1)
-
-
CM chondrites
-
Murchison Meteorite (1)
-
-
CV chondrites
-
Allende Meteorite (8)
-
Efremovka Meteorite (1)
-
Vigarano Meteorite (1)
-
-
Tagish Lake Meteorite (1)
-
-
enstatite chondrites
-
EL chondrites (1)
-
-
ordinary chondrites
-
L chondrites (9)
-
LL chondrites
-
Semarkona Meteorite (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Yamato Meteorites (2)
-
-
-
minerals
-
alloys
-
awaruite (1)
-
carbides
-
cohenite (1)
-
moissanite (10)
-
-
electrum (1)
-
kamacite (4)
-
nitrides (8)
-
phosphides
-
schreibersite (2)
-
-
silicides (2)
-
taenite (2)
-
-
antimonides (4)
-
arsenates (7)
-
arsenides
-
arsenopyrite (3)
-
cobaltite (2)
-
gersdorffite (2)
-
lollingite (2)
-
maucherite (1)
-
nickeline (1)
-
rammelsbergite (1)
-
skutterudite (1)
-
sperrylite (7)
-
-
arsenites (1)
-
bismuthides
-
froodite (1)
-
michenerite (1)
-
-
borates
-
ludwigite (4)
-
vonsenite (1)
-
-
carbonates
-
ankerite (2)
-
aragonite (7)
-
azurite (1)
-
bastnaesite (3)
-
calcite (32)
-
dolomite (10)
-
huntite (1)
-
hydromagnesite (1)
-
hydrotalcite (2)
-
magnesian calcite (1)
-
magnesite (7)
-
malachite (2)
-
meionite (1)
-
nahcolite (1)
-
parisite (2)
-
rhodochrosite (1)
-
shortite (1)
-
siderite (3)
-
smithsonite (1)
-
spurrite (4)
-
synchysite (2)
-
vaterite (1)
-
-
copper minerals (2)
-
halides
-
chlorides
-
atacamite (1)
-
halite (6)
-
sylvite (2)
-
-
fluorides
-
bastnaesite (3)
-
clinohumite (4)
-
fluorite (2)
-
humite (4)
-
neighborite (1)
-
parisite (2)
-
synchysite (2)
-
topaz (5)
-
triplite (1)
-
-
-
hydrates (4)
-
iron minerals (2)
-
manganese minerals (5)
-
minerals (40)
-
molybdates (1)
-
native elements
-
carbonado (3)
-
diamond
-
microdiamond (5)
-
-
graphite (20)
-
lonsdaleite (3)
-
-
organic minerals
-
amber (1)
-
-
oxides
-
akaganeite (2)
-
alexandrite (1)
-
aluminum oxides (9)
-
anatase (4)
-
armalcolite (4)
-
baddeleyite (4)
-
birnessite (9)
-
bixbyite (2)
-
brannerite (1)
-
brookite (1)
-
brucite (5)
-
buserite (1)
-
cassiterite (6)
-
chrome spinel (53)
-
chromite (65)
-
chrysoberyl (3)
-
coronadite (1)
-
corundum (36)
-
cryptomelane (2)
-
cuprite (1)
-
delafossite (1)
-
diaspore (5)
-
ferrihydrite (8)
-
ferropericlase (8)
-
ferropseudobrookite (1)
-
gahnite (7)
-
geikielite (2)
-
germanates (3)
-
gibbsite (1)
-
goethite (9)
-
groutite (2)
-
hausmannite (4)
-
hematite (25)
-
hercynite (12)
-
hibonite (7)
-
hoegbomite (2)
-
hollandite (6)
-
hydroxides
-
iron hydroxides (7)
-
oxyhydroxides (1)
-
-
ilmenite (47)
-
iron oxides (42)
-
jacobsite (2)
-
lepidocrocite (1)
-
leucoxene (1)
-
limonite (2)
-
lithiophorite (2)
-
maghemite (6)
-
magnesioferrite (9)
-
magnesium oxides (5)
-
magnetite (76)
-
manganese oxides (12)
-
manganosite (1)
-
niobates
-
betafite (2)
-
columbite (7)
-
fergusonite (1)
-
ixiolite (2)
-
loparite (1)
-
pyrochlore (5)
-
samarskite (1)
-
tapiolite (1)
-
-
periclase (28)
-
perovskite (41)
-
portlandite (2)
-
pyrolusite (4)
-
pyrophanite (1)
-
ramsdellite (1)
-
rancieite (1)
-
rutile (42)
-
sapphire (13)
-
spinel (113)
-
spinel group (37)
-
taaffeite (1)
-
tantalates
-
betafite (2)
-
ixiolite (2)
-
microlite (3)
-
tantalite (4)
-
wodginite (2)
-
-
titanium oxides (19)
-
titanomaghemite (2)
-
titanomagnetite (9)
-
todorokite (4)
-
trevorite (1)
-
ulvospinel (8)
-
uraninite (3)
-
wustite (14)
-
zincite (2)
-
zirconolite (5)
-
-
phosphates
-
apatite (58)
-
britholite (3)
-
chlorapatite (2)
-
crandallite (1)
-
fluorapatite (14)
-
merrillite (5)
-
monazite (62)
-
rhabdophane (1)
-
triplite (1)
-
turquoise (1)
-
xenotime (5)
-
-
platinum minerals (33)
-
selenides (2)
-
silicates
-
aluminosilicates
-
maskelynite (3)
-
-
asbestos (4)
-
borosilicates (2)
-
chain silicates
-
aenigmatite group
-
rhonite (2)
-
sapphirine (8)
-
-
amphibole group
-
clinoamphibole
-
actinolite (5)
-
arfvedsonite (1)
-
cummingtonite (1)
-
edenite (2)
-
glaucophane (2)
-
hastingsite (3)
-
hornblende (22)
-
kaersutite (7)
-
nephrite (1)
-
pargasite (13)
-
richterite (5)
-
tremolite (5)
-
tschermakite (3)
-
-
orthoamphibole
-
gedrite (4)
-
-
-
astrophyllite (2)
-
carpholite (1)
-
jade (4)
-
prehnite (2)
-
pyroxene group
-
alkalic pyroxene (1)
-
clinopyroxene
-
aegirine (3)
-
augite (11)
-
chrome diopside (7)
-
clinoenstatite (3)
-
diopside (24)
-
fassaite (1)
-
hedenbergite (2)
-
jadeite (10)
-
omphacite (13)
-
pigeonite (3)
-
spodumene (2)
-
titanaugite (1)
-
-
orthopyroxene
-
enstatite (17)
-
ferrosilite (1)
-
hypersthene (1)
-
protoenstatite (2)
-
-
-
wollastonite group
-
wollastonite (2)
-
-
-
feldspathoids (2)
-
framework silicates
-
feldspar group
-
alkali feldspar
-
amazonite (1)
-
anorthoclase (1)
-
celsian (3)
-
hyalophane (1)
-
K-feldspar (9)
-
microcline (1)
-
moonstone (1)
-
orthoclase (2)
-
perthite (3)
-
sanidine (8)
-
-
antiperthite (1)
-
barium feldspar
-
celsian (3)
-
hyalophane (1)
-
-
plagioclase
-
albite (7)
-
andesine (1)
-
anorthite (12)
-
-
-
leucite (9)
-
myrmekite (2)
-
nepheline group
-
kalsilite (2)
-
nepheline (12)
-
-
pseudoleucite (2)
-
scapolite group
-
meionite (1)
-
scapolite (5)
-
-
silica minerals
-
agate (2)
-
amethyst (2)
-
chalcedony (3)
-
coesite (13)
-
cristobalite (4)
-
jasper (2)
-
lechatelierite (1)
-
moganite (2)
-
opal (1)
-
quartz
-
alpha quartz (2)
-
-
stishovite (18)
-
tridymite (2)
-
-
sodalite group
-
hauyne (1)
-
sodalite (1)
-
-
zeolite group
-
analcime (2)
-
mordenite (1)
-
pollucite (1)
-
thomsonite (1)
-
-
-
garnierite (3)
-
magnesian silicates (4)
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
andalusite (4)
-
braunite (2)
-
britholite group
-
britholite (3)
-
-
chloritoid (1)
-
chondrodite (1)
-
clinohumite (4)
-
datolite group
-
datolite (1)
-
-
dumortierite (2)
-
euclase (1)
-
garnet group
-
almandine (2)
-
andradite (4)
-
grossular (12)
-
hydrogarnet
-
hydrogrossular (2)
-
-
majorite (13)
-
pyrope (10)
-
schorlomite (2)
-
spessartine (1)
-
uvarovite (5)
-
-
grandidierite (1)
-
humite (4)
-
kyanite (18)
-
larnite (4)
-
merwinite (2)
-
mullite (4)
-
olivine group
-
fayalite (10)
-
forsterite (39)
-
kirschsteinite (2)
-
monticellite (4)
-
olivine (190)
-
peridot (1)
-
ringwoodite (36)
-
wadsleyite (30)
-
-
phenakite group
-
phenakite (1)
-
willemite (1)
-
-
sillimanite (18)
-
spurrite (4)
-
staurolite (6)
-
titanite group
-
titanite (27)
-
-
titanoclinohumite (1)
-
topaz (5)
-
zircon group
-
thorite (3)
-
zircon (350)
-
-
-
sorosilicates
-
bertrandite (3)
-
chevkinite group
-
chevkinite (2)
-
perrierite (1)
-
-
epidote group
-
allanite (8)
-
clinozoisite (3)
-
epidote (7)
-
piemontite (2)
-
tanzanite (1)
-
zoisite (3)
-
-
ilvaite (1)
-
kornerupine (2)
-
lawsonite (4)
-
melilite group
-
akermanite (2)
-
gehlenite (4)
-
melilite (6)
-
-
pumpellyite group
-
julgoldite (1)
-
pumpellyite (3)
-
-
thortveitite group
-
yttrialite (1)
-
-
vesuvianite (4)
-
-
-
ring silicates
-
aquamarine (1)
-
beryl (10)
-
cordierite (21)
-
emerald (7)
-
milarite group
-
milarite (1)
-
osumilite (3)
-
-
tourmaline group
-
buergerite (1)
-
dravite (4)
-
elbaite (2)
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sheet silicates
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clay minerals
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sulfates
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tellurides
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Primary terms
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Mesozoic
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post-spinel structure
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Journal Article
High-pressure phase transitions in FeCr 2 O 4 and structure analysis of new post-spinel FeCr 2 O 4 and Fe 2 Cr 2 O 5 phases with meteoritical and petrological implications
Takayuki Ishii, Hiroshi Kojitani, Shoichi Tsukamoto, Kiyoshi Fujino, Daisuke Mori, Yoshiyuki Inaguma, Noriyoshi Tsujino, Takashi Yoshino, Daisuke Yamazaki, Yuji Higo, Kenichi Funakoshi, Masaki Akaogi
Journal: American Mineralogist
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Published: 01 August 2014
American Mineralogist (2014) 99 (8-9): 1788–1797.
... relations also suggest that the natural chromitites in the Luobusa ophiolite previously interpreted as formed in the deep-mantle were formed at pressure below 12–16 GPa. Post-spinel Rietveld analysis crystal structure high pressure phase transition shocked meteorite FeCr 2 O 4 ophiolite...
Image
(a) Ellinaite post-spinel structure, projection perpendicular to the tunnel...
in Mcconnellite, CuCrO 2 and ellinaite, CaCr 2 O 4 , from varicoloured spurrite marble of the Daba-Siwaqa area, Hatrurim Complex, Jordan
> Mineralogical Magazine
Published: 17 March 2021
Fig. 5. (a) Ellinaite post-spinel structure, projection perpendicular to the tunnel direction (different octahedral sites are Cr M 1 = light-green and Cr M 2 = dark-green, Ca sites drawn in orange). (b) Ca sites (orange balls) in tunnel coordinated by O (red). Rutile-like chains of two types
Image
Low-pressure minerals with post-spinel structure, projection perpendicular ...
in Wernerkrauseite, CaFe 3+ 2 Mn 4+ O 6 : the first nonstoichiometric post-spinel mineral, from Bellerberg volcano, Eifel, Germany
> European Journal of Mineralogy
Published: 01 May 2016
Fig. 3 Low-pressure minerals with post-spinel structure, projection perpendicular to the tunnel direction (different octahedral sites marked with different colours, Ca sites drawn in orange): (A) marokite ( Zouari et al ., 2003 ), (B) harmunite ( Galuskina et al ., 2014 ), (C) wernerkrauseite
Journal Article
High-pressure phase transitions of Fe 3–x Ti x O 4 solid solution up to 60 GPa correlated with electronic spin transition
Takamitsu Yamanaka, Atsushi Kyono, Yuki Nakamoto, Yue Meng, Svetlana Kharlamova, Victor V. Struzhkin, Ho-kwang Mao
Journal: American Mineralogist
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Published: 01 April 2013
American Mineralogist (2013) 98 (4): 736–744.
... with Fe 2+ in the fourfold- or eightfold-coordinated site. The transition to the orthorhombic post-spinel structure with space group Cmcm has been confirmed in the whole compositional range of Fe 3–x Ti x O 4 . The transition pressure decreases from 25 GPa (x = 0.0) to 15 GPa (x = 1.0) with increasing Ti...
Journal Article
Wernerkrauseite, CaFe 3+ 2 Mn 4+ O 6 : the first nonstoichiometric post-spinel mineral, from Bellerberg volcano, Eifel, Germany
Journal: European Journal of Mineralogy
Publisher: GeoScienceWorld Journals
Published: 01 May 2016
European Journal of Mineralogy (2016) 28 (2): 485–493.
...Fig. 3 Low-pressure minerals with post-spinel structure, projection perpendicular to the tunnel direction (different octahedral sites marked with different colours, Ca sites drawn in orange): (A) marokite ( Zouari et al ., 2003 ), (B) harmunite ( Galuskina et al ., 2014 ), (C) wernerkrauseite...
Includes: Supplemental Content
Image
Thermal fields output from our numerical model showing the evolution of a s...
in Mantle flow mechanisms of epeirogeny and their possible role in the evolution of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin
> Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
Published: 20 October 2000
Fig. 3. Thermal fields output from our numerical model showing the evolution of a subducted slab within the mantle. The thick black line denotes the position of the endothermic phase change from spinel to post-spinel structures at approximately 660 km depth.
Journal Article
Phase transitions and equation of state of forsterite to 90 GPa from single-crystal X-ray diffraction and molecular modeling
Gregory J. Finkelstein, Przemyslaw K. Dera, Sandro Jahn, Artem R. Oganov, Christopher M. Holl, Yue Meng, Thomas S. Duffy
Journal: American Mineralogist
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Published: 01 January 2014
American Mineralogist (2014) 99 (1): 35–43.
... by displacement in [001](100). The forsterite III structure is a member of the family of post-spinel structures adopted by compositions such as CaFe 2 O 4 and CaTi 2 O 4 . * E-mail: [email protected] Manuscript handled by G. Diego Gatta Compressibility measurements olivine forsterite...
Includes: Supplemental Content
Journal Article
Equation of state of the high-pressure Fe 3 O 4 phase and a new structural transition at 70 GPa
Journal: American Mineralogist
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Published: 01 March 2016
American Mineralogist (2016) 101 (3): 719–725.
.... At a pressure between 64 and 73 GPa, a new structural transition was observed in Fe 3 O 4 , which can be attributed to a martensitic transformation as described by Yamanaka et al. (2008) for post-spinel structural transition. The diffraction data can be best fitted with a Pnma space group. No breakdown of Fe 3...
Image
Structure comparison of the three post-spinel phases. All orthorhombic stru...
in Structural transition of post-spinel phases CaMn 2 O 4 , CaFe 2 O 4 , and CaTi 2 O 4 under high pressures up to 80 GPa
> American Mineralogist
Published: 01 November 2008
F igure 2. Structure comparison of the three post-spinel phases. All orthorhombic structures have the second lattice setting. Ti, Mn, and Fe atoms are in sixfold coordination, and Ca is in eightfold coordination.
Journal Article
Structural and chemical characterization of Mg[(Cr,Mg)(Si,Mg)]O 4 , a new post-spinel phase with sixfold-coordinated silicon
Journal: American Mineralogist
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Published: 01 July 2015
American Mineralogist (2015) 100 (7): 1633–1636.
...Luca Bindi; Ekaterina A. Sirotkina; Andrey V. Bobrov; Tetsuo Irifune Abstract The crystal structure and chemical composition of a crystal of Mg(Mg,Cr,Si) 2 O 4 post-spinel phase synthesized in the model system MgCr 2 O 4 –Mg 2 SiO 4 at 16 GPa and 1600 °C have been investigated. The compound...
Includes: Supplemental Content
Journal Article
Structural transition of post-spinel phases CaMn 2 O 4 , CaFe 2 O 4 , and CaTi 2 O 4 under high pressures up to 80 GPa
Journal: American Mineralogist
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Published: 01 November 2008
American Mineralogist (2008) 93 (11-12): 1874–1881.
...F igure 2. Structure comparison of the three post-spinel phases. All orthorhombic structures have the second lattice setting. Ti, Mn, and Fe atoms are in sixfold coordination, and Ca is in eightfold coordination. ...
Image
Relations of effective radii and structure fields of AB 2 O 4 oxides (adap...
Published: 01 December 2019
Figure 5. Relations of effective radii and structure fields of AB 2 O 4 oxides (adapted from Glasser and Glasser 1963 ). The spinels magnesioferrite, chromite, magnesiochromite, and ulvospinel are indicated by half-filled diamonds. The corresponding high-pressure minerals maohokite ( Chen et al
Journal Article
Rubinite, Ca 3 Ti 2 3 + Si 3 O 12 , a new mineral in CV3 carbonaceous chondrites and a refractory garnet from the solar nebula
Chi Ma, Takashi Yoshizaki, Alexander N. Krot, John R. Beckett, Tomoki Nakamura, Kazuhide Nagashima, Jun Muto, Marina A. Ivanova, Alexander A. Ulyanov
Journal: American Mineralogist
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Published: 01 March 2025
American Mineralogist (2025) 110 (3): 489–500.
... a 3 ¯ d garnet-type structure with a = 12.19(1) Å, Z = 8, and an end-member formula of Ca 3 Ti 2 3 + Si 3 O 12 . Rubinite was identified as micrometer-sized crystals in five refractory Ca,Al-rich inclusions (CAIs) from the CV3 carbonaceous chondrites Allende, Efremovka, and Vigarano. In the Vigarano...
Journal Article
High P-T phase relations of Al-bearing magnetite: Post-spinel phases as indicators for P-T conditions of formation of natural samples
Laura Uenver-Thiele, Alan B. Woodland, Nobuyoshi Miyajima, Tiziana Boffa Ballaran, Edith Alig, Lothar Fink
Journal: American Mineralogist
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Published: 01 June 2024
American Mineralogist (2024) 109 (6): 1062–1073.
... post-spinel phases have been reported in terrestrial samples, including in a shocked gneiss from the Xiuyan impact crater [CF-type structured hp-MgFe 2 O 4 , named Maohokite, IMA 2017-047 ( Chen et al. 2019 )] or as inclusions in diamond from the Juina area, Mato Grosso State, Brazil [CaTi 2 O 4 -type...
Includes: Supplemental Content
Journal Article
A wide ocean-continent transition along the south-west Australian margin: first results of the MARGAU/MD110 cruise
Marie-Odile Beslier, Jean-Yves Royer, Jacques Girardeau, Peter J. Hill, Eric Boeuf, Cameron Buchanan, Fabienne Chatin, Gilles Jacovetti, Alain Moreau, Marc Munschy, Céline Partouche, Ursula Robert, Steve Thomas
Publisher: Société Géologique de France
Published: 01 November 2004
Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France (2004) 175 (6): 629–641.
... spreading with further remobilization during the Australia-Antarctic separation, or from post-Neocomian ultra-slow seafloor spreading. Because of the omnipresence of extensive tectonic structures (fig. 3) and of the relatively small proportion of crustal rocks relative to the mantle rocks, we argue...
Journal Article
Synthesis and recovery of bulk Fe 4 O 5 from magnetite, Fe 3 O 4 . A member of a self-similar series of structures for the lower mantle and transition zone
Journal: Mineralogical Magazine
Published: 01 April 2014
Mineralogical Magazine (2014) 78 (2): 361–371.
...-types, most notably from those of the spinels, post-spinels and post-perovskites. © 2014 The Mineralogical Society 2014 Fe 4 O 5 magnetite phase transition spinel Sr 2 Tl 2 O 5 structures HPHT synchrotron * E-mail: [email protected] 13 10 2013 14 1 2014...
Journal Article
High-pressure high-temperature transitions in MgCr 2 O 4 and crystal structures of new Mg 2 Cr 2 O 5 and post-spinel MgCr 2 O 4 phases with implications for ultrahigh-pressure chromitites in ophiolites
Takayuki Ishii, Hiroshi Kojitani, Kiyoshi Fujino, Hitoshi Yusa, Daisuke Mori, Yoshiyuki Inaguma, Yoshitaka Matsushita, Kazunari Yamaura, Masaki Akaogi
Journal: American Mineralogist
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Published: 01 January 2015
American Mineralogist (2015) 100 (1): 59–65.
... and subsequent recombination to the post-spinel MgCr 2 O 4 phase with increasing pressure. We have analyzed structures of the Mg 2 Cr 2 O 5 and MgCr 2 O 4 phases, resulting in that the two phases have the modified ludwigite (mLd)-type and CaTi 2 O 4 (CT)-type structures, respectively. The outline of our...
Journal Article
Electronic state of oxygen in oxide minerals : an XAS study on the influence of cationic environment
Journal: European Journal of Mineralogy
Publisher: GeoScienceWorld Journals
Published: 01 November 2002
European Journal of Mineralogy (2002) 14 (6): 1061–1067.
...: rutile-type (rutile, pyrolusite and cassiterite), fluorite-type (thorianite), spinel-type (spinel s.s. ) and garnet-type (andradite). Full multiple-scattering calculations are compared to actual spectra with the aim of interpreting pre-edge peaks and post-edge features. Comments are presented on the role...
Journal Article
Mantle Discontinuity Depths Beneath the West Philippine Basin from Receiver Function Analysis of Deep-Sea Borehole and Seafloor Broadband Waveforms
Daisuke Suetsugu, Masanao Shinohara, Eiichiro Araki, Toshihiko Kanazawa, Kiyoshi Suyehiro, Tomoaki Yamada, Kazuo Nakahigashi, Hajime Shiobara, Hiroko Sugioka, Kenji Kawai, Yoshio Fukao
Publisher: Seismological Society of America
Published: 01 October 2005
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2005) 95 (5): 1947–1956.
... discontinuities (called the “410” and “660,” respectively, hereafter) provides valuable data on the Earth’s thermal and compositional structure, since the 410 and 660 are interpreted to be caused by olivine- β spinel and post-spinel phase changes, respectively. In lower temperature environments, for instance...
Journal Article
The chemical and mineralogical variations in the nickel mineralization associated with the Kambalda Dome, Western Australia
Journal: Economic Geology
Publisher: Society of Economic Geologists
Published: 01 October 1981
Economic Geology (1981) 76 (6): 1629–1644.
...Paul Woolrich; A. Cowden; N. E. Giorgetta Abstract The volcanic peridotite-associated nickel deposits at Kambalda, Western Australia, consist of a number of orebodies or shoots located on the flanks of a broad domal structure within an Archean greenstone belt in the Yilgarn Block. Chemical...
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