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NARROW
Format
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Journal
Publisher
Section
GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Africa
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Afar (1)
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Central Africa
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Angola
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Cuanza Basin (1)
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Burundi (1)
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Congo
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Brazzaville Congo (1)
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Congo Democratic Republic
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Shaba Congo Democratic Republic (1)
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Congo River (1)
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Congo Craton (1)
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East Africa
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Eritrea (1)
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Kenya (2)
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Malawi (1)
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Mozambique (1)
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Sudan (6)
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Mozambique Belt (4)
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North Africa
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Algeria (1)
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Atlas Mountains
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Moroccan Atlas Mountains
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Anti-Atlas (2)
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Egypt (4)
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Libya
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Murzuk Basin (1)
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Morocco
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Moroccan Atlas Mountains
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Anti-Atlas (2)
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Tunisia (1)
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Nubian Shield (2)
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Red Sea Hills (5)
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Barberton greenstone belt (4)
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South Africa
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Cape fold belt (3)
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Eastern Cape Province South Africa
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Asia
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Far East
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Borneo
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China
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Lesser Sunda Islands
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Himalayas
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Indian Peninsula
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India
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Ghats
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Sakhalin Russian Federation
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Sayan (1)
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Siberia (4)
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Tien Shan (1)
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Tomsk Russian Federation (1)
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Tyumen Russian Federation
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West Siberia
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Western Transbaikalia (1)
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Yakutia Russian Federation (6)
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Atlantic Ocean
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North Atlantic
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North Sea
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Northeast Atlantic (2)
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Romanche fracture zone (1)
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South Atlantic
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Espirito Santo Basin (1)
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Atlantic Ocean Islands
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Azores (1)
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Madeira (1)
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Shetland Islands (2)
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Australasia
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Australia
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Bass Strait (1)
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Curnamona Province (1)
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Giles Complex (1)
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Musgrave Block (2)
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New South Wales Australia
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Gunnedah Basin (1)
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Sydney Australia (1)
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Northern Territory Australia
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Kakadu National Park (1)
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Queensland Australia
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Burdekin Delta (1)
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South Australia
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Eyre Peninsula (1)
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Kangaroo Island (1)
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Lake Eyre (1)
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Surat Basin (1)
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Victoria Australia
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Western Australia
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Canning Basin (2)
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New Zealand
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Canterbury Plains (1)
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Taupo volcanic zone (1)
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Papua New Guinea
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Avalon Zone (1)
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Canada
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Arctic Archipelago (3)
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Eastern Canada
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Maritime Provinces
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Nova Scotia
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Newfoundland and Labrador
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Labrador
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Newfoundland
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Avalon Peninsula (1)
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Baie Verte Peninsula (1)
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Ontario
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Quebec
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Sherbrooke County Quebec (1)
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Nunavut
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C-14 (10)
-
organic carbon (3)
-
-
chemical elements (1)
-
chemical ratios (2)
-
halogens
-
chlorine
-
chloride ion (1)
-
-
fluorine (1)
-
-
hydrogen
-
D/H (4)
-
tritium (1)
-
-
isotope ratios (56)
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
Al-26 (1)
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
-
Be-10 (6)
-
Be-10/Be-9 (1)
-
C-14 (10)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (2)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (2)
-
tritium (1)
-
U-238/U-234 (1)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
-
Be-10/Be-9 (1)
-
C-13/C-12 (29)
-
D/H (4)
-
He-3 (1)
-
He-4/He-3 (1)
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (4)
-
N-15/N-14 (1)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (8)
-
O-17/O-16 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (27)
-
Os-188/Os-187 (2)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (1)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (2)
-
S-34/S-32 (10)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (2)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (12)
-
-
-
metals
-
actinides
-
uranium
-
U-238/U-234 (1)
-
-
-
alkali metals
-
lithium (2)
-
potassium (2)
-
rubidium
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (2)
-
-
sodium (1)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
barium (2)
-
beryllium
-
Be-10 (6)
-
Be-10/Be-9 (1)
-
-
calcium (2)
-
magnesium (2)
-
strontium
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (2)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (12)
-
-
-
aluminum
-
Al-26 (1)
-
-
arsenic (1)
-
cobalt (1)
-
copper (1)
-
gold (3)
-
hafnium
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (4)
-
-
lead
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (1)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
-
-
manganese (2)
-
nickel (1)
-
platinum group
-
osmium
-
Os-188/Os-187 (2)
-
-
palladium (1)
-
palladium ores (2)
-
platinum ores (12)
-
-
precious metals (2)
-
rare earths
-
lutetium (1)
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (8)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (2)
-
-
samarium
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (2)
-
-
terbium (1)
-
-
silver (2)
-
zirconium (1)
-
-
nitrogen
-
N-15/N-14 (1)
-
-
noble gases
-
argon
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
-
-
helium
-
He-3 (1)
-
He-4/He-3 (1)
-
-
-
oxygen
-
O-17/O-16 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (27)
-
-
phosphorus (1)
-
selenium (1)
-
sulfur
-
S-34/S-32 (10)
-
-
-
fossils
-
bacteria (6)
-
borings (4)
-
burrows (2)
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Agnatha (1)
-
Tetrapoda
-
Aves
-
Neornithes
-
Neognathae
-
Sphenisciformes (1)
-
-
-
-
Mammalia (1)
-
Reptilia
-
Diapsida
-
Archosauria
-
dinosaurs
-
Ornithischia
-
Ornithopoda
-
Hadrosauridae (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
cyanobacteria (2)
-
Graptolithina
-
Graptoloidea (1)
-
-
Hemichordata (2)
-
ichnofossils
-
Chondrites ichnofossils (1)
-
Skolithos (1)
-
-
Invertebrata
-
Arthropoda
-
Mandibulata
-
Crustacea
-
Cirripedia (1)
-
Ostracoda (1)
-
-
-
-
Brachiopoda (2)
-
Cnidaria
-
Anthozoa
-
Zoantharia
-
Scleractinia (1)
-
-
-
-
Echinodermata
-
Crinozoa
-
Crinoidea (1)
-
-
-
Mollusca
-
Bivalvia (2)
-
Cephalopoda
-
Ammonoidea
-
Ammonites (1)
-
-
-
Gastropoda (1)
-
-
Porifera
-
Stromatoporoidea (1)
-
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera (6)
-
Radiolaria (1)
-
-
Vermes
-
Annelida (1)
-
-
-
Metazoa (1)
-
microfossils
-
Conodonta (6)
-
-
palynomorphs (4)
-
Plantae
-
algae
-
diatoms (3)
-
nannofossils (1)
-
-
Bryophyta (1)
-
Pteridophyta
-
Lycopsida
-
Lepidodendron (1)
-
-
-
-
Pterobranchia (2)
-
thallophytes (4)
-
tracks (1)
-
-
geochronology methods
-
(U-Th)/He (9)
-
Ar/Ar (36)
-
exposure age (7)
-
fission-track dating (15)
-
K/Ar (9)
-
Nd/Nd (1)
-
paleomagnetism (13)
-
Pb/Pb (7)
-
Pb/Th (1)
-
Rb/Sr (7)
-
Re/Os (3)
-
Sm/Nd (6)
-
Sr/Sr (1)
-
tephrochronology (1)
-
Th/U (2)
-
thermochronology (17)
-
thermoluminescence (1)
-
U/Pb (101)
-
U/Th/Pb (3)
-
uranium disequilibrium (1)
-
-
geologic age
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Cordilleran ice sheet (4)
-
Holocene
-
lower Holocene (1)
-
Middle Ages (1)
-
upper Holocene (5)
-
-
Pleistocene
-
Lake Agassiz (2)
-
Lake Missoula (4)
-
lower Pleistocene (2)
-
upper Pleistocene
-
Devensian (1)
-
Weichselian
-
upper Weichselian
-
Younger Dryas (2)
-
-
-
Wisconsinan
-
upper Wisconsinan
-
Fraser Glaciation (1)
-
-
-
-
-
upper Quaternary
-
Brunhes Chron (1)
-
-
-
Tertiary
-
lower Tertiary (2)
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
Antelope Shale (1)
-
Columbia River Basalt Group (7)
-
Grande Ronde Basalt (1)
-
Honda Group (1)
-
lower Miocene
-
Aquitanian (1)
-
Burdigalian (1)
-
-
middle Miocene
-
Langhian (1)
-
Serravallian (1)
-
-
Saddle Mountains Basalt (1)
-
Stevens Sandstone (2)
-
Surma Group (1)
-
upper Miocene
-
Modelo Formation (1)
-
Puente Formation (1)
-
-
Wanapum Basalt (1)
-
-
Pliocene
-
Cimmerian (1)
-
upper Pliocene (1)
-
-
Ringold Formation (1)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
Annot Sandstone (3)
-
lower Eocene
-
Ypresian
-
London Clay (1)
-
-
-
middle Eocene
-
Carrizo Sand (1)
-
Claiborne Group (1)
-
-
upper Eocene
-
Jackson Group (1)
-
-
-
lower Paleogene (1)
-
Oligocene
-
Frio Formation (1)
-
middle Oligocene (1)
-
upper Oligocene (2)
-
Vicksburg Group (1)
-
-
Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene
-
Danian (1)
-
K-T boundary (3)
-
-
upper Paleocene (1)
-
-
Sespe Formation (1)
-
Wilcox Group (1)
-
-
upper Tertiary (1)
-
-
Tulare Formation (1)
-
upper Cenozoic
-
Nihewan Formation (1)
-
-
Yakataga Formation (1)
-
-
Dalradian (2)
-
Lake Bonneville (1)
-
Laurentide ice sheet (2)
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Colorado Group (1)
-
Comanchean
-
Buda Limestone (1)
-
Edwards Formation (2)
-
Georgetown Formation (1)
-
Pearsall Formation (1)
-
-
Dakota Formation (2)
-
Hue Shale (1)
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Albian (2)
-
Aptian (1)
-
Bear River Formation (1)
-
Bluesky Formation (1)
-
Cadomin Formation (1)
-
Edwards Formation (2)
-
Georgetown Formation (1)
-
Gething Formation (2)
-
Inyan Kara Group (1)
-
Mannville Group (4)
-
McMurray Formation (1)
-
Muddy Sandstone (1)
-
Pearsall Formation (1)
-
Pebble Shale (1)
-
Sligo Formation (1)
-
Valanginian (1)
-
-
Mancos Shale (3)
-
Middle Cretaceous (3)
-
Nenjiang Formation (1)
-
Qingshankou Formation (1)
-
Quantou Formation (1)
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Belle Fourche Shale (1)
-
Belly River Formation (2)
-
Buda Limestone (1)
-
Campanian (2)
-
Cardium Formation (3)
-
Carlile Shale (2)
-
Cenomanian (1)
-
Colville Group (1)
-
Coniacian (1)
-
Eagle Sandstone (1)
-
Frontier Formation (2)
-
Gallup Sandstone (1)
-
Greenhorn Limestone (1)
-
Gulfian
-
Austin Chalk (1)
-
Austin Group (1)
-
Eagle Ford Formation (2)
-
-
Horseshoe Canyon Formation (1)
-
Judith River Formation (1)
-
Kodiak Formation (1)
-
K-T boundary (3)
-
Maestrichtian (3)
-
Mesaverde Group (1)
-
Milk River Formation (3)
-
Niobrara Formation (2)
-
Oldman Formation (1)
-
Senonian (3)
-
Tuolumne Intrusive Suite (6)
-
Turonian (3)
-
-
-
Franciscan Complex (3)
-
Glen Canyon Group (1)
-
Jurassic
-
Aztec Sandstone (1)
-
Coast Range Ophiolite (1)
-
Ferrar Group (1)
-
Kingak Shale (4)
-
Lower Jurassic
-
lower Liassic (1)
-
Pliensbachian (1)
-
Sinemurian (1)
-
Toarcian (2)
-
upper Liassic (1)
-
-
Middle Jurassic
-
Callovian (1)
-
Summerville Formation (1)
-
Todilto Formation (1)
-
-
San Rafael Group (1)
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Entrada Sandstone (1)
-
Kimmeridge Clay (2)
-
Kimmeridgian (2)
-
La Casita Formation (1)
-
Morrison Formation (2)
-
Naknek Formation (1)
-
Oxfordian (1)
-
Portlandian (1)
-
Smackover Formation (2)
-
Tithonian (1)
-
-
-
lower Mesozoic (3)
-
Navajo Sandstone (1)
-
Orocopia Schist (1)
-
Triassic
-
Charlie Lake Formation (2)
-
Lower Triassic
-
Griesbachian (1)
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (1)
-
-
Middle Triassic (1)
-
Moenkopi Formation (2)
-
Montney Formation (2)
-
Red Peak Formation (1)
-
Shublik Formation (3)
-
Upper Triassic
-
Baldonnel Formation (1)
-
Chinle Formation (3)
-
Mercia Mudstone (1)
-
Norian (1)
-
Pardonet Formation (1)
-
Rhaetian
-
Penarth Group (1)
-
-
Sag River Sandstone (1)
-
-
-
-
MIS 2 (2)
-
MIS 6 (1)
-
Moldanubian (1)
-
Paleozoic
-
Arbuckle Group (1)
-
Berea Sandstone (2)
-
Cambrian
-
Kanmantoo Group (1)
-
Lower Cambrian
-
Zabriskie Quartzite (1)
-
-
Middle Cambrian (2)
-
Upper Cambrian (2)
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Albert Formation (2)
-
Bartlesville Sand (1)
-
Lower Carboniferous
-
Dinantian (1)
-
-
Mississippian
-
Barnett Shale (1)
-
Big Injun Sandstone (1)
-
Lower Mississippian
-
Cuyahoga Formation (1)
-
Fort Payne Formation (1)
-
Kayak Shale (1)
-
Kekiktuk Conglomerate (1)
-
Kinderhookian
-
Banff Formation (1)
-
-
Lodgepole Formation (2)
-
Pocono Formation (2)
-
Tournaisian (2)
-
-
Madison Group (5)
-
Middle Mississippian
-
Visean (1)
-
-
Mission Canyon Limestone (3)
-
Sunbury Shale (1)
-
Upper Mississippian
-
Mauch Chunk Formation (1)
-
-
-
Namurian (1)
-
Pennsylvanian
-
Conemaugh Group (2)
-
Lower Pennsylvanian
-
Crab Orchard Mountains Group (1)
-
Gizzard Group (1)
-
Haymond Formation (1)
-
Morrowan (2)
-
-
Middle Pennsylvanian
-
Allegheny Group (2)
-
Moscovian (1)
-
-
Monongahela Group (2)
-
Pittsburgh Coal (1)
-
Pottsville Group (1)
-
Smithwick Shale (1)
-
Upper Pennsylvanian
-
Ames Limestone (1)
-
Glenshaw Formation (1)
-
Gzhelian (1)
-
Kasimovian (1)
-
Missourian
-
Wann Formation (1)
-
-
-
-
Upper Carboniferous
-
Stephanian (1)
-
Westphalian (1)
-
-
Wahoo Limestone (1)
-
-
Catskill Formation (1)
-
Devonian
-
Gile Mountain Formation (1)
-
Lower Devonian
-
Oriskany Sandstone (5)
-
-
Middle Devonian
-
Tully Limestone (1)
-
-
Popovich Formation (1)
-
Slave Point Formation (2)
-
Upper Devonian
-
Domanik Formation (2)
-
Famennian
-
upper Famennian (1)
-
-
Frasnian
-
Leduc Formation (1)
-
-
Ohio Shale (1)
-
Olentangy Shale (1)
-
-
-
Dunkard Group (2)
-
Endicott Group (1)
-
Exshaw Formation (1)
-
Gfohl Unit (1)
-
Hanson Creek Formation (1)
-
Helderberg Group (2)
-
Hunton Group (1)
-
Keyser Limestone (1)
-
Knox Group (1)
-
Lisburne Group (4)
-
lower Paleozoic
-
Conococheague Formation (1)
-
Rose Run Sandstone (1)
-
-
New Albany Shale (1)
-
Ordovician
-
Ely Springs Dolomite (1)
-
Eureka Quartzite (2)
-
Lower Ordovician
-
Ellenburger Group (2)
-
Manitou Formation (1)
-
-
Martinsburg Formation (1)
-
Middle Ordovician
-
Chazyan (1)
-
Millbrig Bentonite Bed (1)
-
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Mohawkian (1)
-
Red River Formation (3)
-
Yeoman Formation (1)
-
-
Valmy Formation (1)
-
Vinini Formation (1)
-
-
Permian
-
Castile Formation (1)
-
Ecca Group (1)
-
Echooka Formation (2)
-
Guadalupian
-
Capitan Formation (1)
-
Grayburg Formation (1)
-
Queen Formation (1)
-
Seven Rivers Formation (1)
-
Tansill Formation (2)
-
-
Kaibab Formation (1)
-
Khuff Formation (1)
-
Lower Permian
-
Cisuralian (1)
-
Wolfcampian (1)
-
-
Middle Permian (1)
-
Park City Formation (1)
-
Rotliegendes (1)
-
Unayzah Formation (1)
-
Upper Permian
-
Cadeby Formation (1)
-
Changxing Formation (1)
-
Lopingian (1)
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (1)
-
Zechstein (2)
-
-
Yates Formation (1)
-
-
Silurian
-
Lockport Formation (1)
-
Lower Silurian
-
Llandovery (1)
-
Tuscarora Formation (4)
-
-
Middle Silurian
-
Clinton Group (2)
-
McKenzie Formation (1)
-
Roberts Mountains Formation (2)
-
-
Niagaran (1)
-
Upper Silurian
-
Cayugan
-
Tonoloway Limestone (1)
-
-
Salina Group (1)
-
-
-
Tensleep Sandstone (1)
-
Tippecanoe Sequence (1)
-
upper Paleozoic
-
Admire Group (1)
-
Antrim Shale (1)
-
Bakken Formation (2)
-
Shanxi Formation (1)
-
-
Waits River Formation (1)
-
Wissahickon Formation (1)
-
Woodford Shale (1)
-
-
Phanerozoic (4)
-
Precambrian
-
Archean
-
Aravalli System (1)
-
Fig Tree Group (1)
-
Gilman Formation (1)
-
Iron Ore Group (1)
-
Kalgoorlie System (1)
-
Mesoarchean (3)
-
Neoarchean
-
Dharwar Supergroup (1)
-
-
Paleoarchean (5)
-
Taihua Group (1)
-
Warrawoona Group (2)
-
-
Central Rand Group (1)
-
Kingston Peak Formation (1)
-
Lewisian Complex (1)
-
Onverwacht Group (2)
-
Pongola Supergroup (2)
-
Purcell System (1)
-
Stirling Quartzite (2)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Bambui Group (1)
-
Damara System (1)
-
Lewisian (5)
-
Mesoproterozoic
-
Belt Supergroup (2)
-
Bonner Formation (1)
-
Helena Formation (1)
-
Newland Limestone (1)
-
-
Miette Group (1)
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Cryogenian (2)
-
Ediacaran (4)
-
Hadrynian (1)
-
Marinoan (1)
-
Moine Supergroup (1)
-
Moinian (6)
-
Riphean (2)
-
Sturtian (1)
-
Tonian (2)
-
Torridonian (1)
-
Vendian (5)
-
-
Paleoproterozoic (15)
-
Pocatello Formation (1)
-
Roan Supergroup (1)
-
-
-
Wasekwan Group (1)
-
-
Saxothuringian (1)
-
Vindhyan (1)
-
-
igneous rocks
-
igneous rocks
-
carbonatites (1)
-
kimberlite (2)
-
plutonic rocks
-
appinite (1)
-
diabase (4)
-
diorites
-
quartz diorites (3)
-
tonalite (5)
-
-
gabbros
-
norite (2)
-
troctolite (1)
-
-
granites
-
aplite (1)
-
A-type granites (3)
-
charnockite (2)
-
leucogranite (5)
-
monzogranite (1)
-
-
granodiorites (11)
-
lamproite (1)
-
monzodiorite (2)
-
pegmatite (11)
-
quartz monzonite (1)
-
syenites (3)
-
ultramafics
-
chromitite (1)
-
peridotites
-
dunite (2)
-
harzburgite (1)
-
-
pyroxenite
-
orthopyroxenite (1)
-
-
-
-
porphyry (3)
-
volcanic rocks
-
andesites (2)
-
basalts
-
columnar basalt (1)
-
flood basalts (5)
-
mid-ocean ridge basalts (1)
-
tholeiitic basalt (1)
-
trap rocks (1)
-
-
dacites (1)
-
glasses
-
volcanic glass (1)
-
-
komatiite (4)
-
pyroclastics
-
ash-flow tuff (4)
-
ignimbrite (4)
-
pumice (1)
-
tuff (6)
-
-
rhyodacites (2)
-
rhyolites (4)
-
-
-
ophiolite (9)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metamorphic rocks
-
amphibolites (9)
-
cataclasites (2)
-
eclogite (1)
-
gneisses
-
augen gneiss (1)
-
banded gneiss (1)
-
granite gneiss (2)
-
orthogneiss (4)
-
paragneiss (3)
-
-
granulites (3)
-
hornfels (1)
-
impactites
-
impact breccia
-
suevite (1)
-
-
-
marbles (3)
-
metaigneous rocks
-
metabasalt (2)
-
metagabbro (3)
-
metagranite (1)
-
metaperidotite (1)
-
metapyroxenite (1)
-
metatuff (1)
-
serpentinite (1)
-
-
metaplutonic rocks (1)
-
metasedimentary rocks
-
metapelite (2)
-
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Primary terms
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metal ores
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North America
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Ocean Drilling Program
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Leg 150
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ODP Site 902 (1)
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Leg 155 (1)
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ocean floors (25)
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Niue (1)
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oceanography (2)
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Paleozoic
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Carboniferous
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Kinderhookian
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Middle Mississippian
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Upper Mississippian
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Upper Pennsylvanian
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Missourian
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Upper Carboniferous
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Stephanian (1)
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Wahoo Limestone (1)
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Catskill Formation (1)
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Devonian
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Lower Devonian
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Oriskany Sandstone (5)
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Middle Devonian
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Popovich Formation (1)
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Upper Devonian
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Domanik Formation (2)
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Famennian
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upper Famennian (1)
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Frasnian
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Leduc Formation (1)
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Ohio Shale (1)
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Dunkard Group (2)
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lower Paleozoic
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Conococheague Formation (1)
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Ordovician
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Upper Ordovician
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Permian
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Niagaran (1)
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Upper Silurian
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Tensleep Sandstone (1)
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upper Paleozoic
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Precambrian
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GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Epoch and Age
Book Series
Date
Availability
plunge pools
Mass balance controls on sediment scour and bedrock erosion in waterfall plunge pools Available to Purchase
Cascades and plunge pools on the continental slope of the Gulf of Alaska Available to Purchase
Plunge pools and paleoprecipitation Available to Purchase
(A–E) Plunge pools with fine-grained fills and coarse-grained bars in the S... Available to Purchase
Aerial view (vertical) of boulder lags (B), potholes (FW) plunge pools (FP)... Available to Purchase
Plunge pools (FP) at edge of till plateau. Note boulder lag (B) on floor of... Available to Purchase
Aerial view (vertical) of till plateaus (TP) flanked by plunge pools (FP), ... Available to Purchase
Sculpted slopes (SS), fossil plunge pools (FP), esker (E) and boulder lag (... Available to Purchase
(A) Schematic of pool scour and aggradation. (B,C) Plunge pool and river se... Available to Purchase
North end of boulder plateau showing sculpted slope (SS) and plunge pool (F... Available to Purchase
Figure 10. Schematic diagram of vertical plunge-pool erosion resulting in n... Available to Purchase
Measured vs. predicted ( Eq. 13 ) plunge-pool heights normalized by the col... Available to Purchase
(A) Schematic of waterfall retreat via plunge pool undercutting. (B) Unokon... Available to Purchase
Formation of amphitheater-headed valleys by waterfall erosion after large-scale slumping on Hawai‘i Available to Purchase
Large-scale effects of subglacial meltwater flow in the southern Slave Province, Northwest Territories, Canada Available to Purchase
Figure 13. This photo, taken below panels 71–72, shows the plunge pool exca... Available to Purchase
Figure 21. The plunge pool deepens toward the foundation interface and outf... Available to Purchase
A salty snapshot: extreme variations in basal erosion patterns preserved in a submarine channel Open Access
Variation of Modern Turbidite Systems Along the Subduction Zone Margin of Cascadia Basin and Implications for Turbidite Reservoir Beds Available to Purchase
Abstract Cascadia Basin contains a variety of turbidite systems located from Vancouver Island, Canada to Cape Mendocino California, USA. These systems have been studied with multibeam bathymetry, sidescan sonar, high-resolution seismic profiles, and piston cores. On the Washington margin, multiple canyon sources funnel turbidites into Cascadia Channel, a single high-relief deep-sea channel, that extends across Cascadia Basin and cuts through Blanco Fracture Zone. Astoria Canyon feeds Astoria Fan, a submarine fan with channel splays and depositional lobes which fill the subduction zone trench off Oregon. Both of these large turbidite systems (1000 km length) prograde mainly southward parallel to the margin in northern Cascadia Basin. In south Cascadia Basin, small turbidite systems (5-50 km) prograde perpendicular to the margin. Rogue Canyon feeds a small (<5 km) base-of-slope apron. Trinidad and Eel canyons feed into plunge pools and sediment wave fields that extend tens of km radially out from the canyon mouth. A channel-levee complex drains the Eel sediment waves and feeds into a sandrich lobe. Mendicino Channel, a connecting channel-levee complex without distal lobes, traverses the base of Mendocino Escarpment at the triple junction. Turbidite systems from the Rogue River north contain 13 correlative post-Mazama turbidite events based on the first occurrence of Mazama Ash (MA) at about 7530 calendar yr BP. Another 12,300 calendar yr datum, at approximately the Pleistocene/Holocene boundary (H/P), is found throughout Cascadia Basin. Based on these datums, turbidite events appear to be triggered by seismic events on average every 600 years in northern Cascadia Basin and progressively more often toward the Mendocino Triple Junction (i.e in Trinidad pool every 492 yr, in Eel lobe every 246 yr and in Mendocino Channel every 40-65 yr) The correlation of turbidite events can be used to compare bedding continuity within systems and between different systems to provide important implications for turbidite reservoir characteristics. The progressive loss of post MA turbidites down the proximal 150 km of Astoria Channel suggests that during this time, downfan continuity in turbidite beds is less in fan channels compared to Cascadia Channel where all 13 post-MA beds are continuous throughout the deep-sea channel. In contrast, both deep-sea and fan channels exhibit cut and fill in proximal regions, sediment bypassing and down channel dropout of beds during the Pleistocene. As a result, high sand:shale ratios (1:1 to 3:1) are found in distal fan lobes during the Pleistocene whereas low ratios are found during the Holocene. Good lateral bedding continuity is found throughout the Rogue apron that is undisrupted by channels. Turbidite events are twice as common in plunge pools compared to the downstream sediment waves, which suggests a loss of bedding continuity in sediment waves that is analogous to that in channel levees. However, in the case of the Eel system, when the pool and waves are drained by a channel-levee complex, the highest frequency of turbidite beds and sand:shale ratios (1.8:1) are found in the distal lobe. Sand:Shale ratios and frequency of events suggest that during the Pleistocene, sediment erosion and bypassing took place in the pools compared to the infilling of the Holocene. The greatest Holocene infilling rate takes place in Mendocino Channel where turbidite events occur every few decades and sand:shale ratios are 2.5:1.