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plunge pools

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Journal Article
Journal: Geology
Published: 19 May 2021
Geology (2021) 49 (9): 1084–1088.
...Joel S. Scheingross; Michael P. Lamb Abstract Waterfall plunge pools experience cycles of sediment aggradation and scour that modulate bedrock erosion, habitat availability, and hazard potential. We calculate sediment flux divergence to evaluate the conditions under which pools deposit and scour...
FIGURES | View All (4)
Series: Geological Society, London, Memoirs
Published: 01 January 2016
EISBN: 9781862397088
... of the processes on a tectonically active, glaciated margin. In the course of these surveys several morphological features, similar to cascades and plunge pools found beneath terrestrial waterfalls, were identified on the continental slope. Description Although several cascade-like features are seen along...
Journal Article
Journal: Geology
Published: 01 November 1994
Geology (1994) 22 (11): 1047–1050.
...Jonathan Nott; David Price Abstract Sedimentary sequences in the form of ridges or terraces surrounding plunge pools at the base of waterfalls can provide records of past discharge and as a consequence an indirect measure of rainfall variations over many thousands of years. Waves generated...
Image
(A–E) Plunge pools with fine-grained fills and coarse-grained bars in the San Gabriel Mountains, California, USA (A–C), Nahal Heimar, Israel (D), and Siete Tazas, Chile (E). White dashed lines indicates the boundary between relatively fine sediment deposited in the plunge pool and coarse sediment deposited in the bar immediately downstream of the plunge pool. Note the presence of people (circled) in A for scale. (F,G) Grain-size distribution for pools in the San Gabriel Mountains (Table S2 [see footnote 1]). CA—California. Photos in C and D were provided by B. Pelletier and G. Vergara Muñoz, respectively.
Published: 19 May 2021
Figure 1. (A–E) Plunge pools with fine-grained fills and coarse-grained bars in the San Gabriel Mountains, California, USA (A–C), Nahal Heimar, Israel (D), and Siete Tazas, Chile (E). White dashed lines indicates the boundary between relatively fine sediment deposited in the plunge pool
Image
Aerial view (vertical) of boulder lags (B), potholes (FW) plunge pools (FP). SS, sculpted slope; T(B), till blanket with boulder-covered surface. Head of FPA is about 30 m above lake. Direction of subglacial meltwater flow indicated by arrow.
Published: 01 April 2000
Fig. 16. Aerial view (vertical) of boulder lags (B), potholes (FW) plunge pools (FP). SS, sculpted slope; T(B), till blanket with boulder-covered surface. Head of FPA is about 30 m above lake. Direction of subglacial meltwater flow indicated by arrow.
Image
Plunge pools (FP) at edge of till plateau. Note boulder lag (B) on floor of plunge pool and on flats in foreground. Also, concentration of boulders on upland surface. Plunge pool is located at FPA on Fig. 16. Further headward erosion would have lead to development of tunnel channel crossing till plateau.
Published: 01 April 2000
Fig. 17. Plunge pools (FP) at edge of till plateau. Note boulder lag (B) on floor of plunge pool and on flats in foreground. Also, concentration of boulders on upland surface. Plunge pool is located at FPA on Fig.  16 . Further headward erosion would have lead to development of tunnel channel
Image
Aerial view (vertical) of till plateaus (TP) flanked by plunge pools (FP), inverted plunge pools (FW), tunnel channels (TC) and sculpted slopes (SS). A boulder lag (B) covers much of the surrounding lowlands. Note that many of the plunge pools may owe their present extent to the amalgamation of smaller potholes and plunge pools. T, till blanket; T(B), till blanket covered by boulders; E, esker. Hillcrest at X stands about 45 m above lake at Y. Direction of subglacial meltwater flow indicated by arrow.
Published: 01 April 2000
Fig. 21. Aerial view (vertical) of till plateaus (TP) flanked by plunge pools (FP), inverted plunge pools (FW), tunnel channels (TC) and sculpted slopes (SS). A boulder lag (B) covers much of the surrounding lowlands. Note that many of the plunge pools may owe their present extent
Image
Sculpted slopes (SS), fossil plunge pools (FP), esker (E) and boulder lag (B) flanking till plateaus (TP). Boulders are commonly up to 2 m in diameter.For location see esker labelled as E1 on Fig. 21. Direction of subglacial meltwater flow indicated by arrow.
Published: 01 April 2000
Fig. 22. Sculpted slopes (SS), fossil plunge pools (FP), esker (E) and boulder lag (B) flanking till plateaus (TP). Boulders are commonly up to 2 m in diameter.For location see esker labelled as E1 on Fig.  21 . Direction of subglacial meltwater flow indicated by arrow.
Image
(A) Schematic of pool scour and aggradation. (B,C) Plunge pool and river sediment-transport capacity for deep and shallow pool. Gray shading shows variability in the sediment transport capacities of waterfall plunge pools (Qsc_pool) for 0.03 < τ*c_pool (critical Shields stress for incipient motion in plunge pools) < 0.06. Circles show the transition from plunge-pool sediment aggradation to sediment scour at high discharge (Qw_scour); square shows transition aggradation to scour at low discharge (Qw_agg).
Published: 19 May 2021
Figure 2. (A) Schematic of pool scour and aggradation. (B,C) Plunge pool and river sediment-transport capacity for deep and shallow pool. Gray shading shows variability in the sediment transport capacities of waterfall plunge pools ( Q sc_pool ) for 0.03 < τ *c_pool (critical Shields stress
Image
North end of boulder plateau showing sculpted slope (SS) and plunge pool (FP). Note complex esker (E) near crest of plunge pool and boulder stream (BS) connected to the downflow end of the plunge pool. Note faint transverse gravel ridges to the right of FP. Crest of plateau is 45 m above pond.
Published: 01 April 2000
Fig. 20. North end of boulder plateau showing sculpted slope (SS) and plunge pool (FP). Note complex esker (E) near crest of plunge pool and boulder stream (BS) connected to the downflow end of the plunge pool. Note faint transverse gravel ridges to the right of FP. Crest of plateau is 45 m above
Image
Figure 10. Schematic diagram of vertical plunge-pool erosion resulting in net upslope headwall retreat as given by Equation 4. There are two plunge pools (m = 2) of depth η for the particular case shown. Vertical erosion in each plunge pool acts over an area, per unit width, d, assuming the plunge pools are of roughly the same diameter. After a time ▵t (shown by dashed lines), a net volume of eroded material per unit width is given by (E1 + E2)d▵t, or equivalently mEd▵t, where E is the average plunge-pool erosion rate. As shown by the thin lines, this eroded volume is equivalent to a headwall propagation rate P acting over the total area of the propagating headwall (per unit width) H in time ▵t. Note that the sum of the heights of the waterfalls is equal to the total height of the headwall, or equivalently the product of the average waterfall height h and the total number of waterfalls (i.e., h1 + h2 + h3 = H = [m + 1]h).
Published: 01 July 2007
Figure 10. Schematic diagram of vertical plunge-pool erosion resulting in net upslope headwall retreat as given by Equation 4 . There are two plunge pools ( m = 2) of depth η for the particular case shown. Vertical erosion in each plunge pool acts over an area, per unit width, d , assuming
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Measured vs. predicted (Eq. 13) plunge-pool heights normalized by the column height. The results for L = 9.7 cm are not shown, since large η/h disturbed the formation of the plunge pool (see text for details). The line represents a 1:1 correlation.
Published: 01 July 2009
Figure 8. Measured vs. predicted ( Eq. 13 ) plunge-pool heights normalized by the column height. The results for L = 9.7 cm are not shown, since large η/ h disturbed the formation of the plunge pool (see text for details). The line represents a 1:1 correlation.
Image
(A) Schematic of waterfall retreat via plunge pool undercutting. (B) Unokonotaki (Kumamoto, Japan) and (C) Niagara Falls (USA-Canada) both retreat via headwall undercutting and caprock collapse. (D) Schematic of retreat via development of new, vertically drilled cyclic steps. (E) Oiran-buchi (Hokkaido, Japan) and (F) South Fork Silver Creek (California, USA) show retreat likely driven by creation of new cyclic steps upstream of original waterfall.
Published: 26 May 2023
Figure 1. (A) Schematic of waterfall retreat via plunge pool undercutting. (B) Unokonotaki (Kumamoto, Japan) and (C) Niagara Falls (USA-Canada) both retreat via headwall undercutting and caprock collapse. (D) Schematic of retreat via development of new, vertically drilled cyclic steps. (E) Oiran
Journal Article
Journal: GSA Bulletin
Published: 01 July 2007
GSA Bulletin (2007) 119 (7-8): 805–822.
...Figure 10. Schematic diagram of vertical plunge-pool erosion resulting in net upslope headwall retreat as given by Equation 4 . There are two plunge pools ( m = 2) of depth η for the particular case shown. Vertical erosion in each plunge pool acts over an area, per unit width, d , assuming...
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Journal Article
Published: 01 April 2000
Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (2000) 37 (1): 81–93.
...Fig. 16. Aerial view (vertical) of boulder lags (B), potholes (FW) plunge pools (FP). SS, sculpted slope; T(B), till blanket with boulder-covered surface. Head of FPA is about 30 m above lake. Direction of subglacial meltwater flow indicated by arrow. ...
FIGURES | View All (23)
Image
Figure 13. This photo, taken below panels 71–72, shows the plunge pool excavated beneath the parapet wall, which completely undermined the wall and is the basis for Figure 16 (photo courtesy of David J. Hoffman).
Published: 01 August 2010
Figure 13. This photo, taken below panels 71–72, shows the plunge pool excavated beneath the parapet wall, which completely undermined the wall and is the basis for Figure 16 (photo courtesy of David J. Hoffman).
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Figure 21. The plunge pool deepens toward the foundation interface and outflow has exposed much of the underlying bedrock, which is then scoured, exposing zones of saprolite.
Published: 01 August 2010
Figure 21. The plunge pool deepens toward the foundation interface and outflow has exposed much of the underlying bedrock, which is then scoured, exposing zones of saprolite.
Journal Article
Published: 08 February 2024
Journal of the Geological Society (2024) 181 (2): jgs2023-006.
...Junia Casagrande; David M. Hodgson; Jeff Peakall Abstract The bases of active submarine channels are marked by large erosional features, such as knickpoints and plunge pools. However, their presence in ancient channel-fills has rarely been documented, so their importance in submarine channel...
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Series: SEPM Gulf Coast Section Publications
Published: 01 December 2000
DOI: 10.5724/gcs.00.15.0714
EISBN: 978-0-9836097-0-4
.... Trinidad and Eel canyons feed into plunge pools and sediment wave fields that extend tens of km radially out from the canyon mouth. A channel-levee complex drains the Eel sediment waves and feeds into a sandrich lobe. Mendicino Channel, a connecting channel-levee complex without distal lobes, traverses...
Journal Article
Journal: Geology
Published: 26 May 2023
Geology (2023) 51 (7): 693–697.
...Figure 1. (A) Schematic of waterfall retreat via plunge pool undercutting. (B) Unokonotaki (Kumamoto, Japan) and (C) Niagara Falls (USA-Canada) both retreat via headwall undercutting and caprock collapse. (D) Schematic of retreat via development of new, vertically drilled cyclic steps. (E) Oiran...
FIGURES | View All (4)