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![First thumbnail for: Alpersite (Mg,Cu)SO 4 ·7H 2 O, a new mineral of th...]()
![Second thumbnail for: Alpersite (Mg,Cu)SO 4 ·7H 2 O, a new mineral of th...]()
![Third thumbnail for: Alpersite (Mg,Cu)SO 4 ·7H 2 O, a new mineral of th...]()
![Comparison of the chains of alternating MgO2(H2O)4 octahedra and SO4 tetrahedra in (a) cranswickite and (b) pentahydrite. The chain periodicity is 12.2 Å in the cranswickite and 10.8 Å in pentahydrite even though the polyhedra are of similar size. This is due to the increased kinking of the chain in pentahydrite (Table 8). The starkeyite structure (c) consists of four-membered rings instead of chains.]()
![Comparison of the crystal structures of (a) cranswickite and (b) pentahydrite. This projection is along the chains of alternating octahedra and tetrahedra. The water molecules not involved in coordinating magnesium atoms in pentahydrite are shown as spheres. The topology of these two structures is very similar and as the water is removed from the pentahydrite structure (b) the chains move closer together and become straighter in cranswickite (a). In these drawings, tone can see that the chains made up of sulfate tetrahedra with magnesium octahedra are more linear in cranswickite.]()
![The phase diagram MgSO4-CuSO4-H2O at 30 °C determined by Minguzzi (1948) and modified from I-M. Chou (pers. comm. 2003). Minerals with 7H2O are indicated by a square or diamond. Minerals with 5H2O are indicated by triangles. Solutions are indicated by open circles. Tie lines connect solution compositions, from experiment, in equilibrium with the solids (small squares or diamonds). The composition of alpersite from the Big Mike mine (large open square) and the alpersite which crystallized from the solution obtained from the Miami material (large open diamond) are shown to fall very close to the compositions observed to be stable in the experimental system (small black squares). Alpersite is in equilibrium with solution and chalcanthite (CuSO4·5H2O) (field marked A) or with solution and epsomite (field marked B). The composition of cuprian pentahydrite from Miami (Arizona) is connected by a line to the composition of the alpersite recrystallized from solution. The cuprian pentahydrite observed by Milton and Johnston (1938) falls on the dashed line from pentahydrite (MgSO4·5H2O) to chalcanthite. These minerals most likely represent the dehydration product of alpersite. The experimental data show only limited substitution along the alpersiteepsomite join.]()
![Sprays of bladed redcanyonite with bluish-green devilline, and white pentahydrite. Horizontal field of view is ~1.2 mm.]()
![First thumbnail for: Redcanyonite, (NH 4 ) 2 Mn[(UO 2 ) 4 O 4 (SO 4 ) 2...]()
![Second thumbnail for: Redcanyonite, (NH 4 ) 2 Mn[(UO 2 ) 4 O 4 (SO 4 ) 2...]()
![Third thumbnail for: Redcanyonite, (NH 4 ) 2 Mn[(UO 2 ) 4 O 4 (SO 4 ) 2...]()
![First thumbnail for: Cranswickite MgSO 4 ·4H 2 O, a new mineral from Ca...]()
![Second thumbnail for: Cranswickite MgSO 4 ·4H 2 O, a new mineral from Ca...]()
![Third thumbnail for: Cranswickite MgSO 4 ·4H 2 O, a new mineral from Ca...]()
![Arrangement of the [M2+(SO4)(H2O)4] chain structural unit in the mineral pentahydrite in (a) the ab plane, and (b) in bc plane. The color of the polyhedra and plus and negative signs in the polyhedral (left) and polarity model (right) are the same as in Figure 4. The interstitial (H2O) groups are drawn as blue circles, and the hydrogen bonds are indicated as dashed lines.]()
![Occurrence of hydrated Mg-sulfates at section DP2. (a) Photo of a plane perpendicular to the weathered surface of DP2 section excavated for in situ Raman investigation. (b) Photo of weathered material from section DP2, whitish pseudomorphic crystals come from hexahydrite dehydration, and darker-colored halite crystals persist from weathering. (c) In situ Raman spectra of Mg-sulfates [assigned based on Wang et al. (2006c)], and the markers on photo A (Ks = kieserite; Sa = sanderite; St = starkeyite; Pt = pentahydrite; and Hx = hexahydrite) show where the spectra were obtained. Epsomite cannot be distinguished in situ from hexahydrite due to limited spectral accuracy of the portable Raman spectrometer (Wang et al. 2006c) and epsomite was ruled out after the XRD and petrographic microscope analysis on collected samples. (d) Major sulfate peaks of Raman spectra in c with peaks indicated. (Color online.)]()
![(a) Mössbauer spectra and Fe2+ coordination polyhedra in sulfates with Δ values larger than 2.70 mm/s. Polyhedra were created using CrystalMaker software and data from the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database: szomolnokite, szmikite, gunningite (Wildner and Giester 1991), chalcanthite (Bacon and Titterton 1975), and pentahydrite (Peterson et al. 2006). O atoms are shown in red, H in pink, Mg in yellow, Cu in purple, and Fe and Zn in orange. (b) Mössbauer spectra and Fe2+ coordination polyhedra in sulfates with highest Δ values. Polyhedra were created using CrystalMaker software and data from the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database: halotrichite (Lovas 1986), jokokuite (Caminiti et al. 1982), römerite (Fanfani et al. 1970), melanterite (Peterson 2003), rozenite (Baur 1962), and starkeyite (Baur 1962). O atoms are shown in red, OH in gray, H in pink, Mg in yellow, Al in blue, and Fe in orange. (Color online.)]()
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![First thumbnail for: Determination of the crystal structure of sanderit...]()
![First thumbnail for: Sulfate-bearing deposits at Dalangtan Playa and th...]()
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![Third thumbnail for: Sulfate-bearing deposits at Dalangtan Playa and th...]()
![First thumbnail for: Structure determination of the 2.5 hydrate MgSO 4 ...]()
![First thumbnail for: Evolution of fumarolic anhydrous copper sulfate mi...]()
![Second thumbnail for: Evolution of fumarolic anhydrous copper sulfate mi...]()
![Third thumbnail for: Evolution of fumarolic anhydrous copper sulfate mi...]()
![First thumbnail for: Metal-sulfate Salts from Sulfide Mineral Oxidation]()
![Second thumbnail for: Metal-sulfate Salts from Sulfide Mineral Oxidation]()
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Journal Article
Alpersite (Mg,Cu)SO 4 ·7H 2 O, a new mineral of the melanterite group, and cuprian pentahydrite: Their occurrence within mine waste Available to Purchase
Journal: American Mineralogist
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Published: 01 February 2006
American Mineralogist (2006) 91 (2-3): 261–269.
... distortion of M2 is consistent with 72% Cu occupancy when compared with the site-distortion data of substituted melanterite. Cuprian pentahydrite, with the formula (Mg 0.49 Cu 0.41 Mn 0.08 Zn 0.02 )SO 4 ·5H 2 O, was collected from an efflorescent rim on a depression that had held water in a large waste-rock...
FIGURES
Image
Comparison of the chains of alternating MgO 2 (H 2 O) 4 octahedra and SO 4... Available to Purchase
Published: 01 May 2011
F igure 6. Comparison of the chains of alternating MgO 2 (H 2 O) 4 octahedra and SO 4 tetrahedra in ( a ) cranswickite and ( b ) pentahydrite. The chain periodicity is 12.2 Å in the cranswickite and 10.8 Å in pentahydrite even though the polyhedra are of similar size. This is due
Image
Comparison of the crystal structures of ( a ) cranswickite and ( b ) pentah... Available to Purchase
Published: 01 May 2011
F igure 7. Comparison of the crystal structures of ( a ) cranswickite and ( b ) pentahydrite. This projection is along the chains of alternating octahedra and tetrahedra. The water molecules not involved in coordinating magnesium atoms in pentahydrite are shown as spheres. The topology
Image
The phase diagram MgSO 4 -CuSO 4 -H 2 O at 30 °C determined by Minguzzi (1... Available to Purchase
in Alpersite (Mg,Cu)SO 4 ·7H 2 O, a new mineral of the melanterite group, and cuprian pentahydrite: Their occurrence within mine waste
> American Mineralogist
Published: 01 February 2006
to fall very close to the compositions observed to be stable in the experimental system (small black squares). Alpersite is in equilibrium with solution and chalcanthite (CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O) (field marked A) or with solution and epsomite (field marked B). The composition of cuprian pentahydrite from Miami
Image
Sprays of bladed redcanyonite with bluish-green devilline, and white pentah... Available to Purchase
in Redcanyonite, (NH 4 ) 2 Mn[(UO 2 ) 4 O 4 (SO 4 ) 2 ](H 2 O) 4 , a new zippeite-group mineral from the Blue Lizard mine, San Juan County, Utah, USA
> Mineralogical Magazine
Published: 01 December 2018
Fig. 3. Sprays of bladed redcanyonite with bluish-green devilline, and white pentahydrite. Horizontal field of view is ~1.2 mm.
Journal Article
Redcanyonite, (NH 4 ) 2 Mn[(UO 2 ) 4 O 4 (SO 4 ) 2 ](H 2 O) 4 , a new zippeite-group mineral from the Blue Lizard mine, San Juan County, Utah, USA Available to Purchase
Journal: Mineralogical Magazine
Published: 01 December 2018
Mineralogical Magazine (2018) 82 (6): 1261–1275.
...Fig. 3. Sprays of bladed redcanyonite with bluish-green devilline, and white pentahydrite. Horizontal field of view is ~1.2 mm. ...
FIGURES
Journal Article
Cranswickite MgSO 4 ·4H 2 O, a new mineral from Calingasta, Argentina Available to Purchase
Journal: American Mineralogist
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Published: 01 May 2011
American Mineralogist (2011) 96 (5-6): 869–877.
...F igure 6. Comparison of the chains of alternating MgO 2 (H 2 O) 4 octahedra and SO 4 tetrahedra in ( a ) cranswickite and ( b ) pentahydrite. The chain periodicity is 12.2 Å in the cranswickite and 10.8 Å in pentahydrite even though the polyhedra are of similar size. This is due...
FIGURES
Image
![Arrangement of the [M2+(SO4)(H2O)4] chain structural unit in the mineral pentahydrite in (a) the ab plane, and (b) in bc plane. The color of the polyhedra and plus and negative signs in the polyhedral (left) and polarity model (right) are the same as in Figure 4. The interstitial (H2O) groups are drawn as blue circles, and the hydrogen bonds are indicated as dashed lines.](https://gsw.silverchair-cdn.com/gsw/Content_public/Journal/canmin/44/6/10.2113_gscanmin.44.6.1403/2/s_1403fig5.jpeg?Expires=2147483647&Signature=z4tJFnweGmpl4ip5w7n22C88fj~IcRq1a0bBYVFNO8fWDA17e7nWSBKPKXTrDcHQOCH28PxbVJgts-YVOabFOwkrn3znvZoNxlw1LmuaOrnLhFVrZMLVt--oMcOyctWpUcve9rIptZOaj8~esIJblWfD-eRK6qD0YtwDYUAb5ANMocDW2ZB1NRyzUR0dby6lanpfHQkLABSK8KX7BRBM3X-NlFwyAD87I7srjE9g1YdusB94RdtZNv6nmr2g~S0BEdsfkWknyF~9zZOgWA9RUKAFpPj9h-jibFP23EfCbcTx3BN75QZv561pxlYNxzlvdQfiOw3IvB2vZvMyyxsn~A__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAIE5G5CRDK6RD3PGA)
Arrangement of the [ M 2+ (SO 4 )(H 2 O) 4 ] chain structural unit in the ... Available to Purchase
Published: 01 December 2006
F ig . 5. Arrangement of the [ M 2+ (SO 4 )(H 2 O) 4 ] chain structural unit in the mineral pentahydrite in (a) the ab plane, and (b) in bc plane. The color of the polyhedra and plus and negative signs in the polyhedral (left) and polarity model (right) are the same as in Figure 4
Image
![Occurrence of hydrated Mg-sulfates at section DP2. (a) Photo of a plane perpendicular to the weathered surface of DP2 section excavated for in situ Raman investigation. (b) Photo of weathered material from section DP2, whitish pseudomorphic crystals come from hexahydrite dehydration, and darker-colored halite crystals persist from weathering. (c) In situ Raman spectra of Mg-sulfates [assigned based on Wang et al. (2006c)], and the markers on photo A (Ks = kieserite; Sa = sanderite; St = starkeyite; Pt = pentahydrite; and Hx = hexahydrite) show where the spectra were obtained. Epsomite cannot be distinguished in situ from hexahydrite due to limited spectral accuracy of the portable Raman spectrometer (Wang et al. 2006c) and epsomite was ruled out after the XRD and petrographic microscope analysis on collected samples. (d) Major sulfate peaks of Raman spectra in c with peaks indicated. (Color online.)](https://gsw.silverchair-cdn.com/gsw/Content_public/Journal/ammin/99/2-3/10.2138_am.2014.4594/3/s_0283f3.jpeg?Expires=2147483647&Signature=nrHulvBSRtwVt9qDg2b8PWmuA-q5PqOeM3RuuF4~gIk-PuIXbkDp1OyRSnDTJfp7VbZpIWSaPC4XrqiVUMEN0-YnhdHf3i9PwMzGFJT3IwdqHcXQCE5Illcq9YJcQO-S2XaZtq9RdHh2a7eZxmlsVcaQ3Ikb~rYJ8eXtmBDbMb27GforYr6kGGMoYabvWejjUd2rUftqvRWZ6X6DCbK2k~U4jcP95V0UwM5yGftsTHnNJ6snctt1c~mVBvVbbMl4j35krt9nU5Eh0Xq0OwK6Ackn0RvOvC~4L140Ynd~sqQi7r26e18GweoRkXzu~NB3nnFgfo2YONNxiyixNC6sGQ__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAIE5G5CRDK6RD3PGA)
Occurrence of hydrated Mg-sulfates at section DP2. ( a ) Photo of a plane p... Available to Purchase
in Sulfate-bearing deposits at Dalangtan Playa and their implication for the formation and preservation of martian salts
> American Mineralogist
Published: 01 February 2014
, and darker-colored halite crystals persist from weathering. ( c ) In situ Raman spectra of Mg-sulfates [assigned based on Wang et al. (2006c) ], and the markers on photo A (Ks = kieserite; Sa = sanderite; St = starkeyite; Pt = pentahydrite; and Hx = hexahydrite) show where the spectra were obtained
Image
(a) Mössbauer spectra and Fe 2+ coordination polyhedra in sulfates with Δ ... Available to Purchase
Published: 01 November 2013
), chalcanthite ( Bacon and Titterton 1975 ), and pentahydrite ( Peterson et al. 2006 ). O atoms are shown in red, H in pink, Mg in yellow, Cu in purple, and Fe and Zn in orange. ( b ) Mössbauer spectra and Fe 2+ coordination polyhedra in sulfates with highest Δ values. Polyhedra were created using CrystalMaker
Image
Evolution of primary itelmenite into mixtures of hydrated sulfates during t... Available to Purchase
in Evolution of fumarolic anhydrous copper sulfate minerals during successive hydration/dehydration
> Mineralogical Magazine
Published: 02 February 2021
5 120 min, humidity 90% Stage 6 30 min, humidity 91% Stage 7 14 hours, humidity 94% itelmenite 100 ‘itelmenite’ 48 ‘hexahydrite’ 35 ‘kröhnkite’ 8 ‘pentahydrite’ 3 ‘sanderite’ 3 ‘starkeyite’ 2 ‘brucite’ 1 ‘kröhnkite’ 34 ‘itelmenite’ 31 ‘hexahydrite’ 24 ‘alpersite’ 6 ‘brucite’ 3
Journal Article
Minerals from Mines to Mountaintops from Earth to Mars and Beyond Preface Available to Purchase
Publisher: Mineralogical Association of Canada
Published: 29 July 2023
The Canadian Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology (2023) 61 (4): 651–652.
...
34 ,
957 – 960 .
Peterson, R.C.,
Hammarstrom, J.M., &
Seal, R.R., II
(2006)
Alpersite (Mg,Cu)SO 4 ·7H 2 O, a new mineral of the melanterite group, and cuprian pentahydrite: Their occurrence within mine waste .
American Mineralogist
91 ,
261 – 269...
FIGURES
Image
Evolution of the mixture of hydrated sulfate phases, formed as a result of ... Available to Purchase
in Evolution of fumarolic anhydrous copper sulfate minerals during successive hydration/dehydration
> Mineralogical Magazine
Published: 02 February 2021
+225 +250 ‘konyaite’ 68 ‘alpersite’ 29 ‘brucite’ 2 ‘epsomite’ 1 ‘konyaite’ 68 ‘Cu-pentahydrite’ 19 ‘hexahydrite’ 8 ‘kröhnkite’ 5 ‘kröhnkite’ 90 ‘konyaite’ 10 ‘kröhnkite’ 75 ‘konyaite’ 25 Amorphisation III +275 +300 +325 +350 +375 +400 MgSO 4 70
Journal Article
Determination of the crystal structure of sanderite, MgSO 4 ·2H 2 O, by X-ray powder diffraction and the charge flipping method Available to Purchase
Journal: American Mineralogist
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Published: 01 April 2009
American Mineralogist (2009) 94 (4): 622–625.
... on the martian surface and how much water they may contain if present ( Bish et al. 2003 ; Chipera and Vaniman 2007 ). The crystal structures of the MgSO 4 · n H 2 O series for n = 1 (kieserite, Aleksovska et al. 1998 ), 4 (starkeyite, Baur 1964 ), 5 (pentahydrite, Baur and Rolin 1972 ), 6 (hexahydrite...
FIGURES
Includes: Supplemental Content
Journal Article
Sulfate-bearing deposits at Dalangtan Playa and their implication for the formation and preservation of martian salts Available to Purchase
Journal: American Mineralogist
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Published: 01 February 2014
American Mineralogist (2014) 99 (2-3): 283–290.
..., and darker-colored halite crystals persist from weathering. ( c ) In situ Raman spectra of Mg-sulfates [assigned based on Wang et al. (2006c) ], and the markers on photo A (Ks = kieserite; Sa = sanderite; St = starkeyite; Pt = pentahydrite; and Hx = hexahydrite) show where the spectra were obtained...
FIGURES
Journal Article
Structure determination of the 2.5 hydrate MgSO 4 phase by simulated annealing Available to Purchase
Journal: American Mineralogist
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Published: 01 July 2009
American Mineralogist (2009) 94 (7): 1071–1074.
.../synthesized and structurally characterized, e.g., n = 1 (kieserite; Aleksovska et al. 1998 ), n = 2 (sanderite; Ma et al. 2009 ), n = 4 (starkeyite; Baur 1964 ), n = 5 (pentahydrite; Baur and Rolin 1972 ), n = 6 (hexahydrite; Zalkin et al. 1964 ), n = 7 (epsomite; Calleri et al. 1984...
FIGURES
Includes: Supplemental Content
Journal Article
Evolution of fumarolic anhydrous copper sulfate minerals during successive hydration/dehydration Available to Purchase
Journal: Mineralogical Magazine
Published: 02 February 2021
Mineralogical Magazine (2021) 85 (2): 262–277.
... 5 120 min, humidity 90% Stage 6 30 min, humidity 91% Stage 7 14 hours, humidity 94% itelmenite 100 ‘itelmenite’ 48 ‘hexahydrite’ 35 ‘kröhnkite’ 8 ‘pentahydrite’ 3 ‘sanderite’ 3 ‘starkeyite’ 2 ‘brucite’ 1 ‘kröhnkite’ 34 ‘itelmenite’ 31 ‘hexahydrite’ 24 ‘alpersite’ 6 ‘brucite’ 3...
FIGURES
Journal Article
Metal-sulfate Salts from Sulfide Mineral Oxidation Available to Purchase
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Published: 01 January 2000
Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry (2000) 40 (1): 303–350.
... pentahydrite MgSO 4 ·5H 2 O jôkokuite MnSO 4 ·5H 2 O siderotil FeSO 4 ·5H 2 O Rozenite Group (monoclinic, P 2 1 / n ) 6 rozenite FeSO 4 ·4H 2 O starkeyite MgSO 4 ·4H 2 O ilesite MnSO 4 ·4H 2 O aplowite CoSO 4 ·4H 2 O boyleite ZnSO 4 ·4H 2 O...
FIGURES
Journal Article
Dravertite, CuMg(SO 4 ) 2 , a new mineral species from the Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia Available to Purchase
Journal: European Journal of Mineralogy
Publisher: GeoScienceWorld Journals
Published: 01 May 2017
European Journal of Mineralogy (2017) 29 (2): 323–330.
...
J.M.
Seal
R.R.
II
( 2006 ): Alpersite (Mg,Cu)SO 4 ·7H 2 O, a new mineral of the melanterite group, and cuprian pentahydrite: their occurrence within mine waste . Am. Mineral. , 91 , 261 – 269 .
Rentzeperis
P.J.
Soldatos
C.T.
( 1958 ): The crystal structure...
Includes: Supplemental Content
Journal Article
Crystallography on Mars: Curiosity's Bragging right Open Access
Journal: American Mineralogist
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Published: 01 June 2018
American Mineralogist (2018) 103 (6): 837–838.
..., McLennan et al. 2005 ; starkeyite, Peterson et al. 2007 ) or triclinic (pentahydrite, meridianiite; Peterson and Wang 2006 ). Meridianiite (MgSO 4 ·11H 2 O) was experimentally synthesized and recognized from natural samples found at terrestrial locales with environmental conditions consistent...
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