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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Africa
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Afar (1)
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upper Paleocene
-
Thanetian (1)
-
-
-
Wasatch Formation (1)
-
White River Group (1)
-
-
Shahejie Formation (2)
-
upper Tertiary (1)
-
-
upper Cenozoic (6)
-
-
Laurentide ice sheet (1)
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Comanchean
-
Glen Rose Formation (1)
-
-
Kuskokwim Group (1)
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Albian
-
upper Albian (3)
-
-
Aptian
-
lower Aptian (2)
-
Shuaiba Formation (3)
-
-
Barremian (4)
-
Berriasian (4)
-
Christopher Formation (1)
-
Glen Rose Formation (1)
-
Hauterivian (2)
-
Thamama Group (2)
-
Zubair Formation (3)
-
-
Lower Greensand (1)
-
Middle Cretaceous (8)
-
Natih Formation (2)
-
Nenjiang Formation (1)
-
Qingshankou Formation (1)
-
Shiranish Formation (3)
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Bagh Beds (1)
-
Campanian
-
upper Campanian (2)
-
-
Cardium Formation (1)
-
Cenomanian (11)
-
Coniacian (3)
-
Gulfian
-
Eagle Ford Formation (2)
-
-
Judith River Formation (1)
-
K-T boundary (5)
-
Lameta Formation (1)
-
Maestrichtian
-
lower Maestrichtian (2)
-
upper Maestrichtian (1)
-
-
Marilia Formation (1)
-
Mesaverde Group (1)
-
Pierre Shale (1)
-
Santonian (5)
-
Senonian (7)
-
Turonian
-
lower Turonian (2)
-
-
-
-
Franciscan Complex (1)
-
Jurassic
-
Aztec Sandstone (2)
-
Lower Jurassic
-
Hettangian (1)
-
Pliensbachian (2)
-
Toarcian
-
lower Toarcian (1)
-
-
Triassic-Jurassic boundary (1)
-
-
Middle Jurassic
-
Aalenian (1)
-
Bajocian (3)
-
Bathonian (3)
-
Callovian (7)
-
Xishanyao Formation (1)
-
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Arab Formation (3)
-
Hanifa Formation (3)
-
Kimmeridgian (1)
-
Oxfordian (6)
-
Portlandian (1)
-
Tithonian (2)
-
-
-
lower Mesozoic (2)
-
Navajo Sandstone (1)
-
Triassic
-
Charlie Lake Formation (1)
-
Hallstatt Limestone (1)
-
Lower Triassic
-
Bunter (1)
-
Dinwoody Formation (1)
-
Griesbachian (2)
-
Induan (4)
-
Olenekian (2)
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (26)
-
Scythian (1)
-
Smithian (4)
-
Spathian (2)
-
Thaynes Formation (1)
-
-
Middle Triassic
-
Anisian (4)
-
Ladinian (3)
-
-
Moenkopi Formation (1)
-
Montney Formation (2)
-
Nicola Group (1)
-
Upper Triassic
-
Baldonnel Formation (1)
-
Carnian (8)
-
Keuper (2)
-
Luning Formation (1)
-
Norian (9)
-
Pardonet Formation (1)
-
Rhaetian (5)
-
Stuhini Group (1)
-
Triassic-Jurassic boundary (1)
-
Yanchang Formation (5)
-
-
-
upper Mesozoic
-
Yixian Formation (1)
-
-
Wingate Sandstone (1)
-
Yanshanian (2)
-
-
Paleozoic
-
Cambrian
-
Brigham Group (1)
-
Lower Cambrian
-
Poleta Formation (1)
-
Terreneuvian
-
Fortunian (2)
-
-
Tommotian (3)
-
-
Middle Cambrian
-
Flathead Sandstone (1)
-
Wheeler Formation (2)
-
-
Mount Read Volcanics (1)
-
Semri Series (2)
-
Upper Cambrian
-
Furongian (9)
-
Pilgrim Formation (1)
-
Steptoean (1)
-
Wilberns Formation (2)
-
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Benxi Formation (1)
-
Lower Carboniferous
-
Dinantian (8)
-
-
Middle Carboniferous (1)
-
Mississippian
-
Barnett Shale (2)
-
Lower Mississippian
-
Cuyahoga Formation (1)
-
Lodgepole Formation (3)
-
Osagian (1)
-
Tournaisian
-
upper Tournaisian (1)
-
-
-
Madison Group (3)
-
Middle Mississippian
-
Visean
-
upper Visean (1)
-
-
-
Upper Mississippian
-
Serpukhovian (5)
-
-
-
Pennsylvanian
-
Lower Pennsylvanian
-
Bashkirian (1)
-
-
Middle Pennsylvanian
-
Moscovian (4)
-
Paradox Formation (1)
-
-
Upper Pennsylvanian
-
Gzhelian (3)
-
Kasimovian (1)
-
Missourian
-
Rock Lake Shale Member (1)
-
Stanton Formation (1)
-
-
Virgilian
-
Shawnee Group (1)
-
-
-
-
Upper Carboniferous (8)
-
-
Catskill Formation (1)
-
Cow Head Group (1)
-
Devonian
-
Lower Devonian
-
Emsian (4)
-
Lochkovian (1)
-
Pragian (2)
-
-
Middle Devonian
-
Eifelian (3)
-
Givetian
-
upper Givetian (1)
-
-
Hamilton Group (1)
-
Mahantango Formation (1)
-
Marcellus Shale (1)
-
Winnipegosis Formation (1)
-
-
Upper Devonian
-
Domanik Formation (1)
-
Famennian
-
lower Famennian (1)
-
upper Famennian (1)
-
-
Frasnian (5)
-
-
-
lower Paleozoic
-
Cape Phillips Formation (1)
-
-
Ordovician
-
Lower Ordovician
-
Arenigian (2)
-
Fillmore Formation (1)
-
Floian (1)
-
Tremadocian (6)
-
-
Middle Ordovician
-
Dapingian (1)
-
Darriwilian (5)
-
Llanvirnian (1)
-
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Caradocian (1)
-
Hirnantian (4)
-
Katian (4)
-
Sandbian (1)
-
Wufeng Formation (2)
-
Yeoman Formation (1)
-
-
Valmy Formation (1)
-
-
Permian
-
Cutler Formation (1)
-
Ecca Group (1)
-
Gharif Formation (2)
-
Guadalupian
-
Capitanian (5)
-
Grayburg Formation (1)
-
Roadian (1)
-
Tansill Formation (1)
-
Wordian (1)
-
-
Kaibab Formation (1)
-
Khuff Formation (18)
-
Lower Permian
-
Al Khlata Formation (1)
-
Cisuralian
-
Artinskian (3)
-
Asselian (4)
-
Kungurian (2)
-
Sakmarian (3)
-
-
Leonardian (1)
-
Qixia Formation (1)
-
Wolfcampian (1)
-
-
Maokou Formation (3)
-
Middle Permian (8)
-
Shihezi Formation (1)
-
Unayzah Formation (5)
-
Upper Permian
-
Changxing Formation (3)
-
Kazanian (1)
-
Lopingian
-
Changhsingian (11)
-
Wuchiapingian (6)
-
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (26)
-
Tatarian (1)
-
Zechstein (3)
-
-
Yates Formation (1)
-
-
Silurian
-
Lower Silurian
-
Grimsby Sandstone (2)
-
Llandovery
-
Aeronian (1)
-
-
Qalibah Formation (1)
-
Tuscarora Formation (1)
-
Wenlock (3)
-
-
Middle Silurian (3)
-
Upper Silurian (3)
-
-
Taiyuan Formation (3)
-
upper Paleozoic
-
Bakken Formation (1)
-
Dwyka Formation (1)
-
Shanxi Formation (4)
-
-
-
Phanerozoic (9)
-
Precambrian
-
Archean
-
Mesoarchean (1)
-
Neoarchean (3)
-
Paleoarchean (3)
-
Warrawoona Group (2)
-
-
Johnnie Formation (1)
-
Stillwater Complex (1)
-
Stirling Quartzite (1)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Mahakoshal Group (2)
-
Proterozoic
-
Hutuo Group (1)
-
Kunyang Group (1)
-
Mesoproterozoic
-
Belt Supergroup (2)
-
Missoula Group (1)
-
Ravalli Group (1)
-
Stenian (1)
-
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Brioverian (1)
-
Cryogenian (5)
-
Dengying Formation (4)
-
Doushantuo Formation (3)
-
Ediacaran (39)
-
Infracambrian (1)
-
Nantuo Formation (1)
-
Sturtian (1)
-
Tonian (2)
-
Vendian (7)
-
-
Paleoproterozoic
-
Birimian (1)
-
Rhyacian (1)
-
Rustenburg Layered Suite (1)
-
-
Sinian
-
Dengying Formation (4)
-
Doushantuo Formation (3)
-
Nantuo Formation (1)
-
-
Windermere System (1)
-
-
-
-
Vindhyan (4)
-
-
igneous rocks
-
extrusive rocks (1)
-
igneous rocks
-
carbonatites (2)
-
feldspathoid rocks (1)
-
kimberlite (1)
-
peperite (1)
-
plutonic rocks
-
appinite (1)
-
diabase (6)
-
diorites
-
plagiogranite (1)
-
quartz diorites (4)
-
tonalite (6)
-
trondhjemite (1)
-
-
essexite (1)
-
gabbros (28)
-
granites
-
alkali granites (1)
-
A-type granites (5)
-
charnockite (2)
-
granite porphyry (2)
-
granosyenite (1)
-
I-type granites (7)
-
leucogranite (5)
-
monzogranite (5)
-
muscovite granite (1)
-
S-type granites (7)
-
-
granodiorites (17)
-
lamprophyres (4)
-
monzodiorite (2)
-
monzonites (6)
-
pegmatite (6)
-
quartz monzonite (3)
-
syenites
-
granosyenite (1)
-
pulaskite (1)
-
syenite porphyry (1)
-
-
ultramafics
-
chromitite (3)
-
peridotites
-
dunite (3)
-
garnet lherzolite (2)
-
harzburgite (9)
-
lherzolite (4)
-
spinel lherzolite (1)
-
spinel peridotite (3)
-
-
pyroxenite (2)
-
-
-
porphyry (10)
-
volcanic rocks
-
adakites (6)
-
andesites
-
andesite porphyry (1)
-
boninite (1)
-
-
basalts
-
alkali basalts
-
spilite (1)
-
-
flood basalts (5)
-
mid-ocean ridge basalts (19)
-
ocean-island basalts (7)
-
shoshonite (1)
-
tholeiite (3)
-
trap rocks (2)
-
-
dacites (4)
-
glasses
-
obsidian (1)
-
-
komatiite (1)
-
meimechite (1)
-
phonolites (2)
-
pyroclastics
-
ignimbrite (4)
-
rhyolite tuff (2)
-
tuff (5)
-
-
rhyolites (8)
-
trachyandesites (2)
-
-
-
ophiolite (58)
-
volcanic ash (2)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metamorphic rocks
-
amphibolites (6)
-
cataclasites (2)
-
eclogite (5)
-
gneisses
-
augen gneiss (1)
-
biotite gneiss (2)
-
granite gneiss (2)
-
orthogneiss (3)
-
paragneiss (3)
-
-
granulites (4)
-
hornfels (1)
-
impactites (1)
-
jadeitite (4)
-
lapis lazuli (2)
-
listwanite (4)
-
marbles
-
ophicalcite (1)
-
-
metaigneous rocks
-
metabasalt (3)
-
metabasite (2)
-
metagabbro (2)
-
metagranite (1)
-
metaperidotite (1)
-
metarhyolite (1)
-
serpentinite (10)
-
-
metasedimentary rocks
-
khondalite (1)
-
metapelite (7)
-
metasandstone (1)
-
paragneiss (3)
-
-
metasomatic rocks
-
greisen (1)
-
serpentinite (10)
-
skarn (18)
-
steatite (1)
-
-
metavolcanic rocks (3)
-
migmatites (7)
-
mylonites (3)
-
phyllites (4)
-
quartzites (3)
-
schists
-
blueschist (3)
-
chlorite schist (1)
-
greenschist (2)
-
tourmalinite (1)
-
-
-
ophiolite (58)
-
turbidite (10)
-
-
meteorites
-
meteorites (1)
-
-
minerals
-
alloys (2)
-
arsenides
-
arsenopyrite (1)
-
-
carbonates
-
ankerite (1)
-
aragonite (3)
-
azurite (1)
-
bastnaesite (1)
-
calcite (12)
-
dolomite (6)
-
magnesite (1)
-
malachite (1)
-
smithsonite (3)
-
-
halides
-
chlorides
-
halite (2)
-
-
fluorides
-
bastnaesite (1)
-
fluorite (4)
-
topaz (1)
-
-
-
hydrates (2)
-
iron minerals (1)
-
manganese minerals (1)
-
minerals (1)
-
organic minerals
-
amber (1)
-
-
oxides
-
aluminum oxides (1)
-
anatase (2)
-
cassiterite (2)
-
chrome spinel (6)
-
chromite (3)
-
chrysoberyl (1)
-
corundum (2)
-
diaspore (1)
-
gibbsite (1)
-
hematite (6)
-
hydroxides
-
iron hydroxides (1)
-
-
ilmenite (1)
-
iron oxides (15)
-
limonite (1)
-
maghemite (1)
-
magnetite (17)
-
niobates
-
columbite (2)
-
ixiolite (1)
-
-
rutile (6)
-
sapphire (3)
-
spinel (3)
-
spinel group (1)
-
tantalates
-
ixiolite (1)
-
wodginite (1)
-
-
uraninite (1)
-
-
phosphates
-
apatite (42)
-
chlorapatite (1)
-
fluorapatite (3)
-
francolite (1)
-
monazite (9)
-
rhabdophane (1)
-
turquoise (3)
-
xenotime (1)
-
-
platinum minerals (4)
-
selenides (2)
-
silicates
-
chain silicates
-
amphibole group
-
clinoamphibole
-
actinolite (1)
-
glaucophane (1)
-
hornblende (6)
-
nephrite (1)
-
tremolite (1)
-
-
-
jade (2)
-
pyroxene group
-
clinopyroxene
-
augite (1)
-
jadeite (6)
-
omphacite (4)
-
spodumene (1)
-
-
orthopyroxene (2)
-
-
-
framework silicates
-
feldspar group
-
alkali feldspar
-
adularia (1)
-
celsian (1)
-
hyalophane (1)
-
K-feldspar (3)
-
orthoclase (1)
-
perthite (1)
-
-
barium feldspar
-
celsian (1)
-
hyalophane (1)
-
-
plagioclase
-
albite (2)
-
-
-
leucite (1)
-
myrmekite (1)
-
nepheline group
-
kalsilite (1)
-
nepheline (1)
-
-
silica minerals
-
agate (3)
-
amethyst (1)
-
carnelian (1)
-
chalcedony (1)
-
coesite (1)
-
jasper (1)
-
moganite (1)
-
quartz (15)
-
-
sodalite group
-
hauyne (1)
-
sodalite (1)
-
-
zeolite group
-
analcime (4)
-
erionite (1)
-
gmelinite (1)
-
heulandite (1)
-
laumontite (1)
-
mesolite (2)
-
mordenite (1)
-
natrolite (2)
-
-
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
andalusite (2)
-
chloritoid (1)
-
garnet group
-
andradite (1)
-
grossular (1)
-
-
kyanite (2)
-
olivine group
-
forsterite (1)
-
olivine (3)
-
-
sillimanite (2)
-
staurolite (2)
-
titanite group
-
titanite (5)
-
-
topaz (1)
-
zircon group
-
thorite (1)
-
zircon (127)
-
-
-
sorosilicates
-
chevkinite group
-
chevkinite (1)
-
-
epidote group
-
allanite (3)
-
epidote (1)
-
piemontite (1)
-
-
lawsonite (2)
-
vesuvianite (1)
-
-
-
ring silicates
-
beryl (1)
-
cordierite (2)
-
tourmaline group
-
dravite (1)
-
schorl (1)
-
-
-
sheet silicates
-
chlorite group
-
chlorite (7)
-
clinochlore (1)
-
-
clay minerals
-
beidellite (1)
-
dickite (2)
-
halloysite (1)
-
kaolinite (10)
-
montmorillonite (1)
-
smectite (11)
-
vermiculite (1)
-
-
cymrite (1)
-
illite (9)
-
magadiite (1)
-
mica group
-
annite (1)
-
biotite (13)
-
glauconite (1)
-
muscovite (15)
-
phengite (1)
-
phlogopite (4)
-
-
palygorskite (8)
-
sericite (1)
-
serpentine group
-
antigorite (1)
-
lizardite (1)
-
serpentine (2)
-
-
talc (1)
-
-
-
sulfates
-
alunite (5)
-
anhydrite (7)
-
barite (2)
-
celestine (1)
-
gypsum (5)
-
-
sulfides
-
argentite (1)
-
arsenopyrite (1)
-
bornite (2)
-
chalcocite (1)
-
chalcopyrite (9)
-
copper sulfides (1)
-
cubanite (1)
-
digenite (1)
-
galena (2)
-
heazlewoodite (1)
-
iron sulfides (1)
-
laurite (2)
-
marcasite (1)
-
millerite (1)
-
molybdenite (8)
-
nickel sulfides (1)
-
orpiment (1)
-
pentlandite (2)
-
pyrite (19)
-
pyrrhotite (1)
-
realgar (1)
-
sphalerite (3)
-
zinc sulfides (1)
-
-
sulfosalts
-
sulfantimonites
-
jamesonite (1)
-
pyrargyrite (1)
-
tetrahedrite (2)
-
-
sulfarsenates
-
enargite (1)
-
-
sulfarsenites
-
proustite (1)
-
tennantite (2)
-
-
-
tellurides (1)
-
tungstates
-
wolframite (1)
-
-
uranium minerals (1)
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (194)
-
Africa
-
Afar (1)
-
Central Africa
-
Angola (2)
-
-
East Africa
-
Afar Depression (1)
-
Djibouti (1)
-
Ethiopia (1)
-
Malawi (1)
-
Mozambique (1)
-
Sudan (2)
-
Tanzania (1)
-
Zambia (1)
-
-
East African Rift (2)
-
Kalahari Desert (1)
-
Limpopo Basin (1)
-
Madagascar
-
Mahajanga Basin (1)
-
-
Nile River (1)
-
North Africa
-
Algeria
-
Ahnet (1)
-
Aures (1)
-
Bechar Algeria
-
Ougarta Algeria (1)
-
-
Berkine Basin (1)
-
Oran Algeria (1)
-
-
Atlas Mountains
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Anti-Atlas (4)
-
High Atlas (2)
-
-
-
Egypt
-
Eastern Desert (3)
-
Nile Delta (2)
-
Sinai Egypt (3)
-
-
Ghadames Basin (1)
-
Illizi Basin (1)
-
Libya
-
Cyrenaica (1)
-
Murzuk Basin (2)
-
Sirte Basin (2)
-
-
Maghreb (2)
-
Morocco
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Anti-Atlas (4)
-
High Atlas (2)
-
-
Rif (1)
-
Tafilalt (2)
-
-
Tunisia (5)
-
Western Sahara (1)
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-
Glen Rose Formation (1)
-
Hauterivian (2)
-
Thamama Group (2)
-
Zubair Formation (3)
-
-
Lower Greensand (1)
-
Middle Cretaceous (8)
-
Natih Formation (2)
-
Nenjiang Formation (1)
-
Qingshankou Formation (1)
-
Shiranish Formation (3)
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Bagh Beds (1)
-
Campanian
-
upper Campanian (2)
-
-
Cardium Formation (1)
-
Cenomanian (11)
-
Coniacian (3)
-
Gulfian
-
Eagle Ford Formation (2)
-
-
Judith River Formation (1)
-
K-T boundary (5)
-
Lameta Formation (1)
-
Maestrichtian
-
lower Maestrichtian (2)
-
upper Maestrichtian (1)
-
-
Marilia Formation (1)
-
Mesaverde Group (1)
-
Pierre Shale (1)
-
Santonian (5)
-
Senonian (7)
-
Turonian
-
lower Turonian (2)
-
-
-
-
Franciscan Complex (1)
-
Jurassic
-
Aztec Sandstone (2)
-
Lower Jurassic
-
Hettangian (1)
-
Pliensbachian (2)
-
Toarcian
-
lower Toarcian (1)
-
-
Triassic-Jurassic boundary (1)
-
-
Middle Jurassic
-
Aalenian (1)
-
Bajocian (3)
-
Bathonian (3)
-
Callovian (7)
-
Xishanyao Formation (1)
-
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Arab Formation (3)
-
Hanifa Formation (3)
-
Kimmeridgian (1)
-
Oxfordian (6)
-
Portlandian (1)
-
Tithonian (2)
-
-
-
lower Mesozoic (2)
-
Navajo Sandstone (1)
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Triassic
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Charlie Lake Formation (1)
-
Hallstatt Limestone (1)
-
Lower Triassic
-
Bunter (1)
-
Dinwoody Formation (1)
-
Griesbachian (2)
-
Induan (4)
-
Olenekian (2)
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (26)
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Scythian (1)
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Smithian (4)
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Spathian (2)
-
Thaynes Formation (1)
-
-
Middle Triassic
-
Anisian (4)
-
Ladinian (3)
-
-
Moenkopi Formation (1)
-
Montney Formation (2)
-
Nicola Group (1)
-
Upper Triassic
-
Baldonnel Formation (1)
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Carnian (8)
-
Keuper (2)
-
Luning Formation (1)
-
Norian (9)
-
Pardonet Formation (1)
-
Rhaetian (5)
-
Stuhini Group (1)
-
Triassic-Jurassic boundary (1)
-
Yanchang Formation (5)
-
-
-
upper Mesozoic
-
Yixian Formation (1)
-
-
Wingate Sandstone (1)
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Yanshanian (2)
-
-
metal ores
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aluminum ores (2)
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antimony ores (2)
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base metals (8)
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chromite ores (5)
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cobalt ores (2)
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copper ores (89)
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gold ores (84)
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IOCG deposits (10)
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iron ores (19)
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lead ores (23)
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lead-zinc deposits (20)
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lithium ores (1)
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magnesium ores (1)
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manganese ores (5)
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mercury ores (2)
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molybdenum ores (28)
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nickel ores (7)
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palladium ores (1)
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platinum ores (5)
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polymetallic ores (13)
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rare earth deposits (8)
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rhenium ores (1)
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silver ores (16)
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tantalum ores (1)
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tellurium ores (1)
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tin ores (3)
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tungsten ores (5)
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uranium ores (4)
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zinc ores (27)
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metals
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actinides
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thorium (5)
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uranium (10)
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alkali metals
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cesium
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Cs-137 (2)
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potassium (1)
-
rubidium
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Rb-87/Sr-86 (6)
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sodium (1)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
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barium (6)
-
beryllium
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Be-10 (4)
-
Be-7 (1)
-
-
calcium
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Ca-44/Ca-40 (1)
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Mg/Ca (1)
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Sr/Ca (1)
-
-
magnesium
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Mg/Ca (1)
-
-
strontium
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (6)
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Sr/Ca (1)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (61)
-
-
-
aluminum
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Al-26 (1)
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antimony (1)
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arsenic (2)
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cadmium (3)
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chromium (4)
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cobalt (1)
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copper (3)
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gallium (1)
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gold (11)
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hafnium
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Hf-177/Hf-176 (28)
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Hf-182 (1)
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-
iron
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ferric iron (1)
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ferrous iron (3)
-
-
lead
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (9)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (6)
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Pb-207/Pb-206 (2)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (5)
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Pb-210 (2)
-
-
manganese (4)
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mercury (3)
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molybdenum (2)
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nickel (2)
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niobium (2)
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platinum group
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iridium (3)
-
osmium
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Os-188/Os-187 (1)
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Re-187/Os-188 (1)
-
-
palladium (1)
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palladium ores (1)
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platinum (2)
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platinum ores (5)
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rhodium (1)
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ruthenium (2)
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precious metals (10)
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rare earths
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cerium (4)
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dysprosium (1)
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europium (7)
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lanthanum (4)
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lutetium (2)
-
neodymium
-
Nd-142 (1)
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (38)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (6)
-
-
samarium
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (6)
-
-
scandium (3)
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ytterbium (2)
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yttrium (8)
-
-
rhenium
-
Re-187/Os-188 (1)
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silver (1)
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tantalum (2)
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tin (1)
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titanium (6)
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tungsten (3)
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vanadium (4)
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zinc (3)
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zirconium (1)
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metamorphic rocks
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amphibolites (6)
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cataclasites (2)
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eclogite (5)
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gneisses
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augen gneiss (1)
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biotite gneiss (2)
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granite gneiss (2)
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orthogneiss (3)
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paragneiss (3)
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granulites (4)
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hornfels (1)
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impactites (1)
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jadeitite (4)
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lapis lazuli (2)
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listwanite (4)
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marbles
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ophicalcite (1)
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metaigneous rocks
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metabasalt (3)
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metabasite (2)
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metagabbro (2)
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metagranite (1)
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metaperidotite (1)
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metarhyolite (1)
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serpentinite (10)
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metasedimentary rocks
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khondalite (1)
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metapelite (7)
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metasandstone (1)
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paragneiss (3)
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metasomatic rocks
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greisen (1)
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serpentinite (10)
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skarn (18)
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steatite (1)
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metavolcanic rocks (3)
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migmatites (7)
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mylonites (3)
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phyllites (4)
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quartzites (3)
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schists
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blueschist (3)
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chlorite schist (1)
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greenschist (2)
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tourmalinite (1)
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metamorphism (46)
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metasomatism (83)
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meteorites (1)
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meteorology (2)
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Mexico
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Coahuila Mexico
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Guerrero Mexico (1)
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mineral deposits, genesis (123)
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minerals (1)
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mining geology (1)
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Mohorovicic discontinuity (9)
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museums (1)
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nitrogen
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N-15/N-14 (6)
-
-
noble gases
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argon
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Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
-
-
helium (2)
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radon
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Rn-222 (1)
-
-
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nodules (2)
-
North America
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Appalachian Basin (6)
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Appalachians
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Appalachian Plateau (2)
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Blue Ridge Mountains (1)
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Central Appalachians (1)
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Northern Appalachians (1)
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Southern Appalachians (1)
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Valley and Ridge Province (1)
-
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Basin and Range Province
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Great Basin (1)
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Belt Basin (1)
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Canadian Shield
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Churchill Province
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Rae Province (1)
-
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Slave Province (1)
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Superior Province
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Swayze greenstone belt (1)
-
-
-
Gulf Coastal Plain (4)
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Leech River Fault (1)
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Michigan Basin (1)
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Niagara Escarpment (1)
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North American Cordillera
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Canadian Cordillera (5)
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Rocky Mountains
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Canadian Rocky Mountains (3)
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Southern Rocky Mountains (1)
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U. S. Rocky Mountains
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Wasatch Range (1)
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Wind River Range (1)
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-
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Rocky Mountains foreland (2)
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Saint Elias Mountains (1)
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Tintina Fault (1)
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Transcontinental Arch (1)
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Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (3)
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Western Interior
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Western Interior Seaway (1)
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Williston Basin (1)
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Yukon River (1)
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Northern Hemisphere (4)
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ocean basins (3)
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ocean circulation (1)
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Ocean Drilling Program
-
Leg 108
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ODP Site 658 (1)
-
-
Leg 117
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ODP Site 722 (1)
-
ODP Site 723 (1)
-
-
Leg 160
-
ODP Site 967 (1)
-
-
Leg 194
-
ODP Site 1193 (1)
-
-
Leg 202
-
ODP Site 1233 (1)
-
-
Leg 209 (1)
-
-
ocean floors (12)
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oil and gas fields (70)
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orogeny (58)
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oxygen
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dissolved oxygen (3)
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O-17/O-16 (3)
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O-18 (2)
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O-18/O-16 (79)
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Pacific Coast (2)
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Pacific Ocean
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East Pacific
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Cocos Ridge (1)
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Northeast Pacific (2)
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Southeast Pacific (1)
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North Pacific
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Aleutian Trench (1)
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Mid-Pacific Mountains (1)
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Northeast Pacific (2)
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Northwest Pacific
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East China Sea (1)
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Kuril Trench (1)
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Nankai Trough (2)
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South China Sea
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Qiongdongnan Basin (1)
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-
-
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South Pacific
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Southeast Pacific (1)
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Southwest Pacific
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Coral Sea
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Marion Plateau (1)
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Gulf of Carpentaria (1)
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Hikurangi Trough (1)
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-
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West Pacific
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Banda Arc (1)
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Northwest Pacific
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East China Sea (1)
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Kuril Trench (1)
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Nankai Trough (2)
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South China Sea
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Qiongdongnan Basin (1)
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-
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Southwest Pacific
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Coral Sea
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Marion Plateau (1)
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Gulf of Carpentaria (1)
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Hikurangi Trough (1)
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Pacific region
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Circum-Pacific region (1)
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paleobotany (2)
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paleoclimatology (77)
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paleoecology (105)
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paleogeography (183)
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paleomagnetism (27)
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paleontology (1)
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Paleozoic
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Cambrian
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Brigham Group (1)
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Lower Cambrian
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Poleta Formation (1)
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Terreneuvian
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Fortunian (2)
-
-
Tommotian (3)
-
-
Middle Cambrian
-
Flathead Sandstone (1)
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Wheeler Formation (2)
-
-
Mount Read Volcanics (1)
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Semri Series (2)
-
Upper Cambrian
-
Furongian (9)
-
Pilgrim Formation (1)
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Steptoean (1)
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Wilberns Formation (2)
-
-
-
Carboniferous
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Benxi Formation (1)
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Lower Carboniferous
-
Dinantian (8)
-
-
Middle Carboniferous (1)
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Mississippian
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Barnett Shale (2)
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Lower Mississippian
-
Cuyahoga Formation (1)
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Lodgepole Formation (3)
-
Osagian (1)
-
Tournaisian
-
upper Tournaisian (1)
-
-
-
Madison Group (3)
-
Middle Mississippian
-
Visean
-
upper Visean (1)
-
-
-
Upper Mississippian
-
Serpukhovian (5)
-
-
-
Pennsylvanian
-
Lower Pennsylvanian
-
Bashkirian (1)
-
-
Middle Pennsylvanian
-
Moscovian (4)
-
Paradox Formation (1)
-
-
Upper Pennsylvanian
-
Gzhelian (3)
-
Kasimovian (1)
-
Missourian
-
Rock Lake Shale Member (1)
-
Stanton Formation (1)
-
-
Virgilian
-
Shawnee Group (1)
-
-
-
-
Upper Carboniferous (8)
-
-
Catskill Formation (1)
-
Cow Head Group (1)
-
Devonian
-
Lower Devonian
-
Emsian (4)
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Lochkovian (1)
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Pragian (2)
-
-
Middle Devonian
-
Eifelian (3)
-
Givetian
-
upper Givetian (1)
-
-
Hamilton Group (1)
-
Mahantango Formation (1)
-
Marcellus Shale (1)
-
Winnipegosis Formation (1)
-
-
Upper Devonian
-
Domanik Formation (1)
-
Famennian
-
lower Famennian (1)
-
upper Famennian (1)
-
-
Frasnian (5)
-
-
-
lower Paleozoic
-
Cape Phillips Formation (1)
-
-
Ordovician
-
Lower Ordovician
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Arenigian (2)
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Fillmore Formation (1)
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Floian (1)
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Tremadocian (6)
-
-
Middle Ordovician
-
Dapingian (1)
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Darriwilian (5)
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Llanvirnian (1)
-
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Caradocian (1)
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Hirnantian (4)
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Katian (4)
-
Sandbian (1)
-
Wufeng Formation (2)
-
Yeoman Formation (1)
-
-
Valmy Formation (1)
-
-
Permian
-
Cutler Formation (1)
-
Ecca Group (1)
-
Gharif Formation (2)
-
Guadalupian
-
Capitanian (5)
-
Grayburg Formation (1)
-
Roadian (1)
-
Tansill Formation (1)
-
Wordian (1)
-
-
Kaibab Formation (1)
-
Khuff Formation (18)
-
Lower Permian
-
Al Khlata Formation (1)
-
Cisuralian
-
Artinskian (3)
-
Asselian (4)
-
Kungurian (2)
-
Sakmarian (3)
-
-
Leonardian (1)
-
Qixia Formation (1)
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Wolfcampian (1)
-
-
Maokou Formation (3)
-
Middle Permian (8)
-
Shihezi Formation (1)
-
Unayzah Formation (5)
-
Upper Permian
-
Changxing Formation (3)
-
Kazanian (1)
-
Lopingian
-
Changhsingian (11)
-
Wuchiapingian (6)
-
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (26)
-
Tatarian (1)
-
Zechstein (3)
-
-
Yates Formation (1)
-
-
Silurian
-
Lower Silurian
-
Grimsby Sandstone (2)
-
Llandovery
-
Aeronian (1)
-
-
Qalibah Formation (1)
-
Tuscarora Formation (1)
-
Wenlock (3)
-
-
Middle Silurian (3)
-
Upper Silurian (3)
-
-
Taiyuan Formation (3)
-
upper Paleozoic
-
Bakken Formation (1)
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Dwyka Formation (1)
-
Shanxi Formation (4)
-
-
-
palynology (4)
-
palynomorphs
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acritarchs
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Baltisphaeridium (1)
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Chitinozoa (10)
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Dinoflagellata (15)
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miospores
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pollen (14)
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paragenesis (22)
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permafrost (2)
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petroleum
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coalbed methane (1)
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shale oil (3)
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petrology (12)
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Phanerozoic (9)
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phase equilibria (5)
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Plantae
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algae
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Chlorophyta
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Chlorophyceae
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Codiaceae
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Halimeda (1)
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Dasycladaceae (1)
-
-
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nannofossils (4)
-
Rhodophyta
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Corallinaceae
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Lithothamnium (1)
-
-
-
-
Pteridophyta
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Lycopsida (2)
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Sphenopsida (1)
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Spermatophyta
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Angiospermae (4)
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Gymnospermae
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Bennettitales (1)
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Coniferales (1)
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Glossopteridales
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Pteridospermae (2)
-
-
-
-
plate tectonics (282)
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pollution (17)
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-
Precambrian
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Archean
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Mesoarchean (1)
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Neoarchean (3)
-
Paleoarchean (3)
-
Warrawoona Group (2)
-
-
Johnnie Formation (1)
-
Stillwater Complex (1)
-
Stirling Quartzite (1)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Mahakoshal Group (2)
-
Proterozoic
-
Hutuo Group (1)
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Kunyang Group (1)
-
Mesoproterozoic
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Belt Supergroup (2)
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Missoula Group (1)
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Ravalli Group (1)
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Stenian (1)
-
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Brioverian (1)
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Cryogenian (5)
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Dengying Formation (4)
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Doushantuo Formation (3)
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Ediacaran (39)
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Infracambrian (1)
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Nantuo Formation (1)
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Sturtian (1)
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Tonian (2)
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Vendian (7)
-
-
Paleoproterozoic
-
Birimian (1)
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Rhyacian (1)
-
Rustenburg Layered Suite (1)
-
-
Sinian
-
Dengying Formation (4)
-
Doushantuo Formation (3)
-
Nantuo Formation (1)
-
-
Windermere System (1)
-
-
-
-
problematic fossils
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problematic microfossils (2)
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Pterobranchia (3)
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reclamation (2)
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Red Sea region (1)
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remote sensing (69)
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bauxite (2)
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packstone (11)
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chemically precipitated rocks
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chert (8)
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salt (18)
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flint (1)
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clastic rocks
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arenite
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arkose (1)
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mudstone (24)
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red beds (6)
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sandstone (66)
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shale (36)
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tillite (1)
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coal
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bituminous coal (1)
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oil sands (1)
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oil shale (3)
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sedimentary structures
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bedding plane irregularities
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biogenic structures
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GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Epoch and Age
Book Series
Date
Availability
northwestern Iran
Vanished evaporites, halokinetic structure, and Zn-Pb mineralization in the world-class Angouran deposit, northwestern Iran Open Access
Lahroud, a Paleo-Tethys Remnant in Northwestern Iran: Implications for Geochemistry, Radioisotope Geochronology, and Tectonic Setting Available to Purchase
Long-term persistence of steppe vegetation in the highlands of Arasbaran protected area, northwestern Iran, as inferred from a pollen record Available to Purchase
Quantifying mass changes during hydrothermal alteration in listwaenite-type mercury mineralization, Tavreh area, northwestern Iran Available to Purchase
Geochemical zonality coefficients in the primary halo of Tavreh mercury prospect, northwestern Iran: implications for exploration of listwaenitic type mercury deposits Available to Purchase
Ore Genesis Constraints on the Agdarreh and Zarshouran Carlin-Style Gold Deposits in the Takab Region of Northwestern Iran Available to Purchase
Abstract The neighboring sedimentary rock-hosted Agdarreh (~24.5 tonnes [~0.8 Moz] of Au in ore with an average grade of 3.7 g/t Au) and Zarshouran (~110 tonnes of Au [~3.5 Moz] in ore with an average grade of 4.5 g/t Au) Carlin-style gold deposits in the Takab region of northwestern Iran occur within the active geothermal field of the Miocene Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic arc, which contains an assortment of intrusion-related deposit types (porphyry Cu, polymetallic, and epithermal Au-Ag). Although Agdarreh is hosted in early Miocene reefal limestones and is strongly oxidized and Zarshouran is hosted in exhumed metamorphosed Neoproterozoic black schist, limestone, and dolomite and is relatively unoxidized, they have many features in common. Phyllic alteration is as young as 14 Ma, and the age of local volcanic rocks is between 16 and 11 Ma. Disseminated gold ore in jasperoid occurs as replacement bodies at intersections of normal faults in decalcified and dolomitized carbonate units as well as in schists at Zarshouran. Where jasperoid is fractured or brecciated, it is cemented by drusy quartz. Precipitation of early pyrite (±pyrrhotite), abundant sphalerite, and minor chalcopyrite and galena was followed by a variety of more abundant complex sulfosalt minerals, arsenian pyrite, stibnite, late orpiment-realgar, and cinnabar, with traces of native bismuth, tellurides, and the newly discovered daliranite (PbHgAs 2 S 6 ). Most of the gold occurs as solid-solution or nanometer gold in arsenian pyrite and sphalerite and as native gold associated with late-stage As sulfides and cinnabar. Agdarreh has an abundance of barite, whereas Zarshouran contains fluorite; both deposits are crosscut by minor late calcite, and each deposit is overprinted by a younger Pleistocene to Holocene geothermal system that produced extensive travertine deposits and oxidized sulfide gold ore at Agdarreh. Whole-rock analyses indicate Al was immobile, Ca was depleted, and significant amounts of Fe, Zn, Pb, As, Sb, Hg, Tl, Ag, Au, Ba, ±F were introduced along with lesser K, W, Ni, Cd, Te, and Se. The paragenetic sequence of the ore minerals reflects a decrease in temperature and an increase in f S 2 . Geochemical data suggest that ore fluids transported base metals, trace elements, and Au together or that a saline, H 2 S-poor fluid containing Fe, Zn, Pb, and Ag mixed with an H 2 S-rich fluid containing Au and trace elements. Primary fluid (LV/LV ±CO 2 ) inclusions in drusy quartz, fluorite, and barite with salinities up to 23 wt % NaCl equiv and eutectic first melting temperatures of –19 to –10°C, are suggestive of ore-stage NaCl-KCl solutions. Secondary inclusions have low salinities (<4 wt % NaCl equiv) and higher first-melting temperatures (–13 to 0°C) suggestive of Na 2 CO 3 -Na 2 SO 4 solutions, and those with salinities close to zero and very low T fm (–56 to –30°C) suggestive of CaCl 2 -MgCl 2 -FeCl 2 solutions represent the latest population of one-phase liquid (L) inclusions. Homogenization temperatures of the primary fluid inclusions (200° ± 20°C) and calculated pressures (~150 bar) are indicative of depths around 1.5 km (assuming hydrostatic conditions). The maximum densities of the CO 2 phase present in aqueous-carbonic inclusions (0.18 g/cm 3 at Agdarreh and 0.29 g/cm 3 at Zarshouran) are indicative of pressures between 100 and 260 bar and depths around 1 km (assuming hydrostatic conditions). These data suggest mixing of immiscible brine and CO 2 -bearing vapor with dilute groundwater. Fluid inclusions in Zarshouran orpiment have δ D H 2O , Na/Cl, and Cl/Br values consistent with magmatic fluids. The δ 18 O of water in equilibrium with jasperoid and drusy quartz is either magmatic, as at Agdarreh, or extends toward meteoric water, as at Zarshouran. The δ 13 C of CO 2 in equilibrium with calcite is characteristic of the host rocks with a minor magmatic component. The δ 34 S of H 2 S in equilibrium with pyrite and sphalerite (1–6‰) is likely magmatic, whereas H 2 S in equilibrium with orpiment, stibnite, cinnabar, and getchellite (8–10‰) was derived in part from sedimentary sources. Late barite has high δ 34 S values typical of marine sulfate. These data indicate that the deposits formed in different parts of a hydrothermal system at the interface between ascending magmatic fluids and local meteoric groundwater in sedimentary or metasedimentary rocks. The characteristics of Agdarreh and Zarshouran suggest that they are shallow manifestations of intrusionrelated hydrothermal systems and, therefore, are best classified as distal disseminated deposits.
Vertical geochemical zonation in the Masjed Daghi porphyry copper-gold deposit, northwestern Iran: implications for exploration of blind mineral deposits Available to Purchase
Test of Goodness of the NGA Ground‐Motion Equations to Predict the Strong Motions of the 2012 Ahar–Varzaghan Dual Earthquakes in Northwestern Iran Available to Purchase
Geochemical effects of endoskarn formation in the Mazraeh Cu–Fe skarn deposit in northwestern Iran Available to Purchase
A Quick Seismological Overview on the Ardebil (M w 6.0; Northwestern Iran) Earthquake of February 28, 1997 Available to Purchase
(A) Geological map of the Angouran mine in northwestern Iran (modified from... Open Access
The position of Kalan peatland in northwestern Iran, along with other sites... Available to Purchase
Location of the study area in northwestern Iran, Azerbaijan province, Maku ... Available to Purchase
Overview of northwestern Iran with topography from Shuttle Radar Topography... Available to Purchase
Exhumation of old rocks during the Zagros collision in the northwestern part of the Zagros Mountains, Iran Available to Purchase
Arabia-Eurasia convergence is accommodated in the Zagros Mountains of southwestern Iran and in the seismic belts of the central Caspian, Alborz, and Kopeh Dagh of northern Iran. The Zagros is a NW-trending fold-and-thrust belt made up of a 6–15-km-thick sedimentary pile, which overlies the Precambrian metamorphic basement. During the Zagros orogeny, some of the Precambrian basement and Lower Paleozoic strata were exhumed from depth and are now exposed in the Golpayegan region in the northwestern part of the Zagros Mountains. The tectonic evolution of the Golpayegan region and the exhumation of the old rocks are interpreted as the product of three major sequential geotectonic events. (1) Major thrusts formed during shortening and exposure of the basement rocks in the Aligudarz block. The rock units are strongly imbricated and sheared, which suggest a high amount of cumulative shortening in the northern Zagros. (2) NE-SW–trending extensional faults (e.g., Eastern Mute, Western Mute, and Mahallat faults) formed during lateral extensional movement after middle Miocene time. In this event, a set of NE-SW–trending horsts and grabens was formed. In the horsts (e.g., Hassan-Robat, Mute, and Mahallat horsts), the Precambrian basement rocks and Lower Paleozoic strata are exposed. (3) Strike-slip movements began that remain active today. Strike-slip motions are well documented for the late Pliocene–Quaternary period. In the Golpayegan region, the Shazand and Dehagh faults cut through the NE-trending normal faults and through Quaternary deposits. Drainages are displaced by ~4 km of dextral movement along the Shazand fault and near the city of Golpayegan.