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NARROW
Format
Article Type
Journal
Publisher
Section
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
-
East African Lakes
-
Lake Tanganyika (2)
-
-
Kalahari Desert (1)
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Madagascar
-
Mahajanga Basin (1)
-
-
North Africa
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Atlas Mountains
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Moroccan Atlas Mountains
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Anti-Atlas (4)
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High Atlas (1)
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-
-
Egypt
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Sinai Egypt (1)
-
-
Morocco
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Moroccan Atlas Mountains
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Anti-Atlas (4)
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High Atlas (1)
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Rabat Morocco (1)
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Rif (1)
-
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Tunisia (1)
-
-
Southern Africa
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Botswana (3)
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Kaapvaal Craton (3)
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Karoo Basin (2)
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Lesotho (2)
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Namaqualand (1)
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Namibia (3)
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South Africa
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Cape fold belt (1)
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Eastern Cape Province South Africa (1)
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Free State South Africa (1)
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Northern Cape Province South Africa (1)
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Sutherland South Africa (1)
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Western Cape Province South Africa (2)
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Swaziland (1)
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Zimbabwe (1)
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West Africa
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Ghana (1)
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Nigeria
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Niger Delta (1)
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-
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Zimbabwe Craton (2)
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Altiplano (3)
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America (1)
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Andros Island (1)
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Antarctica
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Antarctic ice sheet
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East Antarctic ice sheet (1)
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East Antarctica (1)
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Mac Robertson Land
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Prince Charles Mountains (1)
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Transantarctic Mountains (1)
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Victoria Land (1)
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Arctic Ocean
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Barents Sea (2)
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Arctic region
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Greenland
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East Greenland (1)
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Northern Greenland (1)
-
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Russian Arctic
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Severnaya Zemlya (1)
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Svalbard
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Spitsbergen
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Spitsbergen Island
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Ny Friesland (1)
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-
-
-
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Arran (1)
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Asia
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Altai Mountains
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Gorny Altai (2)
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Altai Russian Federation
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Gorny Altai (2)
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Arabian Peninsula
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Arabian Shield (1)
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Kuwait (2)
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Oman
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Oman Mountains (4)
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Saudi Arabia (4)
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United Arab Emirates
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Abu Dhabi (1)
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Ras al-Khaimah (1)
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-
-
Central Asia
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Kazakhstan
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Karatau Range (1)
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Pamirs
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Darvaz (1)
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-
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Far East
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Burma (1)
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China
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Bohaiwan Basin (1)
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Gansu China (1)
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Guangxi China (2)
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Guizhou China (5)
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Hainan China (1)
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Hebei China (1)
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Henan China (2)
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Hubei China
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Yichang China (1)
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Hunan China (2)
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Inner Mongolia China
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Erlian Basin (1)
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Jiangsu China
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Nanjing China (1)
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Loess Plateau (1)
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Meishan China (1)
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Nanling (1)
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North China Platform (2)
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Ordos Basin (2)
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Qaidam Basin (1)
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Qilian Mountains (1)
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Qinghai China (1)
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Sanjiang (2)
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Shaanxi China (1)
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Shandong China (1)
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Sichuan Basin (2)
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Sichuan China (1)
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South China Block (3)
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Xinjiang China
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Xizang China
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Lhasa Block (1)
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Indochina (1)
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Indonesia
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Java (1)
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Japan
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Honshu
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Kurosegawa Zone (1)
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Kyushu
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Korea
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South Korea (3)
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Malay Peninsula
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West Malaysia
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Langkawi Islands (1)
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Malaysia
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West Malaysia
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Langkawi Islands (1)
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Mongolia (3)
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Sino-Korean Platform (1)
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Taiwan (1)
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Vietnam (1)
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Himalayas (3)
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Indian Peninsula
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India
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Andhra Pradesh India
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Cuddapah Basin (1)
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Cuddapah India (1)
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Tirupati India (1)
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Cauvery Basin (1)
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Chhattisgarh India (1)
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Dharwar Craton (1)
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Gujarat India
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Kutch India
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Bhuj India (1)
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Haryana India (1)
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Himachal Pradesh India (2)
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Maharashtra India
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Latur India (1)
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Northeastern India
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Assam India (1)
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Rajasthan India
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Jaisalmer India (1)
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Satpura Range (1)
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Srinagar India (1)
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Tamil Nadu India
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West Bengal India
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Yamuna River (1)
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Indo-Gangetic Plain (1)
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Jammu and Kashmir
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Kohistan (1)
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Pakistan
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Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation
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Middle East
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Iran
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Jordan (2)
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Turkey
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Zagros (2)
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Naga Hills (1)
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Tajikistan
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Darvaz (1)
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Tibetan Plateau (4)
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Tien Shan
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Karatau Range (1)
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West Siberia
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Severnaya Zemlya (1)
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Yakutia Russian Federation
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Anabar Shield (1)
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Mir Pipe (1)
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Udachnaya Pipe (2)
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-
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Atlantic Ocean
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North Atlantic
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Baltic Sea (1)
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Caribbean Sea
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Cariaco Basin (2)
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English Channel (1)
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Great Meteor Seamount (1)
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Hudson Bay (2)
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Labrador Sea (1)
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North Sea
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Brent Field (1)
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East Shetland Basin (1)
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Ekofisk Field (1)
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Skagerrak (1)
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Valhall Field (1)
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Northwest Atlantic (1)
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South Atlantic
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Southwest Atlantic (2)
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Atlantic Ocean Islands
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Bermuda (1)
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Australasia
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Australia
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Amadeus Basin (1)
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Georgina Basin (1)
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New South Wales Australia (2)
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Northern Territory Australia (2)
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Queensland Australia
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Burdekin Delta (1)
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Mount Isa Inlier (1)
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South Australia
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Gawler Craton (1)
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Victoria Australia (2)
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Western Australia
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Canning Basin (4)
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Yilgarn Craton (1)
-
-
-
New Zealand
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Canterbury New Zealand (1)
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Hawke's Bay New Zealand (1)
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-
Papua New Guinea
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Huon Peninsula (1)
-
-
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Avalon Zone (3)
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Bathurst Island (1)
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Beaver Creek (1)
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Black Hills (2)
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Border Ranges Fault (1)
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Bowen Basin (3)
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Canada
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Arctic Archipelago (4)
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Eastern Canada
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Baffin Island (1)
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Maritime Provinces
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New Brunswick
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Gloucester County New Brunswick (1)
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Miramichi Bay (1)
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Moncton Basin (2)
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Nova Scotia
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Colchester County Nova Scotia (1)
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Cumberland County Nova Scotia (1)
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Gays River Deposit (1)
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Hants County Nova Scotia (1)
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Minas Basin (1)
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-
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Meguma Terrane (2)
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Newfoundland and Labrador
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Newfoundland
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Avalon Peninsula (1)
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Burin Peninsula (1)
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Ontario
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Manitoulin Island (8)
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Moose River basin (1)
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-
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Quebec
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Anticosti Island (19)
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-
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Hudson Bay (2)
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Mackenzie Mountains (1)
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Nunavut
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Baffin Island (1)
-
Ellesmere Island (5)
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Southampton Island (1)
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Sverdrup Basin (2)
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Sverdrup Islands
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Axel Heiberg Island (1)
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-
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Queen Elizabeth Islands
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Ellesmere Island (5)
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Parry Islands (1)
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Sverdrup Basin (2)
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Sverdrup Islands
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Axel Heiberg Island (1)
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-
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Ungava (1)
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Western Canada
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Alberta
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Alberta Basin (2)
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Calgary Alberta (1)
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Elmworth Field (1)
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Peace River Arch (2)
-
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British Columbia (15)
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Canadian Rocky Mountains (6)
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Manitoba
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Churchill Manitoba (1)
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Nelson River (1)
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Northwest Territories
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Pine Point mining district (1)
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Yellowknife Northwest Territories (1)
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Saskatchewan (12)
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Yukon Territory
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Royal Creek (1)
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Caribbean region
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West Indies
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Antilles
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Greater Antilles
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Jamaica (1)
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Lesser Antilles
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Barbados (2)
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Trinidad and Tobago
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Cascade Range (1)
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Caspian Basin (1)
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Central America
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Panama
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Central Basin (3)
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Chalk Aquifer (1)
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Commonwealth of Independent States
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Belarus
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Kazakhstan
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Karatau Range (1)
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Russian Federation
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Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation
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Leningrad Oblast Russian Federation
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Orenburg Russian Federation (1)
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Europe
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Belarus
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Germany
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Hungary (1)
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Poland
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Slovakia (1)
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Switzerland
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Orenburg Russian Federation (1)
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Southern Europe
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Indian Ocean
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Arabian Sea
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Red Sea
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-
Dasycladaceae (1)
-
-
Tasmanites (2)
-
-
Rhodophyta
-
Corallinaceae (1)
-
-
-
Pteridophyta
-
Filicopsida
-
Archaeopteris (2)
-
-
Lycopsida
-
Lepidodendron (1)
-
-
Sphenopsida
-
Equisetales (1)
-
-
-
Spermatophyta
-
Angiospermae
-
Dicotyledoneae
-
Betula (1)
-
Dryas (1)
-
Hamamelididae (1)
-
Rosidae (1)
-
-
-
Gymnospermae
-
Coniferales (6)
-
Cordaitales
-
Cordaites (1)
-
-
Dadoxylon (1)
-
Pteridospermae (3)
-
-
-
-
problematic fossils
-
problematic microfossils (1)
-
-
Pterobranchia (3)
-
thallophytes (2)
-
tracks (7)
-
trails (1)
-
-
geochronology methods
-
(U-Th)/He (7)
-
Ar/Ar (8)
-
exposure age (7)
-
fission-track dating (5)
-
infrared stimulated luminescence (1)
-
K/Ar (2)
-
Lu/Hf (3)
-
Nd/Nd (2)
-
optically stimulated luminescence (6)
-
paleomagnetism (12)
-
Pb/Pb (4)
-
Pb/Th (2)
-
racemization (1)
-
radiation damage (1)
-
Rb/Sr (3)
-
sclerochronology (1)
-
Sm/Nd (5)
-
Sr/Sr (2)
-
terrestrial age (1)
-
Th/U (5)
-
thermochronology (7)
-
U/Pb (61)
-
U/Th/Pb (3)
-
-
geologic age
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene
-
lower Holocene (2)
-
upper Holocene (12)
-
-
Pleistocene
-
Champlain Sea (1)
-
Illinoian (3)
-
Lake Agassiz (1)
-
Lake Missoula (1)
-
lower Pleistocene (1)
-
middle Pleistocene (1)
-
upper Pleistocene
-
Eemian (1)
-
Sangamonian (1)
-
Weichselian
-
upper Weichselian
-
Younger Dryas (1)
-
-
-
Wisconsinan
-
upper Wisconsinan (4)
-
-
-
-
upper Quaternary (7)
-
-
Siwalik System (1)
-
Stone Age
-
Paleolithic
-
Acheulian (1)
-
-
-
Tertiary
-
Asmari Formation (1)
-
Catahoula Formation (2)
-
lower Tertiary (1)
-
Neogene
-
Hemphillian (1)
-
Miocene
-
Calvert Formation (1)
-
Columbia River Basalt Group (2)
-
Fleming Formation (1)
-
lower Miocene
-
Burdigalian (1)
-
-
middle Miocene (3)
-
Picture Gorge Basalt (1)
-
upper Miocene
-
Messinian (3)
-
-
Wood Mountain Formation (1)
-
-
Pliocene
-
lower Pliocene (2)
-
upper Pliocene (9)
-
-
upper Neogene (1)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Barail Group (1)
-
Dongying Formation (1)
-
Eocene
-
Avon Park Formation (1)
-
Bridger Formation (1)
-
Castle Hayne Limestone (1)
-
Dammam Formation (1)
-
Green River Formation (4)
-
Lake Gosiute (1)
-
Lake Uinta (1)
-
lower Eocene
-
Thebes Formation (1)
-
Willwood Formation (1)
-
Ypresian (1)
-
-
middle Eocene
-
Claiborne Group (6)
-
Laney Shale Member (1)
-
Tallahatta Formation (1)
-
Tyee Formation (1)
-
-
upper Eocene (1)
-
Wilkins Peak Member (1)
-
-
Hanna Formation (1)
-
Oligocene
-
Frio Formation (2)
-
upper Oligocene (2)
-
Vicksburg Group (1)
-
-
Paleocene
-
Clayton Formation (1)
-
lower Paleocene
-
Danian (3)
-
K-T boundary (3)
-
-
Midway Group (1)
-
Porters Creek Formation (2)
-
Ravenscrag Formation (1)
-
upper Paleocene (1)
-
-
Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (2)
-
Wilcox Group (4)
-
-
-
upper Cenozoic (2)
-
-
Coal Measures (4)
-
Dalradian (1)
-
Lake Bonneville (1)
-
Laurentide ice sheet (7)
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Comanchean
-
Edwards Formation (2)
-
Rodessa Formation (1)
-
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Agrio Formation (2)
-
Albian
-
upper Albian (1)
-
-
Aptian (3)
-
Berriasian (1)
-
Bluesky Formation (1)
-
Cadomin Formation (1)
-
Cloverly Formation (1)
-
Edwards Formation (2)
-
Gething Formation (1)
-
Hauterivian (1)
-
Mannville Group (4)
-
Mowry Shale (1)
-
Rodessa Formation (1)
-
Sligo Formation (1)
-
Valanginian (1)
-
-
Middle Cretaceous (2)
-
Mishash Formation (1)
-
Natih Formation (1)
-
Potomac Group (1)
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Bearpaw Formation (2)
-
Belle Fourche Shale (1)
-
Belly River Formation (1)
-
Blackhawk Formation (1)
-
Campanian (9)
-
Carlile Shale (1)
-
Castlegate Sandstone (1)
-
Cenomanian
-
Dunvegan Formation (1)
-
-
Eagle Sandstone (1)
-
Edmonton Group (1)
-
Eutaw Formation (1)
-
Frontier Formation (2)
-
Fruitland Formation (1)
-
Ghareb Formation (1)
-
Greenhorn Limestone (1)
-
Gulfian
-
Aguja Formation (1)
-
Eagle Ford Formation (5)
-
Woodbine Formation (1)
-
-
Horseshoe Canyon Formation (1)
-
Javelina Formation (1)
-
Judith River Formation (4)
-
K-T boundary (3)
-
Lance Formation (1)
-
Lewis Shale (1)
-
Maestrichtian
-
upper Maestrichtian (2)
-
-
Maevarano Formation (1)
-
Menuha Formation (1)
-
Mesaverde Group (3)
-
Milk River Formation (1)
-
Niobrara Formation (1)
-
Pierre Shale (1)
-
Rock Springs Formation (1)
-
Senonian (6)
-
Turonian (2)
-
Tuscaloosa Formation (2)
-
Williams Fork Formation (2)
-
-
Whitemud Formation (2)
-
-
Franciscan Complex (1)
-
Jurassic
-
Aztec Sandstone (1)
-
Bazhenov Formation (1)
-
Fernie Formation (1)
-
Heather Formation (2)
-
Lower Jurassic
-
Hettangian (1)
-
-
Middle Jurassic
-
Aalenian (2)
-
Bajocian
-
Brent Group (2)
-
Tarbert Formation (1)
-
-
Bathonian (2)
-
Callovian (1)
-
Xishanyao Formation (1)
-
-
Norphlet Formation (1)
-
Posidonia Shale (1)
-
Twin Creek Limestone (1)
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Arab Formation (1)
-
Brushy Basin Member (1)
-
Buckner Formation (2)
-
Entrada Sandstone (1)
-
Haynesville Formation (2)
-
Kimmeridge Clay (1)
-
Kimmeridgian
-
upper Kimmeridgian (1)
-
-
Morrison Formation (2)
-
Oxfordian (1)
-
Portlandian (1)
-
Smackover Formation (2)
-
Tithonian (2)
-
-
-
lower Mesozoic (1)
-
Navajo Sandstone (2)
-
Nugget Sandstone (1)
-
Statfjord Formation (1)
-
Triassic
-
Liard Formation (1)
-
Lower Triassic
-
Dinwoody Formation (1)
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (6)
-
Spathian (1)
-
Thaynes Formation (1)
-
-
Middle Triassic
-
Anisian (1)
-
Doig Formation (1)
-
Ladinian (2)
-
-
Moenkopi Formation (1)
-
Montney Formation (1)
-
Sherwood Sandstone (1)
-
Upper Triassic
-
Carnian (1)
-
Rhaetian
-
Penarth Group (1)
-
-
Yanchang Formation (1)
-
-
-
Vaca Muerta Formation (3)
-
-
MIS 6 (1)
-
Paleozoic
-
Arbuckle Group (1)
-
Bedford Shale (2)
-
Berea Sandstone (7)
-
Bird Spring Formation (1)
-
Cambrian
-
Acadian (2)
-
Conasauga Group (3)
-
Lancara Formation (1)
-
Lower Cambrian
-
Chilhowee Group (3)
-
Gog Group (1)
-
Murphy Marble (1)
-
Rome Formation (2)
-
-
Middle Cambrian
-
Burgess Shale (1)
-
Marjum Formation (1)
-
Wheeler Formation (2)
-
-
Upper Cambrian
-
Bonneterre Formation (1)
-
Copper Ridge Dolomite (1)
-
Dresbachian (1)
-
Eau Claire Formation (6)
-
Furongian (1)
-
Lamotte Sandstone (2)
-
Mount Simon Sandstone (21)
-
Wilberns Formation (1)
-
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Albert Formation (2)
-
Amsden Formation (1)
-
Bartlesville Sand (1)
-
Big Snowy Group (1)
-
Ely Limestone (1)
-
Jackfork Group (2)
-
Johns Valley Formation (1)
-
Lower Carboniferous
-
Asbian (2)
-
Dinantian (13)
-
-
Mabou Group (1)
-
Middle Carboniferous (1)
-
Mississippian
-
Barnett Shale (9)
-
Boone Formation (3)
-
Borden Group (10)
-
Harrodsburg Limestone (1)
-
Lower Mississippian
-
Cuyahoga Formation (6)
-
Fort Payne Formation (14)
-
Kinderhookian
-
Banff Formation (1)
-
-
Lake Valley Formation (4)
-
Lodgepole Formation (2)
-
Osagian
-
Burlington Limestone (7)
-
Keokuk Limestone (4)
-
-
Pocono Formation (2)
-
Tournaisian
-
upper Tournaisian (2)
-
-
-
Madison Group (2)
-
Middle Mississippian
-
Visean
-
upper Visean (2)
-
-
-
Price Formation (3)
-
Ramp Creek Formation (1)
-
Redwall Limestone (1)
-
Sunbury Shale (4)
-
Upper Mississippian
-
Chesterian
-
Aux Vases Sandstone (2)
-
Cypress Sandstone (1)
-
Imo Formation (2)
-
Renault Formation (1)
-
-
Fayetteville Formation (4)
-
Greenbrier Limestone (4)
-
Hartselle Sandstone (4)
-
Heath Formation (2)
-
Hinton Formation (1)
-
Mauch Chunk Formation (2)
-
Meramecian
-
Saint Louis Limestone (1)
-
Sainte Genevieve Limestone (3)
-
Salem Limestone (4)
-
Warsaw Formation (1)
-
-
Pennington Formation (1)
-
Pitkin Limestone (1)
-
Serpukhovian (12)
-
Tuscumbia Limestone (1)
-
-
Valmeyeran (2)
-
Windsor Group (2)
-
-
Namurian (6)
-
Pennsylvanian
-
Brazil Formation (1)
-
Conemaugh Group (4)
-
Cumberland Group (1)
-
Herrin Coal Member (1)
-
Joggins Formation (1)
-
Lower Pennsylvanian
-
Bashkirian (3)
-
Caseyville Formation (1)
-
Lee Formation (1)
-
Morrowan
-
Bloyd Formation (1)
-
-
New River Formation (1)
-
Pocahontas Formation (1)
-
-
Mansfield Formation (1)
-
Mary Lee Coal (2)
-
Mattoon Formation (1)
-
Middle Pennsylvanian
-
Allegheny Group (5)
-
Atokan
-
Atoka Formation (1)
-
-
Breathitt Formation (2)
-
Carbondale Formation (2)
-
Danville Coal Member (1)
-
Desmoinesian (9)
-
Kanawha Formation (1)
-
Moscovian (10)
-
Staunton Formation (1)
-
-
Monongahela Group (2)
-
Pittsburgh Coal (1)
-
Pottsville Group (6)
-
Saginaw Formation (1)
-
Springfield Coal Member (1)
-
Strawn Series (1)
-
Upper Pennsylvanian
-
Ames Limestone (2)
-
Cisco Group (1)
-
Glenshaw Formation (1)
-
Gzhelian (3)
-
Kasimovian (3)
-
Missourian
-
Wann Formation (1)
-
-
Virgilian
-
Shawnee Group (1)
-
Tonganoxie Sandstone (1)
-
-
-
-
Silesian (1)
-
Upper Carboniferous
-
Millstone Grit (4)
-
Stephanian (1)
-
Westphalian (7)
-
-
-
Catskill Formation (3)
-
Chattanooga Shale (9)
-
Devonian
-
Beaverhill Lake Group (1)
-
Genesee Group (3)
-
Guilmette Formation (1)
-
Keg River Formation (1)
-
Levis Shale (1)
-
Lower Devonian
-
Emsian (11)
-
Lochkovian (2)
-
Manlius Formation (2)
-
Oriskany Sandstone (5)
-
Pragian (3)
-
York River Formation (1)
-
-
Middle Devonian
-
Boyle Dolomite (1)
-
Delaware Limestone (1)
-
Detroit River Group (1)
-
Dundee Limestone (2)
-
Eifelian (9)
-
Elk Point Group (1)
-
Givetian (11)
-
Hamilton Group (8)
-
Jeffersonville Limestone (2)
-
Marcellus Shale (18)
-
Moscow Formation (3)
-
Onondaga Limestone (9)
-
Sylvania Formation (1)
-
Tioga Bentonite (2)
-
Tully Limestone (5)
-
-
Millboro Shale (2)
-
Old Red Sandstone (2)
-
Ramparts Formation (1)
-
Swan Hills Formation (3)
-
Upper Devonian
-
Chemung Formation (1)
-
Cleveland Member (2)
-
Famennian
-
upper Famennian (2)
-
-
Frasnian (9)
-
Grosmont Formation (1)
-
Hampshire Formation (2)
-
Huron Member (4)
-
Jefferson Group (2)
-
Kellwasser event (1)
-
Nisku Formation (1)
-
Ohio Shale (15)
-
Olentangy Shale (1)
-
Palliser Formation (1)
-
Strunian (1)
-
West Falls Formation (1)
-
-
Waterways Formation (1)
-
-
Dunkard Group (1)
-
Ellis Bay Formation (7)
-
Exshaw Formation (2)
-
Helderberg Group (3)
-
Itarare Subgroup (1)
-
Keyser Limestone (1)
-
Knox Group (15)
-
Lisburne Group (2)
-
lower Paleozoic
-
Ashe Formation (1)
-
Cape Phillips Formation (1)
-
Chopawamsic Formation (1)
-
Conococheague Formation (2)
-
Rose Run Sandstone (3)
-
-
Maroon Formation (1)
-
middle Paleozoic
-
Hillabee Chlorite Schist (2)
-
-
New Albany Shale (13)
-
Ordovician
-
Acoite Formation (1)
-
Chickamauga Group (1)
-
Gualcamayo Formation (1)
-
Lexington Limestone (5)
-
Lower Ordovician
-
Arenigian (1)
-
Beekmantown Group (4)
-
Ellenburger Group (3)
-
Fillmore Formation (1)
-
Floian (4)
-
Ibexian (2)
-
Manitou Formation (1)
-
Mascot Dolomite (1)
-
Saint George Group (3)
-
Tremadocian (3)
-
-
Martinsburg Formation (4)
-
Middle Ordovician
-
Black River Group (2)
-
Bromide Formation (1)
-
Champlainian (1)
-
Chazyan (3)
-
Dapingian (1)
-
Darriwilian (8)
-
Decorah Shale (1)
-
Deicke Bentonite Bed (4)
-
Galena Dolomite (1)
-
Lenoir Limestone (1)
-
Llandeilian (1)
-
Llanvirnian (3)
-
Millbrig Bentonite Bed (4)
-
Normanskill Formation (1)
-
Platteville Formation (2)
-
Saint Peter Sandstone (6)
-
Simpson Group (2)
-
Table Head Group (2)
-
Whiterockian (3)
-
-
Montoya Group (2)
-
Pogonip Group (2)
-
Trenton Group (12)
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Ashgillian (5)
-
Bighorn Dolomite (3)
-
Caradocian (5)
-
Cincinnatian
-
Maysvillian (4)
-
Richmondian (6)
-
-
Edenian (4)
-
Fairview Formation (11)
-
Hirnantian (8)
-
Juniata Formation (1)
-
Katian (37)
-
Kope Formation (22)
-
Maquoketa Formation (7)
-
Mohawkian (5)
-
Queenston Shale (1)
-
Red River Formation (4)
-
Reedsville Formation (1)
-
Sandbian (9)
-
Trentonian (8)
-
Yeoman Formation (2)
-
-
Utica Shale (12)
-
Viola Limestone (2)
-
Womble Shale (1)
-
-
Permian
-
Castile Formation (2)
-
Coconino Sandstone (1)
-
Cutler Formation (1)
-
Ecca Group (1)
-
Guadalupian
-
Bell Canyon Formation (2)
-
Capitan Formation (1)
-
Capitanian (2)
-
Roadian (1)
-
Wordian (1)
-
-
Kaibab Formation (2)
-
Khuff Formation (1)
-
Lower Permian
-
Abo Formation (1)
-
Barakar Stage (1)
-
Cisuralian
-
Artinskian (2)
-
Kungurian (1)
-
Sakmarian (2)
-
-
Leonardian (1)
-
Wolfcampian (1)
-
-
Meade Peak Member (1)
-
Phosphoria Formation (2)
-
Rio Bonito Formation (1)
-
Toroweap Formation (1)
-
Unayzah Formation (1)
-
Upper Permian
-
Changxing Formation (1)
-
Kazanian (1)
-
Lopingian
-
Changhsingian (2)
-
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (6)
-
Tatarian (1)
-
-
Yeso Formation (1)
-
-
Petersburg Granite (1)
-
Pilot Shale (1)
-
Road River Formation (2)
-
Sauk Sequence (3)
-
Silurian
-
Bainbridge Formation (1)
-
Clinch Sandstone (1)
-
Lockport Formation (4)
-
Lower Silurian
-
Brassfield Formation (6)
-
Grimsby Sandstone (1)
-
Llandovery
-
Aeronian (4)
-
Rhuddanian (4)
-
Telychian (2)
-
-
Qalibah Formation (1)
-
Tuscarora Formation (6)
-
Wenlock
-
Homerian (2)
-
-
Whirlpool Sandstone (1)
-
-
Middle Silurian
-
Clinton Group (3)
-
Keefer Sandstone (2)
-
McKenzie Formation (2)
-
Rose Hill Formation (1)
-
Waldron Shale (1)
-
-
Niagaran (8)
-
Upper Silurian
-
Cayugan
-
Tonoloway Limestone (1)
-
Williamsport Sandstone (1)
-
-
Ludlow (2)
-
Salina Group (5)
-
-
-
Supai Formation (1)
-
Taiyuan Formation (1)
-
Talchir Formation (1)
-
Talladega Group (2)
-
Tippecanoe Sequence (1)
-
upper Paleozoic
-
Antrim Shale (5)
-
Arkansas Novaculite (1)
-
Bakken Formation (2)
-
Kaskaskia Sequence (1)
-
-
Wells Formation (1)
-
Woodford Shale (5)
-
-
Phanerozoic (13)
-
Precambrian
-
Archean
-
Peninsular Gneiss (1)
-
-
Cuddapah System (1)
-
Great Smoky Group (1)
-
Gunflint Iron Formation (1)
-
Nonesuch Shale (1)
-
Sokoman Formation (1)
-
Transvaal Supergroup (1)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Great Oxidation Event (1)
-
Huronian (1)
-
Kombolgie Formation (1)
-
Mesoproterozoic
-
Apache Group (1)
-
Belt Supergroup (1)
-
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Cryogenian (1)
-
Dengying Formation (2)
-
Ediacaran (8)
-
Riphean (2)
-
Vendian (4)
-
Walden Creek Group (1)
-
-
Oronto Group (1)
-
Paleoproterozoic (7)
-
Sinian
-
Dengying Formation (2)
-
-
Windermere System (1)
-
-
-
Witwatersrand Supergroup (1)
-
-
-
igneous rocks
-
agglutinates (1)
-
igneous rocks
-
carbonatites (4)
-
kimberlite (17)
-
plutonic rocks
-
diabase (2)
-
diorites
-
tonalite (2)
-
trondhjemite (1)
-
-
gabbros (2)
-
granites (13)
-
granodiorites (1)
-
pegmatite (2)
-
ultramafics
-
peridotites
-
harzburgite (1)
-
lherzolite (2)
-
-
pyroxenite
-
garnet pyroxenite (1)
-
orthopyroxenite (1)
-
websterite (1)
-
-
-
-
porphyry (1)
-
volcanic rocks
-
andesites (2)
-
basalts
-
flood basalts (1)
-
ocean-island basalts (1)
-
-
glasses (1)
-
phonolites (1)
-
pyroclastics
-
ash-flow tuff (1)
-
tuff (3)
-
-
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granite gneiss (1)
-
orthogneiss (2)
-
paragneiss (3)
-
-
marbles (4)
-
metaigneous rocks
-
metabasalt (1)
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metadacite (1)
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metagabbro (1)
-
-
metasedimentary rocks
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metachert (1)
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metapelite (1)
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paragneiss (3)
-
-
metasomatic rocks
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skarn (5)
-
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metavolcanic rocks (2)
-
mylonites
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pseudotachylite (1)
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phyllites (1)
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quartzites
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ferruginous quartzite (1)
-
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schists
-
black schists (1)
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greenstone (2)
-
hornblende schist (1)
-
-
slates (2)
-
-
metamorphism (26)
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metasomatism (32)
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meteorites
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iron meteorites
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octahedrite (1)
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-
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meteorology (1)
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Mexico
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Baja California (1)
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Chiapas Mexico (1)
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Chihuahua Mexico (1)
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Coahuila Mexico (1)
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Sabinas Basin (1)
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Sonora Mexico (3)
-
-
mineral deposits, genesis (50)
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mineral exploration (16)
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mineral resources (4)
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mineralogy (1)
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minerals (2)
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mining geology (9)
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Mohorovicic discontinuity (4)
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mud volcanoes (1)
-
museums (6)
-
nitrogen
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N-15/N-14 (4)
-
-
noble gases
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argon
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Ar-36 (2)
-
Ar-40 (1)
-
Ar-40/Ar-36 (2)
-
-
helium
-
He-3 (2)
-
He-4/He-3 (3)
-
-
krypton
-
Kr-84 (2)
-
-
radon
-
Rn-222 (1)
-
-
xenon
-
Xe-129 (1)
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-
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nodules (1)
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nonmetal deposits (1)
-
North America
-
Appalachian Basin (83)
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Appalachians
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Allegheny Mountains (2)
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Appalachian Plateau (8)
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Blue Ridge Mountains (14)
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Blue Ridge Province (10)
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Central Appalachians (25)
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Cumberland Plateau (2)
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Great Appalachian Valley (2)
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Northern Appalachians (7)
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Piedmont
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Inner Piedmont (5)
-
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Southern Appalachians (37)
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Valley and Ridge Province (18)
-
-
Basin and Range Province
-
Great Basin (2)
-
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Canadian Shield
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Grenville Province (5)
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Slave Province (1)
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Superior Province (1)
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-
Champlain Valley (1)
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Denali Fault (3)
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Great Lakes
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Lake Michigan (1)
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Lake Superior (2)
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Great Lakes region (5)
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Great Plains
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Northern Great Plains (1)
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Grenville Front (3)
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Gulf Coastal Plain (28)
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Keweenawan Rift (3)
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Lake Superior region (1)
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Mexicali Valley (1)
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Michigan Basin (24)
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Mississippi River basin (4)
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Niagara Escarpment (2)
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Niagara Falls (1)
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North American Cordillera (3)
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North American Craton (1)
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Peninsular Ranges Batholith (1)
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Rocky Mountains
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Canadian Rocky Mountains (6)
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Northern Rocky Mountains (1)
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U. S. Rocky Mountains
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Bighorn Mountains (4)
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Bridger Range (1)
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Gore Range (1)
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Gravelly Range (1)
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Laramie Mountains (1)
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San Juan Mountains (1)
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Sangre de Cristo Mountains (1)
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Sawatch Range (3)
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Uinta Mountains (1)
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Wasatch Range (2)
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Saint Lawrence Lowlands (2)
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Saint Lawrence River (1)
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Transcontinental Arch (1)
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Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (12)
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Western Interior
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Western Interior Seaway (2)
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Western Overthrust Belt (3)
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Williston Basin (8)
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Yakutat Terrane (1)
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Northern Hemisphere (1)
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nuclear facilities (1)
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ocean basins (1)
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ocean circulation (1)
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Ocean Drilling Program (1)
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ocean floors (5)
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ocean waves (2)
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Oceania
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Polynesia
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Hawaii
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Hawaii County Hawaii
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Hawaii Island
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Kilauea (1)
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-
-
oil and gas fields (72)
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orogeny (53)
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oxygen
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O-18/O-16 (52)
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Pacific Coast (2)
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Pacific Ocean
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East Pacific
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Northeast Pacific
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Cascadia Basin (1)
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Gulf of Alaska (1)
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North Pacific
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Northeast Pacific
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Cascadia Basin (1)
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Gulf of Alaska (1)
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Northwest Pacific
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Okinawa Trough (1)
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Yellow Sea
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Bohai Sea
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Bohai Bay (1)
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-
-
-
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South Pacific
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Southwest Pacific
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Cook Strait (1)
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Gulf of Carpentaria (1)
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Java Sea (1)
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-
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West Pacific
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Indonesian Seas
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Java Sea (1)
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Northwest Pacific
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Okinawa Trough (1)
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Yellow Sea
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Bohai Sea
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Bohai Bay (1)
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-
-
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Southwest Pacific
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Cook Strait (1)
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Gulf of Carpentaria (1)
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Java Sea (1)
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Sunda Shelf (1)
-
-
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paleobotany (2)
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paleoclimatology (75)
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paleoecology (197)
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paleogeography (143)
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paleomagnetism (12)
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paleontology (34)
-
Paleozoic
-
Arbuckle Group (1)
-
Bedford Shale (2)
-
Berea Sandstone (7)
-
Bird Spring Formation (1)
-
Cambrian
-
Acadian (2)
-
Conasauga Group (3)
-
Lancara Formation (1)
-
Lower Cambrian
-
Chilhowee Group (3)
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Gog Group (1)
-
Murphy Marble (1)
-
Rome Formation (2)
-
-
Middle Cambrian
-
Burgess Shale (1)
-
Marjum Formation (1)
-
Wheeler Formation (2)
-
-
Upper Cambrian
-
Bonneterre Formation (1)
-
Copper Ridge Dolomite (1)
-
Dresbachian (1)
-
Eau Claire Formation (6)
-
Furongian (1)
-
Lamotte Sandstone (2)
-
Mount Simon Sandstone (21)
-
Wilberns Formation (1)
-
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Albert Formation (2)
-
Amsden Formation (1)
-
Bartlesville Sand (1)
-
Big Snowy Group (1)
-
Ely Limestone (1)
-
Jackfork Group (2)
-
Johns Valley Formation (1)
-
Lower Carboniferous
-
Asbian (2)
-
Dinantian (13)
-
-
Mabou Group (1)
-
Middle Carboniferous (1)
-
Mississippian
-
Barnett Shale (9)
-
Boone Formation (3)
-
Borden Group (10)
-
Harrodsburg Limestone (1)
-
Lower Mississippian
-
Cuyahoga Formation (6)
-
Fort Payne Formation (14)
-
Kinderhookian
-
Banff Formation (1)
-
-
Lake Valley Formation (4)
-
Lodgepole Formation (2)
-
Osagian
-
Burlington Limestone (7)
-
Keokuk Limestone (4)
-
-
Pocono Formation (2)
-
Tournaisian
-
upper Tournaisian (2)
-
-
-
Madison Group (2)
-
Middle Mississippian
-
Visean
-
upper Visean (2)
-
-
-
Price Formation (3)
-
Ramp Creek Formation (1)
-
Redwall Limestone (1)
-
Sunbury Shale (4)
-
Upper Mississippian
-
Chesterian
-
Aux Vases Sandstone (2)
-
Cypress Sandstone (1)
-
Imo Formation (2)
-
Renault Formation (1)
-
-
Fayetteville Formation (4)
-
Greenbrier Limestone (4)
-
Hartselle Sandstone (4)
-
Heath Formation (2)
-
Hinton Formation (1)
-
Mauch Chunk Formation (2)
-
Meramecian
-
Saint Louis Limestone (1)
-
Sainte Genevieve Limestone (3)
-
Salem Limestone (4)
-
Warsaw Formation (1)
-
-
Pennington Formation (1)
-
Pitkin Limestone (1)
-
Serpukhovian (12)
-
Tuscumbia Limestone (1)
-
-
Valmeyeran (2)
-
Windsor Group (2)
-
-
Namurian (6)
-
Pennsylvanian
-
Brazil Formation (1)
-
Conemaugh Group (4)
-
Cumberland Group (1)
-
Herrin Coal Member (1)
-
Joggins Formation (1)
-
Lower Pennsylvanian
-
Bashkirian (3)
-
Caseyville Formation (1)
-
Lee Formation (1)
-
Morrowan
-
Bloyd Formation (1)
-
-
New River Formation (1)
-
Pocahontas Formation (1)
-
-
Mansfield Formation (1)
-
Mary Lee Coal (2)
-
Mattoon Formation (1)
-
Middle Pennsylvanian
-
Allegheny Group (5)
-
Atokan
-
Atoka Formation (1)
-
-
Breathitt Formation (2)
-
Carbondale Formation (2)
-
Danville Coal Member (1)
-
Desmoinesian (9)
-
Kanawha Formation (1)
-
Moscovian (10)
-
Staunton Formation (1)
-
-
Monongahela Group (2)
-
Pittsburgh Coal (1)
-
Pottsville Group (6)
-
Saginaw Formation (1)
-
Springfield Coal Member (1)
-
Strawn Series (1)
-
Upper Pennsylvanian
-
Ames Limestone (2)
-
Cisco Group (1)
-
Glenshaw Formation (1)
-
Gzhelian (3)
-
Kasimovian (3)
-
Missourian
-
Wann Formation (1)
-
-
Virgilian
-
Shawnee Group (1)
-
Tonganoxie Sandstone (1)
-
-
-
-
Silesian (1)
-
Upper Carboniferous
-
Millstone Grit (4)
-
Stephanian (1)
-
Westphalian (7)
-
-
-
Catskill Formation (3)
-
Chattanooga Shale (9)
-
Devonian
-
Beaverhill Lake Group (1)
-
Genesee Group (3)
-
Guilmette Formation (1)
-
Keg River Formation (1)
-
Levis Shale (1)
-
Lower Devonian
-
Emsian (11)
-
Lochkovian (2)
-
Manlius Formation (2)
-
Oriskany Sandstone (5)
-
Pragian (3)
-
York River Formation (1)
-
-
Middle Devonian
-
Boyle Dolomite (1)
-
Delaware Limestone (1)
-
Detroit River Group (1)
-
Dundee Limestone (2)
-
Eifelian (9)
-
Elk Point Group (1)
-
Givetian (11)
-
Hamilton Group (8)
-
Jeffersonville Limestone (2)
-
Marcellus Shale (18)
-
Moscow Formation (3)
-
Onondaga Limestone (9)
-
Sylvania Formation (1)
-
Tioga Bentonite (2)
-
Tully Limestone (5)
-
-
Millboro Shale (2)
-
Old Red Sandstone (2)
-
Ramparts Formation (1)
-
Swan Hills Formation (3)
-
Upper Devonian
-
Chemung Formation (1)
-
Cleveland Member (2)
-
Famennian
-
upper Famennian (2)
-
-
Frasnian (9)
-
Grosmont Formation (1)
-
Hampshire Formation (2)
-
Huron Member (4)
-
Jefferson Group (2)
-
Kellwasser event (1)
-
Nisku Formation (1)
-
Ohio Shale (15)
-
Olentangy Shale (1)
-
Palliser Formation (1)
-
Strunian (1)
-
West Falls Formation (1)
-
-
Waterways Formation (1)
-
-
Dunkard Group (1)
-
Ellis Bay Formation (7)
-
Exshaw Formation (2)
-
Helderberg Group (3)
-
Itarare Subgroup (1)
-
Keyser Limestone (1)
-
Knox Group (15)
-
Lisburne Group (2)
-
lower Paleozoic
-
Ashe Formation (1)
-
Cape Phillips Formation (1)
-
Chopawamsic Formation (1)
-
Conococheague Formation (2)
-
Rose Run Sandstone (3)
-
-
Maroon Formation (1)
-
middle Paleozoic
-
Hillabee Chlorite Schist (2)
-
-
New Albany Shale (13)
-
Ordovician
-
Acoite Formation (1)
-
Chickamauga Group (1)
-
Gualcamayo Formation (1)
-
Lexington Limestone (5)
-
Lower Ordovician
-
Arenigian (1)
-
Beekmantown Group (4)
-
Ellenburger Group (3)
-
Fillmore Formation (1)
-
Floian (4)
-
Ibexian (2)
-
Manitou Formation (1)
-
Mascot Dolomite (1)
-
Saint George Group (3)
-
Tremadocian (3)
-
-
Martinsburg Formation (4)
-
Middle Ordovician
-
Black River Group (2)
-
Bromide Formation (1)
-
Champlainian (1)
-
Chazyan (3)
-
Dapingian (1)
-
Darriwilian (8)
-
Decorah Shale (1)
-
Deicke Bentonite Bed (4)
-
Galena Dolomite (1)
-
Lenoir Limestone (1)
-
Llandeilian (1)
-
Llanvirnian (3)
-
Millbrig Bentonite Bed (4)
-
Normanskill Formation (1)
-
Platteville Formation (2)
-
Saint Peter Sandstone (6)
-
Simpson Group (2)
-
Table Head Group (2)
-
Whiterockian (3)
-
-
Montoya Group (2)
-
Pogonip Group (2)
-
Trenton Group (12)
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Ashgillian (5)
-
Bighorn Dolomite (3)
-
Caradocian (5)
-
Cincinnatian
-
Maysvillian (4)
-
Richmondian (6)
-
-
Edenian (4)
-
Fairview Formation (11)
-
Hirnantian (8)
-
Juniata Formation (1)
-
Katian (37)
-
Kope Formation (22)
-
Maquoketa Formation (7)
-
Mohawkian (5)
-
Queenston Shale (1)
-
Red River Formation (4)
-
Reedsville Formation (1)
-
Sandbian (9)
-
Trentonian (8)
-
Yeoman Formation (2)
-
-
Utica Shale (12)
-
Viola Limestone (2)
-
Womble Shale (1)
-
-
Permian
-
Castile Formation (2)
-
Coconino Sandstone (1)
-
Cutler Formation (1)
-
Ecca Group (1)
-
Guadalupian
-
Bell Canyon Formation (2)
-
Capitan Formation (1)
-
Capitanian (2)
-
Roadian (1)
-
Wordian (1)
-
-
Kaibab Formation (2)
-
Khuff Formation (1)
-
Lower Permian
-
Abo Formation (1)
-
Barakar Stage (1)
-
Cisuralian
-
Artinskian (2)
-
Kungurian (1)
-
Sakmarian (2)
-
-
Leonardian (1)
-
Wolfcampian (1)
-
-
Meade Peak Member (1)
-
Phosphoria Formation (2)
-
Rio Bonito Formation (1)
-
Toroweap Formation (1)
-
Unayzah Formation (1)
-
Upper Permian
-
Changxing Formation (1)
-
Kazanian (1)
-
Lopingian
-
Changhsingian (2)
-
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (6)
-
Tatarian (1)
-
-
Yeso Formation (1)
-
-
Petersburg Granite (1)
-
Pilot Shale (1)
-
Road River Formation (2)
-
Sauk Sequence (3)
-
Silurian
-
Bainbridge Formation (1)
-
Clinch Sandstone (1)
-
Lockport Formation (4)
-
Lower Silurian
-
Brassfield Formation (6)
-
Grimsby Sandstone (1)
-
Llandovery
-
Aeronian (4)
-
Rhuddanian (4)
-
Telychian (2)
-
-
Qalibah Formation (1)
-
Tuscarora Formation (6)
-
Wenlock
-
Homerian (2)
-
-
Whirlpool Sandstone (1)
-
-
Middle Silurian
-
Clinton Group (3)
-
Keefer Sandstone (2)
-
McKenzie Formation (2)
-
Rose Hill Formation (1)
-
Waldron Shale (1)
-
-
Niagaran (8)
-
Upper Silurian
-
Cayugan
-
Tonoloway Limestone (1)
-
Williamsport Sandstone (1)
-
-
Ludlow (2)
-
Salina Group (5)
-
-
-
Supai Formation (1)
-
Taiyuan Formation (1)
-
Talchir Formation (1)
-
Talladega Group (2)
-
Tippecanoe Sequence (1)
-
upper Paleozoic
-
Antrim Shale (5)
-
Arkansas Novaculite (1)
-
Bakken Formation (2)
-
Kaskaskia Sequence (1)
-
-
Wells Formation (1)
-
Woodford Shale (5)
-
-
palynology (1)
-
palynomorphs
-
acritarchs (19)
-
Chitinozoa (12)
-
Dinoflagellata (2)
-
megaspores (3)
-
miospores
-
pollen (13)
-
-
-
paragenesis (22)
-
petroleum
-
natural gas
-
coalbed methane (11)
-
shale gas (10)
-
-
shale oil (2)
-
-
petrology (19)
-
Phanerozoic (13)
-
phase equilibria (2)
-
phosphate deposits (4)
-
phosphorus (1)
-
placers (1)
-
Plantae
-
algae
-
calcareous algae (1)
-
Chlorophyta
-
Chlorophyceae
-
Codiaceae
-
Halimeda (1)
-
-
Dasycladaceae (1)
-
-
Tasmanites (2)
-
-
Rhodophyta
-
Corallinaceae (1)
-
-
-
Pteridophyta
-
Filicopsida
-
Archaeopteris (2)
-
-
Lycopsida
-
Lepidodendron (1)
-
-
Sphenopsida
-
Equisetales (1)
-
-
-
Spermatophyta
-
Angiospermae
-
Dicotyledoneae
-
Betula (1)
-
Dryas (1)
-
Hamamelididae (1)
-
Rosidae (1)
-
-
-
Gymnospermae
-
Coniferales (6)
-
Cordaitales
-
Cordaites (1)
-
-
Dadoxylon (1)
-
Pteridospermae (3)
-
-
-
-
plate tectonics (48)
-
pollution (42)
-
Precambrian
-
Archean
-
Peninsular Gneiss (1)
-
-
Cuddapah System (1)
-
Great Smoky Group (1)
-
Gunflint Iron Formation (1)
-
Nonesuch Shale (1)
-
Sokoman Formation (1)
-
Transvaal Supergroup (1)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Great Oxidation Event (1)
-
Huronian (1)
-
Kombolgie Formation (1)
-
Mesoproterozoic
-
Apache Group (1)
-
Belt Supergroup (1)
-
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Cryogenian (1)
-
Dengying Formation (2)
-
Ediacaran (8)
-
Riphean (2)
-
Vendian (4)
-
Walden Creek Group (1)
-
-
Oronto Group (1)
-
Paleoproterozoic (7)
-
Sinian
-
Dengying Formation (2)
-
-
Windermere System (1)
-
-
-
Witwatersrand Supergroup (1)
-
-
problematic fossils
-
problematic microfossils (1)
-
-
Pterobranchia (3)
-
reclamation (4)
-
reefs (19)
-
remote sensing (21)
-
reservoirs (6)
-
roads (4)
-
rock mechanics (12)
-
sea water (10)
-
sea-floor spreading (2)
-
sea-level changes (101)
-
sedimentary petrology (39)
-
sedimentary rocks
-
bone beds (1)
-
carbonate rocks
-
boundstone (2)
-
chalk (4)
-
dolostone (28)
-
grainstone (15)
-
limestone
-
micrite (4)
-
microbialite (1)
-
-
packstone (10)
-
travertine (1)
-
wackestone (8)
-
-
chemically precipitated rocks
-
chert (15)
-
evaporites
-
salt (2)
-
-
flint (3)
-
iron formations
-
banded iron formations (1)
-
-
phosphate rocks (4)
-
silcrete (1)
-
siliceous sinter (1)
-
-
clastic rocks
-
arenite
-
litharenite (1)
-
quartz arenite (2)
-
sublitharenite (1)
-
-
argillite (1)
-
arkose (1)
-
bentonite (6)
-
black shale (44)
-
claystone (5)
-
conglomerate (15)
-
diamictite (9)
-
eolianite (2)
-
graywacke (1)
-
marl (3)
-
mudstone (59)
-
orthoquartzite (1)
-
porcellanite (2)
-
red beds (3)
-
sandstone (120)
-
shale (61)
-
siltstone (26)
-
tonstein (2)
-
-
coal
-
anthracite (2)
-
bituminous coal (6)
-
humic coal (1)
-
lignite (5)
-
-
gas shale (5)
-
oil sands (3)
-
oil shale (18)
-
-
sedimentary structures
-
bedding plane irregularities
-
antidunes (1)
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flute casts (2)
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GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Epoch and Age
Book Series
Date
Availability
northern Kentucky
Significance of Pleistocene fluvial systems and glaciations on the landscape evolution of northern Kentucky Available to Purchase
ABSTRACT Pleistocene glacial and interglacial episodes had a profound influence on erosion, sediment transport, and topographic expression in the Midwestern United States. Northern Kentucky hosts a variety of fluvial and glacial features that record these Quaternary advances and retreats of the Laurentide ice sheet. This field trip highlights the major glacial and interglacial episodes of the Pleistocene, including the Pliocene–Early Pleistocene Teays drainage system, the Early–Middle Pleistocene pre–Illinois glacial Episode, the Middle Pleistocene Yarmouth interglacial, the Illinois glacial Episode in the Middle Pleistocene, the Sangamon interglacial, and the Late Pleistocene Wisconsin Episode. The Old Kentucky River was tributary to the Teays, depositing sands at ca. 1.5 Ma, confirmed by multiple 10 Be- 26 Al cosmogenic radionuclide burial ages. Glacial till uncoformably overlies Old Kentucky River sands and demonstrates that pre-Illinois ice extended into Kentucky. The modern-day course of the Ohio River was incised after the pre−Illinois Episode, and then aggraded with transportation of Illinois Episode glacial outwash. Deposition of outwash at the mouths of tributaries caused impoundment and slackwater deposition in tributary valleys; the Claryville Clay has long been assumed to represent a pre-Illinois lacustrine deposit, but new optically stimulated luminescence feldspar geochronology yields a Middle Pleistocene age of ca. 320 ka. We have not observed Illinoian till in Kentucky. The final advance of the Laurentide ice sheet did not reach Kentucky, however, high sediment volumes were transported along the Ohio River and impounded tributaries, similar to the Illinois Episode.
Paleoecology of an Upper Ordovician submarine cave-dwelling bryozoan fauna and its exposed equivalents in northern Kentucky, USA Available to Purchase
Visual identification and quantification of Milankovitch climate cycles in outcrop: an example from the Upper Ordovician Kope Formation, Northern Kentucky Available to Purchase
Abstract Applying time-series analyses using Fourier transform and multi-taper methods to low-field, mass-specific magnetic susceptibility (χ) measurements on marine samples from well-studied shale and limestone outcrops of the Upper Ordovician (Edenian Stage; Upper Katian) Kope Formation, northern Kentucky, corroborates direct visual identification in outcrops of Milankovitch eccentricity ( c. 405 and 100 ka), obliquity and precessional climate cycles. Because individual outcrops were too short and deposition too chaotic to yield significant time-series results, it was necessary to build a c. 50 m thick composite sequence from three well-correlated outcrops to quantify the cyclicity. Time-series analysis was then performed using χ measured for 1004 closely spaced samples covering the section. Milankovitch bands are recorded in the time-series data from the composite. We tested this result by comparison of these bands to cyclic packages in outcrop, which correspond to thicknesses represented in the time-series datasets. This is particularly well defined for the eccentricity and obliquity cycles, with precessional bands being evident but as less well-defined packages of beds.