1-20 OF 8240 RESULTS FOR

normal-incidence-point

Results shown limited to content with bounding coordinates.
Save search
Follow your search
Access your saved searches in your account
Would you like to receive an alert when new items match your search?
Close Modal
Sort by
Image
Two hypothetical experiments: The normal-incidence-point wave is shown in the middle with its radius of curvature RNIP. The normal wave with the radius of curvature RN is caused by (right) an exploding reflector experiment. (Left) Both have the angle of emergence α.

Two hypothetical experiments: The normal-incidence-point wave is shown in t... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 June 2017
Figure 1. Two hypothetical experiments: The normal-incidence-point wave is shown in the middle with its radius of curvature R NIP . The normal wave with the radius of curvature R N is caused by (right) an exploding reflector experiment. (Left) Both have the angle
Image
Hypothetical experiment for two dimensions: (a) normal-incidence-point (NIP) is related to an exploding point on the reflector, which generates a NIP-wave with curvature KNIP and radius of RNIP at the surface. (b) N-wave is related to an exploding reflector, which generates normal wave with curvature KN and raduis RN at the surface. The emergence angle of these two experiment is α (Duveneck, 2004).

Hypothetical experiment for two dimensions: (a) normal-incidence-point (NIP... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 June 2017
Figure 2. Hypothetical experiment for two dimensions: (a) normal-incidence-point (NIP) is related to an exploding point on the reflector, which generates a NIP-wave with curvature K NIP and radius of R NIP at the surface. (b) N-wave is related to an exploding reflector, which generates normal
Image
The NIP wave starting at the normal-incidence point y at the reflector.

The NIP wave starting at the normal-incidence point y at the reflector. Available to Purchase

Published: 11 June 2007
Figure 3. The NIP wave starting at the normal-incidence point y at the reflector.
Image
Two normal-incidence-point (NIP) rays for the P- and S-waves from the subsurface point y.

Two normal-incidence-point (NIP) rays for the P- and S-waves from the subsu... Available to Purchase

Published: 12 September 2005
Figure 2. Two normal-incidence-point (NIP) rays for the P- and S-waves from the subsurface point y .
Image
(a) Normal-incidence ray (dashed) with coinciding source/receiver at point X and normal-incidence point M. The slowness vector p(M) is normal to the NIP interface. Finite-offset ray (solid) is for source point S, receiver point R, common midpoint X, and reflection point Q. (b) Numbering of ray/interface intersection points in a recursive scheme for amplitude calculation in the upward direction along the normal-incidence ray.

(a) Normal-incidence ray (dashed) with coinciding source/receiver at point ... Available to Purchase

Published: 09 March 2006
Figure 1. (a) Normal-incidence ray (dashed) with coinciding source/receiver at point X and normal-incidence point M . The slowness vector p ( M ) is normal to the NIP interface. Finite-offset ray (solid) is for source point S, receiver point R , common midpoint X , and reflection point Q
Image
Geometrical description of the CRS attributes (α, RNIP, RN) (Drawing modified after Jäger et al., 2001). (a) A hypothetical point source experiment at the normal incidence point (NIP) on a given reflector produces the so-called NIP wave. It reaches the surface at the selected observation point x0 with angle of incidence α and wavefront curvature RNIP. (b) A hypothetical exploding reflector experiment using a reflector segment that is constructed tangentially to the given reflector at the normal incidence point produces the so-called normal wave. It reaches the surface at the selected observation point x0 with angle of incidence and wavefront curvature RN.

Geometrical description of the CRS attributes (α, R NIP , R N ) (Drawing mo... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 September 2004
Figure 1. Geometrical description of the CRS attributes (α, R NIP , R N ) (Drawing modified after Jäger et al., 2001). (a) A hypothetical point source experiment at the normal incidence point (NIP) on a given reflector produces the so-called NIP wave. It reaches the surface at the selected
Journal Article

Amplitude, Fresnel zone, and NMO velocity for PP and SS normal-incidence reflections Available to Purchase

Einar Iversen
Journal: Geophysics
Published: 09 March 2006
Geophysics (2006) 71 (2): W1–W14.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.2187814
...Figure 1. (a) Normal-incidence ray (dashed) with coinciding source/receiver at point X and normal-incidence point M . The slowness vector p ( M ) is normal to the NIP interface. Finite-offset ray (solid) is for source point S, receiver point R , common midpoint X , and reflection point Q...
FIGURES | View All (8)
View PDF for article title, Amplitude, Fresnel zone, and NMO velocity for PP and SS <span class="search-highlight">normal</span>-<span class="search-highlight">incidence</span> reflections
Purchase
Add to Citation Manager for Amplitude, Fresnel zone, and NMO velocity for PP and SS <span class="search-highlight">normal</span>-<span class="search-highlight">incidence</span> reflections
Journal Article

Zero-offset seismic amplitude decomposition and migration Available to Purchase

Bjørn Ursin, Martin Tygel
Journal: Geophysics
Published: 11 June 2007
Geophysics (2007) 72 (4): S187–S193.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.2741366
...Figure 3. The NIP wave starting at the normal-incidence point y at the reflector. ...
FIGURES | View All (4)
View PDF for article title, Zero-offset seismic amplitude decomposition and migration
Purchase
Add to Citation Manager for Zero-offset seismic amplitude decomposition and migration
Image
The polarity reversal of the S-wave separated by the curl operator. The values kSM and kSN represent the propagation directions of the reflected S-wave at points M and N, the dotted lines denote the vibration directions for the corresponding waves, SP denotes the P-wave of the source wavefield, RS denotes the S-wave of the receiver wavefield, and O is the normal-incidence point of the P-wave. According to the right-hand rule, the separated S-wave has an opposite polarity distribution at the two sides of the normal-incidence point of the P-wave. For example, the symbols • and ⊗ represent the two opposite polarity directions at points M and N, respectively.

The polarity reversal of the S-wave separated by the curl operator. The val... Available to Purchase

Published: 07 March 2019
waves, S P denotes the P-wave of the source wavefield, R S denotes the S-wave of the receiver wavefield, and O is the normal-incidence point of the P-wave. According to the right-hand rule, the separated S-wave has an opposite polarity distribution at the two sides
Journal Article

Common-reflection-surface stack: Image and attributes Available to Purchase

Rainer Jäger, Jürgen Mann, German Höcht, Peter Hubral
Journal: Geophysics
Published: 01 January 2001
Geophysics (2001) 66 (1): 97–109.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1444927
..., as well as two radii of wavefront curvatures R N and R NIP . They all are associated with two hypothetical waves: the so-called normal wave and the normal-incidence-point wave. We also address the problem of determining an optimal parameter triplet ( α , R NIP , R N ) in order to construct the sample...
FIGURES | View All (26)
View PDF for article title, Common-reflection-surface stack: Image and attributes
Purchase
Add to Citation Manager for Common-reflection-surface stack: Image and attributes
Image
The normal wave starting as a wavefront that coincides with the reflector in the vicinity of the normal incident point y.

The normal wave starting as a wavefront that coincides with the reflector i... Available to Purchase

Published: 11 June 2007
Figure 4. The normal wave starting as a wavefront that coincides with the reflector in the vicinity of the normal incident point y .
Journal Article

CRS-based depth model building and imaging of 3D seismic data from the Gulf of Mexico Coast Available to Purchase

Juergen Pruessmann, Sven Frehers, Rodolfo Ballesteros, Alfredo Caballero, Gerardo Clemente
Journal: Geophysics
Published: 01 October 2008
Geophysics (2008) 73 (5): VE303–VE311.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.2968691
... or normal-incidence point (NIP) wave tomography is presented as a model-building link between high-resolution CRS time processing and subsequent depth processing. The CRS tomography model shows a better adaptation to the dipping subsurface structures than the Dix model and a good fit to well data...
FIGURES | View All (12)
View PDF for article title, CRS-based depth model building and imaging of 3D seismic data from the Gulf of Mexico Coast
Purchase
Add to Citation Manager for CRS-based depth model building and imaging of 3D seismic data from the Gulf of Mexico Coast
Journal Article

Velocity-model estimation with NIP-wave tomography inversion – A real data example Available to Purchase

Hashem Shahsavani
Journal: The Leading Edge
Published: 01 June 2017
The Leading Edge (2017) 36 (6): 493–498.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1190/tle36060493.1
...Figure 2. Hypothetical experiment for two dimensions: (a) normal-incidence-point (NIP) is related to an exploding point on the reflector, which generates a NIP-wave with curvature K NIP and radius of R NIP at the surface. (b) N-wave is related to an exploding reflector, which generates normal...
FIGURES | View All (9)
View PDF for article title, Velocity-model estimation with NIP-wave tomography inversion – A real data example
Purchase
Add to Citation Manager for Velocity-model estimation with NIP-wave tomography inversion – A real data example
Image
The reflected wave from a point source x at the measurement surface. Also shown is the normal-incident point y at the reflector.

The reflected wave from a point source x at the measurement surface. Also... Available to Purchase

Published: 11 June 2007
Figure 2. The reflected wave from a point source x at the measurement surface. Also shown is the normal-incident point y at the reflector.
Journal Article

Ray-based seismic modeling of geologic models: Understanding and analyzing seismic images efficiently Available to Purchase

Isabelle Lecomte, Paul Lubrano Lavadera, Ingrid Anell, Simon J. Buckley, Daniel W. Schmid, Michael Heeremans
Journal: Interpretation
Published: 25 September 2015
Interpretation (2015) 3 (4): SAC71–SAC89.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1190/INT-2015-0061.1
... variations are expected. A third and intermediate option is to use the various ray-based approaches available, which are efficient and flexible. However, standard ray methods, such as the normal-incidence point for unmigrated poststack sections or image rays for simulating time-migrated poststack results...
FIGURES | View All (20)
View PDF for article title, Ray-based seismic modeling of geologic models: Understanding and analyzing seismic images efficiently
Purchase
Add to Citation Manager for Ray-based seismic modeling of geologic models: Understanding and analyzing seismic images efficiently
Journal Article

Multifocusing imaging with controlled reflection-point dispersal Available to Purchase

Boris Gurevich, Evgeny Landa
Journal: Geophysics
Published: 01 January 2002
Geophysics (2002) 67 (5): 1586–1592.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1512804
...-midpoint (CMP) gathers. Stacking of large supergathers is made possible by the use of a generalized moveout correction. For a given source-receiver pair, this correction depends on three parameters: the wavefront curvatures of the normal wave, the normal incidence point wave ( Hubral, 1983...
FIGURES | View All (6)
View PDF for article title, Multifocusing imaging with controlled reflection-<span class="search-highlight">point</span> dispersal
Purchase
Add to Citation Manager for Multifocusing imaging with controlled reflection-<span class="search-highlight">point</span> dispersal
Journal Article

Migration velocity analysis based on focusing diffractions generated from CRS wavefront attributes: Application to real land data Available to Purchase

German Garabito, José Silas dos Santos Silva, Williams Lima
Journal: Geophysics
Published: 10 February 2022
Geophysics (2022) 87 (2): U43–U55.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1190/geo2020-0696.1
... inversion of the normal-incidence-point (NIP) wave. However, there is no practical and reliable method for determining an accurate and geologically consistent time-migration velocity model from these CRS attributes. We introduce an interactive method to determine the migration velocity model in the time...
FIGURES | View All (13)
View PDF for article title, Migration velocity analysis based on focusing diffractions generated from CRS wavefront attributes: Application to real land data
Purchase
Add to Citation Manager for Migration velocity analysis based on focusing diffractions generated from CRS wavefront attributes: Application to real land data
Journal Article

Reliability of data-driven wavefront attributes in laterally heterogeneous media Available to Purchase

Yujiang Xie, Dirk Gajewski
Journal: Geophysics
Published: 26 March 2019
Geophysics (2019) 84 (3): O49–O62.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1190/geo2018-0382.1
... attributes are computed for a smoothed version of the 3D SEG salt model. The comparison reveals that the wavefront attributes for the normal-incidence-point ray indicate a very good match not only in areas of mild lateral velocity variation but even in regions with strong lateral velocity variations...
FIGURES | View All (15)
View PDF for article title, Reliability of data-driven wavefront attributes in laterally heterogeneous media
Purchase
Add to Citation Manager for Reliability of data-driven wavefront attributes in laterally heterogeneous media
Journal Article

Comparison of prestack stereotomography and NIP wave tomography for velocity model building: Instances from the Messinian evaporites Available to Purchase

Stefan Dümmong, Kristina Meier, Dirk Gajewski, Christian Hübscher
Journal: Geophysics
Published: 01 October 2008
Geophysics (2008) 73 (5): VE291–VE302.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.2950306
...Stefan Dümmong; Kristina Meier; Dirk Gajewski; Christian Hübscher Abstract Velocity-model determination during seismic data processing is crucial for any kind of depth imaging. We compared two approaches of grid tomography: prestack stereotomography and normal-incidence-point (NIP) wave tomography...
FIGURES | View All (11)
View PDF for article title, Comparison of prestack stereotomography and NIP wave tomography for velocity model building: Instances from the Messinian evaporites
Purchase
Add to Citation Manager for Comparison of prestack stereotomography and NIP wave tomography for velocity model building: Instances from the Messinian evaporites
Journal Article

The characteristics of reflection traveltimes for some layer models Available to Purchase

Bok S. Byun
Journal: Geophysics
Published: 01 February 1984
Geophysics (1984) 49 (2): 119–123.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1441642
... and with increasing local dip of the interface at the normal incidence point. Unless this bias is corrected, the common Dix-type velocity estimation technique can lead to a significant error in the depth estimates.--Modified journal abstract. GeoRef, Copyright 2005, American Geological Institute. 1984 ...
View PDF for article title, The characteristics of reflection traveltimes for some layer models
Purchase
Add to Citation Manager for The characteristics of reflection traveltimes for some layer models