... due to their wide applications in industry and environmental protection as sorbents for organic pollutants. Two natural smectite-dominated clay types from outcrops in Latvia and Lithuania as well as industrially manufactured montmorillonite (Mt) clay were modified using different nonionic (4...

... anionic, cationic, zwitterionic (positive and negative molecular charge), or nonionic. For the reasons discussed in the introduction, anionics were the only type investigated. Although examples of naturally occurring surfactants abound, the ones typically employed today for commercial or industrial...

... double hydroxides as supports for photochemical assemblies . Langmuir , 12 , 402 – 408 . Serna C.J. , White J.L. & Hem S.L. ( 1977 ) Hydrolysis of aluminum-tri-(sec-butoxide) in ionic and nonionic media . Clays and Clay Minerals , 25 , 384 – 391 . Serna C.J...

...Eric J. Henry; James E. Smith Abstract Surfactants may occur naturally in the subsurface or may be introduced anthropogenically. Because of their ability to reduce surface tension and modify the solid–liquid contact angle, surfactants affect capillarity in unsaturated porous media. We review...

... at the Mnt layer edges. In acidic media, many hydroxyl groups can be present at the edges of Mnt due to electrostatic interactions with hydronium ions. The anion could, therefore, intercalate into the Mnt by replacing or interacting with hydroxyl groups in acidic media. 50 wt.% naphthalene sulfonic acid (NSA...

... oil (nonionic surfactant) onto Na + -Mnt led to a large d 001 value (4.14 nm) and a large contact angle (90°). Co-adsorption of ternary-surfactant CTAB, SDS, and lauryl alcohol ethoxylated (nonionic surfactant) onto calcium bentonite resulted in a swelling index in mineral oil or isopropanol (6–10...

... between 2–5 cm), where the faunas are dominated by clusters 4 ( Nonion fabum and Nonionella turgida ) and 2 (N. iridea and B. marginata). The continental shelf of the Bay of Biscay, which receives large supplies of nutrients from the Gironde and Loire rivers, is usually considered a eutrophic...

... column experiments were conducted ( Table 1 ). The porous media were emplaced in glass columns with a length of 27 cm and a 2.2 cm inside diameter (ID), which were mounted vertically in all stages of the experiments. A 15-cm-long piece of tubing was connected to the bottom end of the column. For each...

... chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents in groundwater. Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation, 85 , 63 – 70 . Garbarini, D. R. & Lion, L. W. 1985 . Evaluation of the sorptive partitioning of nonionic pollutants in closed systems by headspace analysis. Environmental...

... of nonionic co-surfactants on controlling the corrosion rate of steel in acidic media . Corrosion Science , 51 ( 8 ), 1817 – 1821 . 10.1016/j.corsci.2009.05.007 Asefi , D. , Mahmoodi , N. M. , & Arami , M. ( 2010 ). Effect of nonionic co-surfactants on corrosion inhibition effect...

... capability for organic pollutants. Numerous studies have shown that organic modifiers, including cationic surfactants ( Zhu et al., 2011 ), anionic surfactants ( Rahmani et al., 2020 ; Sanqin et al., 2014 ), and nonionic surfactants ( Nourmoradi et al., 2012 ; Silvano et al., 2017 ), enable organic cations...

... as the acceleration of the natural metabolic process whereby microorganisms alter and break down organic molecules into other substances. In situ bioremediation involves the placement of amendments directly into contaminated media, whereas ex situ bioremediation transfers the contaminated media to a selected site...

... and significant collagen tissue alteration. The degrading collagen bundles and networks are the media for authigenic aragonite precipitation ( Neuweiler et al., 2007 ). According to these observations, the agglutinated bowl-shaped structures ( Figs. 2–3 ) most likely represent the early calcified basal parts...

... al ., 2005 ; Szczerba and Kalinichev, 2016 ). Mnt is hydrophilic with a high swellability in water and a high cationic exchange capacity ( Zhou et al ., 2012 ). Mnt can be modified with cationic, anionic, or nonionic surfactants to obtain hydrophobic organo-montmorillonites (OMnts) ( Khajehpour et...

... single-phase and two-phase flow in fractured porous media Advances in Water Resources 2021 156, article 104039 10.1016/j.advwatres.2021.104039 Wei J. X. Zhang Y. Shang J. H. Lyu N. Liu W. Wang H. Ma F. Zhang Q. Principal factor analysis on initial productivity...

... reaction systems: Silane functionalization followed by grafting of amino acid monomers . Applied Clay Science , 151 , 81 – 91 . Asgari , M. , & Sundararaj , U. ( 2018b ). Silane functionalization of sodium montmorillonite nanoclay: The effect of dispersing media on intercalation...

... conditions ( Lenhard et al., 1995 ). Chevalier and Petersen (1999) noted that laboratory investigations of NAPL flow in porous media are studied under the same capillary, viscous, and buoyancy forces as full-scale systems. Flow cell experiments are also conducted to provide data sets to test and verify...

... of organic compounds ( e.g. cationic polymers, nonionic surfactants) may enhance the sorption capacity of type II OCs by altering the arrangement of the interlayer organic cations. Mild heating of OCs may increase the hydrophobicity of their interlayers, enhancing sorption capacity. Finally...

... dimensions remains an area of active research. One aspect of this research stems from the lack of information required to create predictive petrophysical relations between estimated bulk-media electrical resistivity and the variable of interest. At the field scale, finding the correct petrophysical model...