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nonergodic ground motion model

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Journal Article

A regionalized partially nonergodic ground-motion model for subduction earthquakes using the NGA-Sub database

Nicolas M Kuehn, Yousef Bozorgnia, M.EERI, Kenneth W Campbell, M.EERI, Nicholas Gregor, M.EERI
Published: 01 August 2023
Earthquake Spectra (2023) 39 (3): 1625–1657.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/87552930231180906
...Nicolas M Kuehn; Yousef Bozorgnia, M.EERI; Kenneth W Campbell, M.EERI; Nicholas Gregor, M.EERI In this study, we derived a regionalized partially nonergodic empirical ground-motion model (GMM) for subduction interface and intraslab earthquakes using an extensive global database compiled as part...
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A Nonergodic Ground Motion Model for Chile

Jorge Macedo, Chenying Liu
Published: 01 August 2022
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2022) 112 (5): 2542–2561.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0120210334
...Jorge Macedo; Chenying Liu ABSTRACT In this study, we develop a new nonergodic ground motion model (GMM) for Chile, which better captures the trade‐off between the aleatory variability and epistemic uncertainty on ground motion estimates compared with existing GMMs. The GMM is developed for peak...
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A Partially Nonergodic Ground‐Motion Model for Cascadia Interface Earthquakes

Chih‐Hsuan Sung, Norman Abrahamson
Published: 15 July 2022
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2022) 112 (5): 2520–2541.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0120210330
...Chih‐Hsuan Sung; Norman Abrahamson ABSTRACT The Abrahamson and Gulerce (2020) ground‐motion model (GMM), called AG20, is modified to include the nonergodic effects from the suite of 3D numerical simulations of long‐period ground motions from M 9 megathrust earthquakes on the Cascadia subduction...
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A Nonergodic Ground‐Motion Model for California with Spatially Varying Coefficients

Niels Landwehr, Nicolas M. Kuehn, Tobias Scheffer, Norman Abrahamson
Published: 11 October 2016
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2016) 106 (6): 2574–2583.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0120160118
...Niels Landwehr; Nicolas M. Kuehn; Tobias Scheffer; Norman Abrahamson Abstract Traditional probabilistic seismic‐hazard analysis as well as the estimation of ground‐motion models ( GMM s) is based on the ergodic assumption, which means that the distribution of ground motions over time at a given...
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Application of GK17 Ground‐Motion Model to Preliminary Processed Turkish Ground‐Motion Recordings Dataset and GK Model Adjustment to the Turkish Environment by Developing Partially Nonergodic Model

Vladimir Graizer
Published: 25 January 2024
Seismological Research Letters (2024) 95 (2A): 651–663.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0220230291
...Vladimir Graizer Abstract The global ergodic GK17 ( Graizer, 2018 ) ground‐motion model developed using the Next Generation Attenuation‐West2 database ( Ancheta et al. , 2014 ) for the active crustal regions (ACRs) was applied to the dataset of recordings from the two largest moment magnitude M w...
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Approaches to Soil Hazard in Partially Nonergodic Ground‐Motion Models

Irene Liou, Norman A. Abrahamson, Renmin Pretell
Published: 06 September 2024
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2024)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0120230316
...Irene Liou; Norman A. Abrahamson; Renmin Pretell ABSTRACT Partially nonergodic ground‐motion models (GMMs) are used in probabilistic seismic hazard analysis for calculating site‐specific hazards for soil sites. In calculating soil hazard as a part of the partially nonergodic methodology (also...
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Nonergodic Ground‐Motion Models for Subduction Zone and Crustal Earthquakes in Japan

Chih‐Hsuan Sung, Hiroe Miyake, Norman Abrahamson, Nobuyuki Morikawa
Published: 16 February 2024
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2024) 114 (3): 1717–1738.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0120230258
... flatfile together with various reference ergodic ground‐motion models (GMMs). For the nonergodic path effects, our nonergodic GMM has two path effects terms: a cell‐specific linear‐distance scaling, denoted as δ P 2 P Q , that mimics the effects of a 3D Q structure, and a source‐ and site‐specific term...
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Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis in California Using Nonergodic Ground‐Motion Models

Norman A. Abrahamson, Nicolas M. Kuehn, Melanie Walling, Niels Landwehr
Published: 02 July 2019
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2019) 109 (4): 1235–1249.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0120190030
.... These differences are not modeled in typical ground‐motion models (GMMs) that are based on the ergodic assumption. By including systematic source, path, and site effects in fully nonergodic GMMs, it is possible to reduce the value of the aleatory variability by about 30%–40%; however, to use this reduced aleatory...
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Methodology for Including Path Effects Due to 3D Velocity Structure in Nonergodic Ground‐Motion Models

Chih‐Hsuan Sung, Norman Abrahamson, Maxime Lacour
Published: 07 June 2023
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2023) 113 (5): 2144–2163.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0120220252
...Chih‐Hsuan Sung; Norman Abrahamson; Maxime Lacour ABSTRACT A new approach is developed to incorporate the anisotropic path effects in ground motions due to the 3D velocity structure into nonergodic ground‐motion models (GMMs) using the varying coefficient model (VCM) in a two‐step process...
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Estimating Systematic Source, Site, and Path Effects in Nonergodic Ground‐Motion Models: Insights from the Turkish Ground‐Motion Database

Chenying Liu, Jorge Macedo, Zeynep Gulerce, Norman Abrahamson, Albert Kottke, Burak Akbas, Fatih M. Onder, A. Arda Ozacar
Published: 18 July 2024
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2024)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0120230288
...Chenying Liu; Jorge Macedo; Zeynep Gulerce; Norman Abrahamson; Albert Kottke; Burak Akbas; Fatih M. Onder; A. Arda Ozacar ABSTRACT The development of ground‐motion models (GMMs) is transitioning from ergodic to nonergodic approaches, which account for spatially varying and systematic source, site...
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Ground‐Motion Modeling of the 2016 M w 6.2 Amatrice, Italy, Earthquake, by a Broadband Hybrid Kinematic Approach, Including Empirical Site Effects

František Čejka, Ľubica Valentová Krišková, Sara Sgobba, Francesca Pacor, František Gallovič
Published: 19 July 2024
Seismological Research Letters (2024)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0220230409
... virtual stations and compare their spectral accelerations with the predictions of an empirical nonergodic ground‐motion model (GMM) for rock sites in Central Italy ( Sgobba et al. , 2021 ). The synthetics show a good agreement with the empirical model regarding both median and variability. Finally, we...
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Constraining Between‐Event Variability of Kinematic Rupture Scenarios by Empirical Ground‐Motion Model: A Case Study in Central Italy

František Čejka, Sara Sgobba, Francesca Pacor, Chiara Felicetta, Ľubica Valentová, František Gallovič
Published: 14 March 2024
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2024) 114 (4): 2138–2150.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0120230251
... with the empirical nonergodic ground‐motion model of Sgobba et al. (2021) for central Italy in terms of the mean and total variability. However, statistical mixed‐effect analysis of the residuals indicates that the between‐event variability of the scenarios exceeds the empirical one significantly. We quantify...
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Spatial distribution of the systematic source effects in the <span class="search-highlight">nonergodic</span> gro...

Spatial distribution of the systematic source effects in the nonergodic gro...

Published: 23 June 2022
Figure 5. Spatial distribution of the systematic source effects in the nonergodic ground‐motion model (GMM): (a) mean values of δ L 2 L ( t E ) , (b) epistemic standard deviations of δ L 2 L ( t E ) , and (c) distribution of earthquake epicenters. The color version
Journal Article

An evaluation of partially nonergodic PGA ground-motion models for Japanese megathrust earthquakes

Kenneth W Campbell, M.EERI, Yousef Bozorgnia, M.EERI, Nicolas Kuehn, Nicholas Gregor, M.EERI
Published: 01 November 2022
Earthquake Spectra (2022) 38 (4): 2611–2637.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/87552930221104840
... KW Bozorgnia Y Kuehn N Gregor N ( 2021 ) An evaluation of partially nonergodic PGA ground-motion models for Japanese megathrust earthquakes: Supplemental material . Report no. GIRS 2021-11...
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Ground‐Motion Variability from Kinematic Rupture Models and the Implications for Nonergodic Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis

Grace A. Parker, Morgan P. Moschetti, Eric M. Thompson
Published: 18 August 2023
Seismological Research Letters (2023) 94 (6): 2687–2697.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0220220380
... framework. The results highlight the benefit of accounting for directivity effects in nonergodic PSHA, in which models that account for additional processes controlling ground motions are paired with reductions in the modeled ground‐motion variability. Modern PSHA captures the inherent uncertainty...
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Impact of Ergodic versus Nonergodic Seismic Hazard Estimation on the Risk Assessment of Liquefaction‐Induced Ground Damage

Chenying Liu, Jorge Macedo
Published: 23 June 2022
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2022) 112 (5): 2562–2579.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0120210335
...Figure 5. Spatial distribution of the systematic source effects in the nonergodic ground‐motion model (GMM): (a) mean values of δ L 2 L ( t E ) , (b) epistemic standard deviations of δ L 2 L ( t E ) , and (c) distribution of earthquake epicenters. The color version...
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Ground‐Motion Modeling as an Image Processing Task: Introducing a Neural Network Based, Fully Data‐Driven, and Nonergodic Approach

Henning Lilienkamp, Sebastian von Specht, Graeme Weatherill, Giuseppe Caire, Fabrice Cotton
Published: 07 March 2022
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2022) 112 (3): 1565–1582.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0120220008
...Henning Lilienkamp; Sebastian von Specht; Graeme Weatherill; Giuseppe Caire; Fabrice Cotton ABSTRACT We construct and examine the prototype of a deep learning‐based ground‐motion model (GMM) that is both fully data driven and nonergodic. We formulate ground‐motion modeling as an image processing...
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Erratum to Ground‐Motion Modeling as an Image Processing Task: Introducing a Neural Network Based, Fully Data‐Driven, and Nonergodic Approach

Henning Lilienkamp, Sebastian von Specht, Graeme Weatherill, Giuseppe Caire, Fabrice Cotton
Published: 16 August 2022
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2022) 112 (5): 2770–2771.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0120220131
... G. Caire G. , and Cotton F. 2022 . Ground‐motion modeling as an image processing task: Introducing a neural network based, fully data‐driven, and nonergodic approach , Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 112 , no.  3 , 1565 – 1582 , doi: 10.1785/0120220008 . ...
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Efficient Propagation of Epistemic Uncertainty for Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analyses (PSHAs) Including Partial Correlation of Magnitude–Distance Scaling

Maxime Lacour, Norman Abrahamson
Published: 13 July 2021
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2021) 111 (6): 3332–3340.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0120200381
...Maxime Lacour; Norman Abrahamson ABSTRACT Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) is moving from ergodic ground‐motion models (GMMs) to nonergodic GMMs that account for site‐source‐specific source, path, and site effects and which require a much larger number of GMM branches on the logic tree...
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Applications of Nonergodic Site Response Models to ShakeAlert Case Studies in the Los Angeles Area

Rongrong Lin, Grace A. Parker, Jeffrey J. McGuire, Annemarie S. Baltay
Published: 07 February 2023
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2023) 113 (3): 1324–1343.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0120220145
... parameters of magnitude, rupture length, and location. The nonergodic site response models for the greater LA area were developed using ground motions from 414 M 3–7.3 earthquakes in southern California. We test nonergodic ground‐motion forecasts for five earthquakes in the LA area: the 1994 M 6.7 Northridge...
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