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megathrust earthquakes

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Journal Article

Geological evidence for repeated slip-to-the-trench style megathrust earthquakes at the Japan Trench Open Access

C. Pizer, K. Ikehara, M. Keep, A. Kioka, S. Kodaira, R. Miura, J. Moernaut, Y. Nakamura, M. Strasser
Journal: Geology
Published: 07 February 2025
Geology (2025) 53 (4): 370–374.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/G52797.1
... of the megathrust fault, contributing to the unexpectedly large tsunami that followed. Understanding the recurrence of “slip-to-the-trench” style earthquakes is therefore essential for diagnosing future hazard at the Japan Trench (and other subduction zones). Thermal biomarkers from the décollement indicate...
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View PDF for article title, Geological evidence for repeated slip-to-the-trench style <span class="search-highlight">megathrust</span> <span class="search-highlight">earthquakes</span> at the Japan Trench
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Journal Article

A Population‐Based Performance Evaluation of the ShakeAlert Earthquake Early Warning System for M 9 Megathrust Earthquakes in the Pacific Northwest, U.S.A. Available to Purchase

Mika Thompson, J. Renate Hartog, Erin A. Wirth
Published: 31 October 2023
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2024) 114 (2): 1103–1123.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0120230055
...Mika Thompson; J. Renate Hartog; Erin A. Wirth ABSTRACT We evaluate the potential performance of the ShakeAlert earthquake early warning system for M 9 megathrust earthquakes in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) using synthetic seismograms from 30 simulated M 9 earthquake scenarios on the Cascadia...
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View PDF for article title, A Population‐Based Performance Evaluation of the ShakeAlert <span class="search-highlight">Earthquake</span> Early Warning System for M 9 <span class="search-highlight">Megathrust</span> <span class="search-highlight">Earthquakes</span> in the Pacific Northwest, U.S.A.
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Journal Article

Evaluation of reduced computational approaches to assessment of tsunami hazard and loss using stochastic source models: Case study for Tofino, British Columbia, Canada, subjected to Cascadia megathrust earthquakes Open Access

Katsuichiro Goda, M.EERI, Keith Orchiston, Jovana Borozan, Mark Novakovic, Emrah Yenier
Published: 01 August 2023
Earthquake Spectra (2023) 39 (3): 1303–1327.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/87552930231187407
... to obtain the estimates of tsunami building loss by running high-resolution tsunami inundation simulations. A case study is set up for Tofino, British Columbia, Canada, under the potential tsunami threat from the Cascadia megathrust earthquakes to investigate the correlation between the maximum modeled...
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View PDF for article title, Evaluation of reduced computational approaches to assessment of tsunami hazard and loss using stochastic source models: Case study for Tofino, British Columbia, Canada, subjected to Cascadia <span class="search-highlight">megathrust</span> <span class="search-highlight">earthquakes</span>
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Journal Article

An evaluation of partially nonergodic PGA ground-motion models for Japanese megathrust earthquakes Available to Purchase

Kenneth W Campbell, M.EERI, Yousef Bozorgnia, M.EERI, Nicolas Kuehn, Nicholas Gregor, M.EERI
Published: 01 November 2022
Earthquake Spectra (2022) 38 (4): 2611–2637.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/87552930221104840
...Kenneth W Campbell, M.EERI; Yousef Bozorgnia, M.EERI; Nicolas Kuehn; Nicholas Gregor, M.EERI We used a ground-motion database of Japanese subduction interface (megathrust) earthquakes from the NGA-Subduction project to develop a series of ground-motion models (GMMs) for peak ground acceleration...
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View PDF for article title, An evaluation of partially nonergodic PGA ground-motion models for Japanese <span class="search-highlight">megathrust</span> <span class="search-highlight">earthquakes</span>
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Journal Article

Empirical nonlinear site effects in Japanese megathrust earthquakes Available to Purchase

Kenneth W Campbell, M.EERI, Yousef Bozorgnia, M.EERI, Nicolas Kuehn, Nicholas Gregor, M.EERI
Published: 01 November 2022
Earthquake Spectra (2022) 38 (4): 2500–2520.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/87552930221111817
...Kenneth W Campbell, M.EERI; Yousef Bozorgnia, M.EERI; Nicolas Kuehn; Nicholas Gregor, M.EERI In the course of developing ground-motion models (GMMs) of peak ground acceleration (PGA) for Japanese megathrust earthquakes, we discovered that empirical nonlinear site effects from these events are very...
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View PDF for article title, Empirical nonlinear site effects in Japanese <span class="search-highlight">megathrust</span> <span class="search-highlight">earthquakes</span>
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Journal Article

How Good is a Paleoseismic Record of Megathrust Earthquakes for Probabilistic Forecasting? Available to Purchase

Francisco Acuña, Gonzalo A. Montalva, Daniel Melnick
Published: 10 November 2021
Seismological Research Letters (2022) 93 (2A): 739–748.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0220210044
... of great earthquakes. However, for time intervals relevant to engineering projects the Gutenberg–Richter relation fails to describe the distribution of magnitudes, including great earthquakes, along large subduction megathrust faults, emphasizing the need to study different recurrence models tailored...
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View PDF for article title, How Good is a Paleoseismic Record of <span class="search-highlight">Megathrust</span> <span class="search-highlight">Earthquakes</span> for Probabilistic Forecasting?
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Journal Article

Minimal stratigraphic evidence for coseismic coastal subsidence during 2000 yr of megathrust earthquakes at the central Cascadia subduction zone Open Access

Alan R. Nelson, Andrea D. Hawkes, Yuki Sawai, Ben P. Horton, Rob C. Witter, Lee-Ann Bradley, Niamh Cahill
Journal: Geosphere
Published: 18 December 2020
Geosphere (2021) 17 (1): 171–200.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/GES02254.1
...Alan R. Nelson; Andrea D. Hawkes; Yuki Sawai; Ben P. Horton; Rob C. Witter; Lee-Ann Bradley; Niamh Cahill Abstract Lithology and microfossil biostratigraphy beneath the marshes of a central Oregon estuary limit geophysical models of Cascadia megathrust rupture during successive earthquakes...
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View PDF for article title, Minimal stratigraphic evidence for coseismic coastal subsidence during 2000 yr of <span class="search-highlight">megathrust</span> <span class="search-highlight">earthquakes</span> at the central Cascadia subduction zone
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Journal Article

Seismic characterization of steel special moment frames subjected to megathrust earthquakes Available to Purchase

Miguel Medalla, Diego Lopez-Garcia, Farzin Zareian, M.EERI
Published: 01 November 2020
Earthquake Spectra (2020) 36 (4): 2033–2057.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/8755293020936716
... to large-magnitude subduction (i.e. megathrust) earthquakes. In this study, the seismic behavior of 40 modern steel special moment frames (SSMFs) subjected to both megathrust and crustal ground motions is evaluated. Three analyses are performed: (1) a hazard-consistent analysis; (2) a comparative collapse...
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View PDF for article title, Seismic characterization of steel special moment frames subjected to <span class="search-highlight">megathrust</span> <span class="search-highlight">earthquakes</span>
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Journal Article

Developing conceptual models for the recognition of coseismic landslides hazard for shallow crustal and megathrust earthquakes in different mountain environments – an example from the Chilean Andes Available to Purchase

Alejandra Serey, Sergio A. Sepúlveda, William Murphy, David N. Petley, Gregory De Pascale
Published: 22 September 2020
Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology (2021) 54 (2): qjegh2020-023.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2020-023
... of this research is to show through three-dimensional engineer-friendly computer drawings, different mountain environments where coseismic landslides could be generated during shallow crustal and megathrust earthquakes in the Andes of central Chile. We have determined topographic, geomorphological, geological...
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View PDF for article title, Developing conceptual models for the recognition of coseismic landslides hazard for shallow crustal and <span class="search-highlight">megathrust</span> <span class="search-highlight">earthquakes</span> in different mountain environments – an example from the Chilean Andes
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Journal Article

Spatial variations of incoming sediments at the northeastern Japan arc and their implications for megathrust earthquakes Open Access

Gou Fujie, Shuichi Kodaira, Yasuyuki Nakamura, Jason P. Morgan, Anke Dannowski, Martin Thorwart, Ingo Grevemeyer, Seiichi Miura
Journal: Geology
Published: 30 March 2020
Geology (2020) 48 (6): 614–619.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/G46757.1
...Gou Fujie; Shuichi Kodaira; Yasuyuki Nakamura; Jason P. Morgan; Anke Dannowski; Martin Thorwart; Ingo Grevemeyer; Seiichi Miura Abstract The nature of incoming sediments is a key controlling factor for the occurrence of megathrust earthquakes in subduction zones. In the 2011 M w 9 Tohoku earthquake...
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View PDF for article title, Spatial variations of incoming sediments at the northeastern Japan arc and their implications for <span class="search-highlight">megathrust</span> <span class="search-highlight">earthquakes</span>
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Journal Article

Impact of Down‐Dip Rupture Limit and High‐Stress Drop Subevents on Coseismic Land‐Level Change during Cascadia Megathrust Earthquakes Available to Purchase

Erin A. Wirth, Arthur D. Frankel
Published: 29 October 2019
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2019) 109 (6): 2187–2197.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0120190043
...Erin A. Wirth; Arthur D. Frankel Abstract Seismic hazard associated with Cascadia megathrust earthquakes is strongly dependent on the landward rupture extent and heterogeneous fault properties. We use 3D numerical simulations and a seismic velocity model for Cascadia to estimate coseismic...
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View PDF for article title, Impact of Down‐Dip Rupture Limit and High‐Stress Drop Subevents on Coseismic Land‐Level Change during Cascadia <span class="search-highlight">Megathrust</span> <span class="search-highlight">Earthquakes</span>
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Journal Article

Long‐Period Ground Motions from Past and Virtual Megathrust Earthquakes along the Nankai Trough, Japan Available to Purchase

Loïc Viens, Marine A. Denolle
Published: 18 June 2019
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2019) 109 (4): 1312–1330.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0120180320
...Loïc Viens; Marine A. Denolle Abstract Long‐period ground motions from large ( M w ≥ 7.0 ) subduction‐zone earthquakes are a real threat for large‐scale human‐made structures. The Nankai subduction zone, Japan, is expected to host a major megathrust earthquake in the near future and has therefore...
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View PDF for article title, Long‐Period Ground Motions from Past and Virtual <span class="search-highlight">Megathrust</span> <span class="search-highlight">Earthquakes</span> along the Nankai Trough, Japan
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Journal Article

Distinguishing intraplate from megathrust earthquakes using lacustrine turbidites Available to Purchase

Maarten Van Daele, Cristian Araya-Cornejo, Thomas Pille, Kris Vanneste, Jasper Moernaut, Sabine Schmidt, Philipp Kempf, Inka Meyer, Marco Cisternas
Journal: Geology
Published: 04 January 2019
Geology (2019) 47 (2): 127–130.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/G45662.1
...Maarten Van Daele; Cristian Araya-Cornejo; Thomas Pille; Kris Vanneste; Jasper Moernaut; Sabine Schmidt; Philipp Kempf; Inka Meyer; Marco Cisternas Abstract Subduction zone seismicity arises from megathrust, crustal, and intraslab earthquakes, and understanding the recurrence patterns of each type...
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View PDF for article title, Distinguishing intraplate from <span class="search-highlight">megathrust</span> <span class="search-highlight">earthquakes</span> using lacustrine turbidites
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Journal Article

Spatiotemporal Seismic Hazard and Risk Assessment of Aftershocks of M 9 Megathrust Earthquakes Available to Purchase

Lizhong Zhang, Maximilian J. Werner, Katsuichiro Goda
Published: 30 October 2018
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2018) 108 (6): 3313–3335.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0120180126
... in the context of a megathrust subduction‐zone earthquake, we develop a new simulation framework for spatiotemporal seismic hazard and risk assessment of a megathrust earthquake and its aftershocks along the plate boundary and in the onshore continental crust. The Tohoku region in northeast Japan is considered...
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Journal Article

Subduction zone megathrust earthquakes Open Access

Susan L. Bilek, Thorne Lay
Journal: Geosphere
Published: 06 July 2018
Geosphere (2018) 14 (4): 1468–1500.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/GES01608.1
...Susan L. Bilek; Thorne Lay Abstract Subduction zone megathrust faults host Earth’s largest earthquakes, along with multitudes of smaller events that contribute to plate convergence. An understanding of the faulting behavior of megathrusts is central to seismic and tsunami hazard assessment around...
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View PDF for article title, Subduction zone <span class="search-highlight">megathrust</span> <span class="search-highlight">earthquakes</span>
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Seismic‐Hazard Analysis of Long‐Period Ground Motion of Megathrust Earthquakes in the Nankai Trough Based on 3D Finite‐Difference Simulation Available to Purchase

Takahiro Maeda, Asako Iwaki, Nobuyuki Morikawa, Shin Aoi, Hiroyuki Fujiwara
Published: 19 October 2016
Seismological Research Letters (2016) 87 (6): 1265–1273.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0220160093
... discontinuous grids and by adapting to multigraphics processing units technique. Then, we simulate long‐period ground motion of many scenarios of a hypothetical megathrust earthquake in the Nankai trough. We use the characterized source models based on the “recipe” in the simulation. Finally, we apply...
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View PDF for article title, Seismic‐Hazard Analysis of Long‐Period Ground Motion of <span class="search-highlight">Megathrust</span> <span class="search-highlight">Earthquakes</span> in the Nankai Trough Based on 3D Finite‐Difference Simulation
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Journal Article

Simple Crack Models Explain Deformation Induced by Subduction Zone Megathrust Earthquakes Available to Purchase

Shiqing Xu, Eiichi Fukuyama, Han Yue, Jean‐Paul Ampuero
Published: 26 July 2016
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2016) 106 (5): 2275–2289.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0120160079
...Shiqing Xu; Eiichi Fukuyama; Han Yue; Jean‐Paul Ampuero Abstract Following the 2010 Maule and 2011 Tohoku earthquakes, many studies have examined the relation between megathrust earthquakes and subsequent deformation. Here, we apply simple models based on mode II shear cracks, including...
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View PDF for article title, Simple Crack Models Explain Deformation Induced by Subduction Zone <span class="search-highlight">Megathrust</span> <span class="search-highlight">Earthquakes</span>
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Great (≥Mw8.0) megathrust earthquakes and the subduction of excess sediment and bathymetrically smooth seafloor Open Access

David W. Scholl, Stephen H. Kirby, Roland von Huene, Holly Ryan, Ray E. Wells, Eric L. Geist
Journal: Geosphere
Published: 01 April 2015
Geosphere (2015) 11 (2): 236–265.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/GES01079.1
...-magnitude earthquakes are most prone to nucleate at well-sedimented SZs. For example, despite the 7500 km shorter global length of thick-sediment trenches, they account for ∼53% of instrumental era IPTs ≥Mw8.0, ∼75% ≥Mw8.5, and 100% ≥Mw9.1. No megathrusts >Mw9.0 ruptured at thin-sediment trenches...
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View PDF for article title, Great (≥Mw8.0) <span class="search-highlight">megathrust</span> <span class="search-highlight">earthquakes</span> and the subduction of excess sediment and bathymetrically smooth seafloor
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Journal Article

Megathrust earthquakes can nucleate in the forearc mantle: Evidence from the 2004 Sumatra event Available to Purchase

J.-X. Dessa, F. Klingelhoefer, D. Graindorge, C. André, H. Permana, M.-A. Gutscher, A. Chauhan, S. C. Singh, the SUMATRA-OBS Scientific Team
Journal: Geology
Published: 01 July 2009
Geology (2009) 37 (7): 659–662.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/G25653A.1
... to the forearc mantle below the crust of the upper plate. Stable sliding conditions have been shown to prevail there, particularly along several circum-Pacific margins that underwent great megathrust earthquakes (M w > 8.5) during the twentieth century. Based on geophysical investigation, we show...
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View PDF for article title, <span class="search-highlight">Megathrust</span> <span class="search-highlight">earthquakes</span> can nucleate in the forearc mantle: Evidence from the 2004 Sumatra event
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Volcanic eruptions following M ≥ 9 megathrust earthquakes: Implications for the Sumatra-Andaman volcanoes Available to Purchase

Thomas R. Walter, Falk Amelung
Journal: Geology
Published: 01 June 2007
Geology (2007) 35 (6): 539–542.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/G23429A.1
... decompression of the volcano magma systems leads to such eruptions. Numerical modeling reveals that other megathrust earthquakes induced volumetric expansion in the areas where vol canoes erupted. We suggest that abrupt decompression of a magma reservoir and/or its feeding system initiates processes...
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View PDF for article title, Volcanic eruptions following M ≥ 9 <span class="search-highlight">megathrust</span> <span class="search-highlight">earthquakes</span>: Implications for the Sumatra-Andaman volcanoes
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