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Western U.S. (10)
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placers
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tight sands (20)
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elements, isotopes
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carbon
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chemical elements (3)
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Cl-36 (1)
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hydrogen
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isotope ratios (30)
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isotopes
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Al-26 (2)
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stable isotopes
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Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
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C-13/C-12 (13)
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D/H (1)
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deuterium (1)
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He-3 (3)
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Hf-177/Hf-176 (3)
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N-15 (1)
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N-15/N-14 (1)
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (2)
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O-18/O-16 (10)
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
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S-34 (1)
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S-34/S-32 (1)
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (5)
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large-ion lithophile elements (5)
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metals
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alkali metals
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alkaline earth metals
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beryllium
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Be-10 (2)
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Be-10/Be-9 (1)
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calcium (1)
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magnesium (3)
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radium
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Ra-226 (1)
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strontium
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (5)
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aluminum
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Al-26 (2)
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antimony (1)
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gold (9)
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hafnium
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Hf-177/Hf-176 (3)
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iron
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ferrous iron (6)
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lead
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
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neodymium
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (2)
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yttrium (1)
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thallium (1)
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nitrogen
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N-15 (1)
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N-15/N-14 (1)
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noble gases
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argon
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Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
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helium
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He-3 (3)
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radon
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Rn-222 (2)
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nonmetals (1)
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oxygen
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O-18/O-16 (10)
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phosphorus (3)
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selenium (1)
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silicon (1)
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sulfur
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S-34 (1)
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S-34/S-32 (1)
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tellurium (1)
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trace metals (3)
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fossils
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bacteria (1)
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burrows (3)
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Chordata
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Vertebrata
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Pisces
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Chondrichthyes (2)
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Placodermi
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Tetrapoda
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Aves
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Neornithes
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Neognathae
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Galliformes (1)
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Mammalia
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Theria
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Eutheria
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Artiodactyla
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Ruminantia
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Bovidae
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Bison (1)
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Cetacea (1)
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Chiroptera (1)
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Perissodactyla
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Hippomorpha
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Equidae (2)
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Primates
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Hominidae
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Homo
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Homo sapiens (2)
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Reptilia
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Anapsida
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Testudines (1)
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Diapsida
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Archosauria
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Crocodilia
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Eusuchia
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Crocodylidae (1)
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dinosaurs
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Saurischia
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Theropoda
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Coelurosauria (1)
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Ichthyosauria (1)
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Sauropterygia (1)
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-
-
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ichnofossils
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Glossifungites (1)
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Thalassinoides (1)
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Invertebrata
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Arthropoda
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Mandibulata
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Crustacea
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Ostracoda (1)
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Insecta
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Pterygota
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Neoptera
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Endopterygota
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Diptera (1)
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-
-
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Trilobitomorpha
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Trilobita
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Phacopida (1)
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-
-
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Brachiopoda
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Articulata
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Strophomenida
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Sowerbyella (1)
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Terebratulida (1)
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-
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Bryozoa (1)
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Cnidaria (1)
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Echinodermata
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Crinozoa
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Crinoidea (1)
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Mollusca
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Bivalvia (1)
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Cephalopoda
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Coleoidea
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Belemnoidea (1)
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Nautiloidea
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Nautilus (1)
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-
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Gastropoda (2)
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Porifera (1)
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Protista
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Foraminifera
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Fusulinina
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Fusulinidae
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Schwagerina (1)
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Triticites (1)
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Rotaliina
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Globigerinacea
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Globigerinidae
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Globigerina (1)
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Globorotaliidae
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Globorotalia
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Globorotalia truncatulinoides (1)
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-
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Orbitoidacea
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Amphistegina (1)
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Radiolaria (1)
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Vermes
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Annelida (1)
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microfossils
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Charophyta (1)
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Conodonta (1)
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Fusulinina
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Fusulinidae
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Schwagerina (1)
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Triticites (1)
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-
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palynomorphs
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Dinoflagellata (2)
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miospores
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pollen (6)
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-
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Plantae
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algae
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Chlorophyta
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Charophyta (1)
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Coccolithophoraceae (1)
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diatoms (1)
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Rhodophyta (1)
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Pteridophyta
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Lycopsida
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Lycopodium (1)
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-
-
Spermatophyta
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Angiospermae
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Dicotyledoneae (1)
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Monocotyledoneae
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Gramineae (1)
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-
-
problematic fossils (1)
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tracks (4)
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geochronology methods
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(U-Th)/He (3)
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Ar/Ar (9)
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exposure age (2)
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fission-track dating (5)
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K/Ar (2)
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optical mineralogy (1)
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optically stimulated luminescence (3)
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paleomagnetism (23)
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Pb/Pb (1)
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radiation damage (1)
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Rb/Sr (1)
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Re/Os (1)
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thermochronology (5)
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thermoluminescence (1)
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U/Pb (31)
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U/Th/Pb (2)
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geologic age
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Anthropocene (1)
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Cenozoic
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Bronze Age (3)
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Iron Age (1)
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Quaternary
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Holocene
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Middle Ages (3)
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upper Holocene (6)
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Pleistocene
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Bandelier Tuff (1)
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Bishop Tuff (1)
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middle Pleistocene (2)
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Old Crow Tephra (1)
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upper Pleistocene
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Weichselian
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upper Weichselian
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Younger Dryas (1)
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Wisconsinan (2)
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-
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upper Quaternary (3)
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Stone Age
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Paleolithic (1)
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Tertiary
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Asmari Formation (1)
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Climax Porphyry (1)
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lower Tertiary (1)
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Neogene
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Miocene
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Columbia River Basalt Group (1)
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lower Miocene
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Burdigalian (2)
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middle Miocene
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Badenian (1)
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Oficina Formation (1)
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Picture Gorge Basalt (1)
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Sarmatian (1)
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upper Miocene
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Chinji Formation (1)
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Messinian (1)
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Mount Messenger Formation (2)
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-
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Pliocene
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upper Pliocene (1)
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-
-
Paleogene
-
Dongying Formation (2)
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Eocene
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Avon Park Formation (2)
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lower Eocene
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Ypresian
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London Clay (2)
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-
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middle Eocene
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Yegua Formation (1)
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-
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lower Paleogene (1)
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Oligocene
-
Boom Clay (4)
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Brule Formation (1)
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Fontainebleau Sandstone (1)
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Frio Formation (1)
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lower Oligocene
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Rupelian (1)
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-
-
Paleocene
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lower Paleocene
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Danian (1)
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K-T boundary (2)
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-
-
Tyonek Formation (1)
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-
Shahejie Formation (5)
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-
upper Cenozoic (3)
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-
Laurentide ice sheet (4)
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Mesozoic
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Carrara Marble (1)
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Cretaceous
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Comanchean
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Buda Limestone (3)
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-
Hue Shale (1)
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Lower Cretaceous
-
Albian (3)
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Aptian (3)
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Burro Canyon Formation (1)
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McMurray Formation (3)
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Pebble Shale (1)
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Torok Formation (1)
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Middle Cretaceous (3)
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Qingshankou Formation (2)
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Quantou Formation (1)
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Upper Cretaceous
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Blackhawk Formation (2)
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Buda Limestone (3)
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Campanian
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upper Campanian (1)
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Cenomanian (2)
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Codell Sandstone Member (4)
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Frontier Formation (1)
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Gulfian
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Austin Chalk (2)
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Eagle Ford Formation (8)
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-
Horseshoe Canyon Formation (1)
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Javelina Formation (1)
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K-T boundary (2)
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Maestrichtian (2)
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Mesaverde Group (1)
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Niobrara Formation (4)
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Senonian (1)
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Tuolumne Intrusive Suite (1)
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Turonian (2)
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Tuscaloosa Formation (3)
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Wall Creek Member (1)
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Williams Fork Formation (1)
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-
-
Jurassic
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Bazhenov Formation (2)
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Kingak Shale (1)
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Lower Jurassic
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Dunlin Group (2)
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Toarcian
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lower Toarcian (1)
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-
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Middle Jurassic
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Bajocian
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Brent Group (1)
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Ness Formation (1)
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Bathonian (1)
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Callovian (1)
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Dogger (1)
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Summerville Formation (1)
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Opalinus Clay (1)
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Posidonia Shale (1)
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Upper Jurassic
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Entrada Sandstone (1)
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Hanifa Formation (5)
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Kimmeridgian (2)
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Morrison Formation (1)
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Oxfordian (1)
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Tithonian (1)
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-
-
Navajo Sandstone (1)
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Nugget Sandstone (1)
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Triassic
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Lower Triassic
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Permian-Triassic boundary (1)
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-
Montney Formation (3)
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Shublik Formation (1)
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Upper Triassic
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Chinle Formation (1)
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Xujiahe Formation (3)
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Yanchang Formation (5)
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-
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upper Mesozoic (3)
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Vaca Muerta Formation (2)
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Yanshanian (2)
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-
MIS 2 (1)
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MIS 3 (1)
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MIS 5 (2)
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MIS 6 (2)
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MIS 7 (1)
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Moldanubian (1)
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Paleozoic
-
Arbuckle Group (2)
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Berea Sandstone (4)
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Cambrian
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Lower Cambrian
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Terreneuvian
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Fortunian (1)
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-
-
-
Carboniferous
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Lower Carboniferous (2)
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Mississippian
-
Barnett Shale (11)
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Lower Mississippian
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Pocono Formation (1)
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-
Middle Mississippian
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Visean (2)
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-
Upper Mississippian
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Fayetteville Formation (1)
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Hartselle Sandstone (1)
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Meramecian (1)
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Serpukhovian (1)
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-
-
Namurian (2)
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Pennsylvanian
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Conemaugh Group (1)
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Marble Falls Group (1)
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Middle Pennsylvanian
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Allegheny Group (1)
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-
Monongahela Group (1)
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Red Fork Sandstone (1)
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Upper Pennsylvanian
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Cisco Group (1)
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-
Wapanucka Limestone (1)
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-
Upper Carboniferous
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Millstone Grit (1)
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Westphalian (1)
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-
-
Devonian
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Middle Devonian
-
Eifelian (1)
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Givetian (1)
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Mahantango Formation (1)
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Marcellus Shale (4)
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Onondaga Limestone (1)
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Sylvania Formation (1)
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-
Old Red Sandstone (2)
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Popovich Formation (1)
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Slave Point Formation (1)
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Upper Devonian
-
Duperow Formation (2)
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Frasnian (5)
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-
-
Dunkard Group (1)
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lower Paleozoic (2)
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Ordovician
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Lower Ordovician
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Ellenburger Group (4)
-
-
Majiagou Formation (1)
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Trenton Group (1)
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Upper Ordovician
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Edenian (1)
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Kope Formation (1)
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Wufeng Formation (4)
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-
Utica Shale (1)
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Viola Limestone (1)
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-
Permian
-
Ecca Group (1)
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Guadalupian
-
Grayburg Formation (1)
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-
Lower Permian
-
Leonardian
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Clear Fork Group (1)
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-
Wichita Group (1)
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Wolfcampian (15)
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-
Middle Permian (1)
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Rotliegendes (4)
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Shihezi Formation (1)
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Upper Permian
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (1)
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Zechstein (3)
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-
-
Silurian
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Lower Silurian (8)
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Middle Silurian
-
Roberts Mountains Formation (1)
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-
-
Taiyuan Formation (1)
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upper Paleozoic
-
Bakken Formation (5)
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Shanxi Formation (2)
-
-
Woodford Shale (3)
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-
Phanerozoic (2)
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Precambrian
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Archean
-
Neoarchean
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Dharwar Supergroup (1)
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Sargur Group (1)
-
-
Timiskaming Group (1)
-
-
Central Rand Group (2)
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Hadean (1)
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Pahrump Series (1)
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Pongola Supergroup (1)
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Transvaal Supergroup (1)
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upper Precambrian
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Proterozoic
-
Mesoproterozoic
-
Gawler Range Volcanics (1)
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Hiltaba Suite (1)
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-
Neoproterozoic
-
Cryogenian (2)
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Dengying Formation (1)
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Ediacaran (3)
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Marinoan (2)
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Torridonian (1)
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-
Paleoproterozoic
-
Hemlock Formation (1)
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Rustenburg Layered Suite (1)
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-
Roan Supergroup (1)
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Sinian
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Dengying Formation (1)
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-
-
-
Witwatersrand Supergroup (2)
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-
-
igneous rocks
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igneous rocks
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carbonatites (2)
-
kimberlite (5)
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phoscorites (1)
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picrite (2)
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plutonic rocks
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diabase (1)
-
diorites
-
tonalite (2)
-
-
gabbros (8)
-
granites
-
alkali granites (1)
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aplite (1)
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A-type granites (3)
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charnockite (1)
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I-type granites (3)
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leucogranite (1)
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microgranite (2)
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monzogranite (4)
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muscovite granite (1)
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S-type granites (2)
-
-
granodiorites (5)
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lamprophyres (1)
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monzodiorite (3)
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monzonites (1)
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pegmatite (4)
-
ultramafics
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chromitite (1)
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peridotites
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harzburgite (1)
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lherzolite (1)
-
-
pyroxenite (4)
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-
-
porphyry (6)
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volcanic rocks
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adakites (1)
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andesites
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boninite (2)
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-
basalts
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alkali basalts
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trachybasalts (1)
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-
flood basalts (2)
-
mid-ocean ridge basalts (7)
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ocean-island basalts (3)
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tholeiite (1)
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trap rocks (1)
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-
basanite (1)
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dacites
-
dacite porphyry (1)
-
-
glasses
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volcanic glass (1)
-
-
komatiite (1)
-
pyroclastics
-
ignimbrite (1)
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pumice (1)
-
tuff (5)
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welded tuff (1)
-
-
rhyolites (2)
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trachyandesites (1)
-
-
-
ophiolite (4)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metamorphic rocks
-
amphibolites (1)
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cataclasites (1)
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eclogite (5)
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gneisses
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biotite gneiss (2)
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granite gneiss (1)
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Carboniferous
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Silurian
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Precambrian
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Journal Article
Machine-learning inversion via adaptive learning and statistical sampling: Application to airborne micro-TEM for seismic sand corrections
Journal: Geophysics
Publisher: Society of Exploration Geophysicists
Published: 13 April 2023
Geophysics (2023) 88 (3): K51–K68.
...Daniele Colombo; Ersan Turkoglu; Ernesto Sandoval-Curiel; Diego Rovetta; Weichang Li ABSTRACT We develop a novel physics-adaptive machine-learning (ML) inversion scheme showing optimal generalization capabilities for field data applications. We apply the physics-driven deep-learning inversion...
Journal Article
Machine learning and learning from machines
Journal: The Leading Edge
Publisher: Society of Exploration Geophysicists
Published: 01 December 2018
The Leading Edge (2018) 37 (12): 886–893.
...Ehsan Zabihi Naeini; Kenton Prindle Abstract Machine learning has been around for decades or, depending on your view, centuries. To consider the tools and underpinnings of machine learning, one would need to go back to the work of Bayes and Laplace, the derivation of least squares, and Markov...
Journal Article
Pseudo‐Dynamic Source Characterization for Geometrically Rough Faults Using Machine Learning
Publisher: Seismological Society of America
Published: 17 April 2025
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2025)
...‐dynamic (PD) approaches integrate the physical principles of dynamic rupture into a kinematic framework for efficient ground‐motion computation. To capture the complex nonlinear relationships between earthquake source parameters, machine learning (ML) approaches offer a suitable alternative to first‐order...
Early Publication
Includes: Supplemental Content
Journal Article
Earthquake Declustering Using Supervised Machine Learning
Publisher: Seismological Society of America
Published: 10 April 2025
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2025)
... methods have been introduced in the literature and operate under the supposition that background events occur independently whereas clusters are triggered by prior events. Here, we test the ability of supervised machine learning (SML) on the declustering problem by leveraging two popular statistical...
Early Publication
Includes: Supplemental Content
Journal Article
A unified framework for evaluating the robustness of machine-learning interpretability for prospect risking
Journal: Geophysics
Publisher: Society of Exploration Geophysicists
Published: 07 April 2025
Geophysics (2025) IM103–IM118.
...Prithwijit Chowdhury; Ahmad Mustafa; Mohit Prabhushankar; Ghassan AlRegib ABSTRACT In geophysics, hydrocarbon prospect risking involves assessing the risks associated with hydrocarbon exploration by integrating data from various sources. Machine-learning-based classifiers trained on tabular data...
Early Publication
Journal Article
Machine learning for robust velocity interpretation of uphole and check-shot data
Journal: The Leading Edge
Publisher: Society of Exploration Geophysicists
Published: 01 April 2025
The Leading Edge (2025) 44 (4): 288–294.
... of upholes and by multiple operators, the outcome is often an inconsistent velocity model. As machine learning (ML) algorithms continue to exhibit potential for advancing various subfields of geophysics, we introduce an ML-based approach for automatic interpretation of uphole and check-shot velocity profiles...
Journal Article
Advanced machine learning for low-data porosity and permeability prediction in tight sandstones
Journal: Geophysics
Publisher: Society of Exploration Geophysicists
Published: 24 March 2025
Geophysics (2025) M31–M44.
...Juan Wu; Renze Luo; Lei Luo; Canru Lei; Xingting Chen ABSTRACT Accurate prediction of porosity and permeability is crucial for understanding subsurface fluids. Traditional physical methodologies, however, are costly and time consuming. Moreover, existing machine-learning predictive methods require...
Early Publication
Journal Article
Machine Learning-assisted Investigation of Landslide Susceptibility for Aglar Watershed in the Lesser Himalaya Region
Publisher: Geological Society of India
Published: 01 March 2025
Jour. Geol. Soc. India (2025) 101 (3): 384–396.
...Dipika Keshri; Shovan Lal Chattoraj; Rakesh Kumar Pandey; Kripamoy Sarkar ABSTRACT Numerous susceptibility modelling and mapping studies have been conducted in the past, aiming to mitigate landslides. In recent years, Machine Learning-assisted predictive modelling has gained tremendous attention...
Includes: Supplemental Content
Journal Article
Local Magnitude Estimation via an Attention‐Based Machine Learning Model
Journal: Seismological Research Letters
Publisher: Seismological Society of America
Published: 28 February 2025
Seismological Research Letters (2025)
... methods rely on complete waveform records, including earthquake epicenter distance and waveform amplitude, which can delay magnitude assessment. Machine learning techniques offer a promising avenue for capturing nonlinear relationships within seismic data, enhancing both information extraction...
Early Publication
Includes: Supplemental Content
Journal Article
Sparry calcite identification in shale reservoirs by data augmentation and attention-based machine-learning algorithms
Journal: Interpretation
Publisher: Society of Exploration Geophysicists
Published: 11 February 2025
Interpretation (2025) T233–T246.
.... However, the logging response to sparry calcite is weak and sample sizes are limited, making accurate identification challenging using conventional methods. To address this challenge, we develop data augmentation and attention-based machine-learning algorithms, specify logging curves as experimental data...
Early Publication
Journal Article
Evaluating the Impact of Spectrum‐Matched Time Histories on Biased FRS Estimates: Part 1‐Sensitivity Analysis Using Machine Learning
Publisher: Seismological Society of America
Published: 06 February 2025
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2025) 115 (2): 664–679.
... shows that different time histories matching the same target spectrum can produce highly variable FRS estimates. This study examines the impact of spectrum‐matched time histories on biased FRS estimates using machine learning methods. We generated 1750 spectrum‐matched time histories based on five...
Includes: Supplemental Content
Journal Article
New insights into controlling factors of organic matter enrichment in Carboniferous−Permian shales based on machine learning
Donglin Lin, Zhaodong Xi, Shuheng Tang, Gary G. Lash, Yang Chen, Qian Zhang, Xiongxiong Yang, Tengfei Jia
Journal: GSA Bulletin
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Published: 06 February 2025
GSA Bulletin (2025)
... of organic matter enrichment in Carboniferous Permian shales based on machine learning Donglin Lin1, Zhaodong Xi1,2,3 Shuheng Tang1,2,3 Gary G. Lash4, Yang Chen1, Qian Zhang2, Xiongxiong Yang2, and Tengfei Jia2 1S chool of Energy Resource, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China 2K...
Early Publication
Journal Article
A Comparison of Machine Learning Methods of Association Tested on Dense Nodal Arrays
Journal: Seismological Research Letters
Publisher: Seismological Society of America
Published: 05 February 2025
Seismological Research Letters (2025)
... challenges in association due to the vast numbers of observations and high likelihood of errant picks. In addition, the large number of stations can greatly increase the time it takes to perform the association. For this reason, machine learning (ML) methods might provide a more optimal method of association...
Early Publication
Journal Article
Machine-learning-driven semiauto multiscenario horizon interpretation with uncertainty quantification
Journal: Geophysics
Publisher: Society of Exploration Geophysicists
Published: 03 February 2025
Geophysics (2025) 90 (2): IM47–IM58.
... the quality of a seismic reflector is poor. The uncertainty caused by inaccurate seismic horizon interpretations often misleads the volumetric analyses of subsurface reservoirs. To resolve these issues, we develop a four-step machine-learning-based semiautomated horizon interpretation workflow. In the first...
Journal Article
Unraveling clay-mineral genesis and climate change on Earth and Mars using machine learning-based VNIR spectral modeling
Lulu Zhao, Anbei Deng, Hanlie Hong, Jiannan Zhao, Thomas J. Algeo, Fuxing Liu, Nanmujia Luozhui, Qian Fang
Journal: American Mineralogist
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Published: 01 February 2025
American Mineralogist (2025) 110 (2): 217–231.
... – 1298 . Bravard , S. and Righi , D. ( 1990 ) Podzols in Amazonia . Catena , 17 , 461 – 475 . Breiman , L. ( 2001 ) Random forests . Machine Learning , 45 , 5 – 32 , https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010933404324 . Brewer , A. , Teng , F.Z. , and Dethier , D...
Includes: Supplemental Content
Journal Article
TBM Performance Prediction Using Statistical and Machine Learning Algorithms: Case Study of Slurry TBM Used in Mumbai Metro Rail Tunnel Line–3 (UGC-03), India
Publisher: Geological Society of India
Published: 01 February 2025
Jour. Geol. Soc. India (2025) 101 (2): 149–162.
... ), and Brazilian tensile strength (BTS) as the input parameters considering two statistical approaches i.e., multivariate linear regression (MVLR) and multivariate non-linear regression (MVNLR) and five machine learning (ML) algorithms i.e., random forests (RF), K-nearest neighbour (KNN), XG-Boost, support vector...
Journal Article
Integrating machine learning with simultaneous quantile regression for uncertainty estimation
Journal: The Leading Edge
Publisher: Society of Exploration Geophysicists
Published: 01 February 2025
The Leading Edge (2025) 44 (2): 133–141.
... based on machine learning (ML) to velocity model building has garnered significant attention due to their computational efficiency. However, most existing ML implementations provide only a single prediction for a given input, which may not adequately reflect the distribution of the testing data...
Journal Article
GENERALIZED DATASET OF GEOLOGICAL AND GEOPHYSICAL INFORMATION ON THE EASTERN SECTOR OF THE RUSSIAN ARCTIC FOR MACHINE LEARNING-BASED ANALYSIS
Journal: Russian Geology and Geophysics
Publisher: Novosibirsk State University
Published: 01 February 2025
Russ. Geol. Geophys. (2025) 66 (2): 210–223.
...I.A. Lisenkov; A.A. Soloviev; V.A. Kuznetsov; Yu.I. Nikolova The article presents a practical approach to the geological and geophysical spatial data collection and preliminary processing to use in machine learning models for geophysical applications. According to the established principles...
Journal Article
Exploring Continuous Seismic Data at an Industry Facility Using Unsupervised Machine Learning
Chengping Chai, Omar Marcillo, Monica Maceira, Junghyun Park, Stephen Arrowsmith, James O. Thomas, Joshua Cunningham
Journal: The Seismic Record
Publisher: Seismological Society of America
Published: 30 January 2025
The Seismic Record (2025) 5 (1): 64–72.
...Chengping Chai; Omar Marcillo; Monica Maceira; Junghyun Park; Stephen Arrowsmith; James O. Thomas; Joshua Cunningham Abstract Seismic data recorded at industrial sites contain valuable information on anthropogenic activities. With advances in machine learning and computing power, new opportunities...
Includes: Supplemental Content
Journal Article
Improving the classification of rock samples with diffusion probabilistic machine learning
Journal: Interpretation
Publisher: Society of Exploration Geophysicists
Published: 27 December 2024
Interpretation (2025) 13 (1): T153–T162.
...Julián Luis Gómez; Emilio Camilion Abstract Machine learning is a powerful data-driven technology for regression and classification tasks in numerous branches of science and technology. With probabilistic machine learning, we can approximate the probability density function of a given digital data...
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