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![Photographs of synthesis products from a binocular microscope. (a) Libethenite crystals, phase-pure sample; (b) libethenite crystals contaminated by spherical aggregates of pseudomalachite.]()
![The crystal structures of kovdorskite, libethenite and tarbuttite: (a) kovdorskite projected onto (001); (b) kovdorskite projected onto (010); (Mgϕ6) octahedra are shadow-shaded; (c) libethenite projected onto (010); (d) libethenite projected onto (001); (Cu2+ϕ6) are dot-shaded, (Cu2+ϕ5) are shadow-shaded; (e) tarbuttite projected onto (001); (f) tarbuttite projected onto (100); (Znϕ6) octahedra and (Znϕ5) polyhedra are square-pattern-shaded.]()
![First thumbnail for: A new mineral, zincolibethenite, CuZnPO 4 OH, a st...]()
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![Isotopic composition of the synthetic samples studied, plotted as a function of temperature and recalculated to the 1000 ln α factors. The lines show the fits whose parameters A and B are listed in Table 5. Note that the copper isotope composition for libethenite at 60°C was considered to be an outlier and not included in the fits. The copper isotope composition for libethenite and olivenite at 40°C overlap and only one symbol is visible.]()
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![Chemical composition of the members of the libethenite–olivenite solid solution from natural samples. Circles: this work; diamonds: literature data from Szakáll et al. (1994), Jansa et al. (1998), Gołębiowska et al. (2006), Sejkora et al. (2006), Downs (2006), Williams et al. (2006), Sejkora et al. (2008).]()
![Lippmann diagrams (Lippmann 1980) for the libethenite–olivenite solid-solution series. (a) Ideal solid-solution series, (b) subregular solid-solution series with a0 = 1.07 and a1 = 1.23 Å. Both diagrams were calculated with the program MBSSAS (Glynn 1991). For details, see text.]()
![Variation of unit-cell parameters and volume with temperature for olivenite (diamonds). Data for libethenite (triangles;Zemaet al., 2010) and adamite (circles;Zema et al., 2016) are also shown for comparison. Data are normalized to RT values. Linear regressions are calculated in the range 200–500°C for olivenite and 25–400°C for libethenite and adamite, and are reported as solid lines. Polynomial fits for the evolution of unit-cell parameters and volume in the monoclinic olivenite phase are reported as dashed lines.]()
![Perspective view of crystal structure of libethenite plotted along c. Thermal ellipsoids are plotted at 50% probability level. Light blue: Cu(1) octahedra forming straight chains along c; green: Cu(2) trigonal bipyramids forming isolated dimers occupying channels running along c; purple: P tetrahedra. Hydrogen atoms are reported in grey. Inset: detail of the crystal structure highlighting the possible H-bonding network. Symmetry codes refer to hydrogen position: (i) −x, −y, ±z; (ii) ½−x, ½+y, ±(½−z).]()
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![Infrared absorption spectrum of the hydroxyl-stretching region of (a) pseudomalachite, (b) libethenite, and (c) cornetite.]()
![Intensity of the hydroxyl stretching vibrations of (a) pseudomalachite, (b) libethenite, and (c) cornetite as a function of temperature.]()
![Bandwidth of the hydroxyl stretching vibrations of (a) pseudomalachite, (b) libethenite, and (c) cornetite as a function of temperature.]()
![Intensity of the hydroxyl bending vibrations of (a) pseudomalachite, (b) libethenite, and (c) cornetite as a function of temperature.]()
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Journal Article
Isotopic exchange of oxygen, sulfur, hydrogen and copper between aqueous phase and the copper minerals brochantite, libethenite and olivenite Open Access
Journal: Mineralogical Magazine
Published: 18 October 2021
Mineralogical Magazine (2022) 86 (4): 644–651.
...Juraj Majzlan; Ryan Mathur; Rastislav Milovský; Stanislava Milovská Abstract Fractionation factors for the isotopes of O, H, S, or Cu (as appropriate) were determined for the minerals brochantite [Cu 4 (SO 4 )(OH) 6 ], libethenite [Cu 2 (PO 4 )(OH)] and olivenite [Cu 2 (AsO 4 )(OH...
FIGURES
Journal Article
Thermodynamic Properties and Phase Equilibria of the Secondary Copper Minerals Libethenite, Olivenite, Pseudomalachite, KrÖhnkite, Cyanochroite, and Devilline Available to Purchase
Journal: The Canadian Mineralogist
Publisher: Mineralogical Association of Canada
Published: 01 September 2015
The Canadian Mineralogist (2015) 53 (5): 937–960.
...Juraj Majzlan; Arne H. Zittlau; Klaus-Dieter Grevel; Jacob Schliesser; Brian F. Woodfield; Edgar Dachs; Martin Števko; Martin Chovan; Jakub PlÁŠil; Jiří Sejkora; Stanislava MilovskÁ The thermodynamic properties of libethenite [Cu 2 (PO 4 )(OH)], olivenite [Cu 2 (AsO 4 )(OH)], pseudomalachite [Cu 5...
FIGURES
Journal Article
Thermal behaviour of libethenite from room temperature up to dehydration Available to Purchase
Journal: Mineralogical Magazine
Published: 01 June 2010
Mineralogical Magazine (2010) 74 (3): 553–565.
...M. Zema; S. C. Tarantino; A. M. Callegari Abstract The structural modifications with temperature of libethenite, Cu 2 (PO 4 )(OH), were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction up to dehydration and consequent decomposition of the crystal under investigation. In the temperature range 25–475°C...
FIGURES
Journal Article
An infrared spectroscopic study of the basic copper phosphate minerals: Cornetite, libethenite, and pseudomalachite Available to Purchase
Journal: American Mineralogist
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Published: 01 January 2003
American Mineralogist (2003) 88 (1): 37–46.
...Wayde Martens; Ray L. Frost Abstract The molecular structures of the basic copper phosphate minerals pseudomalachite, libethenite, and cornetite were studied using a combination of infrared emission spectroscopy, infrared absorption, and Raman spectroscopy. Infrared emission spectra...
FIGURES
Journal Article
A crystal-structure refinement of libethenite Available to Purchase
Journal: The Canadian Mineralogist
Publisher: Mineralogical Association of Canada
Published: 01 May 1978
The Canadian Mineralogist (1978) 16 (2): 153–157.
Image
Photographs of synthesis products from a binocular microscope. (a) Libethen... Open Access
in Isotopic exchange of oxygen, sulfur, hydrogen and copper between aqueous phase and the copper minerals brochantite, libethenite and olivenite
> Mineralogical Magazine
Published: 18 October 2021
Fig. 1. Photographs of synthesis products from a binocular microscope. (a) Libethenite crystals, phase-pure sample; (b) libethenite crystals contaminated by spherical aggregates of pseudomalachite.
Image
The crystal structures of kovdorskite, libethenite and tarbuttite: (a) kovd... Available to Purchase
Published: 01 January 2002
Figure 39. The crystal structures of kovdorskite, libethenite and tarbuttite: (a) kovdorskite projected onto (001); (b) kovdorskite projected onto (010); (Mgϕ 6 ) octahedra are shadow-shaded; (c) libethenite projected onto (010); (d) libethenite projected onto (001); (Cu 2+ ϕ 6 ) are dot-shaded
Journal Article
A new mineral, zincolibethenite, CuZnPO 4 OH, a stoichiometric species of specific site occupancy Available to Purchase
Journal: Mineralogical Magazine
Published: 01 April 2005
Mineralogical Magazine (2005) 69 (2): 145–153.
..., microchemical and electron probe microanalysis, infrared spectroscopy, and synthesis experiments. They are shown to be orthorhombic, stoichiometric CuZnPO 4 OH, of species rank, forming the end-member of a solid-solution series to libethenite, Cu 2 PO 4 OH, and are named zincolibethenite. The libethenite...
FIGURES
Image
Isotopic composition of the synthetic samples studied, plotted as a functio... Open Access
in Isotopic exchange of oxygen, sulfur, hydrogen and copper between aqueous phase and the copper minerals brochantite, libethenite and olivenite
> Mineralogical Magazine
Published: 18 October 2021
Fig. 2. Isotopic composition of the synthetic samples studied, plotted as a function of temperature and recalculated to the 1000 ln α factors. The lines show the fits whose parameters A and B are listed in Table 5 . Note that the copper isotope composition for libethenite at 60°C
Image
Isotopic analyses of natural libethenite crystals from the dumps at Ľubieto... Open Access
in Isotopic exchange of oxygen, sulfur, hydrogen and copper between aqueous phase and the copper minerals brochantite, libethenite and olivenite
> Mineralogical Magazine
Published: 18 October 2021
Table 6. Isotopic analyses of natural libethenite crystals from the dumps at Ľubietová-Podlipa. Sample δD SMOW δ 18 O SMOW Lub–08 –49.0 +5.58 Lub–05 –57.4 +4.36 Lub–01 –52.2 +5.97
Image
THERMODYNAMIC FUNCTIONS OF LIBETHENITE, CALCULATED FROM THE HEAT CAPACITY D... Available to Purchase
in Thermodynamic Properties and Phase Equilibria of the Secondary Copper Minerals Libethenite, Olivenite, Pseudomalachite, KrÖhnkite, Cyanochroite, and Devilline
> The Canadian Mineralogist
Published: 01 September 2015
TABLE 7. THERMODYNAMIC FUNCTIONS OF LIBETHENITE, CALCULATED FROM THE HEAT CAPACITY DATA MEASURED IN THIS STUDY
Image
Chemical composition of the members of the libethenite–olivenite solid solu... Available to Purchase
in Thermodynamic Properties and Phase Equilibria of the Secondary Copper Minerals Libethenite, Olivenite, Pseudomalachite, KrÖhnkite, Cyanochroite, and Devilline
> The Canadian Mineralogist
Published: 01 September 2015
Fig. 12. Chemical composition of the members of the libethenite–olivenite solid solution from natural samples. Circles: this work; diamonds: literature data from Szakáll et al . (1994) , Jansa et al . (1998) , Gołębiowska et al . (2006) , Sejkora et al . (2006) , Downs (2006) , Williams
Image
Lippmann diagrams (Lippmann 1980 ) for the libethenite–olivenite solid-solu... Available to Purchase
in Thermodynamic Properties and Phase Equilibria of the Secondary Copper Minerals Libethenite, Olivenite, Pseudomalachite, KrÖhnkite, Cyanochroite, and Devilline
> The Canadian Mineralogist
Published: 01 September 2015
Fig. 14. Lippmann diagrams (Lippmann 1980 ) for the libethenite–olivenite solid-solution series. (a) Ideal solid-solution series, (b) subregular solid-solution series with a 0 = 1.07 and a 1 = 1.23 Å. Both diagrams were calculated with the program MBSSAS ( Glynn 1991 ). For details, see
Image
Variation of unit-cell parameters and volume with temperature for olivenite... Available to Purchase
in Monoclinic-to-orthorhombic phase transition in Cu 2 (AsO 4 )(OH) olivenite at high temperature: strain and mode decomposition analyses
> Mineralogical Magazine
Published: 01 April 2018
Fig. 2. Variation of unit-cell parameters and volume with temperature for olivenite (diamonds). Data for libethenite (triangles;Zema et al ., 2010 ) and adamite (circles;Zema et al ., 2016 ) are also shown for comparison. Data are normalized to RT values. Linear regressions are calculated
Image
Perspective view of crystal structure of libethenite plotted along c . The... Available to Purchase
in Thermal behaviour of libethenite from room temperature up to dehydration
> Mineralogical Magazine
Published: 01 June 2010
F ig . 1. Perspective view of crystal structure of libethenite plotted along c . Thermal ellipsoids are plotted at 50% probability level. Light blue: Cu(1) octahedra forming straight chains along c ; green: Cu(2) trigonal bipyramids forming isolated dimers occupying channels running along c
Image
Isotopic composition of the solutions used for syntheses of brochantite, li... Open Access
in Isotopic exchange of oxygen, sulfur, hydrogen and copper between aqueous phase and the copper minerals brochantite, libethenite and olivenite
> Mineralogical Magazine
Published: 18 October 2021
Table 4. Isotopic composition of the solutions used for syntheses of brochantite, libethenite and olivenite. Solution δD δ 18 O δ 65 Cu δ 34 S Deionised water –60.49 ± 0.08 –8.32 ± 0.17 Cu(NO 3 ) 2 solution –65.4 ± 0.7 –6.22 ± 1.05 –0.37, –0.32 Na 2 HAsO 4
Image
Infrared absorption spectrum of the hydroxyl-stretching region of ( a ) pse... Available to Purchase
in An infrared spectroscopic study of the basic copper phosphate minerals: Cornetite, libethenite, and pseudomalachite
> American Mineralogist
Published: 01 January 2003
F igure 1. Infrared absorption spectrum of the hydroxyl-stretching region of ( a ) pseudomalachite, ( b ) libethenite, and ( c ) cornetite.
Image
Intensity of the hydroxyl stretching vibrations of ( a ) pseudomalachite, (... Available to Purchase
in An infrared spectroscopic study of the basic copper phosphate minerals: Cornetite, libethenite, and pseudomalachite
> American Mineralogist
Published: 01 January 2003
F igure 3. Intensity of the hydroxyl stretching vibrations of ( a ) pseudomalachite, ( b ) libethenite, and ( c ) cornetite as a function of temperature.
Image
Bandwidth of the hydroxyl stretching vibrations of ( a ) pseudomalachite, (... Available to Purchase
in An infrared spectroscopic study of the basic copper phosphate minerals: Cornetite, libethenite, and pseudomalachite
> American Mineralogist
Published: 01 January 2003
F igure 5. Bandwidth of the hydroxyl stretching vibrations of ( a ) pseudomalachite, ( b ) libethenite, and ( c ) cornetite as a function of temperature.
Image
Intensity of the hydroxyl bending vibrations of ( a ) pseudomalachite, ( b ... Available to Purchase
in An infrared spectroscopic study of the basic copper phosphate minerals: Cornetite, libethenite, and pseudomalachite
> American Mineralogist
Published: 01 January 2003
F igure 7. Intensity of the hydroxyl bending vibrations of ( a ) pseudomalachite, ( b ) libethenite, and ( c ) cornetite as a function of temperature.
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