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NARROW
Format
Article Type
Journal
Publisher
Section
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
-
Central Africa
-
Gabon (1)
-
-
East Africa
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Tanzania (2)
-
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Madagascar (2)
-
North Africa
-
Atlas Mountains
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
High Atlas (1)
-
-
-
Egypt
-
Eastern Desert (1)
-
-
Libya (1)
-
Morocco
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
High Atlas (1)
-
-
Rif
-
Beni Bouchera (1)
-
-
-
-
Southern Africa
-
Barberton greenstone belt (8)
-
Kaapvaal Craton (10)
-
Karoo Basin (1)
-
Namibia (1)
-
Orange River (1)
-
South Africa
-
Bushveld Complex (2)
-
Free State South Africa
-
Vredefort Dome (6)
-
-
KwaZulu-Natal South Africa (2)
-
Merensky Reef (2)
-
Mpumalanga South Africa (2)
-
Transvaal region (1)
-
Witwatersrand (3)
-
-
Swaziland (2)
-
Zimbabwe
-
Great Dyke (1)
-
-
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West Africa
-
Guinea
-
Los Islands (1)
-
-
Ivory Coast (1)
-
-
West African Craton (1)
-
Zimbabwe Craton (2)
-
-
Antarctica
-
Antarctic Peninsula (1)
-
East Antarctica (1)
-
Queen Maud Land
-
Sor-Rondane Mountains (1)
-
-
-
Arctic Ocean
-
Norwegian Sea (1)
-
-
Arctic region
-
Greenland
-
Akilia (1)
-
Ilimaussaq (1)
-
Isua Belt (1)
-
Nuuk Greenland (1)
-
Skaergaard Intrusion (1)
-
South Greenland (2)
-
West Greenland (2)
-
-
-
Asia
-
Altai Mountains
-
Gorny Altai (1)
-
Mongolian Altai (1)
-
-
Altai Russian Federation
-
Gorny Altai (1)
-
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Oman (2)
-
-
Buryat Russian Federation
-
Vitim Plateau (1)
-
-
Central Asia
-
Kazakhstan
-
Balkhash Kazakhstan (1)
-
Kokchetav Kazakhstan
-
Kokchetav Massif (1)
-
-
-
Pamirs (1)
-
-
Far East
-
China
-
Bohaiwan Basin (1)
-
Dabie Mountains (3)
-
Fujian China (1)
-
Guizhou China (1)
-
Henan China (1)
-
Hubei China
-
Jianghan Basin (1)
-
-
Hunan China (3)
-
Nanling (1)
-
North China Platform (5)
-
Ordos Basin (1)
-
Qinling Mountains (2)
-
Shandong China (1)
-
Sichuan Basin (1)
-
South China Block (2)
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Sulu Terrane (4)
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Xiaoqinling Mountains (1)
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Xinjiang China (1)
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Xizang China (1)
-
-
Indonesia
-
Irian Jaya Indonesia (1)
-
-
Japan
-
Hokkaido (1)
-
-
Mongolia
-
Mongolian Altai (1)
-
-
Philippine Islands
-
Luzon (1)
-
-
Vietnam (1)
-
-
Gobi Desert (1)
-
Himalayas (2)
-
Indian Peninsula
-
India
-
Jharkhand India
-
Singhbhum India (1)
-
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Northeastern India
-
Arunachal Pradesh India (1)
-
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Orissa India (1)
-
Rajasthan India (1)
-
Uttar Pradesh India (1)
-
-
Pakistan (2)
-
-
Indus-Yarlung Zangbo suture zone (1)
-
Irkutsk Russian Federation (2)
-
Kamchatka Russian Federation
-
Kamchatka Peninsula
-
Tolbachik (1)
-
-
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Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation
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Taymyr Dolgan-Nenets Russian Federation
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Norilsk region (1)
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-
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Kyrgyzstan (2)
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Middle East
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Cyprus (1)
-
Turkey
-
Anatolia (1)
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Sivas Turkey (1)
-
-
-
Murgab Basin (1)
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Russian Far East (1)
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Siberia (2)
-
Siberian Platform (3)
-
Sri Lanka (2)
-
Stanovoy Range (1)
-
Tajikistan
-
Badakhshan (1)
-
-
Tibetan Plateau (1)
-
Tien Shan (1)
-
Transbaikalia (3)
-
Tunguska Syneclise (1)
-
Western Transbaikalia (1)
-
Yakutia Russian Federation
-
Mir Pipe (1)
-
-
Yenisei-Khatanga basin (1)
-
Zabaykalskiy Russian Federation
-
Chita Russian Federation (2)
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
Mid-Atlantic Ridge (1)
-
North Atlantic
-
Gulf of Mexico (1)
-
Irish Sea (1)
-
Labrador Sea
-
Labrador Shelf (1)
-
-
North Sea (3)
-
-
-
Australasia
-
Australia
-
New South Wales Australia (1)
-
Queensland Australia
-
Mount Isa Australia (1)
-
-
Western Australia
-
Hamersley Basin (2)
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Pilbara Craton (4)
-
Yilgarn Craton (1)
-
-
-
New Zealand (1)
-
Papua New Guinea
-
Bismarck Archipelago
-
Rabaul Caldera (1)
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-
-
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Black Hills (1)
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Caledonides (1)
-
Canada
-
Arctic Archipelago (1)
-
Cassiar Mountains (1)
-
Eastern Canada
-
Baffin Island (2)
-
Maritime Provinces
-
Nova Scotia (1)
-
-
Newfoundland and Labrador
-
Labrador (1)
-
Newfoundland
-
Daniel's Harbour Newfoundland and Labrador (1)
-
-
-
Ontario
-
Cochrane District Ontario
-
Timmins Ontario (1)
-
-
Dryden Ontario (1)
-
Kenora District Ontario (1)
-
Parry Sound District Ontario
-
Parry Sound Ontario (1)
-
-
Sudbury igneous complex (3)
-
Sudbury Structure (3)
-
-
Quebec
-
Abitibi County Quebec
-
Val d'Or Quebec (1)
-
-
Magdalen Islands (1)
-
Manicouagan Crater (1)
-
Rouville County Quebec
-
Mont-Saint-Hilaire Quebec (1)
-
-
-
-
Nunavut
-
Baffin Island (2)
-
-
Queen Elizabeth Islands (1)
-
Western Canada
-
Alberta (1)
-
Athabasca Basin (6)
-
Athabasca District (1)
-
British Columbia (2)
-
Northwest Territories (3)
-
Saskatchewan (5)
-
Yukon Territory
-
Whitehorse Yukon Territory (1)
-
-
-
-
Caribbean region
-
West Indies
-
Antilles
-
Greater Antilles
-
Cuba (1)
-
Hispaniola
-
Haiti (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Cascade Range (3)
-
Chicxulub Crater (1)
-
Commonwealth of Independent States
-
Kazakhstan
-
Balkhash Kazakhstan (1)
-
Kokchetav Kazakhstan
-
Kokchetav Massif (1)
-
-
-
Kyrgyzstan (2)
-
Russian Federation
-
Altai Russian Federation
-
Gorny Altai (1)
-
-
Buryat Russian Federation
-
Vitim Plateau (1)
-
-
Irkutsk Russian Federation (2)
-
Kamchatka Russian Federation
-
Kamchatka Peninsula
-
Tolbachik (1)
-
-
-
Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation
-
Taymyr Dolgan-Nenets Russian Federation
-
Norilsk region (1)
-
-
-
Murmansk Russian Federation
-
Khibiny Mountains (1)
-
Lovozero Massif (1)
-
-
Russian Far East (1)
-
Siberian Platform (3)
-
Stanovoy Range (1)
-
Transbaikalia (3)
-
Tunguska Syneclise (1)
-
Western Transbaikalia (1)
-
Yakutia Russian Federation
-
Mir Pipe (1)
-
-
Zabaykalskiy Russian Federation
-
Chita Russian Federation (2)
-
-
-
Tajikistan
-
Badakhshan (1)
-
-
Ukraine
-
Kiev Ukraine
-
Chernobyl Ukraine (2)
-
-
-
Urals (1)
-
-
Cordillera de la Costa (1)
-
Crater Lake (1)
-
Cumberland Peninsula (1)
-
East Pacific Ocean Islands
-
Hawaii (1)
-
-
Elba (1)
-
Europe
-
Alps
-
Eastern Alps (1)
-
Piedmont Alps
-
Dora Maira Massif (1)
-
-
Swiss Alps
-
Southern Swiss Alps (1)
-
-
Western Alps
-
Cottian Alps
-
Dora Maira Massif (1)
-
-
-
-
Central Europe
-
Austria
-
Styria Austria (1)
-
-
Bohemian Massif (4)
-
Czech Republic (2)
-
Erzgebirge (1)
-
Germany
-
Bavaria Germany
-
Ries Crater (2)
-
-
North Rhine-Westphalia Germany (1)
-
-
Hungary
-
Balaton region (1)
-
Veszprem Hungary (1)
-
-
North Sudetic Basin (1)
-
Poland
-
Polish Sudeten Mountains (1)
-
-
Slovakia (1)
-
Sudeten Mountains
-
Polish Sudeten Mountains (1)
-
-
Switzerland
-
Swiss Alps
-
Southern Swiss Alps (1)
-
-
Ticino Switzerland (1)
-
-
-
Fennoscandian Shield (1)
-
Murmansk Russian Federation
-
Khibiny Mountains (1)
-
Lovozero Massif (1)
-
-
Pyrenees (1)
-
Rhine River (1)
-
Snieznik (1)
-
Southern Europe
-
Greece (1)
-
Iberian Peninsula
-
Spain (1)
-
-
Italy
-
Basilicata Italy
-
Potenza Italy (1)
-
-
Campania Italy
-
Monte Somma (1)
-
Naples Italy (1)
-
Vesuvius (1)
-
-
Latium Italy
-
Viterbo Italy (2)
-
-
Piemonte Italy
-
Dora Maira Massif (1)
-
-
-
Romania (1)
-
-
Ukraine
-
Kiev Ukraine
-
Chernobyl Ukraine (2)
-
-
-
Variscides (1)
-
Western Europe
-
Cottian Alps
-
Dora Maira Massif (1)
-
-
France
-
Central Massif (1)
-
-
Iceland (1)
-
Ireland
-
Cork Ireland (1)
-
-
Scandinavia
-
Finland (1)
-
Norway
-
Sor-Trondelag Norway (1)
-
Southern Norway (2)
-
-
Sweden
-
Smaland (1)
-
-
Western Gneiss region (1)
-
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
England
-
South-West England (1)
-
-
Scotland
-
Hebrides
-
Inner Hebrides
-
Isle of Skye (1)
-
-
-
Highland region Scotland
-
Inverness-shire Scotland
-
Isle of Skye (1)
-
-
-
-
Wales (1)
-
-
Northern Ireland (1)
-
-
-
-
Front Range (1)
-
Grand Canyon (1)
-
Green River basin (1)
-
Indian Ocean Islands
-
Madagascar (2)
-
-
Jack Hills (5)
-
Malay Archipelago
-
New Guinea
-
Irian Jaya Indonesia (1)
-
-
-
Mammoth Cave (1)
-
Maritimes Basin (1)
-
Mexico
-
Durango Mexico (2)
-
Yucatan Mexico (1)
-
-
New River (1)
-
North America
-
Appalachians
-
Blue Ridge Mountains (1)
-
Blue Ridge Province (1)
-
Central Appalachians (1)
-
-
Basin and Range Province
-
Great Basin (1)
-
-
Canadian Shield
-
Churchill Province (1)
-
Grenville Province (6)
-
Superior Province
-
Abitibi Belt (1)
-
-
-
North American Cordillera (1)
-
Peninsular Ranges Batholith (1)
-
Rocky Mountains
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains
-
Absaroka Range
-
Beartooth Mountains (2)
-
-
-
-
Yukon-Tanana Terrane (1)
-
-
Oceania
-
Polynesia
-
Hawaii (1)
-
-
-
Owens Valley (1)
-
Pacific Ocean
-
East Pacific
-
East Pacific Rise (1)
-
Northeast Pacific
-
Hess Deep (1)
-
-
-
Equatorial Pacific (1)
-
North Pacific
-
Mid-Pacific Mountains (1)
-
Northeast Pacific
-
Hess Deep (1)
-
-
-
South Pacific
-
Southwest Pacific
-
Campbell Plateau (1)
-
-
-
West Pacific
-
Southwest Pacific
-
Campbell Plateau (1)
-
-
-
-
polar regions (2)
-
San Joaquin Basin (1)
-
San Juan River (1)
-
Sierra Nevada (2)
-
South America
-
Andes
-
Northern Andes (1)
-
-
Argentina (5)
-
Brazil
-
Borborema (1)
-
Minas Gerais Brazil (2)
-
Parana Brazil (1)
-
-
Chile (2)
-
Colombia
-
Nevado del Ruiz (1)
-
-
Guyana (1)
-
Patagonia (2)
-
-
Southern Ocean (1)
-
United States
-
Alabama
-
Tallapoosa County Alabama (1)
-
-
Arizona (1)
-
Blue Ridge Mountains (1)
-
California
-
Inyo County California
-
Coso Range (1)
-
-
Mono County California
-
Long Valley Caldera (1)
-
-
San Bernardino County California
-
Pisgah Crater (1)
-
-
San Diego County California (1)
-
Southern California (1)
-
-
Colorado
-
Jefferson County Colorado
-
Golden Colorado (1)
-
-
Lake County Colorado
-
Climax Colorado (1)
-
-
-
Colorado Plateau (1)
-
Eastern California shear zone (1)
-
Great Basin (1)
-
Hawaii (1)
-
Idaho
-
Butte County Idaho (1)
-
Snake River plain (1)
-
Snake River Plain Aquifer (1)
-
-
Idaho Batholith (1)
-
Kentucky
-
Edmonson County Kentucky (1)
-
Kentucky River (1)
-
-
Massachusetts (1)
-
Midcontinent (1)
-
Minnesota (1)
-
Montana
-
Carbon County Montana (1)
-
-
Nevada
-
Nye County Nevada
-
Yucca Mountain (2)
-
-
-
New England (1)
-
New Hampshire (1)
-
New Mexico (1)
-
New York
-
Adirondack Mountains (1)
-
-
North Carolina (1)
-
Oklahoma
-
Kiowa County Oklahoma (1)
-
-
Oregon (2)
-
Pennsylvania (1)
-
Potomac River basin (1)
-
South Dakota (1)
-
Susquehanna River basin (1)
-
Tennessee
-
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (1)
-
-
Texas (1)
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains
-
Absaroka Range
-
Beartooth Mountains (2)
-
-
-
Utah
-
San Juan County Utah (1)
-
San Rafael Swell (1)
-
-
Vermont (1)
-
Virginia (1)
-
Washington
-
Golden Horn Batholith (1)
-
Okanogan County Washington (1)
-
Skamania County Washington
-
Mount Saint Helens (1)
-
-
-
Wyoming Province (2)
-
Yellowstone National Park (1)
-
-
Vulture Mountain (2)
-
White Island (1)
-
-
commodities
-
aggregate (4)
-
bitumens (7)
-
brines (1)
-
carborundum (1)
-
ceramic materials (1)
-
clay deposits (1)
-
construction materials
-
cement materials (1)
-
crushed stone (1)
-
-
diamond deposits (1)
-
energy sources (1)
-
gems (10)
-
glass materials (9)
-
metal ores
-
arsenic ores (1)
-
base metals (3)
-
cobalt ores (2)
-
copper ores (13)
-
gold ores (8)
-
iron ores (3)
-
lead ores (3)
-
lead-zinc deposits (2)
-
lithium ores (1)
-
molybdenum ores (5)
-
nickel ores (4)
-
platinum ores (2)
-
polymetallic ores (1)
-
pyrite ores (1)
-
rare earth deposits (3)
-
silver ores (2)
-
tin ores (2)
-
tungsten ores (2)
-
uranium ores (9)
-
zinc ores (3)
-
-
mineral deposits, genesis (26)
-
mineral exploration (11)
-
mineral resources (3)
-
new energy sources (1)
-
nonmetal deposits (1)
-
oil and gas fields (1)
-
petroleum
-
natural gas
-
shale gas (1)
-
-
shale oil (1)
-
-
placers
-
stream placers (1)
-
-
quartz crystal (1)
-
refractory materials (4)
-
ruby (1)
-
-
elements, isotopes
-
boron
-
B-11/B-10 (4)
-
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (19)
-
C-14 (6)
-
organic carbon (3)
-
-
chemical elements (4)
-
chemical ratios (2)
-
halogens
-
bromine
-
bromide ion (1)
-
-
chlorine
-
Cl-36 (2)
-
Cl-37/Cl-35 (2)
-
-
fluorine (5)
-
iodine (2)
-
-
hydrogen
-
D/H (10)
-
deuterium (5)
-
-
incompatible elements (2)
-
isotope ratios (80)
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
Al-26 (6)
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
-
Be-10 (9)
-
Be-7 (1)
-
C-14 (6)
-
Cl-36 (2)
-
Cs-137 (1)
-
Os-187/Os-186 (1)
-
Pu-244 (1)
-
Ra-226 (1)
-
Re-187/Os-188 (3)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
-
Sr-90 (1)
-
Tc-99 (1)
-
Th-230 (1)
-
U-235 (1)
-
U-238 (2)
-
U-238/Pb-206 (1)
-
U-238/U-235 (1)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
Ar-36 (1)
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
-
B-11/B-10 (4)
-
C-13/C-12 (19)
-
Cl-37/Cl-35 (2)
-
Cu-65 (1)
-
D/H (10)
-
deuterium (5)
-
He-3 (7)
-
He-4/He-3 (3)
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (7)
-
Kr-84 (1)
-
Li-7/Li-6 (4)
-
Mg-25/Mg-24 (1)
-
Mg-26/Mg-24 (1)
-
N-15/N-14 (6)
-
Nd-142 (1)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (3)
-
Ne-20 (1)
-
Ne-21 (3)
-
Ne-22/Ne-20 (1)
-
O-16 (1)
-
O-17/O-16 (3)
-
O-18 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (31)
-
Os-187/Os-186 (1)
-
Os-188/Os-187 (3)
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (4)
-
Pb-208/Pb-206 (1)
-
Re-187/Os-188 (3)
-
S-33/S-32 (1)
-
S-34/S-32 (10)
-
Si-29 (1)
-
Si-29/Si-28 (1)
-
Si-30/Si-28 (2)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (5)
-
U-238/Pb-206 (1)
-
Zn-66 (1)
-
-
-
Lu/Hf (5)
-
metals
-
actinides
-
plutonium
-
Pu-244 (1)
-
-
protactinium (1)
-
thorium
-
Th-230 (1)
-
-
uranium
-
U-235 (1)
-
U-238 (2)
-
U-238/Pb-206 (1)
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U-238/U-235 (1)
-
-
-
alkali metals
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cesium
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Cs-137 (1)
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-
lithium
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Li-7/Li-6 (4)
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potassium (1)
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alkaline earth metals
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barium (1)
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beryllium
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Be-10 (9)
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Be-7 (1)
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calcium (8)
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magnesium
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Mg-25/Mg-24 (1)
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Mg-26/Mg-24 (1)
-
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radium
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Ra-226 (1)
-
-
strontium
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (5)
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Sr-90 (1)
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-
-
aluminum
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Al-26 (6)
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Cu-65 (1)
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Hf-177/Hf-176 (7)
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iron
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lead
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Pb-207/Pb-206 (4)
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Pb-208/Pb-206 (1)
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U-238/Pb-206 (1)
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platinum group
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osmium
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Os-187/Os-186 (1)
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Os-188/Os-187 (3)
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Re-187/Os-188 (3)
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palladium (2)
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precious metals (1)
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neodymium
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Nd-142 (1)
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (3)
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Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
-
-
samarium
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Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
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scandium (1)
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rhenium
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Re-187/Os-188 (3)
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silver (1)
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technetium
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Tc-99 (1)
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zinc
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Zn-66 (1)
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zirconium (3)
-
-
nitrogen
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N-15/N-14 (6)
-
-
noble gases
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argon
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Ar-36 (1)
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
-
-
helium
-
He-3 (7)
-
He-4/He-3 (3)
-
-
krypton
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Kr-84 (1)
-
-
neon
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Ne-20 (1)
-
Ne-21 (3)
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Ne-22/Ne-20 (1)
-
-
radon (1)
-
xenon (5)
-
-
oxygen
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O-16 (1)
-
O-17/O-16 (3)
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O-18 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (31)
-
-
phosphorus (1)
-
silicon
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Si-29 (1)
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Si-29/Si-28 (1)
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Si-30/Si-28 (2)
-
-
sulfur
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S-33/S-32 (1)
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S-34/S-32 (10)
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trace metals (1)
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-
fossils
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bacteria (3)
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Chordata
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Vertebrata
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Tetrapoda
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Mammalia
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Theria
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Eutheria
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Primates (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Graptolithina
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Graptoloidea (1)
-
-
Hemichordata (1)
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Invertebrata
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Brachiopoda (1)
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Protista
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Foraminifera (2)
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Vermes (1)
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-
microfossils (2)
-
Plantae
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algae
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Coccolithophoraceae
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Emiliania
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Emiliania huxleyi (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Pterobranchia (1)
-
-
geochronology methods
-
(U-Th)/He (9)
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Ar/Ar (11)
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exposure age (11)
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fission-track dating (4)
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K/Ar (1)
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Lu/Hf (5)
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optical mineralogy (4)
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optically stimulated luminescence (2)
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paleomagnetism (3)
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Pb/Pb (6)
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Pb/Th (2)
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radiation damage (20)
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Rb/Sr (1)
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Re/Os (3)
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Sm/Nd (9)
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Th/U (1)
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thermochronology (9)
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thermoluminescence (3)
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U/Pb (50)
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U/Th/Pb (10)
-
-
geologic age
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene (1)
-
Pleistocene
-
Bishop Tuff (3)
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upper Pleistocene (2)
-
-
upper Quaternary (1)
-
-
Tertiary
-
Climax Porphyry (1)
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
Columbia River Basalt Group (1)
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Paintbrush Tuff (1)
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Tiva Canyon Member (1)
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Topopah Spring Member (2)
-
-
Pliocene (2)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
lower Eocene (1)
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middle Eocene (1)
-
-
lower Paleogene (1)
-
Oligocene
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Frio Formation (1)
-
-
Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene
-
K-T boundary (1)
-
-
upper Paleocene (1)
-
-
-
Zambales Ophiolite (1)
-
-
-
Laurentide ice sheet (1)
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Albian (1)
-
Mannville Group (1)
-
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
K-T boundary (1)
-
-
-
Jurassic
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Entrada Sandstone (1)
-
-
-
Navajo Sandstone (1)
-
Triassic
-
Upper Triassic (5)
-
-
-
Moldanubian (1)
-
Paleozoic
-
Cambrian
-
Lower Cambrian (3)
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Lower Carboniferous
-
Asbian (1)
-
-
Mississippian
-
Middle Mississippian
-
Visean
-
upper Visean (1)
-
-
-
-
Pennsylvanian (1)
-
Upper Carboniferous (1)
-
-
Devonian
-
Lower Devonian
-
Shap Granite (1)
-
-
Middle Devonian
-
Marcellus Shale (1)
-
-
Upper Devonian (2)
-
-
Merrimack Group (1)
-
Minnelusa Formation (1)
-
Ordovician
-
Lower Ordovician
-
Saint George Group (1)
-
-
Middle Ordovician (1)
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Hirnantian (1)
-
Wufeng Formation (1)
-
-
-
Permian
-
Hennessey Formation (1)
-
Lower Permian
-
Al Khlata Formation (1)
-
-
-
Silurian
-
Lower Silurian
-
Llandovery
-
Rhuddanian (1)
-
-
-
-
Supai Formation (1)
-
upper Paleozoic (1)
-
-
Phanerozoic (4)
-
Precambrian
-
Archean
-
Fig Tree Group (2)
-
Mesoarchean (1)
-
Neoarchean (4)
-
Paleoarchean
-
Hooggenoeg Formation (1)
-
-
Taihua Group (2)
-
Warrawoona Group (1)
-
-
Central Rand Group (1)
-
Fortescue Group (1)
-
Hadean (16)
-
Hamersley Group (2)
-
Onverwacht Group (1)
-
Pongola Supergroup (1)
-
Stillwater Complex (1)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Huronian
-
Onaping Formation (1)
-
-
Mesoproterozoic (5)
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Ediacaran (1)
-
Vendian (1)
-
-
Paleoproterozoic
-
Whitewater Group (1)
-
-
-
-
Witwatersrand Supergroup (1)
-
-
-
igneous rocks
-
igneous rocks
-
carbonatites (1)
-
granophyre (1)
-
kimberlite (3)
-
picrite (1)
-
plutonic rocks
-
anorthosite (9)
-
diabase (1)
-
diorites
-
tonalite (3)
-
trondhjemite (1)
-
-
gabbros
-
norite (3)
-
troctolite (1)
-
-
granites
-
alkali granites (2)
-
A-type granites (1)
-
leucogranite (4)
-
rapakivi (1)
-
-
granodiorites (1)
-
lamprophyres (1)
-
pegmatite (13)
-
syenites
-
nepheline syenite
-
agpaite (1)
-
-
-
ultramafics
-
chromitite (1)
-
peridotites
-
dunite (2)
-
lherzolite (1)
-
spinel lherzolite (2)
-
-
pyroxenite (1)
-
-
-
porphyry (2)
-
volcanic rocks
-
andesites (1)
-
basalts
-
mid-ocean ridge basalts (3)
-
ocean-island basalts (5)
-
shoshonite (1)
-
tholeiitic basalt (1)
-
-
dacites (1)
-
glasses
-
volcanic glass (1)
-
-
keratophyre (1)
-
komatiite (2)
-
pyroclastics
-
ignimbrite (1)
-
pumice (1)
-
tuff (4)
-
welded tuff (1)
-
-
rhyolites
-
quartz porphyry (2)
-
-
-
-
ophiolite (4)
-
volcanic ash (1)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metabentonite (1)
-
metamorphic rocks
-
amphibolites (2)
-
eclogite (2)
-
gneisses
-
augen gneiss (1)
-
paragneiss (1)
-
tonalite gneiss (1)
-
-
granulites (9)
-
impactites
-
impact breccia
-
lunar breccia (1)
-
suevite (2)
-
-
-
marbles
-
ophicalcite (1)
-
-
metaigneous rocks
-
metagabbro (1)
-
serpentinite (2)
-
-
metasedimentary rocks
-
paragneiss (1)
-
-
metasomatic rocks
-
greisen (4)
-
serpentinite (2)
-
skarn (2)
-
-
metavolcanic rocks (2)
-
migmatites (3)
-
mylonites
-
blastomylonite (1)
-
pseudotachylite (1)
-
-
quartzites (3)
-
schists
-
chlorite schist (1)
-
greenstone (2)
-
-
-
ophiolite (4)
-
turbidite (1)
-
-
meteorites
-
meteorites
-
Elephant Moraine Meteorites (1)
-
Graves Nunataks Meteorites (1)
-
iron meteorites (2)
-
micrometeorites (3)
-
Northwest Africa Meteorites (1)
-
Queen Alexandra Range Meteorites (1)
-
stony irons
-
lodranite (1)
-
mesosiderite
-
Vaca Muerta Meteorite (1)
-
-
pallasite (2)
-
-
stony meteorites
-
acapulcoite (2)
-
achondrites
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angrite (2)
-
aubrite (1)
-
diogenite (4)
-
eucrite
-
Pasamonte Meteorite (2)
-
-
howardite (2)
-
lunar meteorites (8)
-
Martian meteorites
-
SNC Meteorites
-
chassignite
-
Chassigny Meteorite (1)
-
-
shergottite
-
Shergotty Meteorite (1)
-
Zagami Meteorite (2)
-
-
-
-
ureilite (5)
-
-
chondrites
-
carbonaceous chondrites
-
CM chondrites
-
Cold Bokkeveld Meteorite (1)
-
Murchison Meteorite (2)
-
-
CR chondrites
-
Renazzo Meteorite (1)
-
-
CV chondrites
-
Allende Meteorite (2)
-
-
-
enstatite chondrites (2)
-
ordinary chondrites
-
H chondrites (1)
-
L chondrites (2)
-
LL chondrites (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
minerals
-
alloys
-
kamacite (1)
-
silicides (1)
-
taenite (1)
-
-
arsenides
-
arsenopyrite (1)
-
-
arsenites (1)
-
borates
-
borax (1)
-
kernite (1)
-
ludwigite (1)
-
vonsenite (1)
-
-
carbonates
-
calcite (11)
-
cancrinite (1)
-
dolomite (5)
-
magnesite (1)
-
nahcolite (1)
-
parisite (1)
-
phosgenite (1)
-
rhodochrosite (1)
-
siderite (2)
-
vaterite (1)
-
-
halides
-
chlorides
-
halite (1)
-
phosgenite (1)
-
-
fluorides
-
fluorite (5)
-
parisite (1)
-
topaz (3)
-
triplite (1)
-
villiaumite (1)
-
-
-
hydrates (1)
-
manganese minerals (1)
-
metabentonite (1)
-
minerals (22)
-
native elements
-
carbonado (1)
-
diamond
-
microdiamond (2)
-
-
graphite (5)
-
lonsdaleite (1)
-
-
organic minerals (1)
-
oxides
-
akaganeite (1)
-
aluminum oxides (3)
-
baddeleyite (3)
-
brucite (1)
-
cassiterite (2)
-
chrome spinel (2)
-
chromite (3)
-
corundum (4)
-
germanates (1)
-
goethite (5)
-
hematite (4)
-
hercynite (1)
-
hoegbomite (1)
-
hydroxides
-
iron hydroxides (1)
-
oxyhydroxides (1)
-
-
ilmenite (2)
-
iron oxides (5)
-
magnetite (4)
-
manganese oxides (1)
-
nigerite (1)
-
niobates
-
pyrochlore (1)
-
-
periclase (1)
-
perovskite (3)
-
rutile (2)
-
sapphire (1)
-
spinel (3)
-
spinel group (3)
-
taaffeite (2)
-
titanium oxides (3)
-
uraninite (3)
-
-
phosphates
-
amblygonite (1)
-
apatite (26)
-
chlorapatite (2)
-
fluorapatite (2)
-
francolite (1)
-
goyazite (1)
-
herderite (1)
-
merrillite (2)
-
monazite (16)
-
triplite (1)
-
whitlockite (1)
-
xenotime (4)
-
-
silicates
-
borosilicates (2)
-
chain silicates
-
amphibole group
-
clinoamphibole
-
hornblende (2)
-
kaersutite (1)
-
pargasite (1)
-
-
-
astrophyllite (1)
-
pyroxene group
-
clinopyroxene
-
diopside (2)
-
johannsenite (1)
-
omphacite (1)
-
pigeonite (1)
-
-
orthopyroxene
-
enstatite (1)
-
-
-
-
feldspathoids (1)
-
framework silicates
-
cancrinite (1)
-
danburite (1)
-
feldspar group
-
alkali feldspar
-
K-feldspar (4)
-
perthite (1)
-
-
plagioclase
-
albite (4)
-
anorthite (2)
-
-
-
leucite (1)
-
scapolite group
-
scapolite (1)
-
-
silica minerals
-
agate (1)
-
chalcedony (1)
-
coesite (2)
-
cristobalite (3)
-
quartz
-
alpha quartz (2)
-
-
stishovite (2)
-
tridymite (2)
-
-
sodalite group
-
hauyne (1)
-
nosean (1)
-
-
zeolite group
-
analcime (2)
-
chabazite (1)
-
mesolite (1)
-
natrolite (1)
-
scolecite (1)
-
-
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
chloritoid (1)
-
datolite group
-
gadolinite (1)
-
-
garnet group
-
spessartine (1)
-
-
olivine group
-
fayalite (2)
-
forsterite (2)
-
olivine (18)
-
ringwoodite (1)
-
-
sillimanite (1)
-
staurolite (1)
-
stillwellite (1)
-
titanite group
-
titanite (3)
-
-
topaz (3)
-
zircon group
-
thorite (1)
-
zircon (66)
-
-
-
sorosilicates
-
chevkinite group
-
chevkinite (1)
-
-
epidote group
-
allanite (4)
-
epidote (2)
-
-
hemimorphite (1)
-
melilite group (1)
-
vesuvianite (1)
-
-
-
ring silicates
-
aquamarine (2)
-
beryl (8)
-
cordierite (3)
-
emerald (4)
-
tourmaline group
-
dravite (1)
-
elbaite (1)
-
schorl (2)
-
-
-
sheet silicates
-
chlorite group
-
chlorite (1)
-
-
clay minerals
-
dickite (1)
-
kaolinite (2)
-
montmorillonite (4)
-
nontronite (1)
-
smectite (6)
-
-
illite (7)
-
mica group
-
biotite (8)
-
lepidolite (2)
-
muscovite (8)
-
paragonite (1)
-
phlogopite (4)
-
-
pyrophyllite (1)
-
rectorite (1)
-
sericite (1)
-
serpentine group
-
antigorite (1)
-
chrysotile (1)
-
cronstedtite (2)
-
lizardite (1)
-
serpentine (3)
-
-
talc (2)
-
-
-
sulfates
-
anhydrite (1)
-
barite (1)
-
celestine (1)
-
-
sulfides
-
arsenopyrite (1)
-
bornite (1)
-
chalcopyrite (2)
-
copper sulfides (2)
-
galena (3)
-
greigite (1)
-
iron sulfides (3)
-
mackinawite (2)
-
molybdenite (1)
-
nickel sulfides (1)
-
pentlandite (1)
-
pyrite (11)
-
pyrrhotite (4)
-
sphalerite (4)
-
troilite (2)
-
wurtzite (1)
-
-
sulfosalts
-
sulfantimonites
-
tetrahedrite (1)
-
-
sulfarsenites
-
tennantite (1)
-
-
-
tungstates
-
scheelite (1)
-
-
uranium minerals (3)
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (67)
-
academic institutions (1)
-
Africa
-
Central Africa
-
Gabon (1)
-
-
East Africa
-
Tanzania (2)
-
-
Madagascar (2)
-
North Africa
-
Atlas Mountains
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Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
High Atlas (1)
-
-
-
Egypt
-
Eastern Desert (1)
-
-
Libya (1)
-
Morocco
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
High Atlas (1)
-
-
Rif
-
Beni Bouchera (1)
-
-
-
-
Southern Africa
-
Barberton greenstone belt (8)
-
Kaapvaal Craton (10)
-
Karoo Basin (1)
-
Namibia (1)
-
Orange River (1)
-
South Africa
-
Bushveld Complex (2)
-
Free State South Africa
-
Vredefort Dome (6)
-
-
KwaZulu-Natal South Africa (2)
-
Merensky Reef (2)
-
Mpumalanga South Africa (2)
-
Transvaal region (1)
-
Witwatersrand (3)
-
-
Swaziland (2)
-
Zimbabwe
-
Great Dyke (1)
-
-
-
West Africa
-
Guinea
-
Los Islands (1)
-
-
Ivory Coast (1)
-
-
West African Craton (1)
-
Zimbabwe Craton (2)
-
-
Antarctica
-
Antarctic Peninsula (1)
-
East Antarctica (1)
-
Queen Maud Land
-
Sor-Rondane Mountains (1)
-
-
-
Arctic Ocean
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Norwegian Sea (1)
-
-
Arctic region
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Greenland
-
Akilia (1)
-
Ilimaussaq (1)
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Isua Belt (1)
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Nuuk Greenland (1)
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Skaergaard Intrusion (1)
-
South Greenland (2)
-
West Greenland (2)
-
-
-
Asia
-
Altai Mountains
-
Gorny Altai (1)
-
Mongolian Altai (1)
-
-
Altai Russian Federation
-
Gorny Altai (1)
-
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Oman (2)
-
-
Buryat Russian Federation
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Vitim Plateau (1)
-
-
Central Asia
-
Kazakhstan
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1-20 OF 614 RESULTS FOR
ion bombardment
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Journal Article
Sputter depth profiling in mineral-surface analysis Available to Purchase
Journal: American Mineralogist
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Published: 01 December 1988
American Mineralogist (1988) 73 (11-12): 1449–1456.
...Michael F. Hochella; James R. Lindsay; Victor G. Mossotti; Carrick M. Eggleston Abstract The effects of ion bombardment on homogeneous samples of quartz, albite, calcite, and anhydrite have been studied with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ( xps ) in order to better understand the usefulness...
Journal Article
XPS and LEED study of a single-crystal surface of pyrite Available to Purchase
Journal: American Mineralogist
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Published: 01 February 1996
American Mineralogist (1996) 81 (1-2): 261–264.
...S. Chaturvedi; R. Katz; J. Guevremont; M. A. A. Schoonen; D. R. Strongin Abstract This work reports X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) results for an as-grown (100) surface of pyrite (FeS 2 ) cleaned by low-energy He + ion bombardment and thermal...
Journal Article
The Nature of Deformation Lamellae in Silicates Available to Purchase
Journal: GSA Bulletin
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Published: 01 March 1972
GSA Bulletin (1972) 83 (3): 847–852.
... spaced edge dislocations. The peridotite specimen was deformed in the regime where pencil glide parallel to [100] dominates flow in olivine, and areas selected from the petrographic section were thinned to electron transparency by low-angle ion bombardment. Planar arrays of parallel edge dislocations...
Image
Scanning electron images obtained by backscattered electrons from TEM-speci... Available to Purchase
in Transmission electron microscopy of omphacite and other minerals in eclogites from the CCSD borehole, China: indications for their deformation and temperature history
> European Journal of Mineralogy
Published: 01 August 2011
Fig. 2. Scanning electron images obtained by backscattered electrons from TEM-specimens, which had been thinned by ion bombardment. The specimen grids have a diameter of 3.0 mm. The specimens stem from (a) 223 m, (b) 318 m, (c) 331 m, (d) 397 m, (e) 452 m and (f) 584 m depth of the borehole
Image
a. Photomicrograph (reflected light, oil immersion) of a Cu-bearing Pd–O ph... Available to Purchase
in HYDROGEN IN A NATURAL Pd–O COMPOUND FROM GONGO SOCO, MINAS GERAIS, BRAZIL
> The Canadian Mineralogist
Published: 01 April 2004
F ig . 1. a. Photomicrograph (reflected light, oil immersion) of a Cu-bearing Pd–O phase (Pd–O), with abundant microcracks, located between an aggregate of hematite (Hm) and a goethite-like phase (G). Originally, the Pd–O phase had a dark grey color. It acquired a whitish color after ion
Image
a. Photomicrograph (reflected light, oil immersion) of a Cu-bearing Pd–O ph... Available to Purchase
in HYDROGEN IN A NATURAL Pd–O COMPOUND FROM GONGO SOCO, MINAS GERAIS, BRAZIL
> The Canadian Mineralogist
Published: 01 April 2004
F ig . 1. a. Photomicrograph (reflected light, oil immersion) of a Cu-bearing Pd–O phase (Pd–O), with abundant microcracks, located between an aggregate of hematite (Hm) and a goethite-like phase (G). Originally, the Pd–O phase had a dark grey color. It acquired a whitish color after ion
Image
a. Photomicrograph (reflected light, oil immersion) of a Cu-bearing Pd–O ph... Available to Purchase
in HYDROGEN IN A NATURAL Pd–O COMPOUND FROM GONGO SOCO, MINAS GERAIS, BRAZIL
> The Canadian Mineralogist
Published: 01 April 2004
of the Pd–O phase arose from ion bombardment; its original color was dark grey. b. Distribution of palladium, obtained by micro-PIXE with a beam of 16 MeV Si 5+ (Q = 16.4 nC). c. Distribution of hydrogen, obtained by micro-ERDA with a beam of 16 MeV Si 5+ (Q = 4 μC).
Image
( a ) Cyclic voltammogram of chalcopyrite in solution at pH 9.2; peaks A–E ... Available to Purchase
in Minerals, metals and molecules: ore and environmental mineralogy in the new millennium
> Mineralogical Magazine
Published: 01 October 2002
after 30 s of argon ion bombardment, and the vertical scale is counts/intensity. ( c ) Fe 2p XPS data for the fresh chalcopyrite surface and after oxidation under conditions corresponding to A on the voltammogram. ( d ) Proposed reactions during the initial oxidation of chalcopyrite (conditions
Image
( a ) Cyclic voltammogram of chalcopyrite in solution at pH 9.2; peaks A–E ... Available to Purchase
in Minerals, metals and molecules: ore and environmental mineralogy in the new millennium
> Mineralogical Magazine
Published: 01 October 2002
after 30 s of argon ion bombardment, and the vertical scale is counts/intensity. ( c ) Fe 2p XPS data for the fresh chalcopyrite surface and after oxidation under conditions corresponding to A on the voltammogram. ( d ) Proposed reactions during the initial oxidation of chalcopyrite (conditions
Image
( a ) Cyclic voltammogram of chalcopyrite in solution at pH 9.2; peaks A–E ... Available to Purchase
in Minerals, metals and molecules: ore and environmental mineralogy in the new millennium
> Mineralogical Magazine
Published: 01 October 2002
after 30 s of argon ion bombardment, and the vertical scale is counts/intensity. ( c ) Fe 2p XPS data for the fresh chalcopyrite surface and after oxidation under conditions corresponding to A on the voltammogram. ( d ) Proposed reactions during the initial oxidation of chalcopyrite (conditions
Image
( a ) Cyclic voltammogram of chalcopyrite in solution at pH 9.2; peaks A–E ... Available to Purchase
in Minerals, metals and molecules: ore and environmental mineralogy in the new millennium
> Mineralogical Magazine
Published: 01 October 2002
after 30 s of argon ion bombardment, and the vertical scale is counts/intensity. ( c ) Fe 2p XPS data for the fresh chalcopyrite surface and after oxidation under conditions corresponding to A on the voltammogram. ( d ) Proposed reactions during the initial oxidation of chalcopyrite (conditions
Image
( a ) Cyclic voltammogram of chalcopyrite in solution at pH 9.2; peaks A–E ... Available to Purchase
in Minerals, metals and molecules: ore and environmental mineralogy in the new millennium
> Mineralogical Magazine
Published: 01 October 2002
after 30 s of argon ion bombardment, and the vertical scale is counts/intensity. ( c ) Fe 2p XPS data for the fresh chalcopyrite surface and after oxidation under conditions corresponding to A on the voltammogram. ( d ) Proposed reactions during the initial oxidation of chalcopyrite (conditions
Book Chapter
CHAPTER 6: IMPROVING DEPTH PROFILE MEASUREMENTS OF NATURAL MATERIALS: LESSONS LEARNED FROM ELECTRONIC MATERIALS DEPTH-PROFILING Available to Purchase
Author(s)
Jerry L. Hunter, Jr.
Book: Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry in the Earth Sciences: Gleaning the Big Picture from a Small Spot
Series: Short Courses
Publisher: Mineralogical Association of Canada
Published: 01 January 2009
DOI: 10.3749/9780921294818.ch06
EISBN: 978-0-921294-81-8
... of the sample atoms to greater depths. Figure 6-6 shows TRIM ( Ziegler et al . 2008 ) simulations for oxygen bombardment under increasing primary ion energies. These simulations show that the increasing primary ion energy causes a larger collision cascade volume that will result in lower depth resolution...
Journal Article
HYDROGEN IN A NATURAL Pd–O COMPOUND FROM GONGO SOCO, MINAS GERAIS, BRAZIL Available to Purchase
Journal: The Canadian Mineralogist
Publisher: Mineralogical Association of Canada
Published: 01 April 2004
The Canadian Mineralogist (2004) 42 (2): 689–694.
...F ig . 1. a. Photomicrograph (reflected light, oil immersion) of a Cu-bearing Pd–O phase (Pd–O), with abundant microcracks, located between an aggregate of hematite (Hm) and a goethite-like phase (G). Originally, the Pd–O phase had a dark grey color. It acquired a whitish color after ion...
Image
A cartoon of how sputtering works. The upper panel shows how atoms would mo... Available to Purchase
Published: 01 April 2019
Figure 2.3 A cartoon of how sputtering works. The upper panel shows how atoms would move upon bombardment of a primary ion (black dot), while the lower panel shows where atoms are after 10 -10 seconds of bombardment. Modified from Shimizu and Hart (1982b) , modified from Williams (1979) .
Image
Schematic illustration of the approach of secondary ionization mass spectro... Available to Purchase
Published: 01 January 2008
Figure 3. Schematic illustration of the approach of secondary ionization mass spectrometry. A primary ion beam (black circles) bombards the sample, generating secondary species from a sample’s surface (gray circles). The secondary ions are extracted into the mass spectrometer where the relative
Journal Article
Cathodoluminescence study of apatite crystals Available to Purchase
Journal: American Mineralogist
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Published: 01 April 2001
American Mineralogist (2001) 86 (4): 473–484.
... intensity after a specific period of time by electron bombardment, rather than the real intensity. Great care is thus required when comparing different spectra. Correlation between the areas beneath Gd 3+ and Dy 3+ CL bands and concentration, as determined by ion microprobe analysis, has been...
Image
Schematic diagram of a cavity ionization source designed for TIMS or quadru... Available to Purchase
in Techniques for Measuring Uranium-series Nuclides: 1992–2002
> Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry
Published: 01 January 2003
Figure 4. Schematic diagram of a cavity ionization source designed for TIMS or quadrupole mass spectrometry, after Duan et al. (1997) . a) the ion source mounted on a mass spectrometer: 1, electrodes for power supply; 2, water or air cooling tubing; 3, electron bombardment shielding can; 4
Book Chapter
CHAPTER 1: AN INTRODUCTION TO SECONDARY ION MASS SPECTROMETRY (SIMS) IN GEOLOGY Available to Purchase
Author(s)
Richard A. Stern
Book: Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry in the Earth Sciences: Gleaning the Big Picture from a Small Spot
Series: Short Courses
Publisher: Mineralogical Association of Canada
Published: 01 January 2009
DOI: 10.3749/9780921294818.ch01
EISBN: 978-0-921294-81-8
...INTRODUCTION The basis of the secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) technique is the phenomenon where bombardment of a solid by a primary ion beam generates secondary ions. The secondary ions, analyzed for their mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios in a mass spectrometer, in turn reflect some...
Journal Article
BOLEITE: RESOLUTION OF THE FORMULA, K Pb 26 Ag 9 Cu 24 Cl 62 (OH) 48 Available to Purchase
Journal: The Canadian Mineralogist
Publisher: Mineralogical Association of Canada
Published: 01 August 2000
The Canadian Mineralogist (2000) 38 (4): 801–808.
... volumineuse dans la structure. A notre avis, le bombardement par le faisceau d’électrons est probablement la cause d’une migration rapide des ions K. La spectroscopie dans l’infrarouge montre qu’il n’y a pas de molécules de H 2 O dans la structure. Les sites H ont été localisés au cours de l’affinement...
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