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intervalency charge transfer

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Journal Article

Intervalence charge transfer in aluminum oxide and aluminosilicate minerals at elevated temperatures Available to Purchase

Helen V. Evans, George R. Rossman
Published: 01 December 2024
American Mineralogist (2024) 109 (12): 2152–2161.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2024-9343
...Helen V. Evans; George R. Rossman Abstract Single-crystal optical spectra of corundum (Al 2 O 3 ) and the Al 2 SiO 5 polymorphs andalusite, kyanite, and sillimanite, containing both Fe 2+ -Fe 3+ and Fe 2+ -Ti 4+ intervalence charge transfer (IVCT) absorption bands were measured at temperatures up...
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View PDF for article title, <span class="search-highlight">Intervalence</span> <span class="search-highlight">charge</span> <span class="search-highlight">transfer</span> in aluminum oxide and aluminosilicate minerals at elevated temperatures
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Journal Article

Yellow, Mn-rich elbaite with Mn-Ti intervalence charge transfer Available to Purchase

George R. Rossman, Stephanie M. Mattson
Published: 01 April 1986
American Mineralogist (1986) 71 (3-4): 599–602.
...George R. Rossman; Stephanie M. Mattson Abstract The color of yellow-green to yellow-brown Mn-rich elbaite tourmalines from Zambia and Nepal is controlled by Fe 2+ -Ti 4+ (brown) and Mn 2+ -Ti 4+ (yellow-green) intervalence charge transfer. The proposed Mn-Ti interaction responsible...
View PDF for article title, Yellow, Mn-rich elbaite with Mn-Ti <span class="search-highlight">intervalence</span> <span class="search-highlight">charge</span> <span class="search-highlight">transfer</span>
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Journal Article

Lavender jade. The optical spectrum of Fe 3+ and Fe 2+ ⤍Fe 3+ intervalence charge transfer in jadeite from Burma Available to Purchase

George R. Rossman
Published: 01 August 1974
American Mineralogist (1974) 59 (7-8): 868–870.
...George R. Rossman Abstract The optical spectra of green, white, and lavender jadeite have been studied. Ferric iron is responsible for the color in the green jadeite. It is proposed that ferrous-ferriciron intervalence charge transfer is responsible for the lavender color of jadeite. 1...
View PDF for article title, Lavender jade. The optical spectrum of Fe 3+ and Fe 2+ ⤍Fe 3+ <span class="search-highlight">intervalence</span> <span class="search-highlight">charge</span> <span class="search-highlight">transfer</span> in jadeite from Burma
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Journal Article

Fe 2+ /Fe 3+ Intervalence Charge Transfer and Enhanced d - d Absorption in Mixed Valence Iron Minerals at Elevated Temperatures Free

Helen V. Evans, George R. Rossman
Published: 02 July 2025
American Mineralogist (2025)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2024-9724
...Helen V. Evans; George R. Rossman Abstract The absorption of light by Fe/Ti and Fe/Fe intervalence charge transfer (IVCT) bands has previously been found in aluminum oxide and Al 2 SiO 5 aluminosilicate minerals to decrease markedly at elevated temperatures. Given the abundance of iron at depth...
View PDF for article title, Fe 2+ &#x2F;Fe 3+ <span class="search-highlight">Intervalence</span> <span class="search-highlight">Charge</span> <span class="search-highlight">Transfer</span> and Enhanced d - d Absorption in Mixed Valence Iron Minerals at Elevated Temperatures
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Journal Article

Single-crystal UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy of aluminosilicate garnet: Part III. {Fe 2+ } + [Fe 3+ ] → {Fe 3+ } + [Fe 2+ ] intervalence charge transfer Available to Purchase

Charles A. Geiger, Michail N. Taran
Published: 01 June 2023
American Mineralogist (2023) 108 (6): 1171–1181.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2022-8756
...Charles A. Geiger; Michail N. Taran Abstract The various intervalence charge transfer (IVCT) mechanisms that can occur in silicate garnet, general crystal-chemical formula {X 3 }[Y 2 ](Z 3 )O 12 , are not fully understood. The single-crystal UV/Vis/NIR absorption spectra of two different almandine...
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View PDF for article title, Single-crystal UV&#x2F;Vis absorption spectroscopy of aluminosilicate garnet: Part III. {Fe 2+ } + [Fe 3+ ] → {Fe 3+ } + [Fe 2+ ] <span class="search-highlight">intervalence</span> <span class="search-highlight">charge</span> <span class="search-highlight">transfer</span>
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Fingerprint of the clay minerals. The ratio of intervalence charge transfer (IVCT) band III to band IV is plotted against the ratio of divalent and trivalent Fe in the structure. The smectites free of Fe2+ are located in point [0,0].

Fingerprint of the clay minerals. The ratio of intervalence charge transfer... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 December 2004
Figure 7. Fingerprint of the clay minerals. The ratio of intervalence charge transfer (IVCT) band III to band IV is plotted against the ratio of divalent and trivalent Fe in the structure. The smectites free of Fe 2+ are located in point [0,0].
Journal Article

Optical absorption study of natural garnets of almandine-skiagite composition showing intervalence Fe 2+ + Fe 3+ → Fe 3+ + Fe 2+ charge-transfer transition Available to Purchase

Michail N. Taran, M. Darby Dyar, Stanislav S. Matsyuk
Published: 01 May 2007
American Mineralogist (2007) 92 (5-6): 753–760.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2138/am.2007.2163
...Michail N. Taran; M. Darby Dyar; Stanislav S. Matsyuk Abstract A broad (FWHM ≈ 7300 cm −1 ) intense band at ~21 700 cm −1 in the optical absorption spectra of natural Fe 2+ , Fe 3+ -rich garnets is attributed to electronic intervalence charge-transfer transitions (IVCT), VIII Fe 2+ + VI Fe 3...
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View PDF for article title, Optical absorption study of natural garnets of almandine-skiagite composition showing <span class="search-highlight">intervalence</span> Fe 2+ + Fe 3+ → Fe 3+ + Fe 2+ <span class="search-highlight">charge</span>-<span class="search-highlight">transfer</span> transition
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Journal Article

CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY OF DARK BLUE AQUAMARINE FROM THE TRUE BLUE SHOWING, YUKON TERRITORY, CANADA Available to Purchase

Lee A. Groat, George R. Rossman, M. Darby Dyar, David Turner, Paula M.B. Piccoli, Arthur J. Schultz, Luisa Ottolini
Published: 01 June 2010
The Canadian Mineralogist (2010) 48 (3): 597–613.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3749/canmin.48.3.597
... of blue beryl is due to intervalence charge-transfer (IVCT) between Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ cations. The anisotropy of the optical absorption spectra suggest that if the mechanism responsible for the color in our samples is IVCT, the vector between the ions involved must be oriented approximately parallel to c...
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View PDF for article title, CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY OF DARK BLUE AQUAMARINE FROM THE TRUE BLUE SHOWING, YUKON TERRITORY, CANADA
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Journal Article

Optical and near infrared spectra of ringwoodite to 21.5 GPa: Implications for radiative heat transport in the mantle Available to Purchase

Hans Keppler, Joseph R. Smyth
Published: 01 July 2005
American Mineralogist (2005) 90 (7): 1209–1212.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2138/am.2005.1908
... −1 . With increasing pressure, both the crystal field and the charge transfer bands shift to higher frequencies. Whereas this is expected for the crystal field bands, this blue shift is surprising for an intervalence charge transfer band. Moreover, neither the crystal field nor the charge transfer...
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View PDF for article title, Optical and near infrared spectra of ringwoodite to 21.5 GPa: Implications for radiative heat transport in the mantle
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Journal Article

VIOLET-COLORED DIOPSIDE FROM SOUTHERN BAFFIN ISLAND, NUNAVUT, CANADA Available to Purchase

Christopher D.K. Herd, Ronald C. Peterson, George R. Rossman
Published: 01 October 2000
The Canadian Mineralogist (2000) 38 (5): 1193–1199.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2113/gscanmin.38.5.1193
... indicating 0.30 wt.% H 2 O in the structure, is (Ca 0.96 Na 0.04 )(Mg 0.86 Al 0.06 Fe 2+ 0.05 Ti 4+ 0.02 )(Si 1.89 Al 0.11 )O 5.93 OH 0.07 . The unusual color is due to intervalence charge-transfer between Fe 2+ and Ti 4+ at the M 1 site, and is observed owing to the low overall concentration of Fe...
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Journal Article

Crystal-field and charge-transfer spectra of (Mg,Fe)SiO 3 perovskite Available to Purchase

Hans Keppler, Catherine A. McCammon, David C. Rubie
Published: 01 December 1994
American Mineralogist (1994) 79 (11-12): 1215–1218.
... is centered at 7000 cm −1 , which is caused by the transition 5 E g → 5 T 2g of Fe 2+ in the dodecahedral site of the structure. (2) A broad band due to Fe 2+ → Fe 3+ intervalence charge transfer occurs at 14900 cm −1 . (3) A sharp increase in absorption above 20000 cm −1 probably results from O-Fe 3+ charge...
View PDF for article title, Crystal-field and <span class="search-highlight">charge</span>-<span class="search-highlight">transfer</span> spectra of (Mg,Fe)SiO 3 perovskite
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Journal Article

Channel constituents in cordierite Available to Purchase

D. S. Goldman, G. R. Rossman, W. A. Dollase
Published: 01 December 1977
American Mineralogist (1977) 62 (11-12): 1144–1157.
... is found to correlate to the amount of cations in the channels. Optical spectra provide a measure of the hexagonality of cordierite, but these measurements are not correlated with the distortion index, Δ. The color and pleochroism are suggested to arise from intervalence charge-transfer between octahedral...
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Journal Article

Coupled H and Nb, Cr, and V trace element behavior in synthetic rutile at 600 °C, 400 MPa and possible geological application Available to Purchase

Friedrich Lucassen, Monika Koch-Müller, Michail Taran, Gerhard Franz
Published: 01 January 2013
American Mineralogist (2013) 98 (1): 7–18.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2138/am.2013.4183
... has a broad absorption band at 6500 cm −1 wavenumber attributed to intervalence charge transfer transition Ti 3+ +Ti 4+ → Ti 4+ +Ti 3+ . The reduction of Ti 4+ to Ti 3+ is charge balanced by the incorporation of H + . The Nb-doped rutile changed its color from light greenish-blue (untreated) to deep...
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View PDF for article title, Coupled H and Nb, Cr, and V trace element behavior in synthetic rutile at 600 °C, 400 MPa and possible geological application
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Journal Article

Titanium incorporation and VI Ti 3+ - IV Ti 4+ charge transfer in synthetic diopside Available to Purchase

Henrik Skogby, Ulf Hålenius, Per Kristiansson, Haruo Ohashi
Published: 01 November 2006
American Mineralogist (2006) 91 (11-12): 1794–1801.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2138/am.2006.2154
... in the crystallographic b -direction, we assign this band to an M1 Ti 3+ - T Ti 4+ intervalence charge transfer process. * E-mail: [email protected] 01 06 2006 17 11 2005 © 2006 American Mineralogist 2006 Crystal synthesis diopside optical spectroscopy pyroxene major and minor...
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View PDF for article title, Titanium incorporation and VI Ti 3+ - IV Ti 4+ <span class="search-highlight">charge</span> <span class="search-highlight">transfer</span> in synthetic diopside
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Journal Article

Electronic structure of Fe-bearing lazulites Available to Purchase

M. Grodzicki, G.J. Redhammer, G. Amthauer, V. Schünemann, A.X. Trautwein, B. Velickov, P. Schmid-Beurmann
Published: 01 April 2003
American Mineralogist (2003) 88 (4): 481–488.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2003-0401
.... The optical spectrum of barbosalite can be resolved into three peaks at 8985 cm −1 , 10980 cm −1 , and 14110 cm −1 . These positions correlate well with the two calculated spin-allowed d-d transitions at 8824 cm −1 and 11477 cm −1 , and with an intervalence charge transfer transition at about 14200 cm −1...
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Journal Article

Temperature-dependent absorption of biotite: small-polaron hopping and other fundamental electronic excitations Available to Purchase

Claus H. Rüscher
Published: 01 September 2012
European Journal of Mineralogy (2012) 24 (5): 817–822.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1127/0935-1221/2012/0024-2200
... polarons to Fe 2+ –Fe 3+ intervalence-charge transfer and Fe 2+ d–d transitions with decreasing temperature. The loss in oscillator strength of PAH is related to a pinning of the polarons due to the decreasing number in lattice vibrations in thermal equilibrium. The absorption spectra of two natural...
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Journal Article

Blue growth zones caused by Fe 2+ in tourmaline crystals from the San Piero in Campo gem-bearing pegmatites, Elba Island, Italy Open Access

Alessandra Altieri, Federico Pezzotta, Henrik Skogby, Ulf Hålenius, Ferdinando Bosi
Published: 22 August 2022
Mineralogical Magazine (2022) 86 (6): 910–919.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1180/mgm.2022.101
...+ , and no intervalence charge transfer Fe 2+ -Ti interactions, indicating that Fe 2+ is the only chromophore. Mössbauer analysis of the blue zone of the Fucili sample confirmed the Fe 2+ oxidation state, implying that the redox conditions in the crystallisation environment were relatively reducing. The presence...
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Polygenic chamosite from a hydrothermalized oolitic ironstone (Saint-Aubin-des-Châteaux, Armorican Massif, France): crystal chemistry, visible–near-infrared spectroscopy (red variety) and geochemical significance Available to Purchase

Yves Moëlo, Emmanuel Fritsch, Eric Gloaguen, Olivier Rouer
Journal: Clay Minerals
Published: 13 May 2020
Clay Minerals (2020) 55 (1): 83–95.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1180/clm.2020.13
... . This chamosite is strongly pleochroic, from pale yellow ( E || (001)) to deep orange red ( E ⊥ (001)). Visible–near-infrared absorbance spectra show a specific absorption band centred at ~550 nm for E ⊥ (001), due to a proposed new variety of Fe/V intervalence charge-transfer mechanism in the octahedral sheet...
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View PDF for article title, Polygenic chamosite from a hydrothermalized oolitic ironstone (Saint-Aubin-des-Châteaux, Armorican Massif, France): crystal chemistry, visible–near-infrared spectroscopy (red variety) and geochemical significance
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Journal Article

FERRO-FERRI-NYBØITE, NaNa 2 (Fe 2+ 3 Fe 3+ 2 )(Si 7 Al)O 22 (OH) 2 , A NEW CLINOAMPHIBOLE FROM MONT SAINT-HILAIRE, QUÉBEC, CANADA: DESCRIPTION AND CRYSTAL STRUCTURE Available to Purchase

Aaron J. Lussier, Frank C. Hawthorne, Yassir A. Abdu, Neil A. Ball, Kimberly T. Tait, Malcolm E. Back, Anthony H. Steede, Rebecca Taylor, Andrew M. McDonald
Published: 22 June 2015
The Canadian Mineralogist (2014) 52 (6): 1019–1026.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3749/canmin.1400057
...-fluorescent with perfect {110} cleavage, no observable parting, and has a calculated density of 3.424 g/cm 3 . Crystals show extreme optical absorption due to intervalence charge transfer, which inhibited measurement of optical properties. Ferro-ferri-nybøite is monoclinic, space group C 2/ m , a 9.9190(5), b...
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Crystallographic and spectroscopic characterization of a natural Zn-rich spinel approaching the endmember gahnite (ZnAl 2 O 4 ) composition Available to Purchase

V. D'Ippolito, G. B. Andreozzi, F. Bosi, U. Hålenius, L. Mantovani, D. Bersani, R. A. Fregola
Published: 01 October 2013
Mineralogical Magazine (2013) 77 (7): 2941–2953.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2013.077.7.05
...-forbidden electronic transitions in T Fe 2+ and to M Fe 2+ ↔ M Fe 3+ intervalence charge transfer, and the poor saturation of the colour is due to the small concentration of Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ . * E-mail: [email protected] 18 4 2013 13 8 2013 © 2013 The Mineralogical...
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