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hybrid empirical method

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Journal Article
Published: 19 June 2018
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2018) 108 (4): 2278–2304.
...Shahram Pezeshk; Arash Zandieh; Kenneth W. Campbell; Behrooz Tavakoli Abstract The hybrid empirical method (HEM) of simulating ground‐motion intensity measures (GMIMs) in a target region uses stochastically simulated GMIMs in the host and target regions to develop adjustment factors...
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Journal Article
Published: 26 November 2013
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2014) 104 (1): 347–359.
...Kenneth W. Campbell Abstract Ground‐motion models ( GMM s) and ground‐motion adjustment factors developed using the hybrid empirical method ( HEM ) are used in seismic‐hazard analyses throughout the world as an alternative to GMM s developed from the more traditional empirical and simulation...
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Journal Article
Published: 01 December 2004
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2004) 94 (6): 2418.
Journal Article
Published: 01 June 2003
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2003) 93 (3): 1012–1033.
... are limited, they are often developed from seismological models using stochastic and theoretical methods. However, there is a large degree of uncertainty in calculating absolute values of ground motion from seismological models in regions where data are sparse. As an alternative, I propose a hybrid empirical...
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Schematic illustration of the hybrid‐empirical method for adjusting an empirical GMM to match conditions in the target region and at the target site. FAS, Fourier amplitude spectrum; SA, spectral acceleration. The color version of this figure is available only in the electronic edition.
Published: 25 August 2020
Figure 5. Schematic illustration of the hybridempirical method for adjusting an empirical GMM to match conditions in the target region and at the target site. FAS, Fourier amplitude spectrum; SA, spectral acceleration. The color version of this figure is available only in the electronic edition.
Journal Article
Published: 01 August 2011
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2011) 101 (4): 1859–1870.
... s). The hybrid empirical method is one such method used to develop ground-motion prediction equations in areas with sparse ground motions. This method employs the stochastic simulation method to adjust empirical GMPE s developed for a region with abundant strong-motion recordings in order...
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Journal Article
Published: 05 November 2013
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2013) 103 (6): 3115–3130.
...Javier A. Ruiz; David Baumont; Pascal Bernard; Catherine Berge‐Thierry Abstract A hybrid empirical method is proposed to simulate broadband strong ground motion that combines a kinematic complex source model with both numerical and empirical Green’s functions. The kinematic approach is based...
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Journal Article
Published: 20 July 2021
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2021) 111 (6): 3261–3277.
...Shahram Pezeshk; Arash Zandieh; Alireza Haji‐Soltani ABSTRACT In this study, the hybrid empirical method (HEM) was used to develop a new ground‐motion model (GMM) for the Gulf Coast of the United States. We used five new empirical GMMs developed by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center...
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Journal Article
Published: 01 May 2024
Earthquake Spectra (2024) 40 (2): 1452–1478.
... that yields PSA values similar to the median NGA-East GMMs. The parameters derived from this study can be used for the hybrid empirical method (HEM) applications. This study is the first to perform a formal inversion using the GMMs developed for the NGA-East project. The approach has been validated using...
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Journal Article
Published: 21 March 2024
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2024) 114 (4): 2186–2201.
... modeling on the Island of Hawaii is challenging due to different anelastic attenuation characteristics, the volcanic origin of some of the events, and event depth distribution. Only a few GMMs have been developed for the Island of Hawaii. In this study, we apply a hybrid empirical method (HEM) to develop...
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Journal Article
Published: 19 November 2013
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2014) 104 (1): 336–346.
... to the GMPE response spectra. In contrast to the commonly used hybrid empirical method ( Campbell, 2003 ), the proposed approach does not require a full seismological model for the stochastic parameters (stress drop, whole‐path attenuation, etc.) of the host and target regions and does not assume...
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Comparison of standard deviations from five ground‐motion models developed for hard‐rock site conditions in eastern North America using the hybrid empirical method (HEM) or referenced empirical approach (REA). Comparisons are made for PGA and PSA at spectral periods of 0.05, 0.2, 0.5, 1, and 3 s. Definitions are given in the caption to Figure 1. The color version of this figure is available only in the electronic edition.
Published: 26 November 2013
Figure 2. Comparison of standard deviations from five ground‐motion models developed for hard‐rock site conditions in eastern North America using the hybrid empirical method ( HEM ) or referenced empirical approach ( REA ). Comparisons are made for PGA and PSA at spectral periods of 0.05, 0.2
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Comparison of 5% damped acceleration response spectra predicted from several ENA hard-rock ground-motion relations that have been developed using the hybrid empirical method for (a) MW 5.5 and (b) MW 7.5. The comparison is for a fault rupture distance of 10 km.
Published: 01 June 2003
Figure 5. Comparison of 5% damped acceleration response spectra predicted from several ENA hard-rock ground-motion relations that have been developed using the hybrid empirical method for (a) M W 5.5 and (b) M W 7.5. The comparison is for a fault rupture distance of 10 km.
Image
Comparison of several ENA hard-rock ground-motion relations that have been developed using the hybrid empirical method for (a) peak ground acceleration and MW 5.5, (b) 5% damped spectral acceleration at 1.0-sec period and MW 5.5, (c) peak ground acceleration and MW 7.5, (d) 5% damped spectral acceleration at 1.0-sec period and MW = 7.5.
Published: 01 June 2003
Figure 4. Comparison of several ENA hard-rock ground-motion relations that have been developed using the hybrid empirical method for (a) peak ground acceleration and M W 5.5, (b) 5% damped spectral acceleration at 1.0-sec period and M W 5.5, (c) peak ground acceleration and M W 7.5, (d
Image
Comparisons of median estimates from five ground‐motion models developed for hard‐rock site conditions in eastern North America using the hybrid empirical method (HEM) or referenced empirical approach (REA). One comparison is made for PGA and five for PSA at spectral periods of 0.05, 0.2, 0.5, 1, and 3 s for moment magnitudes of 5.0 and 7.0, resulting in a lower curve for M 5.0 and an upper curve for M 7.0 for each ground‐motion model; A08′, Atkinson (2008) as revised by Atkinson and Boore (2011); C03, Campbell (2003); C07, Campbell (2007, 2008a, 2011); PZT11, Pezeshk et al. (2011); TP05, Tavakoli and Pezeshk (2005). The color version of this figure is available only in the electronic edition.
Published: 26 November 2013
Figure 1. Comparisons of median estimates from five ground‐motion models developed for hard‐rock site conditions in eastern North America using the hybrid empirical method ( HEM ) or referenced empirical approach ( REA ). One comparison is made for PGA and five for PSA at spectral periods
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Published: 01 July 2021
4. YA15 Ground-Motion Prediction Equations for Eastern North America using a Hybrid Empirical Method (S. Pezeshk, A. Zandieh, K.W. Campbell, and B. Tavakoli), Chapter 5. Two GMMs from PZCT based on different large M-scaling (simulation- and empirical-based): PZCT15_M1SS and PZCT15_M2ES
Journal Article
Published: 09 April 2025
Seismological Research Letters (2025) 96 (3): 2095.
... Empirical Method and Its Use in the Development of Ground‐Motion (Attenuation) Relations in Eastern North America,” which pioneered the concept of the “hybridempirical method” for developing ground‐motion models in regions with sparse ground‐motion recordings. The Bruce Bolt Medal is awarded jointly...
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Journal Article
Published: 15 March 2016
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2016) 106 (2): 734–754.
... in the region. In addition, a comprehensive residual analysis is performed using the recorded earthquakes available in the NGA‐East database. 20 January 2016 The hybrid empirical method ( HEM ) is a powerful technique to develop GMM s in regions with a shortage of recorded strong ground...
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Published: 16 February 2016
, National Institute of Building Sciences , Washington, D.C. Campbell K. W. ( 2003 ). Prediction of strong ground motion using the hybrid empirical method and its use in the development of ground‐motion (attenuation) relations in eastern North America , Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 93 , 1012
Journal Article
Published: 01 May 2025
Earthquake Spectra (2025) 41 (2): 1272–1313.
... ( 2003 ) Prediction of strong ground motion using the hybrid empirical method and its use in the development of ground-motion (attenuation) relations in Eastern North America . Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 93 ( 3 ): 1012 – 1033 . Campbell KW...
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