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Journal Article
Journal: Clay Minerals
Published: 16 February 2023
Clay Minerals (2023) 58 (1): 7–18.
... and employed an adsorption–reduction mechanism to remove Cr(VI). Magnetically reduced graphene oxide bentonite (MrGO-BT) is acid resistant and can undergo magnetic separation. The hydroxyl group of chitosan (CS) condensed with the functional groups on the surface of bentonite (BT), and the MrGO-BT sandwich has...
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Journal Article
Published: 01 December 2021
Clays and Clay Minerals (2021) 69 (6): 746–758.
... was to assemble 2D Mnt and graphene oxide sheets into a three-dimensional aerogel (3D Mnt-rGO Gel) to achieve easy solid–liquid separation. Structural characterization demonstrated that the Mnt-rGO Gel has a porous 3D structure with Mnt nanolayers distributed uniformly within; the introduction of 2D Mnt could...
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Journal Article
Journal: Elements
Published: 01 June 2019
Elements (2019) 15 (3): 215–216.
... of carbon mineralogy). Maybe for some, “diamonds are a girl's best friend”, but I would argue that “graphite is one of society's most useful minerals”. The focus of this article is on graphite and, more particularly, on the closely related material graphene . And graphene is important because of its...
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Journal Article
Published: 01 July 2016
American Mineralogist (2016) 101 (7): 1668–1678.
... causes the black coloring. Raman spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results indicate structural disorder and chemical impurities within bonds (e.g., sp 3 hybridized carbon and C–O bonds) in the carbonaceous material, instead of perfectly structured graphite or graphene. Isolated graphene...
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Journal Article
Published: 01 April 2015
Mineralogical Magazine (2015) 79 (2): 337–344.
... method for production of single-atom-thick graphene, can be used for production of sheet-silicate specimens that are sufficiently thin to allow high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) imaging to be achieved successfully while also being free from the specimen preparation artefacts...
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First thumbnail for: High-resolution imaging of biotite using focal ser...
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Journal Article
Journal: Interpretation
Published: 18 July 2019
Interpretation (2019) 7 (3): T687–T699.
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Scanning tunnelling microscope image of graphene showing atomic resolution of the hexagonal array of carbon atoms. FromZan et al. (2012).
Published: 01 June 2019
Figure 2. Scanning tunnelling microscope image of graphene showing atomic resolution of the hexagonal array of carbon atoms. F rom Z an et al . (2012) .
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Schematic atomic model of (A) graphite, (B) graphene, (C) the C60 molecule (which resembles the seams of a soccerball), and (D) two different types of carbon nanotubes. The two tubes in panel D differ in the orientation of the carbon hexagon with respect to the tube axis.
Published: 01 December 2014
F igure 1 Schematic atomic model of ( A ) graphite, ( B ) graphene, ( C ) the C 60 molecule (which resembles the seams of a soccerball), and ( D ) two different types of carbon nanotubes. The two tubes in panel D differ in the orientation of the carbon hexagon with respect to the tube axis.
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(A) Exfoliation of graphene using Scotch tape. (B) Optical microscope image of graphene on a 285 nm thick SiO2 substrate. Optical contrast with the pale mauve background can be used to single out the flakes containing one layer (1L) from those containing a few layers (2L, 3L, 4L). (C), (D) Atomic force microscope image of graphene. The graphene has been patterned into different configurations by using electron beam lithography and an oxygen plasma. (C) Graphene nanoribbons (light yellow) between gold electrical contacts (green and purple). (D) Graphene strip within five separate trapezoidal-shaped gold electrical contacts (Hall bar configuration).
Published: 01 December 2014
F igure 3 ( A ) Exfoliation of graphene using Scotch tape. ( B ) Optical microscope image of graphene on a 285 nm thick SiO 2 substrate. Optical contrast with the pale mauve background can be used to single out the flakes containing one layer (1L) from those containing a few layers (2L, 3L, 4L
Image
(A) A single layer of hexagonally arranged carbon atoms, each strongly bonded to three other carbon atoms to form a single sheet of graphene. (B) Folding of part of a single graphene sheet to form a ball, as in a fullerene (e.g., buckminsterfullerene, or “bucky ball”). (C) Folding of part of a single graphene sheet to form a carbon nanotube. (D) The stacking of graphene sheets as found in graphite. The bonding between these sheets is very weak, making cleavage very easy and enabling the physical separation of a single “graphene layer”. From Geim and Novoselov (2007), used with permission of SpringerNature.
Published: 01 June 2019
Figure 1. ( A ) A single layer of hexagonally arranged carbon atoms, each strongly bonded to three other carbon atoms to form a single sheet of graphene. ( B ) Folding of part of a single graphene sheet to form a ball, as in a fullerene (e.g., buckminsterfullerene, or “bucky ball”). ( C ) Folding
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Schematic diagrams of the structures (a–d) and formation mechanisms (1–3) of black talc. (1) In a shallow marine environment saturated with respect to Mg2+ and SiO2 (aq), 2:1 layers of Mg-silicates precipitate along with microorganisms and organic compounds. (2) The precipitates, which are mixtures of Mg-silicate layers and organic carbonaceous material, initially take the shape of ooids. (3) The ooids are buried and diagenesis facilitates the formation of black talc. (a and b) Monolayer and multilayers of graphene-like carbon in the interlayer positions of the talc crystal structure. (c) Multilayers of graphene-like carbon at high-angle boundaries of talc crystals. (d) Simplified structural diagram of graphene-like carbon (C = black balls) with defects and heteroatoms (O = red balls, N = blue balls, H = gray balls). (Color online.)
Published: 01 July 2016
) The precipitates, which are mixtures of Mg-silicate layers and organic carbonaceous material, initially take the shape of ooids. ( 3 ) The ooids are buried and diagenesis facilitates the formation of black talc. ( a and b ) Monolayer and multilayers of graphene-like carbon in the interlayer positions of the talc
Journal Article
Published: 01 October 2020
Clays and Clay Minerals (2020) 68 (5): 465–475.
... and may provide new functional properties. The objective of the present paper was to characterize the effects of adding nanosized graphene-like molybdenum (Mo) and tungsten (W) sulfides on the textural and surface characteristics of composites based on native saponite and saponite pre-modified...
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Journal Article
Published: 09 March 2020
Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis (2020) 20 (3): 366–380.
... window data show that using a graphene detector window in lieu of a traditional beryllium detector window improves X-ray transmission effectiveness for Na from ≈38% to ≈64% and ≈57% to ≈77% for Mg. Progressive X-ray transmission effectiveness equates to ≈63% Na and ≈76% Mg when using a helium-graphene...
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Journal Article
Published: 14 November 2018
Journal of the Geological Society (2019) 176 (2): 337–347.
... of as building blocks. Following a bottom-up approach, we show how graphene and diamond molecules are built up and how their properties vary with size, reaching an upper limit with bulk graphite and diamond. Carbon atoms with sp 2 hybridization give rise to an impressive number of different materials...
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Series: European Mineralogical Union Notes in Mineralogy
Published: 01 January 2011
DOI: 10.1180/EMU-notes.11.8
EISBN: 9780903056458
... techniques available, have generated much interest. This interest extends to the special field of nanocomposites, and of graphene, which is also an intercalated layered structure. In general, any guest material inserted...
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HRTEM images of shungite from Maxovo (a) and Nigozero (b). Crystallites with (002) graphene planes of 0.34 nm distance are indicated by dashed circles.
Published: 01 June 2016
Fig. 6 HRTEM images of shungite from Maxovo (a) and Nigozero (b). Crystallites with (002) graphene planes of 0.34 nm distance are indicated by dashed circles.
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(A) Schematic diagram of graphene's electronic bands near the Fermi level, εF. The dependence of the energy, ε, of the π and π* bands on the momentum p (which is a two-dimensional vector) has a conic shape. (B) Number of electronic states available at a certain energy, ε, for different kinds of materials. The shaded areas correspond to the occupied bands.
Published: 01 December 2014
F igure 4 ( A ) Schematic diagram of graphene's electronic bands near the Fermi level, ε F . The dependence of the energy, ε, of the π and π* bands on the momentum p (which is a two-dimensional vector) has a conic shape. ( B ) Number of electronic states available at a certain energy, ε
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HRTEM images from Novaya Zemlya island anthraxolites: samples No. 8 from Perya (a) and No. 10 from Yuzhnyi (b), showing small crystallites with (002) graphene planes of 0.34 nm distance in the non-ordered carbon structure.
Published: 01 June 2016
Fig. 7 HRTEM images from Novaya Zemlya island anthraxolites: samples No. 8 from Perya (a) and No. 10 from Yuzhnyi (b), showing small crystallites with (002) graphene planes of 0.34 nm distance in the non-ordered carbon structure.
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Schematic of the cone-helix model (modified after Double &amp; Hellawell 1974) for a cone with an apex angle α = 127° resulting from an overlap angle θ = 60° – 21.8° = 38.2°, illustrating a moiré pattern from the lattice coincidences between adjacent layers of graphene.
Published: 01 April 2007
F ig . 5. Schematic of the cone-helix model (modified after Double & Hellawell 1974 ) for a cone with an apex angle α = 127° resulting from an overlap angle θ = 60° – 21.8° = 38.2°, illustrating a moiré pattern from the lattice coincidences between adjacent layers of graphene.
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Secondary electron images of cracked apatite surfaces illustrating shape and size of graphite inclusions in fluorapatite host. (a–b) Variably sized graphite inclusions (filaments), randomly orientated. (c) Graphite inclusions showing the typical cavity around them. (d) Detail of graphite inclusion composed by graphene stack.
Published: 01 April 2017
of graphite inclusion composed by graphene stack.