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Journal Article

THE FURCULA IN SUCHOMIMUS TENERENSIS AND TYRANNOSAURUS REX (DINOSAURIA: THEROPODA: TETANURAE)

CHRISTINE LIPKIN, PAUL C. SERENO, JOHN R. HORNER
Published: 01 November 2007
Journal of Paleontology (2007) 81 (6): 1523–1527.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1666/06-024.1
...). A furcula was recovered in a partially articulated skeleton (MNN GAD513) of the spinosaurid Suchomimus tenerensis ( Sereno et al., 1998 ). The presacral vertebral column was preserved in articulation, whereas the furcula, ribs, gastralia, girdles, and limbs were disarticulated but in close association...
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Journal Article

The importance of Diamantornis eggshell (Aves: Struthionidae) in the age and correlation of the Prospect Hill Formation, South Africa

T.A. Stidham
Published: 01 December 2008
South African Journal of Geology (2008) 111 (4): 459–461.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2113/gssajg.111.4.459
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CT renderings of the coracoid and furcula of the holotype (MHGU-3000) of Musivavis amabilis n. gen. n. sp. (1) Left coracoid in dorsomedial view; (2) left coracoid in ventromedial view; (3) right coracoid in lateromedial view; (4) right coracoid in ventromedial view; (5) furcula in dorsal view; (6) furcula in ventral view.

CT renderings of the coracoid and furcula of the holotype (MHGU-3000) of M...

Published: 01 July 2022
Figure 7. CT renderings of the coracoid and furcula of the holotype (MHGU-3000) of Musivavis amabilis n. gen. n. sp. ( 1 ) Left coracoid in dorsomedial view; ( 2 ) left coracoid in ventromedial view; ( 3 ) right coracoid in lateromedial view; ( 4 ) right coracoid in ventromedial view; ( 5
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Sapeornis chaoyangensis. Left scapula and coracoid of IVPP V12698 in lateral view (a, d), pectoral girdle and furcula of IVPP 13275 in dorsal view (b, e), and furcula and right coracoid of IVPP V13276 in cranial view (c, f). ac, acrocoracoid of the coracoid; co, coracoid; fu, furcula; hp, hypocleidum; hu, humerus; sc, scapula.

Sapeornis chaoyangensis . Left scapula and coracoid of IVPP V12698 in later...

Published: 27 May 2003
Fig. 6. Sapeornis chaoyangensis . Left scapula and coracoid of IVPP V12698 in lateral view ( a, d ), pectoral girdle and furcula of IVPP 13275 in dorsal view ( b, e ), and furcula and right coracoid of IVPP V13276 in cranial view (c, f). ac, acrocoracoid of the coracoid; co, coracoid; fu
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Table 1 —Measurements (mm) of the furcula in Suchomimus tenerensis (MNN ...

Published: 01 November 2007
Table 1 —Measurements (mm) of the furcula in Suchomimus tenerensis (MNN GAD513) and furculae from Tyrannosaurus rex (UCRC V1, MOR 980, and MOR 1125). The length of the clavicular process was taken from the more complete right side of each specimen. Parentheses indicate ap proximation
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 Figure3—Photograph (1) and matching line drawing (2) of the furcula and pectoral girdle of Tyrannosaurus rex (UCRC V1) in anterior view. Cross-hatching indicates broken bone. Dashed lines indicate missing or hidden bone. Abbreviations: ac, acromion; co, coracoid; f, furcula; hu, humerus; sc, scapula. Scale bar equals 5 cm

Figure 3 —Photograph ( 1 ) and matching line drawing ( 2 ) of the furcula ...

Published: 01 November 2007
Figure 3 —Photograph ( 1 ) and matching line drawing ( 2 ) of the furcula and pectoral girdle of Tyrannosaurus rex (UCRC V1) in anterior view. Cross-hatching indicates broken bone. Dashed lines indicate missing or hidden bone. Abbreviations: ac, acromion; co, coracoid; f, furcula; hu, humerus
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 Figure1—Stereopairs and line drawings of the furcula in Suchomimus tenerensis (MNN GAD513). 1, anterior view and cross-sectional views; 2, posterior view. Cross-hatching indicates broken bone or a cross-sectional surface. Dashed lines indicate missing portions. Abbreviations: cb, central body; ep, epicleideum; hc, hypocleideum; la, ligament attachment scars. Scale bar equals 10 cm in Stereopairs; 5 cm in line drawings

Figure 1 —Stereopairs and line drawings of the furcula in Suchomimus tene...

Published: 01 November 2007
Figure 1 —Stereopairs and line drawings of the furcula in Suchomimus tenerensis (MNN GAD513). 1 , anterior view and cross-sectional views; 2, posterior view. Cross-hatching indicates broken bone or a cross-sectional surface. Dashed lines indicate missing portions. Abbreviations: cb, central
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 Figure2—Photographs and line drawings of the furcula in Suchomimus tenerensis (MNN GAD513). 1, hypocleideum in anterior view; 2, epicleideal process in posterior view. Dashed lines indicate missing bone. Abbreviations: ep, epicleideum; hc, hypocleideum; la, ligament attachment scars. Scale bar equals 5 cm

Figure 2 —Photographs and line drawings of the furcula in Suchomimus tene...

Published: 01 November 2007
Figure 2 —Photographs and line drawings of the furcula in Suchomimus tenerensis (MNN GAD513). 1 , hypocleideum in anterior view; 2 , epicleideal process in posterior view. Dashed lines indicate missing bone. Abbreviations: ep, epicleideum; hc, hypocleideum; la, ligament attachment scars. Scale
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 Figure5—Line drawing of the mounted furcula of Tyrannosaurus rex (FMNH PR 2081) in anterior view. Dashed lines indicate missing portions. Scale bar equals 5 cm

Figure 5 —Line drawing of the mounted furcula of Tyrannosaurus rex (FMNH...

Published: 01 November 2007
Figure 5 —Line drawing of the mounted furcula of Tyrannosaurus rex (FMNH PR 2081) in anterior view. Dashed lines indicate missing portions. Scale bar equals 5 cm
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Pectoral girdle and sternum of the holotype of Musivavis amabilis n. gen. n. sp. (MHGU-3000). (1) photograph; (2) close-up of the furcula and coracoid; (3) close-up of the cranial margin of the sternum; (4) close-up of the xiphoid process of the sternum. Abbreviations: ac, acromial process of the scapula; ap, acrocoracoid process of the coracoid; clp, craniolateral process of the sternum; dr, dorsal ribs; fu, furcula; gf, glenoid facet of the scapula; imt, intermediate trabecula; lc, left coracoid; ls, left scapula; lt, lateral trabecula of the sternum; no, notch of the sternum; rc, right coracoid; rs, right scapula; sf, scapular facet; sp, supracoracoidal nerve foramen; st, sternum; str, sternal ribs; su, sulci of the furcular rami; thr, thoracic ribs; xp, xiphoid process of the sternum.

Pectoral girdle and sternum of the holotype of Musivavis amabilis n. gen....

Published: 01 July 2022
Figure 6. Pectoral girdle and sternum of the holotype of Musivavis amabilis n. gen. n. sp. (MHGU-3000). ( 1 ) photograph; ( 2 ) close-up of the furcula and coracoid; ( 3 ) close-up of the cranial margin of the sternum; ( 4 ) close-up of the xiphoid process of the sternum. Abbreviations: ac
Journal Article

Anatomy of the primitive bird Sapeornis chaoyangensis from the Early Cretaceous of Liaoning, China

Zhonghe Zhou, Fucheng Zhang
Published: 27 May 2003
Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (2003) 40 (5): 731–747.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/e03-011
...Fig. 6. Sapeornis chaoyangensis . Left scapula and coracoid of IVPP V12698 in lateral view ( a, d ), pectoral girdle and furcula of IVPP 13275 in dorsal view ( b, e ), and furcula and right coracoid of IVPP V13276 in cranial view (c, f). ac, acrocoracoid of the coracoid; co, coracoid; fu...
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Journal Article

A new bohaiornithid-like bird from the Lower Cretaceous of China fills a gap in enantiornithine disparity

Xuri Wang, Andrea Cau, Xiaoling Luo, Martin Kundrát, Wensheng Wu, Shubin Ju, Zhen Guo, Yichuan Liu, Qiang Ji
Published: 01 July 2022
Journal of Paleontology (2022) 96 (4): 961–976.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2022.12
...Figure 7. CT renderings of the coracoid and furcula of the holotype (MHGU-3000) of Musivavis amabilis n. gen. n. sp. ( 1 ) Left coracoid in dorsomedial view; ( 2 ) left coracoid in ventromedial view; ( 3 ) right coracoid in lateromedial view; ( 4 ) right coracoid in ventromedial view; ( 5...
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Postcranial elements of the Centuriavis lioae n. gen. n. sp. holotype (AMNH FARB 8629): (1) omal fragment of furcula, right coracoid in (2) ventral and (3) dorsal views, right humerus in (4) cranial and (5) caudal views, right ulna in (6) dorsal (due to crushing, the distal end is partly rotated) and (7) ventral views, right radius in (8) dorsal and (9) ventral views, right radiale in (10) cranial and (11) caudal views, and (12) sesamoid. Abbreviations: cd = crista deltopectoralis; d = damaged area; ev = epicondylaris ventralis; f = foramen; fas = faces articularis scapularis; fl = processus flexorius; fos = fossa in impressio m. sternocoracoidei; fr = facet for radius; ftd = fossa tricipitalis dorsalis; kn = knob at angulis medialis; lip = lip bounding facies articularis sternalis; om = omal end of furcula; psd = processus supracondylaris dorsalis; r = ridge formed by distal projection of caput humeri; sc = scar for insertion of m. supracoracoideus; uv = notch for tendon of musculus ulnometacarpalis ventralis.

Postcranial elements of the Centuriavis lioae n. gen. n. sp. holotype (AM...

Published: 01 January 2023
Figure 3. Postcranial elements of the Centuriavis lioae n. gen. n. sp. holotype (AMNH FARB 8629): ( 1 ) omal fragment of furcula, right coracoid in ( 2 ) ventral and ( 3 ) dorsal views, right humerus in ( 4 ) cranial and ( 5 ) caudal views, right ulna in ( 6 ) dorsal (due to crushing
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Figure 1

Measurements of wing elements used in this study (defined in Table 1 ). A,...

Published: 06 December 2016
the furcula and feathered wing measurements.
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Sternum and thoracic girdle elements of Vescornis hebeiensis in ventral view. ca, carina; co, coracoid; fu, furcula; ga, gastralia; hu, humerus; lp, lateral process; ri, rib; sc, scapula; st, sternum; tv, thoracic vertebra.

Sternum and thoracic girdle elements of Vescornis hebeiensis in ventral v...

Published: 20 September 2004
Fig. 5. Sternum and thoracic girdle elements of Vescornis hebeiensis in ventral view. ca, carina; co, coracoid; fu, furcula; ga, gastralia; hu, humerus; lp, lateral process; ri, rib; sc, scapula; st, sternum; tv, thoracic vertebra.
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Figure 2. Photo and line drawing of the holotype specimen (FMNH PA 754) of Cyrilavis colburnorum. Abbreviations: al = alular claw, at = atlas, cr = crista medianoplantaris, cv = cervical vertebrae, fe = femur, fu = furcula, la = lacrimal, py = pygostyle, ri = tracheal rings, st = carina of sternum, tr = trabeculae.

F igure 2. Photo and line drawing of the holotype specimen (FMNH PA 754) o...

Published: 01 September 2011
F igure 2. Photo and line drawing of the holotype specimen (FMNH PA 754) of Cyrilavis colburnorum . Abbreviations: al = alular claw, at = atlas, cr = crista medianoplantaris, cv = cervical vertebrae, fe = femur, fu = furcula, la = lacrimal, py = pygostyle, ri = tracheal rings, st = carina
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 Figure4—Line drawing of the morphologic variation in the five Tyrannosaurus rex furculae. 1, UCRC V1; 2, MOR 980; 3, FMNH PR 2081; 4, CMI 2001.90.1; 5, MOR 1125. Cross-hatching indicates broken bone. Dashed lines indicate missing bone. Abbreviation: p, pit. Scale bar equals 5 cm

Figure 4 —Line drawing of the morphologic variation in the five Tyrannosa...

Published: 01 November 2007
Figure 4 —Line drawing of the morphologic variation in the five Tyrannosaurus rex furculae. 1 , UCRC V1; 2 , MOR 980; 3 , FMNH PR 2081; 4 , CMI 2001.90.1; 5 , MOR 1125. Cross-hatching indicates broken bone. Dashed lines indicate missing bone. Abbreviation: p, pit. Scale bar equals 5 cm
Journal Article

Osteology and neuroanatomy of a phasianid (Aves: Galliformes) from the Miocene of Nebraska

Daniel T. Ksepka, Catherine M. Early, Kate Dzikiewicz, Amy M. Balanoff
Published: 01 January 2023
Journal of Paleontology (2023) 97 (1): 223–242.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2022.80
...Figure 3. Postcranial elements of the Centuriavis lioae n. gen. n. sp. holotype (AMNH FARB 8629): ( 1 ) omal fragment of furcula, right coracoid in ( 2 ) ventral and ( 3 ) dorsal views, right humerus in ( 4 ) cranial and ( 5 ) caudal views, right ulna in ( 6 ) dorsal (due to crushing...
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Pectoral girdle of the referred Bohaiornis guoi specimen (IVPP V17963). 1, photograph; 2, line drawing. Anatomical abbreviations: acr=acromion; ci=capital incisure; co=coracoid; ce=cervical vertebra; cp=costal process; dc=deltopectoral crest; fu=furcula; g=gastroliths; ga=gastralia; hc=hypocleidium; hh=humeral head; lt=lateral trabecula; mt=medial trabecula; ri=rib; st=sternum; vt=ventral tubercle.

Pectoral girdle of the referred Bohaiornis guoi specimen (IVPP V17963). ...

Published: 01 January 2014
Figure 4 Pectoral girdle of the referred Bohaiornis guoi specimen (IVPP V17963). 1 , photograph; 2 , line drawing. Anatomical abbreviations: acr=acromion; ci=capital incisure; co=coracoid; ce=cervical vertebra; cp=costal process; dc=deltopectoral crest; fu=furcula; g=gastroliths; ga
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Line drawing of the holotype of Eoenantiornis buhleri, IVPP V11537: cav, caudal vertebra; cmc, carpometacarpus; co, coracoid; cv, cervical vertebra; fe, femur; fu, furcula; ga, gastralia; hu, humerus; il, ilium; is, ischium; pu, pubis; py, pygostyle; r, radius; ri, rib; sc; scapula; sk, skull; st, sternum; sy, synsacrum; ti, tibiotarsus; tmt, tarsometatarsus; u, ulna; ul, ulnare; up, uncinate process.

Line drawing of the holotype of Eoenantiornis buhleri , IVPP V11537: cav, ...

Published: 06 October 2005
Fig. 2. Line drawing of the holotype of Eoenantiornis buhleri , IVPP V11537: cav, caudal vertebra; cmc, carpometacarpus; co, coracoid; cv, cervical vertebra; fe, femur; fu, furcula; ga, gastralia; hu, humerus; il, ilium; is, ischium; pu, pubis; py, pygostyle; r, radius; ri, rib; sc; scapula; sk