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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
-
Cape Verde Islands (2)
-
East Africa
-
Kenya
-
Kenya Rift valley (1)
-
-
Tanzania
-
Oldoinyo Lengai (1)
-
-
-
Southern Africa
-
Namibia (1)
-
South Africa
-
Western Cape Province South Africa (1)
-
-
-
-
Antarctica
-
Ellsworth Land (1)
-
Marie Byrd Land (1)
-
Queen Maud Land (1)
-
Victoria Land
-
Mount Melbourne (1)
-
-
West Antarctica (1)
-
-
Arctic region
-
Russian Arctic (2)
-
-
Asia
-
Altai Mountains
-
Kuznetsk Alatau (2)
-
-
Altai-Sayan region (1)
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Oman (1)
-
-
Baikal rift zone (1)
-
Far East
-
China
-
Fujian China (1)
-
Kunlun Mountains (1)
-
Liaohe Basin (1)
-
Ordos Basin (1)
-
Xinjiang China
-
Junggar Basin (1)
-
-
Xizang China (2)
-
-
Indonesia
-
Sunda Arc (1)
-
-
Mongolia (1)
-
-
Indian Peninsula
-
Afghanistan
-
Badakhshan Afghanistan (1)
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India
-
Andhra Pradesh India
-
Cuddapah Basin (1)
-
Nellore mica belt (1)
-
-
Dharwar Craton (1)
-
Ghats
-
Eastern Ghats (1)
-
-
Shillong Plateau (1)
-
-
-
Irkutsk Russian Federation (2)
-
Kamchatka Russian Federation
-
Kamchatka Peninsula (1)
-
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Kemerovo Russian Federation (1)
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Khabarovsk Russian Federation (1)
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Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation (2)
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Maymecha-Kotuy (2)
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Middle East
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Turkey
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Anatolia (1)
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Primorye Russian Federation (1)
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Russian Pacific region (1)
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Siberia (4)
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Siberian Platform
-
Aldan Shield (1)
-
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Sikhote-Alin Range (1)
-
Tibetan Plateau (2)
-
Tien Shan (1)
-
West Siberia
-
Kuznetsk Alatau (2)
-
Minusinsk Basin (1)
-
-
Yakutia Russian Federation (2)
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
North Atlantic
-
North Sea (1)
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean Islands
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Canary Islands
-
Grand Canary (1)
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Tenerife (2)
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Cape Verde Islands (2)
-
-
Australasia
-
New Zealand
-
Auckland New Zealand (1)
-
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Papua New Guinea
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Lihir Island (1)
-
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Avalon Zone (1)
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Caledonides (2)
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Canada
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Eastern Canada
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Maritime Provinces
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Nova Scotia
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Cape Breton Island (1)
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Western Canada
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Canadian Cordillera (1)
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Yukon Territory (1)
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Central America
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Costa Rica
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Nicoya Peninsula (1)
-
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Commonwealth of Independent States
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Russian Federation
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Baikal rift zone (1)
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Irkutsk Russian Federation (2)
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Kamchatka Russian Federation
-
Kamchatka Peninsula (1)
-
-
Kemerovo Russian Federation (1)
-
Khabarovsk Russian Federation (1)
-
Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation (2)
-
Kuznetsk Alatau (2)
-
Maymecha-Kotuy (2)
-
Minusinsk Basin (1)
-
Murmansk Russian Federation
-
Khibiny Mountains (2)
-
Kola Peninsula (3)
-
Lovozero Massif (1)
-
-
Primorye Russian Federation (1)
-
Russian Arctic (2)
-
Russian Pacific region (1)
-
Siberian Platform
-
Aldan Shield (1)
-
-
Sikhote-Alin Range (1)
-
Yakutia Russian Federation (2)
-
-
West Siberia
-
Kuznetsk Alatau (2)
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Minusinsk Basin (1)
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East Pacific Ocean Islands
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Hawaii
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Kauai County Hawaii (1)
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Europe
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Alps
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Eastern Alps
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Dolomites (1)
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Julian Alps (1)
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Central Europe
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Germany
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Eifel (2)
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Murmansk Russian Federation
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Khibiny Mountains (2)
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Kola Peninsula (3)
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Lovozero Massif (1)
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Rhenish Schiefergebirge
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Eifel (2)
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Southern Europe
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Greece
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Greek Aegean Islands (1)
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Iberian Peninsula
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Spain (1)
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Italy
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Apennines
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Central Apennines (2)
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Monte Amiata (1)
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Apulia Italy (2)
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Basilicata Italy
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Potenza Italy (2)
-
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Calabria Italy (1)
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Campania Italy
-
Monte Somma (3)
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Roccamonfina (1)
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Salerno Italy (1)
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Vesuvius (4)
-
-
Latium Italy
-
Alban Hills (6)
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Rome Italy (2)
-
Tolfa Hills (1)
-
-
Liguria Italy (1)
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Lucania (1)
-
Sicily Italy
-
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Lipari Islands
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Umbria Italy (3)
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Western Europe
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Fogo (2)
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Indian Ocean Islands
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Mediterranean region
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Mediterranean Sea
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Mexico
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Mexico state
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-
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Michoacan-Guanajuato volcanic field (1)
-
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-
Popocatepetl (1)
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Trans-Mexican volcanic belt (1)
-
-
Midland Valley (1)
-
Mount Erebus (1)
-
North America
-
Canadian Shield
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Superior Province
-
Abitibi Belt (1)
-
-
-
North American Cordillera
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Canadian Cordillera (1)
-
-
-
North Island (1)
-
Oceania
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Polynesia
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French Polynesia
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Austral Islands (1)
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Hawaii
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South America
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Argentina (1)
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Brazil
-
Santa Catarina Brazil (1)
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Sao Paulo Brazil (1)
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Serra do Mar (2)
-
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Parana Basin (1)
-
-
United States
-
Alaska
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Aleutian Islands (1)
-
-
Hawaii
-
Kauai County Hawaii (1)
-
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Montana (1)
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New Jersey
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New Jersey Highlands (1)
-
Passaic County New Jersey (1)
-
-
New York
-
Orange County New York (1)
-
-
Western U.S. (1)
-
-
Vulture Mountain (10)
-
-
commodities
-
coal deposits (1)
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diamond deposits (1)
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glass materials (2)
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metal ores
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copper ores (1)
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gold ores (3)
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iron ores (1)
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molybdenum ores (1)
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niobium ores (1)
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mineral deposits, genesis (5)
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oil and gas fields (1)
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placers (1)
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elements, isotopes
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carbon
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C-13/C-12 (4)
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C-14 (1)
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chemical ratios (2)
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halogens
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chlorine (3)
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fluorine (3)
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incompatible elements (3)
-
isotope ratios (21)
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
C-14 (1)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (5)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (3)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (3)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
C-13/C-12 (4)
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (2)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (12)
-
O-18/O-16 (4)
-
Os-188/Os-187 (1)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (5)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (3)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (3)
-
S-34/S-32 (1)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (12)
-
-
-
metals
-
alkali metals
-
potassium (2)
-
sodium (1)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
calcium (1)
-
magnesium (2)
-
strontium
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (12)
-
-
-
aluminum (1)
-
chromium (1)
-
copper (1)
-
hafnium
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (2)
-
-
iron
-
ferric iron (1)
-
ferrous iron (1)
-
-
lead
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (5)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (3)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (3)
-
-
platinum group
-
osmium
-
Os-188/Os-187 (1)
-
-
-
rare earths
-
cerium (1)
-
lanthanum (1)
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (12)
-
-
scandium (1)
-
yttrium (2)
-
-
titanium (1)
-
-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (4)
-
-
phosphorus (1)
-
selenium (1)
-
silicon (1)
-
sulfur
-
S-34/S-32 (1)
-
-
-
fossils
-
Invertebrata
-
Protista
-
Radiolaria (1)
-
-
-
microfossils (2)
-
palynomorphs
-
miospores
-
pollen (1)
-
-
-
-
geochronology methods
-
Ar/Ar (6)
-
K/Ar (2)
-
Rb/Sr (3)
-
Sm/Nd (1)
-
tephrochronology (2)
-
Th/U (1)
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U/Pb (7)
-
uranium disequilibrium (1)
-
-
geologic age
-
Anthropocene (1)
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Cenozoic
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Bronze Age (1)
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Quaternary
-
Holocene
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upper Holocene (1)
-
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Pleistocene
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middle Pleistocene (1)
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upper Pleistocene (2)
-
-
upper Quaternary (2)
-
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Tertiary
-
Neogene
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Miocene (1)
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Pliocene (1)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene (1)
-
Oligocene
-
upper Oligocene (2)
-
-
-
-
upper Cenozoic (1)
-
-
Dalradian (1)
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous (2)
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Upper Cretaceous (1)
-
-
Jurassic
-
Lower Jurassic (2)
-
Middle Jurassic (1)
-
-
Triassic
-
Middle Triassic
-
Ladinian (1)
-
-
Upper Triassic
-
Carnian (1)
-
-
-
-
Paleozoic
-
Cambrian
-
Middle Cambrian (1)
-
Upper Cambrian (1)
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Mississippian
-
Lower Mississippian
-
Tournaisian (1)
-
-
-
Upper Carboniferous
-
Westphalian (1)
-
-
-
Devonian
-
Lower Devonian (2)
-
-
lower Paleozoic (1)
-
Ordovician
-
Middle Ordovician (1)
-
-
Permian (1)
-
Silurian
-
Upper Silurian (1)
-
-
-
Precambrian
-
Archean
-
Neoarchean (2)
-
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Paleoproterozoic (1)
-
-
-
-
-
igneous rocks
-
extrusive rocks (2)
-
igneous rocks
-
carbonatites
-
sovite (1)
-
-
feldspathoid rocks (2)
-
kamafugite (4)
-
picrite (2)
-
plutonic rocks
-
anorthosite (1)
-
gabbros
-
alkali gabbros (3)
-
-
granites
-
A-type granites (1)
-
-
ijolite (4)
-
lamproite (1)
-
lamprophyres
-
camptonite (2)
-
minette (1)
-
monchiquite (2)
-
-
pegmatite (1)
-
sovite (1)
-
syenites
-
albitite (1)
-
alkali syenites (1)
-
nepheline syenite
-
foyaite (1)
-
-
quartz syenite (1)
-
shonkinite (1)
-
-
ultramafics
-
hornblendite (1)
-
peridotites
-
dunite (1)
-
harzburgite (2)
-
lherzolite (1)
-
-
pyroxenite
-
websterite (1)
-
-
-
-
porphyry (1)
-
volcanic rocks
-
adakites (2)
-
andesites (3)
-
basalts
-
alkali basalts (3)
-
mid-ocean ridge basalts (2)
-
ocean-island basalts (3)
-
shoshonite (6)
-
-
basanite (2)
-
dacites (1)
-
glasses (1)
-
latite (1)
-
leucitite (1)
-
limburgite (1)
-
meimechite (2)
-
melilitite (3)
-
nephelinite (3)
-
phonolites (9)
-
pyroclastics
-
ignimbrite (4)
-
tuff (4)
-
-
rhyolites (2)
-
tephrite (5)
-
trachyandesites (1)
-
trachytes (2)
-
-
-
ophiolite (2)
-
volcanic ash (1)
-
wehrlite (1)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metamorphic rocks
-
amphibolites (1)
-
gneisses (1)
-
metaigneous rocks
-
metagabbro (1)
-
metarhyolite (1)
-
-
metasomatic rocks
-
skarn (1)
-
-
-
ophiolite (2)
-
-
minerals
-
carbonates
-
calcite (3)
-
-
halides
-
chlorides (1)
-
-
minerals (1)
-
oxides
-
boehmite (1)
-
corundum (1)
-
gibbsite (1)
-
iron oxides (1)
-
magnetite (3)
-
niobates
-
pyrochlore (1)
-
-
nordstrandite (1)
-
perovskite (1)
-
pyrophanite (1)
-
sapphire (1)
-
spinel (2)
-
titanium oxides (1)
-
titanomagnetite (1)
-
zirconolite (1)
-
-
phosphates
-
apatite (8)
-
britholite (1)
-
fluorapatite (4)
-
rhabdophane (1)
-
-
silicates
-
chain silicates
-
amphibole group
-
clinoamphibole
-
hastingsite (2)
-
kaersutite (1)
-
-
-
pyroxene group
-
alkalic pyroxene (1)
-
clinopyroxene
-
aegirine (1)
-
augite (1)
-
diopside (1)
-
-
-
wollastonite group
-
wollastonite (1)
-
-
-
feldspathoids (3)
-
framework silicates
-
feldspar group
-
alkali feldspar
-
K-feldspar (2)
-
sanidine (1)
-
-
plagioclase (2)
-
-
leucite (4)
-
nepheline group
-
kalsilite (1)
-
nepheline (5)
-
-
pseudoleucite (1)
-
sodalite group
-
hauyne (4)
-
lazurite (1)
-
nosean (1)
-
-
zeolite group
-
analcime (1)
-
phillipsite (1)
-
-
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
britholite group
-
britholite (1)
-
-
olivine group
-
olivine (2)
-
-
titanite group
-
titanite (2)
-
-
zircon group
-
thorite (1)
-
zircon (6)
-
-
-
sorosilicates
-
chevkinite group (1)
-
epidote group
-
allanite (1)
-
-
melilite group
-
melilite (2)
-
-
thortveitite group
-
yttrialite (1)
-
-
-
-
ring silicates
-
tourmaline group
-
dravite (1)
-
uvite (1)
-
-
-
sheet silicates
-
chlorite group
-
chlorite (1)
-
-
clay minerals
-
kaolinite (1)
-
smectite (1)
-
-
illite (1)
-
mica group
-
biotite (3)
-
fluor-phlogopite (1)
-
glauconite (1)
-
phlogopite (11)
-
-
serpentine group
-
berthierine (1)
-
-
-
-
sulfates
-
celestine (1)
-
lazurite (1)
-
-
sulfides
-
lazurite (1)
-
pyrite (2)
-
-
wehrlite (1)
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (16)
-
Africa
-
Cape Verde Islands (2)
-
East Africa
-
Kenya
-
Kenya Rift valley (1)
-
-
Tanzania
-
Oldoinyo Lengai (1)
-
-
-
Southern Africa
-
Namibia (1)
-
South Africa
-
Western Cape Province South Africa (1)
-
-
-
-
Antarctica
-
Ellsworth Land (1)
-
Marie Byrd Land (1)
-
Queen Maud Land (1)
-
Victoria Land
-
Mount Melbourne (1)
-
-
West Antarctica (1)
-
-
Arctic region
-
Russian Arctic (2)
-
-
Asia
-
Altai Mountains
-
Kuznetsk Alatau (2)
-
-
Altai-Sayan region (1)
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Oman (1)
-
-
Baikal rift zone (1)
-
Far East
-
China
-
Fujian China (1)
-
Kunlun Mountains (1)
-
Liaohe Basin (1)
-
Ordos Basin (1)
-
Xinjiang China
-
Junggar Basin (1)
-
-
Xizang China (2)
-
-
Indonesia
-
Sunda Arc (1)
-
-
Mongolia (1)
-
-
Indian Peninsula
-
Afghanistan
-
Badakhshan Afghanistan (1)
-
-
India
-
Andhra Pradesh India
-
Cuddapah Basin (1)
-
Nellore mica belt (1)
-
-
Dharwar Craton (1)
-
Ghats
-
Eastern Ghats (1)
-
-
Shillong Plateau (1)
-
-
-
Irkutsk Russian Federation (2)
-
Kamchatka Russian Federation
-
Kamchatka Peninsula (1)
-
-
Kemerovo Russian Federation (1)
-
Khabarovsk Russian Federation (1)
-
Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation (2)
-
Maymecha-Kotuy (2)
-
Middle East
-
Turkey
-
Anatolia (1)
-
-
-
Primorye Russian Federation (1)
-
Russian Pacific region (1)
-
Siberia (4)
-
Siberian Platform
-
Aldan Shield (1)
-
-
Sikhote-Alin Range (1)
-
Tibetan Plateau (2)
-
Tien Shan (1)
-
West Siberia
-
Kuznetsk Alatau (2)
-
Minusinsk Basin (1)
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foidite
Petrology of foiditic and meymechitic volcanism in the Maimecha–Kotui province (Polar Siberia)
Alkaline rocks of the Zijinshan massif on the TAS diagram. F, foidite; Pc, ...
Specimen of kamafugite (kalsilite mela-foidite) bomb showing leucite crysta...
Total alkali-silica (TAS) diagram. Fields: F = Foidite; P c = Picrobasalt;...
Alkaline rocks of the Zijinshan massif on the Q–A–P–F diagram for igneous r...
Total alkali versus silica diagram showing the compositions of published mu...
Relationship between bulk modulus and volume for silicate glasses. ( a ) An...
Experimental constraints on the partial melting of sediment-metasomatized lithospheric mantle in subduction zones
Multielement diagrams of partition coefficients of trace elements between c...
IUGS TAS diagram of igneous rocks of Cabo Verde. B, basalt; BA, basaltic an...
Modified volcanic discrimination diagram after Winchester and Floyd ( Pearc...
Crystal chemistry of phlogopite from Vulture-S. Michele Subsynthem volcanic rocks (Mt. Vulture, Italy) and volcanological implications
Phlogopite from the Ventaruolo subsynthem volcanics (Mt Vulture, Italy): a multi-method study
During the Neogene and Quaternary, potassic and ultrapotassic magmas erupted in association with shoshonitic and calc-alkalic magmas across much of the Italian peninsula. On the basis of the temporal and spatial distribution of this volcanism, and its mineralogical and compositional characteristics, three different magmatic provinces have been defined. The northwesternmost province, the Tuscan Magmatic Province, is domi nated by leucite-free ultrapotassic rocks (lamproite), shoshonite, and minor calc-alkalic rocks. The Roman Magmatic Province is dominated by leucite-bearing rocks with variable degrees of silica saturation, from undersaturated (leucitites and plagio-leucitites) to strongly undersaturated (kamafugites), but minor amounts of shoshonitic to high-potassium calc-alkalic rocks are still present. The Lucanian Magmatic Province, located at the southeasternmost edge of the volcanic belt, is dominated by foiditic (haüynites and leucitites) and kamafugitic (melilitites) members, all strongly under-saturated in silica. In spite of these petrologic differences, the Neogene Italian potassic and ultrapotassic rocks display similar trace-element patterns. Depletion in high field strength elements with respect to large ion lithophile elements is a common feature. Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopic compositions of mafic high-MgO rocks range widely, relating mainly to geographic location of eruption and to enrichment in alkalies. The Os isotopic composition of these samples, however, does not clearly correlate with eruption location, but is dependent on the amount of “continental crust component” added to the magmas. Some of the studied samples are compatible with crustal contamination en route to the surface. In most cases, however, there are several lines of evidence suggesting the possibility that crustal components were added directly to the mantle source prior to partial melting. Large amounts (many tens of weight percent) of “crustal component” must be added to the peridotitic mantle in order to obtain the 187 Os/ 188 Os of the lamproites in Tuscany. These large amounts of crustal components have been recycled into the mantle in the form of either melts or fluids. The recycling can be reconciled with a veined mantle in which the crustal component is concentrated. Partial melting of veins would then produce the high-silica and high-magnesium lamproitic magmas from Tuscany. Dilution of the crustal components by increasing partial melting of surrounding mantle peridotite, or alternatively, a reduction of metasomatic veins, could then produce shoshonitic and high-K calc-alkalic mafic magmas. Southeastward geochemical and isotopic variations are reconciled with decreasing direct contributions from crustal components introduced into the mantle by sub-duction, but an increasing role of subducted fluids from dehydration of CO 2 -rich sediments. The coupled isotopic and chemical characteristics of Italian magmas cannot be reconciled with an ocean-island basalt (OIB)–like primary magma composition due to the substantial overprinting by crustal- and or subduction-related components.
Timing and nature of postcollisional volcanism in western Anatolia and geodynamic implications
Western Anatolia (Turkey) has experienced discrete pulses of widespread volcanism since the collision of the Sakarya and Tauride continental blocks in the early Eocene. Underplating of the leading edge of the Tauride platform at a north-dipping subduction zone beneath the Sakarya continent resulted in crustal thickening and detachment of the Neo-Tethyan oceanic lithosphere from continental lithosphere, causing slab break-off and the development of an asthenospheric window. Thermal perturbation caused by this asthenospheric upwelling led to melting of the metasomatized overriding mantle lithosphere that produced volcanism and granitic plutonism across the suture zone and the Sakarya continent. The products of this first episode of postcollisional volcanism in western Anatolia were subalkaline in character, with rocks ranging in composition from basalt, basaltic andesite, and andesite to dacite; they show enrichment in large-ion lithophile elements (LILE) and light rare earth elements (LREE) relative to the high field strength elements and display the highest 87 Sr/ 86 Sr (i) (0.7087 to 0.7071) and the lowest ϵNd (i) (−6.5 to −3.5) values in comparison to the rocks of the following volcanic episodes. Geochemical features and compositional variations of this subalkaline volcanic group indicate increasing amounts of crustal contamination and a decreasing subduction signature during their evolution from the Eocene through the Oligo-Miocene. Following the initial phases of orogenic collapse, collision-induced compression in western Anatolia was replaced by north-south extension in the early to middle Miocene that produced metamorphic core complexes and NNE-trending horst-graben structures in the region. The second major volcanic episode from 16 to 14 Ma produced mildly alkaline rocks ranging in composition from basalt, trachy-basalt, and trachy-andesite to trachyte, showing enrichment in LILE and LREE (although less pronounced in comparison to the subalkaline lavas), with 87 Sr/ 86 Sr (i) (0.7075 to 0.7062) and ϵNd (i) (−3.6 to −1.6) values that are transitional between the earlier subalkaline and the later alkaline group lavas. Melting of a subduction-modified lithospheric mantle and asthenospheric melts appear to have contributed to the magma budget of the mildly alkaline group, which shows the effects of less crustal contamination or assimilation as a result of advanced crustal thinning associated with tectonic extension in the region. The asthenospheric melt contribution likely resulted from lithospheric delamination or partial convective removal of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle. Alkaline volcanism, which started around 12 Ma and continued until the latest Quaternary, produced rocks in the tephrite, basanite, and foidite fields that show ocean island basalt–type trace-element patterns and 87 Sr/ 86 Sr (i) (0.7033 to 0.7030) and ϵNd (i) (+6.5 to +2.5) values. These features suggest enriched asthenospheric mantle–derived melts as their main magma source. Crustal contamination or assimilation was not an important process in the evolution of the alkaline group, suggesting that magma transport was facilitated by lithospheric-scale extensional fault systems that acted as natural conduits. Establishment of the Hellenic subduction zone and the associated slab roll-back from the middle Miocene onward produced arc volcanism on the south Aegean islands (Milos, Santorini, and Methana) and in southwestern Turkey (Bodrum). The postcollisional volcanism in western Anatolia thus displays compositionally distinct magmatic episodes controlled by slab break-off, lithospheric delamination, asthenospheric upwelling and decompressional melting, and oceanic lithospheric subduction as part of the geodynamic evolution of the eastern Mediterranean region throughout the Cenozoic.