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NARROW
Format
Article Type
Journal
Publisher
Section
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
-
Central Africa
-
Angola (1)
-
-
East Africa
-
Malawi (3)
-
Tanzania
-
Oldoinyo Lengai (1)
-
-
-
Madagascar (1)
-
North Africa
-
Morocco (1)
-
Tunisia (1)
-
-
Southern Africa
-
Namibia (5)
-
South Africa
-
Transvaal region (1)
-
-
-
-
Antarctica (1)
-
Arctic region
-
Greenland
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Ilimaussaq (1)
-
West Greenland (1)
-
-
-
Asia
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Saudi Arabia (1)
-
-
Buryat Russian Federation (2)
-
Far East
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Borneo
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Kalimantan Indonesia (1)
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Burma (1)
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China
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Anhui China (1)
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Fujian China (1)
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Guangdong China (3)
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Guangxi China (1)
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Hebei China (1)
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Hubei China (1)
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Inner Mongolia China
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Bayan Obo China (7)
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Jiangxi China (1)
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Liaoning China
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Liaodong Peninsula (1)
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North China Platform (2)
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Qinling Mountains (2)
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Shaanxi China (1)
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Sichuan China (2)
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South China Block (3)
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Yangtze Platform (2)
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Indonesia
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Kalimantan Indonesia (1)
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Japan (1)
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Mongolia (4)
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Vietnam (3)
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Gobi Desert (2)
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Indian Peninsula
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Afghanistan (1)
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India
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Andhra Pradesh India
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Nellore mica belt (1)
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Gujarat India
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Amba Dongar (2)
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Saurashtra (1)
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Karnataka India
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Chitradurga schist belt (1)
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Rajasthan India (1)
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Tamil Nadu India (2)
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Pakistan (1)
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Irkutsk Russian Federation (2)
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Kamchatka Russian Federation
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Kamchatka Peninsula
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Tolbachik (2)
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Russian Pacific region (1)
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Tibetan Plateau (1)
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Western Transbaikalia (3)
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Australasia
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Australia
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Northern Territory Australia (1)
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Queensland Australia
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Mount Isa Inlier (2)
-
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South Australia
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Flinders Ranges (1)
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Olympic Dam Deposit (5)
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Western Australia (2)
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Black Hills (1)
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Canada
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Cassiar Mountains (1)
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Eastern Canada
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Maritime Provinces
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New Brunswick (1)
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Nova Scotia
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Cobequid Fault (1)
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Cobequid Highlands (2)
-
-
-
Newfoundland and Labrador
-
Labrador
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Nain Massif (1)
-
-
-
Ontario
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Hastings County Ontario
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Bancroft Ontario (1)
-
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Sudbury igneous complex (1)
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Sudbury Ontario (1)
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Quebec
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Monteregian Hills (1)
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Rouville County Quebec
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Mont-Saint-Hilaire Quebec (4)
-
-
-
-
Western Canada
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British Columbia (7)
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Northwest Territories (4)
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Saskatchewan (2)
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Yukon Territory (1)
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Cascade Range (1)
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Commonwealth of Independent States
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Azov Sea (1)
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Caucasus
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Lesser Caucasus (1)
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Georgian Republic (1)
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Russian Federation
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Buryat Russian Federation (2)
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Irkutsk Russian Federation (2)
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Kamchatka Russian Federation
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Kamchatka Peninsula
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Tolbachik (2)
-
-
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Kursk Russian Federation (1)
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Murmansk Russian Federation
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Khibiny Mountains (2)
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Kola Peninsula (2)
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Lovozero Massif (2)
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Russian Pacific region (1)
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Voronezh Russian Federation (1)
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Western Transbaikalia (3)
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Ukraine (1)
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Eurasia (1)
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Europe
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Alps
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Piedmont Alps
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Dora Maira Massif (2)
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Western Alps
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Cottian Alps
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Dora Maira Massif (2)
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Azov Sea (1)
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Carpathians (1)
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Caucasus
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Lesser Caucasus (1)
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Central Europe
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Czech Republic
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Bohemia
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Czech Erzgebirge (1)
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Erzgebirge
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Czech Erzgebirge (1)
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Germany
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Eifel (1)
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Saxony Germany (1)
-
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Poland (1)
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Upper Rhine Graben (1)
-
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Georgian Republic (1)
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Kursk Russian Federation (1)
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Murmansk Russian Federation
-
Khibiny Mountains (2)
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Kola Peninsula (2)
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Lovozero Massif (2)
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Rhenish Schiefergebirge
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Eifel (1)
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Southern Europe
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Balkan Mountains (1)
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Bulgaria (1)
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Greece (1)
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Italy
-
Campania Italy
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Vesuvius (1)
-
-
Latium Italy (1)
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Liguria Italy (1)
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Piemonte Italy
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Dora Maira Massif (2)
-
-
-
-
Tornquist-Teisseyre Zone (1)
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Ukraine (1)
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Voronezh Russian Federation (1)
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Western Europe
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Cottian Alps
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Dora Maira Massif (2)
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France
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Esterel (1)
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Var France (1)
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Scandinavia
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Denmark (2)
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Norway
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Rogaland Norway (1)
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Telemark Norway (1)
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Troms Norway (1)
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-
Sweden
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Bergslagen (6)
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Kalmar Sweden
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Vastervik Sweden (1)
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Norrbotten Sweden
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Kiruna Sweden (1)
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-
-
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United Kingdom
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Great Britain
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England
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Cumbria England (1)
-
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Scotland
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Aberdeenshire Scotland
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Aberdeen Scotland (1)
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Hebrides
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Inner Hebrides
-
Isle of Skye (1)
-
-
-
Highland region Scotland
-
Inverness-shire Scotland
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Isle of Skye (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Indian Ocean Islands
-
Madagascar (1)
-
-
Lake District (1)
-
Malay Archipelago
-
Borneo
-
Kalimantan Indonesia (1)
-
-
-
North America
-
Basin and Range Province (1)
-
Canadian Shield
-
Slave Province (1)
-
Superior Province
-
Abitibi Belt (2)
-
Michipicoten Belt (1)
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Wawa Belt (1)
-
-
-
Great Plains
-
Northern Great Plains (1)
-
Southern Great Plains (1)
-
-
North American Cordillera (1)
-
Rocky Mountains
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains
-
Bitterroot Range (1)
-
-
-
-
Oceania
-
Melanesia
-
New Caledonia (1)
-
-
-
Oslo Rift (1)
-
Pacific Ocean
-
North Pacific
-
Northwest Pacific
-
Japan Sea (1)
-
-
-
West Pacific
-
Northwest Pacific
-
Japan Sea (1)
-
-
-
-
Pikes Peak (1)
-
Russian Platform (1)
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South America
-
Argentina
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Pampean Mountains (1)
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Santiago del Estero Argentina (1)
-
-
Bolivia (1)
-
Brazil
-
Bahia Brazil (1)
-
Goias Brazil (1)
-
Minas Gerais Brazil (2)
-
Rondonia Brazil (1)
-
Sao Paulo Brazil (1)
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Serra do Mar (2)
-
-
Chile (1)
-
-
United States
-
Alaska (1)
-
Amargosa Desert (1)
-
California
-
San Bernardino County California (3)
-
-
Colorado
-
Pikes Peak Batholith (2)
-
Teller County Colorado
-
Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument (1)
-
-
Yuma County Colorado (1)
-
-
Columbia Plateau (1)
-
High Plains Aquifer (1)
-
Idaho
-
Butte County Idaho (1)
-
Snake River plain (1)
-
Snake River Plain Aquifer (2)
-
-
Kansas (1)
-
Midcontinent (1)
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Missouri
-
Saint Francois Mountains (1)
-
-
Mojave Desert (1)
-
Montana (1)
-
Nebraska
-
Perkins County Nebraska (1)
-
-
Nevada
-
Nye County Nevada (1)
-
-
New Mexico
-
Lincoln County New Mexico (1)
-
-
South Platte River valley (1)
-
Texas
-
Cochran County Texas (1)
-
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains
-
Bitterroot Range (1)
-
-
Washington
-
Golden Horn Batholith (1)
-
Hanford Site (1)
-
Okanogan County Washington (1)
-
-
Wyoming (2)
-
-
-
commodities
-
barite deposits (1)
-
bauxite deposits (2)
-
brines (3)
-
clay deposits (1)
-
construction materials (1)
-
fluorspar deposits (6)
-
gems (1)
-
glass materials (1)
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magnesite deposits (1)
-
metal ores
-
beryllium ores (2)
-
cobalt ores (1)
-
copper ores (12)
-
gold ores (13)
-
IOCG deposits (5)
-
iron ores (10)
-
lead ores (1)
-
lead-zinc deposits (1)
-
lithium ores (1)
-
molybdenum ores (2)
-
niobium ores (11)
-
polymetallic ores (1)
-
rare earth deposits (56)
-
silver ores (2)
-
tantalum ores (2)
-
thorium ores (2)
-
tin ores (4)
-
tungsten ores (2)
-
uranium ores (9)
-
zinc ores (2)
-
zirconium ores (5)
-
-
mineral deposits, genesis (59)
-
mineral exploration (11)
-
mineral resources (4)
-
petroleum (1)
-
phosphate deposits (5)
-
strategic minerals (2)
-
-
elements, isotopes
-
boron
-
B-11/B-10 (1)
-
-
carbon
-
C-13 (1)
-
C-13/C-12 (15)
-
C-14 (1)
-
organic carbon (1)
-
-
chemical elements (3)
-
halogens
-
bromine
-
bromide ion (1)
-
-
chlorine (3)
-
fluorine
-
fluoride ion (2)
-
-
iodine (1)
-
-
hydrogen
-
D/H (1)
-
-
isotope ratios (28)
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
C-14 (1)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (2)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-210 (2)
-
Po-210 (1)
-
Ra-226 (2)
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (2)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (3)
-
U-238 (1)
-
U-238/Pb-204 (1)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
B-11/B-10 (1)
-
C-13 (1)
-
C-13/C-12 (15)
-
Ca-44/Ca-40 (1)
-
D/H (1)
-
He-4/He-3 (1)
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (1)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (9)
-
Ne-22/Ne-20 (1)
-
O-18 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (14)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (2)
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (2)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (2)
-
S-33/S-32 (1)
-
S-34/S-32 (3)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (3)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (12)
-
-
-
metals
-
actinides
-
thorium (7)
-
uranium
-
U-238 (1)
-
U-238/Pb-204 (1)
-
-
-
alkali metals
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lithium (2)
-
potassium (1)
-
rubidium
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (2)
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-
sodium (3)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
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barium (4)
-
calcium
-
Ca-44/Ca-40 (1)
-
-
radium
-
Ra-226 (2)
-
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strontium
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Rb-87/Sr-86 (2)
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (12)
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-
-
aluminum (2)
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arsenic (3)
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bismuth (2)
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cobalt (1)
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copper (2)
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gallium (1)
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gold (1)
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hafnium
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Hf-177/Hf-176 (1)
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indium (1)
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iron
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ferric iron (1)
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ferrous iron (2)
-
-
lead
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (2)
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Pb-207/Pb-206 (2)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
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Pb-210 (2)
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U-238/Pb-204 (1)
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mercury (1)
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nickel (1)
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niobium (12)
-
polonium
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Po-210 (1)
-
-
precious metals (1)
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rare earths
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cerium (19)
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erbium (1)
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europium (1)
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lanthanum (7)
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (9)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (3)
-
-
samarium
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (3)
-
-
ytterbium (1)
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yttrium (13)
-
-
silver (1)
-
tantalum (4)
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tin (2)
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titanium (3)
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tungsten (3)
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vanadium (2)
-
zinc (1)
-
zirconium (6)
-
-
noble gases
-
helium
-
He-4/He-3 (1)
-
-
neon
-
Ne-22/Ne-20 (1)
-
-
radon (1)
-
-
oxygen
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O-18 (1)
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O-18/O-16 (14)
-
-
phosphorus (2)
-
silicon (2)
-
sulfur
-
S-33/S-32 (1)
-
S-34/S-32 (3)
-
-
-
fossils
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Invertebrata
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Mollusca
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Gastropoda
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Mesogastropoda
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Cerithiidae (1)
-
-
-
-
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Plantae
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Spermatophyta
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Gymnospermae
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Coniferales
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Cupressaceae (1)
-
-
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-
-
-
geochronology methods
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Ar/Ar (2)
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K/Ar (2)
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paleomagnetism (1)
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Pb/Th (1)
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radiation damage (1)
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Re/Os (3)
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Sm/Nd (2)
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Th/U (1)
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U/Pb (9)
-
U/Th/Pb (3)
-
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geologic age
-
Cenozoic
-
Tertiary
-
Florissant Lake Beds (1)
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
upper Miocene (1)
-
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
lower Eocene (1)
-
upper Eocene (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous (4)
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Middle Cretaceous (1)
-
Upper Cretaceous
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Campanian (2)
-
-
-
Jurassic
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Upper Jurassic
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Kimmeridgian (1)
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-
-
Yanshanian (3)
-
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Moldanubian (1)
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Paleozoic
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Cambrian (1)
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Carboniferous
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Benxi Formation (1)
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Culm (1)
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Lower Carboniferous (2)
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Mississippian (2)
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Upper Carboniferous (1)
-
-
Devonian
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Middle Devonian
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Givetian (1)
-
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Upper Devonian
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Frasnian (1)
-
-
-
lower Paleozoic (3)
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Ordovician (1)
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Permian
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Upper Permian (1)
-
-
upper Paleozoic (1)
-
Woodford Shale (1)
-
-
Precambrian
-
Archean
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Neoarchean (3)
-
Timiskaming Group (1)
-
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
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Huronian (1)
-
Mesoproterozoic
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Belt Supergroup (1)
-
Wallace Formation (1)
-
-
Neoproterozoic (2)
-
Paleoproterozoic
-
Qinling Group (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
igneous rocks
-
igneous rocks
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carbonatites
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sovite (1)
-
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feldspathoid rocks (6)
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granophyre (1)
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plutonic rocks
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anorthosite (1)
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gabbros (1)
-
granites
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alkali granites (5)
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A-type granites (8)
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biotite granite (2)
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granite porphyry (1)
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leucogranite (1)
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granodiorites (1)
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ijolite (3)
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lamproite (1)
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monzodiorite (1)
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monzonites (1)
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pegmatite (11)
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sovite (1)
-
syenites
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albitite (1)
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alkali syenites (3)
-
nepheline syenite
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agpaite (3)
-
foyaite (2)
-
lujavrite (1)
-
miaskite (2)
-
-
quartz syenite (2)
-
shonkinite (1)
-
-
ultramafics
-
pyroxenite (1)
-
-
-
porphyry (1)
-
volcanic rocks
-
andesites (1)
-
basalts
-
flood basalts (1)
-
ocean-island basalts (1)
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dacites (1)
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melilitite (1)
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nephelinite (2)
-
phonolites (5)
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rhyolites (1)
-
trachyandesites (1)
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trachytes (2)
-
-
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metamorphic rocks
-
amphibolites (1)
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eclogite (1)
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gneisses (1)
-
marbles (2)
-
metacarbonate rocks (1)
-
metaigneous rocks
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metabasite (1)
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metarhyolite (1)
-
-
metaplutonic rocks (1)
-
metasedimentary rocks
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metapelite (1)
-
-
metasomatic rocks
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fenite (6)
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greisen (1)
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skarn (11)
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quartzites (1)
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schists
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blueschist (1)
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greenschist (1)
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greenstone (1)
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slates (1)
-
-
-
minerals
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alloys
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carbides
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cohenite (1)
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moissanite (1)
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hedleyite (1)
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silicides (1)
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antimonates (1)
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arsenates (2)
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arsenides (2)
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borates (2)
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carbonates
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ankerite (3)
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aragonite (2)
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azurite (1)
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bastnaesite (32)
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calcite (16)
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cancrinite (1)
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dawsonite (1)
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dolomite (10)
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malachite (1)
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parisite (16)
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rhodochrosite (1)
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siderite (2)
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strontianite (1)
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synchysite (17)
-
vaterite (2)
-
-
copper minerals (1)
-
halides
-
chlorides
-
eudialyte (4)
-
halite (1)
-
-
fluorides
-
bastnaesite (32)
-
cryolite (1)
-
fluorite (16)
-
humite (1)
-
parisite (16)
-
synchysite (17)
-
zinnwaldite (1)
-
-
-
hydrates (1)
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manganese minerals (2)
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minerals (1)
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native elements
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diamond (1)
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organic minerals (1)
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ilmenite (1)
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niobates
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pyrochlore (4)
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pitchblende (1)
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rutile (5)
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tantalates
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titanium oxides (1)
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uraninite (4)
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phosphates
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apatite (16)
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florencite (3)
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fluorapatite (9)
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monazite (25)
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rhabdophane (2)
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silicates
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amphibole group
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clinoamphibole
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tremolite (1)
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tschermakite (1)
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astrophyllite (1)
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prehnite (1)
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pyroxene group
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clinopyroxene
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aegirine (6)
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augite (1)
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diopside (2)
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-
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wollastonite group
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pectolite (1)
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framework silicates
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feldspar group
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alkali feldspar
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K-feldspar (1)
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microcline (2)
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plagioclase
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albite (3)
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nepheline group
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nepheline (1)
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pseudoleucite (2)
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silica minerals
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quartz (2)
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sodalite group
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sodalite (2)
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zeolite group
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chabazite (1)
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edingtonite (1)
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harmotome (1)
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natrolite (3)
-
-
-
orthosilicates
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nesosilicates
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britholite group
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britholite (8)
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datolite group
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gadolinite (2)
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garnet group
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almandine (1)
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grossular (1)
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hydrogarnet
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hibschite (1)
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spessartine (1)
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humite (1)
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phenakite group
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phenakite (1)
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staurolite (1)
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titanite group
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titanite (6)
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zircon group
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coffinite (1)
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thorite (10)
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zircon (14)
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-
-
sorosilicates
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bertrandite (1)
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chevkinite group
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chevkinite (4)
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epidote group
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allanite (14)
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clinozoisite (1)
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epidote (3)
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thalenite (1)
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thortveitite group
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ring silicates
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beryl (1)
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eudialyte (4)
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sheet silicates
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chlorite group
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clay minerals
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kaolinite (2)
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gyrolite (1)
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illite (3)
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mica group
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annite (2)
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phlogopite (4)
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zinnwaldite (1)
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serpentine group
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serpentine (1)
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-
-
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sulfates
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alunite (1)
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barite (7)
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sulfides
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iron sulfides (1)
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sulfosalts (2)
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uranium minerals (1)
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vanadates (1)
-
-
Primary terms
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absolute age (13)
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Africa
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Central Africa
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Angola (1)
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East Africa
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Malawi (3)
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Tanzania
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Madagascar (1)
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Southern Africa
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Asia
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atmosphere (2)
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Australasia
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barite deposits (1)
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brines (3)
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Canada
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Newfoundland and Labrador
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Nain Massif (1)
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Ontario
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Quebec
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Monteregian Hills (1)
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-
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Western Canada
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carbon
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C-13 (1)
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C-13/C-12 (15)
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organic carbon (1)
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Cenozoic
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Tertiary
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Florissant Lake Beds (1)
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Neogene
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Miocene
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upper Miocene (1)
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Paleogene
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Eocene
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lower Eocene (1)
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-
-
-
-
chemical analysis (2)
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clay deposits (1)
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conservation (1)
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construction materials (1)
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crust (4)
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crystal chemistry (33)
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data processing (1)
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deformation (3)
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Europe
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Alps
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Southern Europe
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Tornquist-Teisseyre Zone (1)
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Ukraine (1)
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Western Europe
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France
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Scandinavia
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Sweden
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United Kingdom
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Scotland
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-
-
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Highland region Scotland
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Inverness-shire Scotland
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-
-
-
-
-
-
-
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faults (7)
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fluorspar deposits (6)
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foliation (2)
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gems (1)
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geochemistry (28)
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geochronology (2)
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geophysical methods (1)
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ground water (5)
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hydrogen
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D/H (1)
-
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hydrology (3)
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igneous rocks
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carbonatites
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feldspathoid rocks (6)
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granophyre (1)
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plutonic rocks
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anorthosite (1)
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granites
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alkali granites (5)
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A-type granites (8)
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biotite granite (2)
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leucogranite (1)
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granodiorites (1)
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ijolite (3)
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nepheline syenite
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agpaite (3)
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foyaite (2)
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miaskite (2)
-
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quartz syenite (2)
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ultramafics
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porphyry (1)
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volcanic rocks
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andesites (1)
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basalts
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flood basalts (1)
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ocean-island basalts (1)
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dacites (1)
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melilitite (1)
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nephelinite (2)
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phonolites (5)
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trachyandesites (1)
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trachytes (2)
-
-
-
inclusions
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fluid inclusions (14)
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Indian Ocean Islands
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Madagascar (1)
-
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intrusions (42)
-
Invertebrata
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Mollusca
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Gastropoda
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Mesogastropoda
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Cerithiidae (1)
-
-
-
-
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
C-14 (1)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (2)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
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Pb-210 (2)
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Po-210 (1)
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Ra-226 (2)
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Rb-87/Sr-86 (2)
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Sm-147/Nd-144 (3)
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U-238 (1)
-
U-238/Pb-204 (1)
-
-
stable isotopes
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B-11/B-10 (1)
-
C-13 (1)
-
C-13/C-12 (15)
-
Ca-44/Ca-40 (1)
-
D/H (1)
-
He-4/He-3 (1)
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (1)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (9)
-
Ne-22/Ne-20 (1)
-
O-18 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (14)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (2)
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (2)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (2)
-
S-33/S-32 (1)
-
S-34/S-32 (3)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (3)
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (12)
-
-
-
magmas (22)
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magnesite deposits (1)
-
Malay Archipelago
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Borneo
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Kalimantan Indonesia (1)
-
-
-
mantle (13)
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous (4)
-
Middle Cretaceous (1)
-
Upper Cretaceous
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Campanian (2)
-
-
-
Jurassic
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Upper Jurassic
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Kimmeridgian (1)
-
-
-
Yanshanian (3)
-
-
metal ores
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beryllium ores (2)
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cobalt ores (1)
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copper ores (12)
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gold ores (13)
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IOCG deposits (5)
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iron ores (10)
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lead ores (1)
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lead-zinc deposits (1)
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lithium ores (1)
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molybdenum ores (2)
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niobium ores (11)
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polymetallic ores (1)
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rare earth deposits (56)
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silver ores (2)
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tantalum ores (2)
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thorium ores (2)
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tin ores (4)
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tungsten ores (2)
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uranium ores (9)
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zinc ores (2)
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zirconium ores (5)
-
-
metals
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actinides
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thorium (7)
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uranium
-
U-238 (1)
-
U-238/Pb-204 (1)
-
-
-
alkali metals
-
lithium (2)
-
potassium (1)
-
rubidium
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (2)
-
-
sodium (3)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
barium (4)
-
calcium
-
Ca-44/Ca-40 (1)
-
-
radium
-
Ra-226 (2)
-
-
strontium
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (2)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (12)
-
-
-
aluminum (2)
-
arsenic (3)
-
bismuth (2)
-
cobalt (1)
-
copper (2)
-
gallium (1)
-
gold (1)
-
hafnium
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (1)
-
-
indium (1)
-
iron
-
ferric iron (1)
-
ferrous iron (2)
-
-
lead
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (2)
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (2)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-210 (2)
-
U-238/Pb-204 (1)
-
-
mercury (1)
-
nickel (1)
-
niobium (12)
-
polonium
-
Po-210 (1)
-
-
precious metals (1)
-
rare earths
-
cerium (19)
-
erbium (1)
-
europium (1)
-
lanthanum (7)
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (9)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (3)
-
-
samarium
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (3)
-
-
ytterbium (1)
-
yttrium (13)
-
-
silver (1)
-
tantalum (4)
-
tin (2)
-
titanium (3)
-
tungsten (3)
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vanadium (2)
-
zinc (1)
-
zirconium (6)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
amphibolites (1)
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marbles (2)
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metacarbonate rocks (1)
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metaigneous rocks
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metabasite (1)
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metarhyolite (1)
-
-
metaplutonic rocks (1)
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metasedimentary rocks
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-
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metasomatic rocks
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fenite (6)
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quartzites (1)
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schists
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blueschist (1)
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greenschist (1)
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greenstone (1)
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slates (1)
-
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metamorphism (6)
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metasomatism (40)
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mineral deposits, genesis (59)
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mineral exploration (11)
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mineralogy (3)
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minerals (1)
-
noble gases
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helium
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He-4/He-3 (1)
-
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neon
-
Ne-22/Ne-20 (1)
-
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radon (1)
-
-
North America
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Basin and Range Province (1)
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Canadian Shield
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Slave Province (1)
-
Superior Province
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Abitibi Belt (2)
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Michipicoten Belt (1)
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Wawa Belt (1)
-
-
-
Great Plains
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Northern Great Plains (1)
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Southern Great Plains (1)
-
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North American Cordillera (1)
-
Rocky Mountains
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U. S. Rocky Mountains
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Bitterroot Range (1)
-
-
-
-
ocean floors (1)
-
Oceania
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Melanesia
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New Caledonia (1)
-
-
-
orogeny (2)
-
oxygen
-
O-18 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (14)
-
-
Pacific Ocean
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North Pacific
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Northwest Pacific
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Japan Sea (1)
-
-
-
West Pacific
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Northwest Pacific
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Japan Sea (1)
-
-
-
-
paleoclimatology (1)
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paleomagnetism (1)
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Paleozoic
-
Cambrian (1)
-
Carboniferous
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Benxi Formation (1)
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Culm (1)
-
Lower Carboniferous (2)
-
Mississippian (2)
-
Upper Carboniferous (1)
-
-
Devonian
-
Middle Devonian
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Givetian (1)
-
-
Upper Devonian
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Frasnian (1)
-
-
-
lower Paleozoic (3)
-
Ordovician (1)
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Permian
-
Upper Permian (1)
-
-
upper Paleozoic (1)
-
Woodford Shale (1)
-
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paragenesis (17)
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petroleum (1)
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petrology (3)
-
phase equilibria (3)
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phosphate deposits (5)
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phosphorus (2)
-
Plantae
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Spermatophyta
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Gymnospermae
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Coniferales
-
Cupressaceae (1)
-
-
-
-
-
plate tectonics (3)
-
pollution (6)
-
Precambrian
-
Archean
-
Neoarchean (3)
-
Timiskaming Group (1)
-
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Huronian (1)
-
Mesoproterozoic
-
Belt Supergroup (1)
-
Wallace Formation (1)
-
-
Neoproterozoic (2)
-
Paleoproterozoic
-
Qinling Group (1)
-
-
-
-
-
remote sensing (1)
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rock mechanics (1)
-
sedimentary rocks
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GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Epoch and Age
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Availability
fluorocarbonates
Visible and short-wave infrared reflectance spectroscopy of REE fluorocarbonates Available to Purchase
Certain epoxies, fluorocarbon-acrylics, and silicones as stone preservatives Available to Purchase
Abstract The sample for this study consisted of Indiana limestone and several marble varieties. The treatment varied from surface coatings to in-depth impregnation. The chemical tests included exposure to SO 2 -enriched dynamic atmospheres and immersion in carbonic and sulfurous acid solutions. The SO 2 reactions were studied as a function of the formation of calcium sulfite determined by X-ray diffraction. The acid reactions were studied on leached Ca 2+ determined by EDTA titration and atomic absorption. The physical tests included the soundness test based on hydration of Na 2 SO 4 in the pore space of the stone. Chemically, certain epoxies and silicones increased the reaction relative to controls. The epoxies did so by absorption of gases, the silicones by probably acting as semipermeable membranes. The reactivity of immersed specimens was greater than that of specimens in a gaseous environment. The resin films during 20 to 40 hr of reaction, necessary for steady state, were not discolored or damaged. In soundness tests, in-depth impregnations produced far better results than surface treatments. All silicone treatments highly reduced water and water-vapor absorption but did not proportionally increase the soundness. The soundness was improved in fluorocarbon-acrylic copolymers, but here the chemical improvement was at its best. The maximum improvement of soundness was experienced by epoxy-treated specimens. An absolute prediction of the long-range behavior of preservative treatments in a natural environment seems to be difficult. Above tests only indicate the relative merits and permit identification of materials that may actually accelerate the weathering process.