Figure 2. Oral fenestrae and jaw elements in antiarchs: ( 1, 2 ) Yunnanolepidoidei; ( 3–5 ) Asterolepidoidei; ( 6, 7 ) Bothriolepidoidei. ( 1 ) Parayunnanolepis xitunensis Zhang, Wang, and Wang, 2001 . ( 2 ) Phymolepis cuifenshanensis Zhang, 1978 . ( 3 ) Pterichthyodes milleri (Miller

Fig. 4 Lenticular to consistent stratiform stromatolites with laminoid fenestrae (thinner arrow) and tufted and irregular-shaped microbial clots (thicker arrow) within finely laminated impure carbonates of Krol A Member. Note the presence of crude laminae and imbrications (black arrow

Fig. 17. Mulargia–Escalaplano Basin. (a) Domal algal bindstone with fenestrae. (b) Micrograph detail of the microbialites. (c) Evaporites, plane-polarized light. (d) Evaporites, cross-polarized light. Scale bar = 1 cm.

Figure 5. (a, b) Overview of fenestrae-filling DYC-1 in thin-section. Arrows and dashed rectangles indicate places which are enlarged in (c–j). (c) The innermost lamina of the thick wall overgrows a fissure in earlier laminae. The arrow indicates where a lamina in the thick wall is separated from

Fig. 14. Fenestrae in ooidal dolomite, West End Quarry, Boston Spa Riverside Woods [SE 4247 4619]. Scale in mm.

Fig. 4.— Cross-sections through oncoids, highlighting bubble fenestrae and conical growth. Views A and B represent the same oncoid. A ) Locations of bubble fenestrae. B – D ) Growth patterns based on light-dark laminae couplets and hourglass fenestrae. Laminae with bubble fenestrae present

Fig. 5.— Petrographic details of fenestrae. All images in plain polarized light with white card technique. A – D ) Bubble-associated fenestrae, defined by rounded edges and division by thin micritic pillars. E ) Girvanella filaments lining bottom of dividing pillar. F ) The fenestrae

Figure 2 1–3 , fenestrae microbialite with plumose morphology ( Sumner, 1997b ) in outcrop, hand sample, and serial-section, respectively. Microbial mats defined by kerogen (K) are black and are surrounded by gray herringbone calcite (HC) and white void-filling calcite (C); hand sample shows

Plate II 1) Wackestones with irregular fenestrae, of bird’s eyes type. Note the geopetal internal filling; 2) Wackestones with microepikarstic cavities, filled with speleotheme-like cement; 3) Mudstone with sparse calcite replacement evaporite pseudomorphs; 4) Replacing calcite/dolomite textures

Figure 1 Polished slab showing fenestrae-rich microbial matrix (M) separated by a cement-filled cavity. Microbialite is very dense, with few fenestrae adjacent to the cavity walls (DM). White cement generations consist of radiaxial fibrous calcite (RFC), while light gray bands consist

Fig. 7 Microkarst fenestrae in Opache Formation palustrine limestones. The limestone matrix is a dense mudstone-wackestone with no porosity. Fenestrae develop as a result of desiccation and gas generation and provide high local porosity in thin discontinuous horizons. The coin is 2 cm in diameter.

Fig. 2. Photographs and line drawings of the skull of G. brevipes (GIN 100/13) in right lateral view (A, D), right mandible in lateral view (B, E), and left mandible in medial view (C, F). an, angular; aof, antorbital fenestra; ar, articular; d, dentary; ect, ectopterygoid; emf, external

Figure 1. A, “Oreinirostral” facial morphology. B, “Platyrostral” facial morphology. C, Oreinirostral Sphenosuchus (after Walker 1990), dorsal view. D, Ventral view. E, Platyrostral Alligator mississippiensis , dorsal view. F, Ventral view. Abbreviations: aof, antorbital fenestra; en, external

Figure 5. † Parapsephurus willybemisi n. gen. n. sp., digital reconstruction from tomography data of the skull roof; FAU.DGS.ND.161.4559.T. ( 1 ) Dorsal view. ( 2 ) Ventral view. Anterior facing left. Scale bar = 2 cm. afl = anterior fenestra longitudinalis; c3 = posterior bone of the c series

fenestra; ec, ectopterygoid; en, external nares; fr, frontal; j, jugal; l, lacrimal; ltf, lower temporal fenestra; mx, maxilla; n, nasal; or, orbit; p, parietal; pa, palatine; pfr, prefrontal; pmx, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pt, pterygoid; q, quadrate

; LSTO=length of supratemporal opening; WSTO=width of supratemporal opening; LSTF=length of supratemporal fenestrae; WSTF=width of supratemporal fenestrae; LO=length of orbit; WO=width of orbit; LITF=length of infratemporal fenestrae; WITF=width of infratemporal fenestrae; LSY=length of symphysis

fenestra; eo, exoccipital; f, frontal; fm, foramen magnum; fo, foramen; imf, internal mandibular fenestra; l, lacrimal; m, maxilla; m.fen, maxillary fenestra; n, nasal; nlc, nasolacrimal canal; oc, occipital condyle; p, parietal; pa, prearticular; pal, palatine; pf, prefrontal; pm, premaxilla; pm.fen

Figure 8. Ratio of fenestra : no fenestra peak Von Mises stress. A, Oreinirostral model. B, Platyrostral model. Key in A applies to both graphs