Figure 4.3 A binary two-component eutectic system with limited solid solution. The isothermal points A, B, and C mark the limits of the second, limited-solid-solution component, X 2 . The partition coefficient of X 2 can be described as (B–A)/(C–A), or B/C. Below the eutectic temperature

F igure 3. Molar volume calculated at 1500 and 1800 K from the individual fits of Table 5 plotted as a function of ZnO content in the anorthite–diopside (AnDi) 1 atm eutectic system.

Figure 9 ( a ) CIPW Qtz-Ab-Or diagram showing the normative compositions of all analyzed nanogranitoid melt inclusions. Symbols as in Figure 4 . Black dots and lines show the eutectic points and cotectic lines for the subaluminous haplogranite system at a H 2 O = 1

Figure 1. Phase diagram of NaCl - H 2 O binary system. The eutectic point ( − 21.3 ° C ) is the lowest temperature in which this binary system can contain liquid. It also is the freezing point of the solution with the eutectic concentration (23.3 wt%; 233 ppt).

Fig. 9. Phase relations in the Fe–FeS system. The figure shows the eutectic temperatures derived by Kamada et al. (2012) and Morard et al. (2014) , liquidus (L) and solidus (S) of the O-containing system ( Terasaki et al., 2011a ). Symbols show the maximum parameters of the related experiment

Fig. 12. Phase relations in the Fe–C system. The figure shows the eutectic T e , peritectic T p , and melting T m curves for the Fe–Fe 3 C and Fe–Fe 7 C 3 systems determined by Lord et al. (2009) , Fei and Brosh (2014) . Symbols show the reference points in these systems. The experiment

Figure 4 Phase diagram of the iron-carbon system showing the eutectic composition (solid circles) at different pressures. Note the decrease in observed carbon content at the eutectic to 50 GPa and that the 130 GPa diagram is an extrapolation.

Fig. 6 Pressure evolution of the eutectic composition in the Fe-FeS system; data are from Morard et al. [2007 ]; Usselman [1975 ]; Stewart et al. [2007 ]; Chudinovskikh and Boehler [2007 ], the shaded area indicate the total content of light elements in the outer core (10±5%). Insets : Fe

F igure 1. Eutectic phase diagram for the binary A-B system illustrating (a) distinct concentration regions; (b) crystal growth by the slow cooling method and the thermal gradient method with stable (c) and metastable (d) polymorphs as a source material.

Figure 6. A sketch of track etching system for zircon using the eutectic NaOH:KOH etchant (after Tagami et al. 1988b ). Temperature of the etchant is kept at 221° ± 2 °C with the help of a temperature controller and a thermocouple (CA sensor #1) inserted to the center of the Aluminum hot plate

temperature. Curves labeled 1 through 3 correspond to melt productivity for the different bulk compositions noted in (a). In a simple binary with pure phases, melting begins at the eutectic temperature for all bulk compositions, and the system is not allowed to increase in temperature until one of the solid

F ig . 6. Representation of the isotherms and invariant curves in the H 2 O-NaCl calculated from thermodynamic modeling. E and P, respectively, eutectic and peritectic (ice + hH + L) points of the H 2 O-NaCl system ( Linke, 1958 ). E’, P’ 1 , respectively, eutectic and peritectic (Li5 + Li3 + L

F ig . 3. Solubility data for the H 2 O-NaCl-LiCl system for ∑m <12 mol/kg except data of Kindyakov et al. (1958) for reasons discussed in text. Li number refers to the hydrate including no. of water molecules. Abbreviations: hH = hydrohalite, H = halite, E and P, respectively, eutectic

eutectic; E AB , p AB , Q AB , eutectics and critical points of the binary system AB. Points of the immiscibility region: N, critical point L 1 = L 2 of metastable immiscibility; R, equilibrium G + L 1 + L 2 of metastable and stable immiscibility of nonsaturated liquid; L , L 1 + L 2

Fig. 8. Triangular diagram showing the Or–Q–Ab normative (CIPW) composition of the Zebra pegmatite (red dot), plotted in the diagram showing the progression of the quaternary isobaric minimum and the quaternary isobaric eutectic in the granite system with the increasing values of P (H 2 O

F igure 7. SEM/SEI images of a fresh fracture surface revealing the “broken lamellar” microstructure (CFS index 3) for the system H 2 O‐Na 2 SO 4 . The samples in these two images have a bulk composition of 4 wt% Na 2 SO 4 (the eutectic composition). (a) Low-magnification image: primary ice

Figure 3. (a) Ternary eutectic for the case of pure diopside (Di; CaMgSi 2 O 6 ), forsterite (Fo; Mg 2 SiO 4 ) and anorthite (An; CaAl 2 Si 2 O 8 ), adapted from Morse (1980) . Temperature contours are shown as dashed lines ; the three heavy dark lines are “cotectic” curves that indicate