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Journal Article

Comments on “the corner frequency shift, earthquake source models, and Q ,” by T. C. Hanks Available to Purchase

L. J. Burdick
Published: 01 August 1982
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (1982) 72 (4): 1419–1426.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0720041419
.... Res. 67 , 5279 - 5291 . Hanks T. C. (1981) . The corner frequency shift, earthquake source models and Q , Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 71 , 597 - 612 . Hanks T. C...
View PDF for article title, Comments on “the <span class="search-highlight">corner</span> <span class="search-highlight">frequency</span> <span class="search-highlight">shift</span>, earthquake source models, and Q ,” by T. C. Hanks
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Journal Article

Comments on “the corner frequency shift, earthquake source models, and Q ,” by T. C. Hanks Available to Purchase

Charles A. Langston
Published: 01 August 1982
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (1982) 72 (4): 1427–1432.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0720041427
... , 4997 - 5009 . Burdick L. J. (1982) . Comments on “The corner frequency shift, earthquake source models, and Q ,” by T. C. Hanks , Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 72 , 1417 - 1424 . Burdick L...
View PDF for article title, Comments on “the <span class="search-highlight">corner</span> <span class="search-highlight">frequency</span> <span class="search-highlight">shift</span>, earthquake source models, and Q ,” by T. C. Hanks
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Journal Article

Reply to “comments on ‘the corner frequency shift, earthquake source models, and Q ’” Available to Purchase

Thomas C. Hanks
Published: 01 August 1982
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (1982) 72 (4): 1433–1444.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0720041433
... . Burdick L. J. (1982) . Comments on “The corner frequency shift, earthquake source models, and Q ” by T. C. Hanks , Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 72 , 1417 - 1424 . Burdick L. J. Mellman...
View PDF for article title, Reply to “comments on ‘the <span class="search-highlight">corner</span> <span class="search-highlight">frequency</span> <span class="search-highlight">shift</span>, earthquake source models, and Q ’”
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Journal Article

The corner frequency shift, earthquake source models, and Q Available to Purchase

Thomas C. Hanks
Published: 01 June 1981
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (1981) 71 (3): 597–612.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0710030597
...Thomas C. Hanks abstract The very common seismological observation that the P waveform is enriched in high-frequency motion relative to the S waveforms of the same earthquake manifests itself, in spectral studies of the earthquake mechanism, as the “corner frequency shift,” the general although...
View PDF for article title, The <span class="search-highlight">corner</span> <span class="search-highlight">frequency</span> <span class="search-highlight">shift</span>, earthquake source models, and Q
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Journal Article

Retrieval of source-extent parameters and the interpretation of corner frequency Available to Purchase

Paul Silver
Published: 01 December 1983
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (1983) 73 (6A): 1499–1511.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA07306A1499
... extent. Evidence is presented that ω c is the corner frequency measured on actual seismograms. Thus, the commonly observed corner frequency shift ( P -wave corner greater than the S -wave corner), now viewed as a shift in ω c is simply a result of spatial finiteness and is expected to be a property...
View PDF for article title, Retrieval of source-extent parameters and the interpretation of <span class="search-highlight">corner</span> <span class="search-highlight">frequency</span>
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Journal Article

Observational Test for Wave Propagation Effects in Local Earthquake Seismograms Available to Purchase

David E. Williams, Charles A. Langston
Published: 01 April 1990
Seismological Research Letters (1990) 61 (2): 109–116.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.61.2.109
... components indicating near vertical incidence. These reverberations take the form of peaks in the amplitude spectra which may complicate corner frequency interpretation. As an example, a corner frequency shift, f c ( S ) < f c ( P ), is evident and is attributed to structure induced effects. Synthetic...
View PDF for article title, Observational Test for Wave Propagation Effects in Local Earthquake Seismograms
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Journal Article

Experimental confirmation of superposition from small-scale explosions Available to Purchase

Brian W. Stump, Robert E. Reinke
Published: 01 June 1988
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (1988) 78 (3): 1059–1073.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0780031059
... waveforms are used to model the multiple-burst data. The effects observed and simulated include direct superposition below the corner frequency, shift to lower corner frequency with increasing charge separation, and spectral scalloping. For charges closely spaced (up to 4 m, observed at 20 and 24 m...
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Journal Article

On the determination of radiated seismic energy and related source parameters Available to Purchase

D. J. Doornbos
Published: 01 April 1984
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (1984) 74 (2): 395–415.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0740020395
... polarity. These models are shown to simulate well the principal features of common circular and Haskell type of models, including the corner frequency shift of P waves with respect to S waves, and the relation between rupture velocity and maximum seismic efficiency. Spectral bandwidths...
View PDF for article title, On the determination of radiated seismic energy and related source parameters
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Journal Article

The partition of radiated energy between P and S waves Available to Purchase

John Boatwright, Jon B. Fletcher
Published: 01 April 1984
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (1984) 74 (2): 361–376.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0740020361
... the nine events gives 27.3 ± 3.3 for the ratio of the S -wave energy to the P -wave energy using 0.5 〈 F i 〉 as a lower bound for the radiation pattern corrections, and 23.7 ± 3.0 using no correction for the focal mechanisms. The average shift between the P -wave corner frequency and the S -wave corner...
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Estimated corner frequencies of Pn, Pg, and Lg versus yield for explosions at Rainier Mesa (RM). The diamonds are MM71 P-wave corner frequencies using the explicit material properties and depths for each explosion. The solid line depicts MM71 predictions of P-wave corner frequency versus yield, using the mean material properties and depths for this set. The dashed line has the same slope, but is shifted lower by a factor of 2, for reference, indicating that the Lg corner frequencies scale approximately with yield as predicted by MM71, but shifted systematically lower.

Estimated corner frequencies of Pn, Pg , and Lg versus yield for explosi... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 June 2007
frequency versus yield, using the mean material properties and depths for this set. The dashed line has the same slope, but is shifted lower by a factor of 2, for reference, indicating that the Lg corner frequencies scale approximately with yield as predicted by MM71, but shifted systematically lower.
Image
Best‐fitting corner frequency for the three target earthquakes (a, event 38522647; b, event 38577831; c, event 38538991) for different datasets (indicated on the X‐axis). The values are colored by their respective window length and low‐frequency limit (see legend in panel a). To avoid overlapping symbols, these values are shifted from left to right by window length (short to long) and low‐frequency limit (low to high). The horizontal dashed line indicates the median corner frequency for each event from all datasets. The color version of this figure is available only in the electronic edition.

Best‐fitting corner frequency for the three target earthquakes (a, event 38... Available to Purchase

Published: 04 March 2025
overlapping symbols, these values are shifted from left to right by window length (short to long) and low‐frequency limit (low to high). The horizontal dashed line indicates the median corner frequency for each event from all datasets. The color version of this figure is available only in the electronic
Image
(a) Stress drop estimated using the Brune (1970) model with and without adjustment to the corner frequency from directivity. The median decrease in stress drop when directivity is accounted for is around 4.3 MPa or 50% of the estimated stress drop. However, the general trend in the stress drops can be seen to be the same, indicating that directivity has the effect of systematically shifting measured stress drop to higher values. There is no obvious scaling of stress drop with magnitude. (b) The average ratio of the corner frequencies after accounting for directivity is roughly 80%–90% of the non‐adjusted corner frequency without a significant dependence on event magnitude. However, rupture velocity is likely underestimated across all directivity fits, due to the effect of a limited frequency band of observation. The color version of this figure is available only in the electronic edition.

(a) Stress drop estimated using the Brune (1970) model with and without a... Available to Purchase

Published: 10 December 2024
in the stress drops can be seen to be the same, indicating that directivity has the effect of systematically shifting measured stress drop to higher values. There is no obvious scaling of stress drop with magnitude. (b) The average ratio of the corner frequencies after accounting for directivity is roughly 80
Image
Effect of shifting the seismic moment and corner frequency of the reference event. The first row in (a) shows the effect of changing the seismic moment; the second row shows the effect of changing the corner frequency. Dotted line corresponds to the case where lower values were assigned to the seismic moment and corner frequency of the reference event (amplitude of the site effects is overestimated). Gray line corresponds to the case in which higher values were given (amplitude of site effects is underestimated). (b) The same situation as before, but this time two reference events have been included into the inversion. Inclusion of a second event decreases the misfit when the moment and corner frequency for one of the events is not well constrained.

Effect of shifting the seismic moment and corner frequency of the reference... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 August 2003
Figure 5. Effect of shifting the seismic moment and corner frequency of the reference event. The first row in (a) shows the effect of changing the seismic moment; the second row shows the effect of changing the corner frequency. Dotted line corresponds to the case where lower values were assigned
Journal Article

Source spectra and site response from P and S waves of local earthquakes in the Oaxaca, Mexico, subduction zone Available to Purchase

R. R. Castro, L. Munguía, J. N. Brune
Published: 01 June 1995
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (1995) 85 (3): 923–936.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0850030923
.... (1993) . Attenuation of P and S waves in the Oaxaca, México subduction zone , Phys. Earth Planet. Interiors 76 , 179 - 187 . Hanks T. C. (1981) . The corner frequency shift, earthquake source models, and Q , Bull. Seism...
View PDF for article title, Source spectra and site response from P and S waves of local earthquakes in the Oaxaca, Mexico, subduction zone
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Example spectral ratio between target event 38522647 (M 4.17) and event 37344940 (M 2.52). For all figures, the colors of the (a–d, g) lines and (e,f) symbols correspond to the time window: black (3 s), blue (5 s), green (10 s), and red (30 s). (a) Averaged spectral ratio amplitude from the east component of all available stations. (b,c) Spectral ratio amplitudes from east component of “CA03” and “SRT” only. (d) Averaged spectral ratio amplitude from the DAS array. The vertical lines denote the best‐fitting corner frequency for the target earthquakes. (a–d) Use the same line style that corresponds to the low‐frequency limits (legend in panel c). (e) The corner frequency from different time windows and low‐frequency limit for different datasets. The symbols correspond to low‐frequency limits. (f) Similar to panel (e), the symbols correspond to different datasets, and the x‐axis is the low‐frequency limit. Values in panels (e) and (f) are shifted based on (e) window length and low‐frequency limit or (f) dataset type to avoid overlapping. (g) The relationship between best‐fitting moment ratio (Y‐axis) and corner frequency (x‐axis) for each pair for the same time window (indicated by color) and dataset (indicated by line style) using different frequency bandwidths. The color version of this figure is available only in the electronic edition.

Example spectral ratio between target event 38522647 ( M  4.17) and event 3... Available to Purchase

Published: 04 March 2025
‐axis is the low‐frequency limit. Values in panels (e) and (f) are shifted based on (e) window length and low‐frequency limit or (f) dataset type to avoid overlapping. (g) The relationship between best‐fitting moment ratio ( Y ‐axis) and corner frequency ( x ‐axis) for each pair for the same time window
Image
Highest usable frequency (HUF—red crosses), lowest usable frequency (LUF—black circles), and the corner frequencies fcmin (left panel—blue squares) and fcmax (right panel—teal triangles) computed, respectively, for the minimum and maximum credible stress-drop values Δσmin and Δσmax for all events in the NGA-East dataset. The large squares and triangles indicate the application of a factor of safety of 50%, which increases fcmin to 1.5×fcmin (shift right) and the decreases fcmax to fcmin/1.5 (shift left).

Highest usable frequency (HUF—red crosses), lowest usable frequency (LUF—bl... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 July 2021
Figure 3. Highest usable frequency (HUF—red crosses), lowest usable frequency (LUF—black circles), and the corner frequencies fc min (left panel—blue squares) and fc max (right panel—teal triangles) computed, respectively, for the minimum and maximum credible stress-drop values Δ σ min
Image
Spectrogram and decomposition of 30‐min‐long OBS waveforms during the major calving event (29 July 2019) as different frequency bands. The Butterworth zero‐phase shift filter with four corners was applied.

Spectrogram and decomposition of 30‐min‐long OBS waveforms during the major... Available to Purchase

Published: 05 May 2021
Figure 8. Spectrogram and decomposition of 30‐min‐long OBS waveforms during the major calving event (29 July 2019) as different frequency bands. The Butterworth zero‐phase shift filter with four corners was applied.
Journal Article

Corner Frequency Scaling of Regional Seismic Phases for Underground Nuclear Explosions at the Nevada Test Site Available to Purchase

Mark D. Fisk
Published: 01 June 2007
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2007) 97 (3): 977–988.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0120060186
... frequency versus yield, using the mean material properties and depths for this set. The dashed line has the same slope, but is shifted lower by a factor of 2, for reference, indicating that the Lg corner frequencies scale approximately with yield as predicted by MM71, but shifted systematically lower. ...
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View PDF for article title, <span class="search-highlight">Corner</span> <span class="search-highlight">Frequency</span> Scaling of Regional Seismic Phases for Underground Nuclear Explosions at the Nevada Test Site
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Composite of the Lg apparent corner frequency versus distance regression lines for each of the stations from Figure 2 and from Fan and Lay (2002), shown on a common scale. The similarity of the regressions suggest pervasive, plateauwide strong Lg attenuation that shifts the spectral content systematically to lower frequency with increasing distance. The relatively high QLg portions of the paths outside the plateau to WMQ, LZH, and KMI baseline shift the curves relative to LSA. The slopes of the curves increase in proportion to the relative path sampling of the eastern region of the plateau.

Composite of the Lg apparent corner frequency versus distance regression li... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 October 2003
Figure 3. Composite of the Lg apparent corner frequency versus distance regression lines for each of the stations from Figure 2 and from Fan and Lay ( 2002 ), shown on a common scale. The similarity of the regressions suggest pervasive, plateauwide strong Lg attenuation that shifts the spectral
Journal Article

Are L g spectra from NTS explosions self-similar? Available to Purchase

Eric M. Jones, Steven R. Taylor
Published: 01 April 1996
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (1996) 86 (2): 445–456.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0860020445
... shift basically measures the difference between the low-frequency asymptotes of the individual spectrum and the master spectrum, and the frequency shift measures the difference in corner frequencies. We show that, for explosions producing cavities with a narrow range of measured scaled-cavity radii...
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