...-to-shot perturbations. Such filters arise naturally in the context of Taylor series approximations and are preferred when handling edge effects and to avoid smearing shot-to-shot perturbations. Hence, we propose a (spatially) compact source designature (CSD) filter valid for any source configuration...

... over/under sources using a simultaneous source-separation method and then to use conventional receiver-side deghosting methods to source-side deghost the data. Agudo et al. (2016) derive a compact source-designature solution for multidepth level source arrays addressing source ghosts, shot-to-shot...

...Figure 1. Steps summarizing the source designature process: (a) marine airvgun source, (b) after interaction with sea surface (with source- and receiver-side ghosts), (c) inverse filter (designature filter), and (d) converted to zero-phase compact wavelet. ...

... of designature strongly relies on the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) and is often challenging at frequencies where the S/N is low, for example, around the source ghost notches and the interference notches. With the development of high-resolution seismic imaging and high-precision velocity model building...

... the targeted demultiple workflow, we carried out integrated broadband processing (IBP) ( Aharchaou et al., 2018 ) in contrast to the legacy workflow, in which debubble and designature steps were executed sequentially. ExxonMobil's IBP technology jointly inverts for receiver- and source-side deghost, debubble...

... through notional source signatures. Laws et al. (1998) show that the notional source method ( Ziolkowski et al., 1982 ) and the ministreamer method ( Landrø and Sollie, 1992 ) give excellent results for conventional arrays. However, for compact air-gun arrays, there is a risk that the near- to far-field...

... from equation ( 12 ) allows the demultiple and designature processes to be combined. This combination is possible because the “triangle relationship” ( Amundsen, 2001 ), which is based on dual-field measurements, can be used to estimate the desired source signature s (ω) for the deconvolution...

... processing widely adopted today by the seismic industry is multidimensional source and receiver deghosting in the prestack domain. Despite being an important step toward broadening the bandwidth, full deghosting is known to produce dominating low frequencies for seismic events attenuated by Q...

..., designature filtering, and time-dependent phase correction. The spherical divergence compensation was applied based on a V 2 t formula using a reference velocity V and the two-way traveltime t . In designature filtering, a source signature and source ghost were estimated by pulse modeling...

...Patrick Smith; Brandon Mattox Abstract The P-Cable high-resolution 3D marine acquisition system tows many short, closely separated streamers behind a small source. It can provide 3D seismic data of very high temporal and spatial resolution. Since the system is containerized and has small dimensions...

... resolution of sediments below basaltic layers, surface seismic reflection data using a broad-band, low-frequency source have been recorded. By using a source wavelet with a significantly enhanced frequency spectrum centred at 10 Hz, generated from a large (167 l) airgun array tuned to the first bubble pulse...

...,…,∞}, in which v is the water velocity and z is the source or receiver depth. As a result there is a very strong loss of useful low-frequency energy and usually a similar loss at higher frequencies. The ghost effect occurs both at the source and at the receiver. At the source, the upgoing part of the source...

... at Forties, a significant effort has gone into continuously improving 4D repeatability with each acquisition. While early seismic surveys did not exactly repeat previous acquisition — and were acquired with different sources, streamer lengths, shot intervals, and even line orientation — a step-change in 4D...

... at each receiver depth. The label “designature” indicates that the source signature was removed from the data. The sensitivity measure ( S D ) of the kurtosis is given at the bottom for the 100-ms signal window. The top and bottom of the volcanic sequence are indicated with a dashed vertical line...

... and have low impedance contrast with their bounding shales. Preprocessing, including single-sensor noise attenuation and calibrated source designature, was applied to the data by WesternGeco. The data suffered from residual noise generated by two drill ships that were active in the area. Further...

... margins and permafrost regions worldwide, and they are being considered as a potential source of energy in coming decades ( Kvenvolden and Barnard, 1982 ; Kvenvolden, 1998 ). They represent drilling hazards because they can generate gas flow to the seabed or an influx to the well, and then they can...

... with a 60-m separation and with shallower source and streamer depths as compared to the 1991 survey ( Table 1 ). Independent processing flows were followed for 4D and for high-resolution imaging. This paper focuses on the 4D processing results. Table 1. Monitor and baseline survey parameters...

... reflection events in the data space during inversion to determine information about the low-frequency aspects of the subsurface, regardless of the bandwidth of the source function. However, this method relies on large, generally simple salt bodies that produce sparse events in the data space. This approach...

... identification of a seismic event and the accuracy of the determination of the direction to the source. A compact seismic detector for implementing the method reduces the cost of scanning and servicing a perimeter protection system constructed on the basis of such detectors. In the method, two or three pairs...