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chi-square tests

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Journal Article
Published: 01 September 1979
Journal of Sedimentary Research (1979) 49 (3): 773–776.
...C. K. Ballantyne; R. Cornish Abstract The chi-square test has been extensively employed by geologists and geomorphologists as a measure of the strength or statistical significance of preferred trends within orientation data. The x 2 value obtained is dependent on arbitrary selection of the pattern...
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Histograms for comparisons used in Chi-square tests of independence for A) Stegoceras and Hanssuesia domes, comparing shape with upstream orientation and B) resting orientations versus shape; C) Pachycephalosaurus and Hanssuesia domes, comparing shape with upstream orientation and D) resting orientation versus shape; E) Stegoceras skull and isolated domes, comparing shape with upstream orientation and F) resting orientations versus shape.
Published: 01 May 2013
FIGURE 5— Histograms for comparisons used in Chi-square tests of independence for A) Stegoceras and Hanssuesia domes, comparing shape with upstream orientation and B) resting orientations versus shape; C) Pachycephalosaurus and Hanssuesia domes, comparing shape with upstream orientation
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Published: 01 January 2001
Table 3. Results of chi-square tests comparing empirical FAD and LAD frequencies with mean simulated frequencies of a constant-turnover model and of pulsed models in which the background turnover rate was increased by three times and five times during two turnover pulses
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Published: 01 February 1961
T able I. RESULTS OF CHI SQUARE TESTS
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Published: 01 January 2009
TABLE 2 —Results of Chi-square test of several biostratinomic variables for two vertebrate fossil assemblages
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Published: 01 November 2020
Table 2. Values for the maximum likelihood (ML) chi-square test and log odds ratio. Calculated from 2 × 2 contingency tables of traits of extant species that have a fossil record within or missing from Nukumaruan (2.4 Ma) and Castlecliffian (1.63 Ma) to recent. None of the p- values
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Published: 01 March 2016
Table 3.— Results of ANOVA and Chi-squared tests for combined fern and seed fern groups. Significant p-values (α = 0.05) shown in bold .
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Published: 01 July 2014
Table 6.— Chi-square test ρ values for comparisons of the distribution of specific damage and encrustation levels, shell wear, and organism maturity in Nautilus assemblages from Bays 1–3 and the 2008 collection. Bold values indicate that the assemblage is significantly different (ρ < 0.05).
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Published: 01 January 2013
Table II ETAS model parameter estimates, log-likelihood, AIC and chi-square test results for four triggering functions. Γ ( p ) stands for the value at point p of the Gamma function.
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Published: 01 July 2012
T able 2 Results of chi-squared test of thickness ratios of shell whorls for Damesites sugata in the intervals with different shell diameters. N = number of specimens; SD = standard deviations; DF = the degrees of freedom; ns = not significant ( P >0.05).
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Published: 01 July 2012
T able 3 Results of chi-squared test of ammonitella diameters for Damesites sugata, Hypophylloceras subramosum, and Gaudryceras tenuiliratum. N = number of specimens; SD = standard deviations; DF = the degrees of freedom; ns = not significant ( P >0.05).
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Published: 01 August 2010
Table 1. Chi-squared tests of distribution of fish species in the functional morphospace biplot. “Total” refers to distribution across all four quadrants, “Orbit grad.” to distribution between the upper and lower halves and “LJ grad.” to distribution between the left and right halves. The expected
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Published: 01 January 2010
Table 4. Results of chi-square test of observed versus expected endoskeletobiont and predation trace occurrences. A p -value < 0.05 indicates either more or less biological activity in that shell region than expected, as indicated.
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Published: 01 August 2005
TABLE 2—Chi-square test contingency tables for water pH, the du ration of acid treatment, burial depth, and acid-buffering capacity. The tables test the null hypothesis that the experimental variable is inde pendent of carapace recovery
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Age spectra of the subpopulations passing the chi-square test. The euhedral and rounded aliquots gave nearly identical subpopulations.
Published: 01 July 2001
Figure 7 Age spectra of the subpopulations passing the chi-square test. The euhedral and rounded aliquots gave nearly identical subpopulations.
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Published: 01 July 2001
Table 2 Ages of the crystal populations grouped according to the chi-square test. P(Χ 2 ) is the probability of obtaining Χ 2 value for n degrees of freedom (where n = no. of crystals − 1; Galbraith 1981 ). The "binomfit" populations were determined by Mark Brandon's computer program. The two
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Published: 01 January 2001
Table 3.  Summary statistics of contingency tables testing the independence of extinction with regard to taxonomy. df represents degrees of freedom in chi-squared tests; p represents significance level found with chi-squared test; F represents significance level found with Fisher's exact test
Journal Article
Journal: GSA Bulletin
Published: 01 May 1956
GSA Bulletin (1956) 67 (5): 571–596.
... of sampling points by drawing random pairs of rectangular coordinates; (2) use of sampling points uniformly spaced on a rectangular grid. A test area of about 1 square mile was selected near the center of the Emporium, Pennsylvania, topographic quadrangle. Population parameters of tangent of slope were...
Journal Article
Published: 01 February 1976
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (1976) 66 (1): 173–187.
... errors of the parameters. The location parameters are found to be distributed as one minus chi squared with m degrees of freedom, where m is the number of parameters, allowing the simple construction of confidence levels. The use of the chi-squared test with n-m degrees of freedom, where n is the number...
Journal Article
Journal: GSA Bulletin
Published: 01 November 1970
GSA Bulletin (1970) 81 (11): 3393–3406.
... primary flowage. The statistical significance of results is documented by the Tukey Chi-square test and the vector method. Statistical parameters for these two techniques were calculated by Fortran IV program. Only seven samples (9 percent) indicated Chi-square values below the 90 percent confidence limit...