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![Figure 8. Graph of water conductivity (mS/cm2) vs. distance (km) from coast for surface floodwaters (solid symbols) and wells or cenotes (open symbols). Triangles are from outside the Cenote Rings (Celestun, Chunchucmil, San Simon, and Tankuche transects). Circles are from inside the Cenote Rings (Sisal transect). Uppermost open triangle is from the San Jose Chulchaca cenote, a large open body of water that may have been affected by solar evaporation. Other cenotes and wells are small and tree covered. Omitted are data from water bodies connected to the sea and data from the Isla Arena transect, where conductivities were affected by the road that disrupted flow.]()
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![Map of the study area, Laguna Bacalar, which is located in southeastern Quintana Roo, Mexico. x, sampling locations. Samples Bac 110113, Th-St1, and stromatolite were collected from location 1. Water samples were collected from various locations; the cenote samples come from location 2 (Cenote Azul); samples R1–4 came from location 3; samples of spring and vent water came from location 4; and RM1 and RM2 were from location 5. The core samples Th-St2 were collected from location 3.]()
![Map of cenote morphology with locations of surface sediment samples.]()
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![Figure 1. Map of the northwestern Yucatan Peninsula showing the region covered by the SIR-C radar imagery (area in shaded rectangle). Also shown are the locations of the major and minor Cenote Rings (shown with dotted lines). The location of the Cenote Rings approximately coincides with the location of the buried rim of the Chicxulub crater. The dashed line 5–15 km inland from the coast demarcates the boundary between mangrove (darker shading) and upland (lighter shading) vegetation. This dashed line also roughly approximates the boundary between the confined (darker shading) and unconfined (lighter shading) sections of the Yucatan aquifer. Solid lines are roads connecting towns (circles). Inset map shows relationship of study area to the Chicxulub crater.]()
![Depth profiles of hydrologic variables (salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature) through the aquifer at each cenote site. The shadowed region represents the halocline at the different locales.]()
![A ternary diagram showing the relative abundance of thecamoebians and foraminifera in the oligohaline cenote environment (<5 psu). The black arrow indicates the expected trajectory for assemblages under increasing salinity.]()
![Classification of coastal cave environments. On Caribbean terrestrial karst terrain, sinkholes are commonly called cenotes in Mexico and blue holes in the Bahamas. Stalactites and stalagmites that formed during sea-level lowstands often decorate underwater caves.]()
![A Study sites. The coastline is marked by the thick black line, roads by medium lines and topographic elevations by thin black lines. Note that this is not a complete list of local cenotes. B Idealized model of an anchialine karst system on the Yucatan Peninsula.]()
![Figure 9. Profiles of wet-season groundwater discharge zones 1–3 and their relationship to the buried Chicxulub crater. Profile locations shown in Figure 7A. Shown are the characteristics of the fresh-water lens and the saltwater–fresh-water interface. Dashed line (underlying coastal beach ridges) marks position of the caliche aquitard. Discharge zones are marked (schematically) by diamonds and occur where the water table (bold line) intersects the ground surface. Small horizontal arrows show surface flows, and arrow length is proportional to discharge magnitude. Small vertical arrows indicate limited fresh-water flow through breaches in the aquitard (cenotes). Subsurface flows are indicated with large arrows. Both seaward flow of fresh water and the inland flow of saltwater, due to the rising tide, are shown (the reverse tidal flow is not shown). Pattern of vertically stacked “X's” marks inferred regions of high permeability in the Tertiary limestones overlying the crater, two of which correlate with known zones of solution collapse—the major and minor Cenote Rings. The fault with offset strata beneath the minor Cenote Ring is conjectural and may correlate with the outer ring of Morgan and Warner (1999). Transect C-C′ is tangential to the exterior ring; hence, no offset is shown. The possible aquiclude at the surface of the buried crater is shown with dark shading. Note the vertical exaggeration and change in scale below 30 m, and that the elevation of features above sea level are exaggerated (e.g., the ground surface never exceeds 2 m, except for the beach ridge in profile A-A′). Depth of the saltwater–fresh-water interface and characteristics of the caliche aquitard are extrapolated from Perry et al. (1989). Position, depth, and nomenclature (e.g., peak ring, crater rim, and exterior ring) of crater structures from Morgan and Warner (1999). Locations of the peak ring, crater rim, and exterior ring are shown in Figure 7B]()
![Chicxulub meteorite impact as visible on gravity, magnetic data sets with ring of sinkholes (cenotes) preserved in the shallow carbonate overburden, onshore Yucatan. Adapted from MBL Inc. (Mark Longacre, gravity and magnetics interpretation consultant), for Sierra Oil and Gas. UTM = Universal Transverse Mercator; WGS = World Geodetic System.]()
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![Figure 6. Maps of radar types (A) and systems (B) based on classification of wet- and dry-season, L-and C-band, SIR-C imagery. Radar types (upper left corners of figures) A, B, and C correspond mostly with nonflooded forests; D with nonflooded savanna and fields; E with flooded swamp forest, F, G, and H with flooded woodlands (mostly mangrove); I with seasonally flooded marshes; J with perennially flooded marshes; K with mudflats and beaches; and L with open water. Radar system I corresponds mostly with nonflooded terrain; system II with flooded forests and woodlands; system III with flooded marshes, system IV with unvegetated terrain; and system V with open water. Profiles (e.g., A-A′) located on A are shown in Figure 10. White dotted lines on B show the positions of buried structures of the Chicxulub crater as defined by Morgan and Warner (1999): A—the outer edge of the peak ring; B—crater rim (and major Cenote Ring); C—the location of the minor Cenote Ring, which may correlate with the crater outer ring; D—the crater exterior ring. Both A and B show extensive flooding associated with crater rim and rings noted above.]()
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Journal Article
THECAMOEBIANS (TESTATE AMOEBAE) AND FORAMINIFERA FROM THREE ANCHIALINE CENOTES IN MEXICO: LOW SALINITY (1.5–4.5 psu) FAUNAL TRANSITIONS Available to Purchase
Journal: Journal of Foraminiferal Research
Published: 01 October 2008
Journal of Foraminiferal Research (2008) 38 (4): 305–317.
...P. J. Van Hengstum; E. G. Reinhardt; P. A. Beddows; R. J. Huang; J. J. Gabriel Abstract This study presents the first systematic documentation of thecamoebians and foraminifera in anchialine cenotes (sinkholes) from Quintana Roo, Mexico. Thirty-three surface sediment samples (upper 5 cm) were...
FIGURES
Journal Article
Ring of Cenotes (sinkholes), northwest Yucatan, Mexico: Its hydrogeologic characteristics and possible association with the Chicxulub impact crater Available to Purchase
Journal: Geology
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Published: 01 January 1995
Geology (1995) 23 (1): 17–20.
...Eugene Perry; Luis Marin; Jana McClain; Guadalupe Velazquez Abstract A 180-km-diameter semicircular band of abundant karst sinkholes (Ring of Cenotes) in northwest Yucatan, Mexico, coincides approximately with a concentric ring of the buried Chicxulub structure, a circular feature manifested...
Image
Figure 8. Graph of water conductivity (mS/cm 2 ) vs. distance (km) from coa... Available to Purchase
in Spaceborne imaging radar-C (SIR-C) observations of groundwater discharge and wetlands associated with the Chicxulub impact crater, northwestern Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico
> GSA Bulletin
Published: 01 March 2001
Figure 8. Graph of water conductivity (mS/cm 2 ) vs. distance (km) from coast for surface floodwaters (solid symbols) and wells or cenotes (open symbols). Triangles are from outside the Cenote Rings (Celestun, Chunchucmil, San Simon, and Tankuche transects). Circles are from inside the Cenote Rings
Journal Article
Geological and archaeological implications of strontium isotope analysis of exposed bedrock in the Chicxulub crater basin, northwestern Yucatán, Mexico Available to Purchase
Journal: Geology
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Published: 01 August 2009
Geology (2009) 37 (8): 723–726.
...) measurements in carbonate rock outcrops reveal near-uniform strontium signatures of 0.70905 inside the ring of cenotes (water-filled sinkholes), which represents the rim of the crater basin. Measured strontium isotope ratios were used to infer rock ages, employing the marine Sr isotope curve. We estimate...
FIGURES
Journal Article
Spaceborne imaging radar-C (SIR-C) observations of groundwater discharge and wetlands associated with the Chicxulub impact crater, northwestern Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico Available to Purchase
Journal: GSA Bulletin
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Published: 01 March 2001
GSA Bulletin (2001) 113 (3): 403–416.
...Figure 8. Graph of water conductivity (mS/cm 2 ) vs. distance (km) from coast for surface floodwaters (solid symbols) and wells or cenotes (open symbols). Triangles are from outside the Cenote Rings (Celestun, Chunchucmil, San Simon, and Tankuche transects). Circles are from inside the Cenote Rings...
FIGURES
Image
Map of the study area, Laguna Bacalar, which is located in southeastern Qui... Available to Purchase
in TEXTURAL AND GEOCHEMICAL FEATURES OF FRESHWATER MICROBIALITES FROM LAGUNA BACALAR, QUINTANA ROO, MEXICO
> PALAIOS
Published: 01 May 2014
Fig. 1.— Map of the study area, Laguna Bacalar, which is located in southeastern Quintana Roo, Mexico. x, sampling locations. Samples Bac 110113, Th-St1, and stromatolite were collected from location 1. Water samples were collected from various locations; the cenote samples come from location 2
Image
Map of cenote morphology with locations of surface sediment samples. Available to Purchase
in THECAMOEBIANS (TESTATE AMOEBAE) AND FORAMINIFERA FROM THREE ANCHIALINE CENOTES IN MEXICO: LOW SALINITY (1.5–4.5 psu) FAUNAL TRANSITIONS
> Journal of Foraminiferal Research
Published: 01 October 2008
F igure 3. Map of cenote morphology with locations of surface sediment samples.
Image
Average Shannon diversity index, salinity, dominant cenote of origin, depth... Available to Purchase
in THECAMOEBIANS (TESTATE AMOEBAE) AND FORAMINIFERA FROM THREE ANCHIALINE CENOTES IN MEXICO: LOW SALINITY (1.5–4.5 psu) FAUNAL TRANSITIONS
> Journal of Foraminiferal Research
Published: 01 October 2008
T able 2. Average Shannon diversity index, salinity, dominant cenote of origin, depth and relative abundance for each taxon in the four assemblages.
Image
Figure 1. Map of the northwestern Yucatan Peninsula showing the region cove... Available to Purchase
in Spaceborne imaging radar-C (SIR-C) observations of groundwater discharge and wetlands associated with the Chicxulub impact crater, northwestern Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico
> GSA Bulletin
Published: 01 March 2001
Figure 1. Map of the northwestern Yucatan Peninsula showing the region covered by the SIR-C radar imagery (area in shaded rectangle). Also shown are the locations of the major and minor Cenote Rings (shown with dotted lines). The location of the Cenote Rings approximately coincides
Image
Depth profiles of hydrologic variables (salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, tem... Available to Purchase
in THECAMOEBIANS (TESTATE AMOEBAE) AND FORAMINIFERA FROM THREE ANCHIALINE CENOTES IN MEXICO: LOW SALINITY (1.5–4.5 psu) FAUNAL TRANSITIONS
> Journal of Foraminiferal Research
Published: 01 October 2008
F igure 2. Depth profiles of hydrologic variables (salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature) through the aquifer at each cenote site. The shadowed region represents the halocline at the different locales.
Image
A ternary diagram showing the relative abundance of thecamoebians and foram... Available to Purchase
in THECAMOEBIANS (TESTATE AMOEBAE) AND FORAMINIFERA FROM THREE ANCHIALINE CENOTES IN MEXICO: LOW SALINITY (1.5–4.5 psu) FAUNAL TRANSITIONS
> Journal of Foraminiferal Research
Published: 01 October 2008
F igure 5. A ternary diagram showing the relative abundance of thecamoebians and foraminifera in the oligohaline cenote environment (<5 psu). The black arrow indicates the expected trajectory for assemblages under increasing salinity.
Image
Classification of coastal cave environments. On Caribbean terrestrial karst... Available to Purchase
in ECOLOGY OF FORAMINIFERA AND HABITAT VARIABILITY IN AN UNDERWATER CAVE: DISTINGUISHING ANCHIALINE VERSUS SUBMARINE CAVE ENVIRONMENTS
> Journal of Foraminiferal Research
Published: 01 July 2011
F igure 1. Classification of coastal cave environments. On Caribbean terrestrial karst terrain, sinkholes are commonly called cenotes in Mexico and blue holes in the Bahamas. Stalactites and stalagmites that formed during sea-level lowstands often decorate underwater caves.
Image
A Study sites. The coastline is marked by the thick black line, roads by m... Available to Purchase
in THECAMOEBIANS (TESTATE AMOEBAE) AND FORAMINIFERA FROM THREE ANCHIALINE CENOTES IN MEXICO: LOW SALINITY (1.5–4.5 psu) FAUNAL TRANSITIONS
> Journal of Foraminiferal Research
Published: 01 October 2008
F igure 1. A Study sites. The coastline is marked by the thick black line, roads by medium lines and topographic elevations by thin black lines. Note that this is not a complete list of local cenotes. B Idealized model of an anchialine karst system on the Yucatan Peninsula.
Image
Figure 9. Profiles of wet-season groundwater discharge zones 1–3 and their ... Available to Purchase
in Spaceborne imaging radar-C (SIR-C) observations of groundwater discharge and wetlands associated with the Chicxulub impact crater, northwestern Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico
> GSA Bulletin
Published: 01 March 2001
limited fresh-water flow through breaches in the aquitard (cenotes). Subsurface flows are indicated with large arrows. Both seaward flow of fresh water and the inland flow of saltwater, due to the rising tide, are shown (the reverse tidal flow is not shown). Pattern of vertically stacked “X's” marks
Image
Chicxulub meteorite impact as visible on gravity, magnetic data sets with r... Available to Purchase
Published: 15 December 2020
Figure 19. Chicxulub meteorite impact as visible on gravity, magnetic data sets with ring of sinkholes (cenotes) preserved in the shallow carbonate overburden, onshore Yucatan. Adapted from MBL Inc. (Mark Longacre, gravity and magnetics interpretation consultant), for Sierra Oil and Gas. UTM
Journal Article
Structural Influences on Facies Trends of Carbonate Inner Ramp Systems, Examples from the Kuwait-Saudi Arabian Coast of the Arabian Gulf and Norhtern Yucatan, Mexico Open Access
Journal: GeoArabia
Publisher: Gulf Petrolink
Published: 01 July 1999
GeoArabia (1999) 4 (3): 339–360.
... ( Pope etal., 1993 ). The central region is a very gentle karst plain, spotted with thousands of cenotes (sinkholes). The western region is dominated by a large depression, rimmed by a ring of cenotes and elevation changes caused by the Chicxulub impact crater ( Hildebrand etal., 1991 ; Pope etal., 1993...
FIGURES
Image
Figure 6. Maps of radar types (A) and systems (B) based on classification o... Available to Purchase
in Spaceborne imaging radar-C (SIR-C) observations of groundwater discharge and wetlands associated with the Chicxulub impact crater, northwestern Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico
> GSA Bulletin
Published: 01 March 2001
—crater rim (and major Cenote Ring); C—the location of the minor Cenote Ring, which may correlate with the crater outer ring; D—the crater exterior ring. Both A and B show extensive flooding associated with crater rim and rings noted above.
Journal Article
Surface expression of the Chicxulub crater Available to Purchase
Journal: Geology
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Published: 01 June 1996
Geology (1996) 24 (6): 527–530.
... is an ∼ 83-km-radius trough or moat containing sinkholes (the Cenote ring). Early Tertiary surfaces rise abruptly outside the moat and form a stepped topography with an outer trough and ridge crest at radii of ∼103 and ∼ 129 km, respectively. Two discontinuous troughs lie within the moat at radii of ∼ 41...
Journal Article
Water chemistry and CaCO 3 dissolution in the saline part of an open-flow mixing zone, coastal Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico Available to Purchase
Journal: GSA Bulletin
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Published: 01 February 1989
GSA Bulletin (1989) 101 (2): 159–169.
...R. K. STOESSELL; W. C. WARD; B. H. FORD; J. D. SCHUFFERT Abstract Along the Caribbean coast of the Yucatan Peninsula, brackish ground water (mixed fresh water and sea water) is channeled through upper Pleistocene limestone via fracture-controlled caverns. In caves, cenotes, and caletas at Xcaret...
Journal Article
Culver, D. C. & White, W. B. (eds) 2004. Encyclopedia of Caves .: xx+654 pp. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Price £65.00, US $99.50 (hard covers). ISBN 0 12 198651 9. Available to Purchase
Journal: Geological Magazine
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Published: 01 July 2005
Geological Magazine (2005) 142 (4): 458–459.
...Trevor D. Ford © 2005 Cambridge University Press 2005 Many important cave systems are omitted, including the 190 km long Holloch cave system in Switzerland and the other major cave systems in Western Europe. The submerged caves and cenotes of the Yucatan peninsula in Mexico get only one...
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