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bromalites

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Journal Article

TAPHONOMY AND BIOLOGICAL AFFINITY OF THREE-DIMENSIONALLY PHOSPHATIZED BROMALITES FROM THE MIDDLE ORDOVICIAN WINNESHIEK LAGERSTÄTTE, NORTHEASTERN IOWA, USA Available to Purchase

ANDREW D. HAWKINS, HUAIBAO P. LIU, DEREK E. G. BRIGGS, A D. MUSCENTE, ROBERT M. MCKAY, BRIAN J. WITZKE, SHUHAI XIAO
Journal: PALAIOS
Published: 09 January 2018
PALAIOS (2018) 33 (1): 1–15.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2110/palo.2017.053
... fauna including phyllocarid crustaceans, eurypterids, conodonts, linguloid brachiopods, and jawless fish. Associated with these taxa are vermiform fossils: elongate, morphologically variable, and often three-dimensionally preserved bromalites of uncertain organisms. The preservational state...
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View PDF for article title, TAPHONOMY AND BIOLOGICAL AFFINITY OF THREE-DIMENSIONALLY PHOSPHATIZED <span class="search-highlight">BROMALITES</span> FROM THE MIDDLE ORDOVICIAN WINNESHIEK LAGERSTÄTTE, NORTHEASTERN IOWA, USA
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Journal Article

DISTINGUISHING REGURGITALITES AND COPROLITES: A CASE STUDY USING A TRIASSIC BROMALITE WITH SOFT TISSUE OF THE PSEUDOSUCHIAN ARCHOSAUR REVUELTOSAURUS Available to Purchase

CALEB M. GORDON, BRIAN T. ROACH, WILLIAM G. PARKER, DEREK E. G. BRIGGS
Journal: PALAIOS
Published: 17 March 2020
PALAIOS (2020) 35 (3): 111–121.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2110/palo.2019.099
... of which occur in the Owl Rock Member. We offer an identification key to assist in distinguishing between different types of digestive remains produced by vertebrate carnivores. Misinterpretation of the type of a given bromalite can distort paleoecological inferences about diet and digestive physiology...
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View PDF for article title, DISTINGUISHING REGURGITALITES AND COPROLITES: A CASE STUDY USING A TRIASSIC <span class="search-highlight">BROMALITE</span> WITH SOFT TISSUE OF THE PSEUDOSUCHIAN ARCHOSAUR REVUELTOSAURUS
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Reflected light images (A–M) and BSE image (N) of bromalites. A) Specimen exhibiting a tapered neck feature: SUI 145144 (WL61). B) Possible additional specimen with a tapered neck structure: SUI 145145 (WS18-264). C, D) Specimens exhibiting a coiled morphology: SUI 145146 (WS11-434) and 145147 (WL140), respectively. E) Specimen with irregularly folded structures: SUI 145148 (WS16-541). F) Carbonaceous compression specimen: SUI 145149 (WL55). G, H) Specimens in transverse cross-section: SUI 145150 (WL90) and SUI 145151 (WS10-242), respectively. I) Specimen showing apparent branching structure that could be a taphonomic artifact: SUI 145152 (WL53). J, K) Partially pyritized bromalites: SUI 145153 (WS13-503) and SUI 145154 (WS14-104), respectively. L) Bromalite that is partially phosphatized (white arrow) and partially preserved as a carbonaceous compression (black arrow): SUI 145173. M) Rod-shaped bromalite: SUI 145140. N) BSE image of a partial longitudinal cross-section of (M), showing transverse ‘segmentation' structures. The specimen is replicated by phosphate (darker color; white arrow) and sphalerite (brighter color; black arrow). The identification of sphalerite has been confirmed by EDS data.

Reflected light images (A–M) and BSE image (N) of bromalites. A ) Specimen... Available to Purchase

Published: 09 January 2018
Fig. 3.— Reflected light images (A–M) and BSE image (N) of bromalites. A ) Specimen exhibiting a tapered neck feature: SUI 145144 (WL61). B ) Possible additional specimen with a tapered neck structure: SUI 145145 (WS18-264). C , D ) Specimens exhibiting a coiled morphology: SUI 145146 (WS11
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Reflected light images of bromalites. A–C) Densely corrugated rod-like specimens: SUI 145155 (WL8), SUI 145156 (WS14-417), SUI 145157 (WS14-559), respectively. D, E) Densely corrugated and compressed specimens: SUI 145158 (WS14-549) and SUI 145159 (WS14-519), respectively. F, G) Unsculpted and compressed specimens: SUI 145160 (WL115) and SUI 145161 (WL119), respectively. H–J) Unsculpted rod-like specimens: SUI 145162 (WS9-148), SUI 145163 (WS14-548), and SUI 145164 (WL31), respectively. K–N) Specimens defined by concentration of quartz sand: SUI 145165 (WL99), SUI 145166 (WL182), SUI 145167 (WS10-200), and SUI 14568 (WS14-229), respectively. O–Q) Specimen exhibiting morphological variation along its length and containing conodont elements: SUI 145169 (WL95).

Reflected light images of bromalites. A – C ) Densely corrugated rod-like ... Available to Purchase

Published: 09 January 2018
Fig. 4.— Reflected light images of bromalites. A – C ) Densely corrugated rod-like specimens: SUI 145155 (WL8), SUI 145156 (WS14-417), SUI 145157 (WS14-559), respectively. D , E ) Densely corrugated and compressed specimens: SUI 145158 (WS14-549) and SUI 145159 (WS14-519), respectively. F
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Results of microprobe analysis of Winneshiek bromalites and shale matrix. T... Available to Purchase

Published: 09 January 2018
Table 1.— Results of microprobe analysis of Winneshiek bromalites and shale matrix. The top and bottom specimens are illustrated in Figure 9 A.
Image
Reflected light images of bromalites exhibiting evidence of deformation or liquefaction. A) SUI 145170 (WS14-310). B) SUI 145171 (WS11-472). C) SUI 145172 (WL28).

Reflected light images of bromalites exhibiting evidence of deformation or ... Available to Purchase

Published: 09 January 2018
Fig. 5.— Reflected light images of bromalites exhibiting evidence of deformation or liquefaction. A ) SUI 145170 (WS14-310). B ) SUI 145171 (WS11-472). C ) SUI 145172 (WL28).
Journal Article

SIGNIFICANCE OF A SMALL REGURGITALITE CONTAINING LISSAMPHIBIAN BONES, FROM THE MORRISON FORMATION (UPPER JURASSIC), WITHIN A DIVERSE PLANT LOCALITY DEPOSIT IN SOUTHEASTERN UTAH, USA Available to Purchase

JOHN R. FOSTER, ADRIAN P. HUNT, JAMES I. KIRKLAND
Journal: PALAIOS
Published: 25 August 2022
PALAIOS (2022) 37 (8): 433–442.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2110/palo.2021.058
...JOHN R. FOSTER; ADRIAN P. HUNT; JAMES I. KIRKLAND Abstract A new specimen from a plant locality in the Morrison Formation of southeastern Utah exhibits characters suggestive of a small bromalite, possibly from a fish or semi-aquatic mammal. The specimen consists of a cluster of small bones, most...
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View PDF for article title, SIGNIFICANCE OF A SMALL REGURGITALITE CONTAINING LISSAMPHIBIAN BONES, FROM THE MORRISON FORMATION (UPPER JURASSIC), WITHIN A DIVERSE PLANT LOCALITY DEPOSIT IN SOUTHEASTERN UTAH, USA
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Stratigraphic distribution of Triassic and Jurassic bromalite ichnogenera (from Hunt and Lucas 2021).

Stratigraphic distribution of Triassic and Jurassic bromalite ichnogenera (... Available to Purchase

Published: 06 July 2023
Fig. 13 Stratigraphic distribution of Triassic and Jurassic bromalite ichnogenera (from Hunt and Lucas 2021 ).
Journal Article

The Winneshiek biota: exceptionally well-preserved fossils in a Middle Ordovician impact crater Open Access

Derek E.G. Briggs, Huaibao P. Liu, Robert M. McKay, Brian J. Witzke
Published: 24 September 2018
Journal of the Geological Society (2018) 175 (6): 865–874.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs2018-101
..., a giant form, as well as a new basal chelicerate and the earliest ceratiocarid phyllocarid. Conodonts, some of giant size, occur as bedding plane assemblages. Bromalites and rarer elements, including a linguloid brachiopod and a probable jawless fish, are also present. Similar fossils occur in the coeval...
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View PDF for article title, The Winneshiek biota: exceptionally well-preserved fossils in a Middle Ordovician impact crater
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Aggregate of Revueltosaurus bones, PEFO 38010. A) Upper and lower sides, with inset highlighting section in panel F. B–D) Selected bone elements suggesting bromalite status: B) Bones of different sizes packed together. C) Elements aligned about their long axes. D) Semi-articulated elements. E) Revueltosaurus tooth. F) Arrows indicate bone (white), matrix adjacent to bone (pink), and mudstone. See text for further explanation.

Aggregate of Revueltosaurus bones, PEFO 38010. A ) Upper and lower sides... Available to Purchase

Published: 17 March 2020
Fig. 2.— Aggregate of Revueltosaurus bones, PEFO 38010. A ) Upper and lower sides, with inset highlighting section in panel F. B – D ) Selected bone elements suggesting bromalite status: B) Bones of different sizes packed together. C) Elements aligned about their long axes. D) Semi
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SEM images of microspherules in specimen SUI 145143 (also illustrated in Fig. 9, bottom specimen). A) Transverse section of a bromalite exposed during thin section preparation. Labeled boxes mark areas magnified in (B–F). Labeled boxes in (B–F) mark individual microspherules shown in (G–N). Microspherules in (K–L) were imaged in secondary electron mode, while all other SEM pictures were taken in BSE mode. Scale bars in (G–N) = 2 μm.

SEM images of microspherules in specimen SUI 145143 (also illustrated in F... Available to Purchase

Published: 09 January 2018
Fig. 10.— SEM images of microspherules in specimen SUI 145143 (also illustrated in Fig. 9 , bottom specimen). A ) Transverse section of a bromalite exposed during thin section preparation. Labeled boxes mark areas magnified in (B–F). Labeled boxes in (B–F) mark individual microspherules shown
Image
Photo of Jurassic Salad Bar locality with level of bromalite specimen among abundant plant material at approximately the 4.8 m level of the accompanying stratigraphic section (red arrow; locality Sa1212). Site is approximately 50 m below the Morrison-Burro Canyon contact; section base shown here is an arbitrary level relative to local outcrop. Sa 1134 indicates a lower level with abundant plant debris, wood, and bone fragments. Inset shows location of the Jurassic Salad Bar site in southeastern Utah and relative to Morrison Formation outcrop of the Four Corners region of the Southwest.

Photo of Jurassic Salad Bar locality with level of bromalite specimen among... Available to Purchase

Published: 25 August 2022
Fig. 1. Photo of Jurassic Salad Bar locality with level of bromalite specimen among abundant plant material at approximately the 4.8 m level of the accompanying stratigraphic section (red arrow; locality Sa1212). Site is approximately 50 m below the Morrison-Burro Canyon contact; section base
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Examples of different types and details of fossil preservation. (a) Colourized scanning electron microscopy image of stomata in Weichselia preserved as carbonaceous remains. (b) Conchostracan shell preserving a cuticle. (c) Kalingrammatid neuropteran wing showing the venation preserved as an imprint. (d) 3D bivalve mould with details of growth lines. (e) 3D mould of gastropod. (f) Dipteran larvae preserving soft tissue (phosphatized). (g) Typical teleostean fish skeleton with a bromalite preserved just above the pelvic fin (arrow) (phosphatized). (h) Carbonized impression of the fern Onychiopsis. (i) Feather with barbs showing a rare yellow preservation.

Examples of different types and details of fossil preservation. ( a ) Colou... Available to Purchase

Published: 03 April 2023
preserved as an imprint. ( d ) 3D bivalve mould with details of growth lines. ( e ) 3D mould of gastropod. ( f ) Dipteran larvae preserving soft tissue (phosphatized). ( g ) Typical teleostean fish skeleton with a bromalite preserved just above the pelvic fin (arrow) (phosphatized). ( h ) Carbonized
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Identification key for distinguishing different types of digestive remains produced by vertebrate carnivores. Bromalites are identified by the biotic packing or sub-parallel alignment of their bones, or their association with the remains of a predator (in the case of consumulites). Coprolites are usually distinguished by a characteristic shape, particular digestive wear patterns, or high concentrations of phosphate. Regurgitalites are distinguished by the absence of these factors, or the presence of highly digestible soft tissue. Taxonomic factors of relevance include gut retention time, gastric pH, and intestinal digestive enzymes, which may vary across taxa. This key may facilitate the identification of regurgitalites, but no individual line of evidence is definitive.

Identification key for distinguishing different types of digestive remains ... Available to Purchase

Published: 17 March 2020
Fig. 6.— Identification key for distinguishing different types of digestive remains produced by vertebrate carnivores. Bromalites are identified by the biotic packing or sub-parallel alignment of their bones, or their association with the remains of a predator (in the case of consumulites
Journal Article

COPROLITES IN THE RAVENS THROAT RIVER LAGERSTÄTTE OF NORTHWESTERN CANADA: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE MIDDLE CAMBRIAN FOOD WEB Available to Purchase

JULIEN KIMMIG, BRIAN R. PRATT
Journal: PALAIOS
Published: 03 April 2018
PALAIOS (2018) 33 (4): 125–140.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2110/palo.2017.038
... to a family of features termed bromalites, which are the fossilized remains sourced from an animal's digestive system ( Hunt 1992 ). Other kinds of bromalites include cololites, which are intestinal contents, gastrolites, which are stomach contents, and regurgitites (or regurgitalites), which consist...
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View PDF for article title, COPROLITES IN THE RAVENS THROAT RIVER LAGERSTÄTTE OF NORTHWESTERN CANADA: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE MIDDLE CAMBRIAN FOOD WEB
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Journal Article

LATE TRIASSIC DUROPHAGY AND THE ORIGIN OF THE MESOZOIC MARINE REVOLUTION Available to Purchase

LYDIA S. TACKETT
Journal: PALAIOS
Published: 01 April 2016
PALAIOS (2016) 31 (4): 122–124.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2110/palo.2016.003
... D. 2012 , Bromalites from the Middle Triassic of Poland and the rise of the Mesozoic Marine Revolution : Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology , v. 321-322, p. 142 – 150 , doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.01.029...
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Other fossils from the Winneshiek biota. (a, b) Bedding plane apparatuses of the conodont Archeognathus primus. (a) Dorso-ventral view (SUI 102853). (b) Oblique view (SUI 139882). (c) Complete, but slightly disturbed, apparatus of the conodont Iowagnathus grandis (SUI 139888). (d) Fragment, probably anterior left, of undescribed bilaterally symmetrical vertebrate plate with anterior to right in the figure (SUI 102856). (e–h) Bromalites. (e) Corrugated rod-like form (SUI 145155). (f) Smoother rod-like form (SUI 145164). (g) Variable form (SUI 145169). (h) Form with concentrated quartz sand (SUI 145166). (a–c) From Liu et al. (2017), reproduced with permission; (d) from Liu et al. (2006); (e–h) after Hawkins et al. (2018, fig. 4).

Other fossils from the Winneshiek biota. ( a , b ) Bedding plane apparatus... Open Access

Published: 24 September 2018
). ( d ) Fragment, probably anterior left, of undescribed bilaterally symmetrical vertebrate plate with anterior to right in the figure (SUI 102856). ( e – h ) Bromalites. ( e ) Corrugated rod-like form (SUI 145155). ( f ) Smoother rod-like form (SUI 145164). ( g ) Variable form (SUI 145169). ( h ) Form
Journal Article

The late Ordovician Soom Shale Lagerstätte: an extraordinary post-glacial fossil and sedimentary record Open Access

Sarah E. Gabbott, Claire Browning, Johannes N. Theron, Rowan J. Whittle
Published: 20 October 2016
Journal of the Geological Society (2017) 174 (1): 1–9.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs2016-076
...-water setting precluded them. Five categories of bromalite have been identified from the deposit based on shape, content and internal structure ( Aldridge et al. 2006 ). The presence of crushed discinoid valves in several bromalite occurrences demonstrates that an effective durophagous predator...
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View PDF for article title, The late Ordovician Soom Shale Lagerstätte: an extraordinary post-glacial fossil and sedimentary record
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Journal Article

BRACHIOPODA FROM THE SOOM SHALE LAGERSTÄTTE (UPPER ORDOVICIAN, SOUTH AFRICA) Available to Purchase

MICHAEL G. BASSETT, LEONID E. POPOV, RICHARD J. ALDRIDGE, SARAH E. GABBOTT, JOHANNES N. THERON
Published: 01 July 2009
Journal of Paleontology (2009) 83 (4): 614–623.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1666/08-136.1
... specimens within the bromalites produced by durophagous predators ( Aldridge et al., 2006 ). Brachiopods from the overlying Disa Member of the Cedarberg Formation were reviewed and described by Cocks et al. (1970) and Cocks and Fortey (1986) ; see also Rong and Harper (1988, p. 388) . We have also...
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View PDF for article title, BRACHIOPODA FROM THE SOOM SHALE LAGERSTÄTTE (UPPER ORDOVICIAN, SOUTH AFRICA)
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LAURUSSIAN-ASPECT OF THE COPROLITE ASSOCIATION FROM THE UPPER TRIASSIC (CARNIAN) OF THE ARGANA BASIN, MOROCCO Available to Purchase

TARIQ ZOUHEIR, ADRIAN P. HUNT, ABDELKBIR HMINNA, HAFID SABER, JOERG W. SCHNEIDER, SPENCER G. LUCAS
Journal: PALAIOS
Published: 06 July 2023
PALAIOS (2023) 38 (6): 281–303.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2110/palo.2022.022
...Fig. 13 Stratigraphic distribution of Triassic and Jurassic bromalite ichnogenera (from Hunt and Lucas 2021 ). ...
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View PDF for article title, LAURUSSIAN-ASPECT OF THE COPROLITE ASSOCIATION FROM THE UPPER TRIASSIC (CARNIAN) OF THE ARGANA BASIN, MOROCCO
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