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blocky breakage

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Series: GSA Engineering Geology Case Histories
Published: 01 January 1963
DOI: 10.1130/Eng-Case-4.27
EISBN: 9780813759296
... of hornblende-mica schist, granodiorite, and granite pegmatites. The most important influence on rock breakage was three major joint sets and the normal faults encountered in tunnel 1. Adverse geologic conditions required the following remedial treatment: (1) portal structures at all six portals; (2...
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Units of breccia and conglomerate in volcaniclastic units of the distal facies of the Onverwacht Group. (A) Breccia showing in situ breakage of large clast near center, abundant finer angular clasts, and some rounded clasts indicating abrasion during transport. Hooggenoeg Formation, Middle Marker (H1c). (B) Breccia showing in situ fragmentation of hydroplastic volcaniclastic ash. Hooggenoeg Formation (H3c). (C) Fine silicified komatiitic ash showing postdepositional growth of small blocky crystals (dark gray), now replaced by silica, and partial brecciation to form crosscutting silica-filled dikes. Hooggenoeg Formation, Middle Marker (H1c). (D) Field photo of silicified komatiitic ash (bottom) overlain by black carbonaceous chert. The contact is marked by a layer of monomict ash-clast conglomerate/breccia formed by erosion of the underlying ash layer.
Published: 03 July 2024
Figure 8. Units of breccia and conglomerate in volcaniclastic units of the distal facies of the Onverwacht Group. (A) Breccia showing in situ breakage of large clast near center, abundant finer angular clasts, and some rounded clasts indicating abrasion during transport. Hooggenoeg Formation
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Photographs and photomicrographs of the low-amplitude wavy bedding (F5) at the Macanudo Sur Outcrop. All vertical section views; samples are dominantly composed of carbonate except for the silicified carbonate of (a). (a) Silicified upper portion of an outcrop, displaying pseudosinter texture; lenticular to blocky cavities (black) are surface-only features (i.e. weathering). (b) Hand sample slab showing thick laminae and thin beds forming wavy laminated carbonate. No primary or secondary porosity is evident (such as the two void types illustrated in Fig. 6), but rather the cavities in this sample (black empty spaces) formed from physical breakage associated with weathering of the outcrop. (c) Detail of the thick wavy lamination under the microscope. (d) Poorly preserved remnants of stromatolitic texture (dark, digitate morphology in micrite) in the wavy laminated facies. (e) Well-preserved, clotted and slightly wavy laminated, micritic fabric in F5, inferred as a microbial laminite. (f) Thin-section of a well-preserved, calcareous stromatolite horizon in F5. (g) Portion of the branching stromatolite in (f), comprising laminated micrite (dark reddish brown) with minor Fe, Mn, Mg, K and Si (Fig. 10d), encased in translucent bladed aragonite. Pen for scale is 13 cm long.
Published: 23 June 2017
texture; lenticular to blocky cavities (black) are surface-only features (i.e. weathering). (b) Hand sample slab showing thick laminae and thin beds forming wavy laminated carbonate. No primary or secondary porosity is evident (such as the two void types illustrated in Fig. 6 ), but rather the cavities
Journal Article
Published: 01 June 2000
Russ. Geol. Geophys. (2000) 41 (6): 785–791.
... proposed for estimating the degree of crustal breakage, which made a basis for the respective mapping of the Primorsky Fault zone. Fig. 1. Map of faults in Primorsky Fault zone. 1 – faults expressed in surface topography; 2 – breakage zones; 3 – Neogene deposits; 4–6 – Quaternary fluvial...
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Journal Article
Published: 15 September 2020
Environmental Geosciences (2020) 27 (3): 117–141.
..., 2008 ). The worst case occurs when the pipe is affected by pure compression, whereas in the case of tension, steel pipes with welded joints can distribute lengthening over hundreds of meters, thus minimizing localized stresses. According to O’Rourke and Liu (1999) , pipeline breakage can occur...
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Journal Article
Published: 01 November 2012
Journal of Sedimentary Research (2012) 82 (11): 871–888.
... to 29.5%. Breakage is accommodated via minor crystal or grain fractures, typically on the order of hundreds of µm in length and no more than 20 µm in width. There is minor to no offset of fractured components. The full extent of minor early fracturing is most evident in CL as fine fracture...
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Journal Article
Published: 01 January 2005
Environmental & Engineering Geoscience (2005) 11 (1): 17–27.
.... Selective breakage along these last three sets (4–6) was responsible for the distinctly triangular shape of the chin and upper lip blocks ( Figure 4 ) which, as will be discussed later, were critical to the support mechanism of the Profile. Set 7, which was not directly part of the Profile, included...
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Journal Article
Published: 16 September 2015
Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology (2015) 48 (3-4): 163–166.
... that have no obvious source in the cement ( Fig. 5 ). These were probably derived by breakage of older coatings of the fracture. In several areas, the debris also includes concentrically laminated ooids ( Fig. 6 ) with a well-defined radial-fibrous structure, indicated by a black extinction cross under...
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Journal Article
Published: 01 September 2005
Journal of Sedimentary Research (2005) 75 (5): 784–797.
.... 2004 ) and the depositional areas within the affected region, the latter divided, in turn, into the proximal, blocky intermediate, and distal depositional areas ( Fig. 2 ). The scar area includes the main headwall, located between 600 and 1,230 m of water depth, with a total length of ~ 20 km...
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Journal Article
Published: 01 March 2001
Journal of Paleontology (2001) 75 (2): 401–406.
... in close association to the tyrannosaurid bones and the absence of other bones away from the tyrannosaurid carcass. Scale bar equals 1 m All tyrannosaurid and hadrosaur bones lie horizontally within a 20 cm thick blocky, green claystone with occasional calcitic nodules and vertical to subvertical...
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Journal Article
Journal: Geology
Published: 01 February 2016
Geology (2016) 44 (2): 119–122.
... features ( Figs. 2B–2D ). The more prominent are thick argillic horizons showing distinct ped structure and micromorphology. Paleosols present a surface A horizon, 0.4 m thick, consisting of dark-red (5R2/6) clayey sandstone with platy or blocky peds and common rhizoliths; and a subsurface Bt horizon, 1.1...
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Journal Article
Journal: GSA Bulletin
Published: 01 May 2016
GSA Bulletin (2016) 128 (5-6): 792–806.
... in any beds in the upper section at Okmok. It is important to note that Cioni et al. (2014) defined blocky grains as having low vesicularity—the more vesicular clasts were separated based upon their vesicularity rather than upon the breakage style (breakage of a vesicular clast by any process...
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Journal Article
Published: 20 April 2022
Journal of Foraminiferal Research (2022) 52 (2): 108–119.
... whorl either a breakage in the spirotheca or, more frequently, a displacement without breakage ( Figs. 4.10 – 4.14 ). Obviously, this deformation occurs at a plane of weakness, since it coincides with the tunnel path and the interruption of the chomata deposits. Such deformation suggests a shortening...
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Journal Article
Published: 01 March 2014
Jour. Geol. Soc. India (2014) 83 (3): 311–328.
... Iran Large crystals of blocky calcite cements are commonly present in high energy microfacies such as bioclast grainstones and ooid-intraclast grainstones. Blocky crystals have various sizes (300-500 micron) and fill the spaces between the grains, pores and veins ( Fig. 3C , Fig. 3A , B...
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Journal Article
Journal: PALAIOS
Published: 01 October 2006
PALAIOS (2006) 21 (5): 466–479.
... chondrichthyan teeth, display abrasion and breakage that suggests significant transport prior to burial. Invertebrates associated with the vertebrate specimens include crinoids, brachiopods, and bryozoans, which are always disarticulated and tightly packed, sometimes broken, but not abraded, and have...
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Journal Article
Journal: PALAIOS
Published: 01 September 2009
PALAIOS (2009) 24 (9): 553–567.
... pantolestid, and one apatothere. Surface modifications (i.e., etching, breakage, splitting, and impact marks) occur on bone, enamel, and dentine. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of surface modifications of each individual taxon resulted in recognition of several taphonomic agents. Predation of two...
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Journal Article
Published: 01 February 2004
Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology (2004) 37 (1): 61–72.
... of the sub-horizontal discontinuities was generally less than 50 mm, giving rise to tabular blocks of flaggy chalk (see Fig. 5a ). The fracture-block system was found to be loose within the top 2 m, such that blocks of chalk could easily be removed from excavations without breakage. Below 1 m depth...
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Journal Article
Published: 01 December 2018
Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology (2018) 66 (4): 773–802.
... and modification of porosity in these reservoirs. Other associated diagenetic processes during early and late burial history include compaction, recrystallization of early matrix dolomite, precipitation of secondary anhydrite, blocky calcite, saddle dolomite and thermal sulphate reduction (TSR)-related diagenetic...
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Journal Article
Published: 01 February 2016
Jour. Geol. Soc. India (2016) 87 (2): 145–152.
...P. Jain; A. K. Naithani; T. N. Singh Abstract: The competency of any TBM in any geological condition is determined by a rock or rock mass breakage process. A 12.24 km long tunnel between Maroshi and Ruparel College was excavated by Brihanmumbai municipal corporation (BMC) to improve water supply...
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Journal Article
Published: 01 February 2005
American Mineralogist (2005) 90 (2-3): 502–505.
... needles as quench material. The third type of product rutile was blocky, equant to prismatic, brownish to blue crystals. These grains grew in some, but not all experiments. They formed at the ends of the outer capsules, which were the coldest spots during experiments. They typically occur...
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