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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Africa
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Kansas City Missouri (1)
-
Polk County Missouri (1)
-
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Saint Louis County Missouri (2)
-
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-
-
Missouri River (1)
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-
Montana
-
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-
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-
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-
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-
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-
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-
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-
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Nebraska
-
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-
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Nevada
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New Mexico
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Eddy County New Mexico
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Lechuguilla Cave (1)
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New York
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South Dakota
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Southwestern U.S. (5)
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Tennessee
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Texas
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Truckee River (1)
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USSR (1)
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commodities
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aggregate (16)
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brines (21)
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lead ores (32)
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palladium ores (1)
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polymetallic ores (15)
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zinc ores (35)
-
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mineral deposits, genesis (124)
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ruby (1)
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tight sands (1)
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water resources (17)
-
-
elements, isotopes
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boron
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B-11/B-10 (4)
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carbon
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C-12 (1)
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C-13 (13)
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C-13/C-12 (619)
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C-14 (66)
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C-14/C-12 (2)
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organic carbon (178)
-
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chemical elements (13)
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chemical ratios (41)
-
halogens
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bromine
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bromide ion (3)
-
-
chlorine
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chloride ion (10)
-
Cl-36 (4)
-
Cl-37/Cl-35 (3)
-
-
fluorine
-
fluoride ion (2)
-
-
iodine
-
I-129 (2)
-
-
-
hydrogen
-
D/H (55)
-
deuterium (13)
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tritium (6)
-
-
isotope ratios (923)
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
Al-26 (1)
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Am-241 (1)
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Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
-
Be-10 (10)
-
Be-10/Be-9 (1)
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Be-7 (2)
-
C-14 (66)
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C-14/C-12 (2)
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Cl-36 (4)
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Co-60 (1)
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Cs-137 (11)
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Fe-60 (1)
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I-129 (2)
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Mn-53 (1)
-
Os-187/Os-186 (1)
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Pa-231 (2)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (3)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (3)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (2)
-
Pb-210 (21)
-
Po-210 (2)
-
Ra-224 (1)
-
Ra-226 (6)
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (2)
-
Re-187/Os-188 (3)
-
Rn-222 (4)
-
Ru-106 (1)
-
Sr-90 (1)
-
Th-230 (5)
-
Th-232/Th-230 (1)
-
Th-234 (2)
-
tritium (6)
-
U-234 (1)
-
U-238 (9)
-
U-238/U-234 (6)
-
U-238/U-235 (7)
-
Zn-65 (2)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
Ar-36 (1)
-
Ar-40 (1)
-
Ar-40/Ar-36 (1)
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
-
B-11/B-10 (4)
-
Be-10/Be-9 (1)
-
C-12 (1)
-
C-13 (13)
-
C-13/C-12 (619)
-
C-14/C-12 (2)
-
Ca-44 (1)
-
Ca-44/Ca-40 (14)
-
Cl-37/Cl-35 (3)
-
Cr-53/Cr-52 (6)
-
Cu-65 (1)
-
D/H (55)
-
deuterium (13)
-
Fe-54 (3)
-
Fe-56 (8)
-
Fe-56/Fe-54 (20)
-
Fe-57 (4)
-
Fe-57/Fe-54 (2)
-
He-3 (3)
-
He-4 (2)
-
He-4/He-3 (2)
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (4)
-
Li-6 (1)
-
Li-7 (1)
-
Li-7/Li-6 (1)
-
Mg-25/Mg-24 (1)
-
Mg-26/Mg-24 (7)
-
N-15 (4)
-
N-15/N-14 (74)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (22)
-
Ne-20 (1)
-
Ne-21 (1)
-
Ne-22/Ne-21 (1)
-
Ni-60 (2)
-
O-17 (3)
-
O-17/O-16 (15)
-
O-18 (3)
-
O-18/O-16 (339)
-
Os-187/Os-186 (1)
-
Os-188/Os-187 (13)
-
Pb-206 (1)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (3)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (3)
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (3)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (2)
-
Pb-208/Pb-206 (2)
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (2)
-
Re-187/Os-188 (3)
-
S-32 (2)
-
S-33 (3)
-
S-33/S-32 (17)
-
S-34 (4)
-
S-34/S-32 (130)
-
S-36 (2)
-
Si-29/Si-28 (1)
-
Si-30 (1)
-
Si-30/Si-28 (4)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (80)
-
Xe-136/Xe-130 (1)
-
Zn-66 (1)
-
-
-
large-ion lithophile elements (2)
-
Lu/Hf (2)
-
metals
-
actinides
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americium
-
Am-241 (1)
-
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curium (1)
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neptunium (2)
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plutonium (4)
-
protactinium
-
Pa-231 (2)
-
-
thorium
-
Th-230 (5)
-
Th-232/Th-230 (1)
-
Th-234 (2)
-
-
uranium
-
U-234 (1)
-
U-238 (9)
-
U-238/U-234 (6)
-
U-238/U-235 (7)
-
-
-
alkali metals
-
cesium
-
Cs-137 (11)
-
-
lithium
-
Li-6 (1)
-
Li-7 (1)
-
Li-7/Li-6 (1)
-
-
potassium (11)
-
rubidium
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (2)
-
-
sodium (5)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
barium
-
Ba/Ca (2)
-
-
beryllium
-
Be-10 (10)
-
Be-10/Be-9 (1)
-
Be-7 (2)
-
-
calcium
-
Ba/Ca (2)
-
Ca-44 (1)
-
Ca-44/Ca-40 (14)
-
Mg/Ca (19)
-
Sr/Ca (9)
-
-
magnesium
-
Mg/Ca (19)
-
Mg-25/Mg-24 (1)
-
Mg-26/Mg-24 (7)
-
-
radium
-
Ra-224 (1)
-
Ra-226 (6)
-
-
strontium
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (2)
-
Sr/Ca (9)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (80)
-
Sr-90 (1)
-
-
-
aluminum
-
Al-26 (1)
-
-
antimony (11)
-
arsenic (69)
-
bismuth (1)
-
cadmium (20)
-
chromium
-
Cr-53/Cr-52 (6)
-
-
cobalt
-
Co-60 (1)
-
-
copper
-
Cu-65 (1)
-
-
gallium (1)
-
germanium (3)
-
gold (22)
-
hafnium
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (4)
-
-
indium (2)
-
iron
-
Fe-54 (3)
-
Fe-56 (8)
-
Fe-56/Fe-54 (20)
-
Fe-57 (4)
-
Fe-57/Fe-54 (2)
-
Fe-60 (1)
-
ferric iron (41)
-
ferrous iron (31)
-
-
lead
-
Pb-206 (1)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (3)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (3)
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (3)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (2)
-
Pb-208/Pb-206 (2)
-
Pb-210 (21)
-
-
manganese
-
Mn-53 (1)
-
-
mercury (62)
-
molybdenum (35)
-
nickel
-
Ni-60 (2)
-
-
niobium (3)
-
platinum group
-
iridium (5)
-
osmium
-
Os-187/Os-186 (1)
-
Os-188/Os-187 (13)
-
Re-187/Os-188 (3)
-
-
palladium (7)
-
palladium ores (1)
-
platinum (5)
-
platinum ores (12)
-
rhodium (2)
-
ruthenium
-
Ru-106 (1)
-
-
-
polonium
-
Po-210 (2)
-
-
precious metals (3)
-
rare earths
-
cerium (12)
-
europium (6)
-
gadolinium (2)
-
lanthanum (2)
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (22)
-
-
scandium (2)
-
ytterbium (2)
-
yttrium (7)
-
-
rhenium
-
Re-187/Os-188 (3)
-
-
silver (9)
-
technetium (4)
-
thallium (5)
-
tin (3)
-
titanium (14)
-
tungsten (2)
-
vanadium (9)
-
zinc
-
Zn-65 (2)
-
Zn-66 (1)
-
-
zirconium (5)
-
-
nitrogen
-
N-15 (4)
-
N-15/N-14 (74)
-
organic nitrogen (9)
-
-
noble gases
-
argon
-
Ar-36 (1)
-
Ar-40 (1)
-
Ar-40/Ar-36 (1)
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
-
-
helium
-
He-3 (3)
-
He-4 (2)
-
He-4/He-3 (2)
-
-
krypton (2)
-
neon
-
Ne-20 (1)
-
Ne-21 (1)
-
Ne-22/Ne-21 (1)
-
-
radon
-
Rn-222 (4)
-
-
xenon
-
Xe-136/Xe-130 (1)
-
-
-
oxygen
-
dissolved oxygen (24)
-
O-17 (3)
-
O-17/O-16 (15)
-
O-18 (3)
-
O-18/O-16 (339)
-
-
phosphorus
-
organic phosphorus (2)
-
-
selenium (18)
-
short-lived isotopes (1)
-
silicon
-
Si-29/Si-28 (1)
-
Si-30 (1)
-
Si-30/Si-28 (4)
-
-
sulfur
-
organic sulfur (1)
-
S-32 (2)
-
S-33 (3)
-
S-33/S-32 (17)
-
S-34 (4)
-
S-34/S-32 (130)
-
S-36 (2)
-
-
tellurium (2)
-
trace metals (39)
-
-
fossils
-
Archaea (17)
-
bacteria
-
Bacillus
-
Acidithiobacillus
-
Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (5)
-
-
-
coliform bacteria
-
Escherichia
-
Escherichia coli (1)
-
-
-
Desulfovibrio (3)
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borings (10)
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Chordata
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Osteichthyes
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Sarcopterygii (1)
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-
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Tetrapoda
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Amphibia
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Caudata
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Aves
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Mammalia
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Carnivora
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Felidae
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Pinnipedia (1)
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Perissodactyla
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Hippomorpha
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Equidae
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Primates
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Hominidae
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Australopithecinae
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Australopithecus
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Australopithecus africanus (1)
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-
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Homo
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Homo sapiens (1)
-
-
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simians
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Cercopithecidae (2)
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Proboscidea
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Elephantoidea
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Elephantidae
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Mammuthus
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Mammuthus columbi (2)
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-
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Mastodontoidea
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Rodentia (1)
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Metatheria
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Reptilia
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Archosauria
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dinosaurs
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Ornithischia
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Ornithopoda
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-
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Saurischia
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Theropoda
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Carnosauria (1)
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Coelurosauria
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Tyrannosauridae (2)
-
-
-
-
-
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Ichthyosauria
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Ichthyosaurus (1)
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Lepidosauria
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Squamata
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Lacertilia
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Mosasauridae (1)
-
-
-
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Sauropterygia
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Plesiosauria (1)
-
-
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Synapsida
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Therapsida
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Dicynodontia
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Lystrosaurus (2)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
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Cloudina (2)
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coprolites (5)
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cyanobacteria
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Renalcis (1)
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eukaryotes (28)
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fossil man (1)
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Graptolithina
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Invertebrata
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Archaeocyatha (3)
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Arthropoda
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Chelicerata
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Merostomata
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Mandibulata
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Crustacea
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Branchiopoda
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Cladocera (1)
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Copepoda (1)
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Malacostraca (5)
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Ostracoda
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Podocopida
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Cypridocopina
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Cyprididae
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Candona (1)
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Cytherocopina
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Cytheracea
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Cyprideis (1)
-
-
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-
-
-
Insecta
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Pterygota
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Neoptera
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Diptera
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Exopterygota
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Dermaptera (1)
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Isoptera (2)
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-
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Palaeoptera
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Ephemeroptera (1)
-
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Trilobitomorpha
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Trilobita
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Agnostida (1)
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Phacopida (1)
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Ptychopariida (1)
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-
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Brachiopoda
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Articulata
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Rhynchonellida
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Terebratulida (1)
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Inarticulata (1)
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Bryozoa (7)
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Cnidaria
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Anthozoa
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Scleractinia
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Porites (2)
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-
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Echinodermata
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Asterozoa
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Stelleroidea
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Crinozoa
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Crinoidea (1)
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Echinozoa
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Echinoidea (1)
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Mollusca
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Bivalvia
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Pterioida
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Inocerami
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Pectinacea
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Pectinidae (1)
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-
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Solemyida (2)
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Cephalopoda
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Ammonoidea
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Ammonites (5)
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-
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Coleoidea
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Belemnoidea
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Belemnitidae (5)
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Nautiloidea
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Nautilus (1)
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Dacryoconarida (1)
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Gastropoda (18)
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Hyolithes (2)
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Monoplacophora (2)
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Tentaculitida (1)
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Porifera
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Demospongea (1)
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Protista
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Foraminifera
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Fusulinina
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Fusulinidae (3)
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Miliolina
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Miliolacea
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Alveolinellidae
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Alveolina (1)
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Miliolidae (1)
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Quinqueloculina (2)
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-
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Rotaliina
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Buliminacea
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Bolivinitidae
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Bolivina (2)
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Bulimina (5)
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Uvigerinidae
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Uvigerina
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Uvigerina peregrina (2)
-
-
-
-
Cassidulinacea
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Anomalinidae
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Cibicidoides
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Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi (2)
-
-
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Cassidulina (3)
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Globigerinacea
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Globigerinidae
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Globigerina
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Globigerina bulloides (3)
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Globigerinoides
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Globigerinoides ruber (7)
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Globigerinoides sacculifer (2)
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Orbulina
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Orbulina universa (2)
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-
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Globorotaliidae
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Globorotalia
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Globorotalia inflata (1)
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Globorotalia truncatulinoides (1)
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Neogloboquadrina
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Neogloboquadrina dutertrei (2)
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Rotalipora (1)
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Nodosariacea
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Nodosariidae
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Lenticulina (1)
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Orbitoidacea
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Amphistegina (3)
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Cibicides (1)
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Discocyclina (1)
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Rotaliacea
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Ammonia
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Ammonia beccarii (3)
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Elphidium
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Elphidium excavatum (2)
-
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Heterostegina
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Heterostegina depressa (2)
-
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Nummulitidae (1)
-
-
-
Textulariina
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Lituolacea
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Trochammina (1)
-
-
-
-
Radiolaria
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Osculosida
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Nassellina (1)
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Spumellina (1)
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Silicoflagellata (3)
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Thecamoeba (1)
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Vermes
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Annelida (8)
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Polychaeta
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Serpulidae (2)
-
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-
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lichens (6)
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Metazoa (16)
-
microfossils
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Charophyta (1)
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Chitinozoa (1)
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Conodonta
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Palmatolepis (1)
-
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Fusulinina
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Fusulinidae (3)
-
-
problematic microfossils
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Tubiphytes (1)
-
-
-
palynomorphs
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acritarchs (22)
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Chitinozoa (1)
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Dinoflagellata (24)
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miospores
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pollen (35)
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problematic palynomorphs (1)
-
-
Plantae
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algae
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calcareous algae (1)
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Chlorophyta
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Charophyta (1)
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Chlorophyceae
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Codiaceae
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Halimeda (1)
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Dasycladaceae (1)
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Tasmanites (1)
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Coccolithophoraceae
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Coccolithus (6)
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Emiliania
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Emiliania huxleyi (4)
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Gephyrocapsa
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Gephyrocapsa oceanica (1)
-
-
-
diatoms (43)
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Epiphyton (1)
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Microcodium (2)
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nannofossils
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Discoasteridae (1)
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-
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Rhodophyta
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Corallinaceae
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Lithophyllum (1)
-
-
-
-
Bryophyta
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Musci
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Sphagnum (1)
-
-
-
Pteridophyta
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Filicopsida
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Gleicheniaceae (1)
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Lycopsida (6)
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Psilopsida (2)
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Sphenopsida
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Equisetales (1)
-
-
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Spermatophyta
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Angiospermae
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Dicotyledoneae
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Acer (2)
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Magnoliidae (1)
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Myrtaceae
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Eucalyptus (2)
-
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Quercus (1)
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Rosidae (1)
-
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Monocotyledoneae
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Gramineae (4)
-
-
-
Gymnospermae
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Bennettitales (2)
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Coniferales
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Cupressaceae (1)
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Picea
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Picea glauca (1)
-
-
Pinaceae
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Abies (1)
-
Pinus (4)
-
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Taxodiaceae
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Metasequoia (1)
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Sequoia (1)
-
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Tsuga (2)
-
-
Ginkgoales
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Ginkgo (1)
-
-
Glossopteridales
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Gangamopteris (1)
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Glossopteris (1)
-
-
Pteridospermae (3)
-
-
-
-
problematic fossils
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problematic microfossils
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Tubiphytes (1)
-
-
-
prokaryotes (12)
-
Pterobranchia (5)
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thallophytes (8)
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tracks (6)
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trails (3)
-
-
geochronology methods
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(U-Th)/He (2)
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Ar/Ar (19)
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exposure age (5)
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fission-track dating (1)
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optical mineralogy (3)
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paleomagnetism (50)
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sclerochronology (3)
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thermoluminescence (3)
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tree rings (6)
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U/Pb (76)
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U/Th/Pb (2)
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uranium disequilibrium (7)
-
-
geologic age
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Anthropocene (5)
-
Cenozoic
-
Agbada Formation (1)
-
Blancan (2)
-
lower Cenozoic (2)
-
Quaternary
-
Clovis (1)
-
Cordilleran ice sheet (2)
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Holocene
-
lower Holocene (7)
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middle Holocene (2)
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Neoglacial (3)
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Neolithic (1)
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Preboreal (1)
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Subboreal (1)
-
upper Holocene (56)
-
-
Pleistocene
-
Champlain Sea (1)
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Irvingtonian (3)
-
lower Pleistocene
-
Olduvai Subchron (1)
-
-
Matuyama Chron (2)
-
middle Pleistocene (7)
-
Peoria Loess (2)
-
upper Pleistocene
-
Devensian (1)
-
Lisan Formation (1)
-
Weichselian
-
upper Weichselian
-
Allerod (4)
-
Bolling (3)
-
Younger Dryas (11)
-
-
-
Wisconsinan
-
upper Wisconsinan (3)
-
-
-
-
upper Quaternary
-
Brunhes Chron (1)
-
-
-
Stone Age
-
Neolithic (1)
-
-
Tertiary
-
Florissant Lake Beds (1)
-
Lincoln Creek Formation (1)
-
lower Tertiary
-
Taishu Group (1)
-
-
Maikop Series (1)
-
Neogene
-
Hemphillian (2)
-
Miocene
-
Ash Hollow Formation (1)
-
Astoria Formation (1)
-
Clarendonian (2)
-
Columbia River Basalt Group (3)
-
Grande Ronde Basalt (1)
-
lower Miocene
-
Aquitanian (1)
-
Burdigalian (2)
-
-
middle Miocene
-
Langhian (1)
-
Serravallian (1)
-
-
Puerto Madryn Formation (1)
-
upper Miocene
-
Messinian
-
Messinian Salinity Crisis (1)
-
-
Mount Messenger Formation (1)
-
Santa Cruz Mudstone (1)
-
Tortonian (5)
-
-
Wanapum Basalt (1)
-
-
Ogallala Formation (1)
-
Pliocene
-
lower Pliocene
-
Zanclean (1)
-
-
middle Pliocene (3)
-
upper Pliocene (6)
-
-
Sisquoc Formation (1)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Chadron Formation (1)
-
Eocene
-
Golden Valley Formation (1)
-
Green River Formation (7)
-
Lake Uinta (2)
-
lower Eocene
-
Willwood Formation (7)
-
Wind River Formation (2)
-
-
middle Eocene
-
Claiborne Group (1)
-
Santee Limestone (1)
-
Tallahatta Formation (1)
-
-
Parachute Creek Member (2)
-
upper Eocene (8)
-
-
Huber Formation (2)
-
lower Paleogene (3)
-
Oligocene
-
Boom Clay (1)
-
Brule Formation (1)
-
Fontainebleau Sandstone (1)
-
Frio Formation (2)
-
lower Oligocene (8)
-
upper Oligocene
-
Chattian (2)
-
-
-
Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene
-
Danian (10)
-
K-T boundary (13)
-
-
middle Paleocene
-
Selandian (1)
-
-
Ravenscrag Formation (1)
-
upper Paleocene (8)
-
-
Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (30)
-
Renova Formation (1)
-
Wasatch Formation (1)
-
White River Group (2)
-
-
Pysht Formation (1)
-
Shahejie Formation (4)
-
Warkalli Formation (1)
-
Zambales Ophiolite (1)
-
-
upper Cenozoic
-
Pico Formation (1)
-
-
-
Dalradian (4)
-
Laurentide ice sheet (3)
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Colorado Group (1)
-
Dakota Formation (2)
-
Hue Shale (1)
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Agrio Formation (1)
-
Albian
-
lower Albian (3)
-
upper Albian (2)
-
-
Aptian
-
lower Aptian (4)
-
Shuaiba Formation (1)
-
-
Barremian (4)
-
Berriasian (3)
-
Christopher Formation (1)
-
Clearwater Formation (1)
-
Hauterivian (6)
-
Mannville Group (1)
-
McMurray Formation (3)
-
Mowry Shale (1)
-
Neocomian (2)
-
Torok Formation (1)
-
Valanginian (2)
-
Wealden (2)
-
-
Lower Greensand (1)
-
Mancos Shale (2)
-
Middle Cretaceous (6)
-
Mishash Formation (1)
-
Nanushuk Group (1)
-
Nenjiang Formation (1)
-
Potomac Group (1)
-
Qingshankou Formation (1)
-
Quantou Formation (1)
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Bagh Beds (1)
-
Bearpaw Formation (1)
-
Belle Fourche Shale (1)
-
Blackhawk Formation (2)
-
Bridge Creek Limestone Member (5)
-
Campanian
-
Dinosaur Park Formation (1)
-
-
Carlile Shale (1)
-
Castlegate Sandstone (1)
-
Cenomanian
-
upper Cenomanian (5)
-
-
Coniacian (1)
-
Eutaw Formation (1)
-
Ferron Sandstone Member (2)
-
Ghareb Formation (1)
-
Greenhorn Limestone (3)
-
Gulfian
-
Aguja Formation (1)
-
Eagle Ford Formation (7)
-
-
Hell Creek Formation (2)
-
Holz Shale (1)
-
Horseshoe Canyon Formation (1)
-
Javelina Formation (2)
-
Judith River Formation (1)
-
Kanguk Formation (1)
-
K-T boundary (13)
-
Lance Formation (1)
-
Lewis Shale (2)
-
Maestrichtian
-
lower Maestrichtian (1)
-
upper Maestrichtian (4)
-
-
Maevarano Formation (1)
-
Marilia Formation (1)
-
Menuha Formation (1)
-
Moreno Formation (1)
-
Niobrara Formation (3)
-
Oldman Formation (3)
-
Pierre Shale (1)
-
Santonian (1)
-
Senonian (9)
-
Smoky Hill Chalk Member (1)
-
Tropic Shale (1)
-
Turonian
-
lower Turonian (4)
-
-
Two Medicine Formation (1)
-
Wyandot Formation (1)
-
-
Whitemud Formation (1)
-
Yezo Group (1)
-
-
Franciscan Complex (1)
-
Glen Canyon Group (1)
-
Jurassic
-
Bazhenov Formation (1)
-
Carmel Formation (1)
-
Clarens Formation (1)
-
Fernie Formation (1)
-
Ferrar Group (2)
-
Ladner Group (1)
-
Lower Jurassic
-
Hettangian (5)
-
lower Liassic (4)
-
middle Liassic (4)
-
Pliensbachian (10)
-
Sinemurian (3)
-
Sunrise Formation (1)
-
Toarcian
-
lower Toarcian (3)
-
-
Triassic-Jurassic boundary (15)
-
upper Liassic (13)
-
-
Middle Jurassic
-
Aalenian (1)
-
Bajocian
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Brent Group (1)
-
-
Bathonian (1)
-
Callovian (4)
-
-
Opalinus Clay (2)
-
Oxford Clay (5)
-
Posidonia Shale (2)
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Brushy Basin Member (1)
-
Kimmeridge Clay (5)
-
Kimmeridgian (5)
-
Morrison Formation (4)
-
Oxfordian (13)
-
Portlandian (1)
-
Tithonian (4)
-
-
-
Kayenta Formation (1)
-
lower Mesozoic (2)
-
Moenave Formation (1)
-
Navajo Sandstone (4)
-
Pucara Group (1)
-
Sandilands Formation (1)
-
Triassic
-
Lower Triassic
-
Induan (2)
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (51)
-
Smithian (2)
-
Spathian (4)
-
-
Middle Triassic
-
Anisian (3)
-
Ladinian (1)
-
-
Moenkopi Formation (1)
-
Montney Formation (2)
-
Upper Triassic
-
Carnian (5)
-
Chinle Formation (4)
-
Norian (9)
-
Rhaetian
-
Penarth Group (1)
-
-
Stormberg Series (1)
-
Triassic-Jurassic boundary (15)
-
Yanchang Formation (3)
-
-
-
upper Mesozoic
-
Yixian Formation (1)
-
-
Vaca Muerta Formation (4)
-
Wingate Sandstone (1)
-
Yanshanian (1)
-
-
MIS 2 (1)
-
MIS 3 (2)
-
MIS 5 (1)
-
MIS 6 (2)
-
Paleozoic
-
Cambrian
-
Conasauga Group (1)
-
Lower Cambrian
-
Atdabanian (1)
-
Terreneuvian
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Fortunian (2)
-
-
Tommotian (6)
-
Yudoma Series (1)
-
-
Middle Cambrian
-
Burgess Shale (4)
-
-
Semri Series (1)
-
Upper Cambrian
-
Copper Ridge Dolomite (1)
-
Eau Claire Formation (1)
-
Furongian
-
Paibian (2)
-
-
Lamotte Sandstone (2)
-
Maynardville Limestone (1)
-
Mount Simon Sandstone (1)
-
Potsdam Sandstone (1)
-
Steptoean (11)
-
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Benxi Formation (1)
-
Jackfork Group (1)
-
Lower Carboniferous
-
Dinantian (2)
-
-
Middle Carboniferous (3)
-
Mississippian
-
Lower Mississippian
-
Joana Limestone (1)
-
Kinderhookian (2)
-
Lodgepole Formation (1)
-
Osagian (2)
-
Tournaisian (6)
-
-
Madison Group (1)
-
Middle Mississippian
-
Visean (3)
-
-
Upper Mississippian
-
Chesterian (2)
-
Fayetteville Formation (1)
-
Serpukhovian (1)
-
-
Windsor Group (1)
-
-
Pennsylvanian
-
Conemaugh Group (1)
-
Middle Pennsylvanian
-
Allegheny Group (1)
-
Atokan
-
Atoka Formation (1)
-
-
Breathitt Formation (1)
-
Desmoinesian (1)
-
Moscovian (3)
-
-
Monongahela Group (1)
-
Morrow Formation (1)
-
Springfield Coal Member (1)
-
Upper Pennsylvanian
-
Gzhelian (1)
-
Missourian
-
Lansing Group (1)
-
-
Virgilian (1)
-
-
-
Springer Formation (1)
-
Upper Carboniferous
-
Westphalian (1)
-
-
-
Chattanooga Shale (2)
-
Cow Head Group (1)
-
Deadwood Formation (1)
-
Devonian
-
Hunsruck Shale (1)
-
Lower Devonian
-
Emsian (5)
-
Lochkovian (2)
-
Pragian (2)
-
-
Middle Devonian
-
Eifelian (5)
-
Givetian (7)
-
Hamilton Group (3)
-
Marcellus Shale (4)
-
-
Muth Quartzite (1)
-
Old Red Sandstone (3)
-
Slave Point Formation (1)
-
Upper Devonian
-
Famennian
-
lower Famennian (2)
-
upper Famennian (2)
-
Wabamun Group (1)
-
-
Frasnian
-
upper Frasnian (3)
-
-
Huron Member (1)
-
Jefferson Group (1)
-
Kellwasser event (5)
-
Palliser Formation (2)
-
-
Waterways Formation (1)
-
-
Hanson Creek Formation (1)
-
Horton Group (1)
-
Hunton Group (1)
-
Itarare Subgroup (1)
-
Keyser Limestone (1)
-
Knox Group (1)
-
Lisburne Group (1)
-
lower Paleozoic
-
Cape Phillips Formation (2)
-
Rose Run Sandstone (1)
-
-
middle Paleozoic (1)
-
New Albany Shale (4)
-
Ordovician
-
Catoche Formation (1)
-
Ely Springs Dolomite (1)
-
Lower Ordovician
-
Beekmantown Group (1)
-
Floian (1)
-
Manitou Formation (1)
-
Saint George Group (1)
-
Tremadocian (4)
-
-
Middle Ordovician
-
Black River Group (1)
-
Cloridorme Formation (1)
-
Dapingian (1)
-
Darriwilian (1)
-
Deicke Bentonite Bed (1)
-
Galena Dolomite (2)
-
Millbrig Bentonite Bed (1)
-
Saint Peter Sandstone (1)
-
Winnipeg Formation (1)
-
-
Trenton Group (2)
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Ashgillian (2)
-
Bighorn Dolomite (2)
-
Cincinnatian (2)
-
Fairview Formation (1)
-
Hirnantian (7)
-
Juniata Formation (1)
-
Katian (7)
-
Maquoketa Formation (3)
-
Mohawkian (2)
-
Sandbian (1)
-
Wufeng Formation (5)
-
-
Utica Shale (4)
-
Vinini Formation (1)
-
Viola Limestone (1)
-
-
Permian
-
Chase Group (1)
-
Ecca Group (3)
-
Glorieta Sandstone (1)
-
Guadalupian
-
Bell Canyon Formation (1)
-
Brushy Canyon Formation (1)
-
Capitanian (3)
-
Cherry Canyon Formation (1)
-
Wordian (1)
-
-
Irati Formation (1)
-
Khuff Formation (2)
-
Lower Permian
-
Cherry Canyon Formation (1)
-
Cisuralian
-
Asselian (3)
-
Kungurian (1)
-
Sakmarian (2)
-
-
Leonardian
-
Clear Fork Group (1)
-
-
Qixia Formation (2)
-
Wolfcampian (2)
-
-
Lyons Sandstone (1)
-
Maokou Formation (3)
-
Meade Peak Member (1)
-
Middle Permian (7)
-
Phosphoria Formation (3)
-
Rio Bonito Formation (1)
-
Upper Permian
-
Changxing Formation (1)
-
Kazanian (1)
-
Lopingian
-
Changhsingian (3)
-
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (51)
-
Zechstein (1)
-
-
Whitehill Formation (2)
-
-
Sauk Sequence (3)
-
Silurian
-
Bainbridge Formation (1)
-
Henryhouse Formation (1)
-
Lower Silurian
-
Llandovery
-
Aeronian (1)
-
Rhuddanian (1)
-
-
Tuscarora Formation (1)
-
Wenlock
-
Homerian (3)
-
-
-
Middle Silurian
-
Roberts Mountains Formation (2)
-
Rochester Formation (1)
-
Rose Hill Formation (1)
-
-
Upper Silurian
-
Cayugan
-
Tonoloway Limestone (1)
-
-
Ludlow
-
Gorstian (1)
-
-
Pridoli (1)
-
Salina Group (2)
-
-
-
Taiyuan Formation (1)
-
upper Paleozoic
-
Antrim Shale (2)
-
Bakken Formation (1)
-
Dwyka Formation (5)
-
-
Weber Sandstone (2)
-
Woodford Shale (7)
-
-
Phanerozoic (72)
-
Precambrian
-
Archean
-
Eoarchean (1)
-
Gilman Formation (1)
-
J-M Reef (1)
-
Mesoarchean (11)
-
Neoarchean
-
Dharwar Supergroup (1)
-
-
Paleoarchean
-
Hooggenoeg Formation (2)
-
-
Warrawoona Group (2)
-
-
Brockman Iron Formation (3)
-
Central Rand Group (1)
-
Chuanlinggou Formation (1)
-
Chuar Group (5)
-
Cuddapah System (1)
-
Flinton Group (1)
-
Fortescue Group (1)
-
Gunflint Iron Formation (1)
-
Hadean (9)
-
Hamersley Group (5)
-
Hecla Hoek Formation (1)
-
Johnnie Formation (3)
-
Kingston Peak Formation (2)
-
Kisseynew Complex (1)
-
Lewisian Complex (2)
-
Minas Supergroup (1)
-
Nonesuch Shale (3)
-
Noonday Dolomite (1)
-
Onverwacht Group (2)
-
Pahrump Series (2)
-
Pongola Supergroup (3)
-
Sokoman Formation (1)
-
Stillwater Complex (2)
-
Stirling Quartzite (2)
-
Transvaal Supergroup (6)
-
Uinta Mountain Group (1)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Bambui Group (1)
-
Damara System (1)
-
Great Oxidation Event (18)
-
Huronian (1)
-
Hutuo Group (1)
-
Lewisian (1)
-
Mesoproterozoic
-
Apache Group (1)
-
Belt Supergroup (1)
-
Laxfordian (1)
-
Roper Group (7)
-
Stenian (1)
-
Wumishan Formation (1)
-
-
Negaunee Iron Formation (1)
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Brioverian (1)
-
Cryogenian (15)
-
Dengying Formation (9)
-
Doushantuo Formation (12)
-
Ediacaran
-
Wonoka Formation (1)
-
-
Marinoan (12)
-
Nantuo Formation (2)
-
Otavi Group (2)
-
Riphean
-
upper Riphean (2)
-
-
Sturtian (6)
-
Tonian (4)
-
Torridonian (2)
-
Vendian (26)
-
-
Oronto Group (3)
-
Paleoproterozoic
-
Francevillian (1)
-
Michigamme Formation (1)
-
-
Pretoria Group (1)
-
Sinian
-
Dengying Formation (9)
-
Doushantuo Formation (12)
-
Nantuo Formation (2)
-
Wumishan Formation (1)
-
-
Umberatana Group (1)
-
Windermere System (4)
-
-
-
Ventersdorp Supergroup (1)
-
Witwatersrand Supergroup (4)
-
-
Vindhyan (3)
-
-
igneous rocks
-
agglutinates (1)
-
igneous rocks
-
carbonatites (1)
-
kimberlite (4)
-
peperite (1)
-
picrite (1)
-
plutonic rocks
-
anorthosite (2)
-
diabase (5)
-
diorites
-
quartz diorites (1)
-
tonalite (1)
-
-
gabbros
-
troctolite (2)
-
-
granites
-
A-type granites (1)
-
charnockite (2)
-
I-type granites (1)
-
monzogranite (1)
-
S-type granites (1)
-
-
granodiorites (1)
-
pegmatite (2)
-
syenites
-
quartz syenite (1)
-
-
ultramafics
-
chromitite (1)
-
peridotites
-
dunite (1)
-
harzburgite (1)
-
-
pyroxenite
-
websterite (1)
-
-
-
-
porphyry (3)
-
volcanic rocks
-
adakites (1)
-
andesites (2)
-
basalts
-
flood basalts (14)
-
mid-ocean ridge basalts (6)
-
ocean-island basalts (2)
-
tholeiite (1)
-
-
dacites (4)
-
glasses
-
obsidian (1)
-
palagonite (1)
-
volcanic glass (4)
-
-
komatiite (3)
-
pyroclastics
-
hyaloclastite (3)
-
ignimbrite (3)
-
pumice (1)
-
rhyolite tuff (2)
-
tuff (10)
-
-
rhyolites (3)
-
trachytes (1)
-
-
-
ophiolite (12)
-
volcanic ash (21)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
K-bentonite (3)
-
metamorphic rocks
-
amphibolites (1)
-
eclogite (4)
-
fulgurite (1)
-
gneisses
-
orthogneiss (3)
-
paragneiss (2)
-
-
granulites (3)
-
impactites
-
impact breccia
-
lunar breccia (1)
-
-
-
listwanite (3)
-
marbles (9)
-
metacarbonate rocks (1)
-
metaigneous rocks
-
metabasite (1)
-
metagabbro (2)
-
serpentinite (6)
-
-
metasedimentary rocks
-
khondalite (2)
-
metalimestone (1)
-
metapelite (3)
-
metasandstone (2)
-
paragneiss (2)
-
-
metasomatic rocks
-
rodingite (1)
-
serpentinite (6)
-
skarn (3)
-
-
metavolcanic rocks (5)
-
migmatites (1)
-
mylonites
-
pseudotachylite (1)
-
-
phyllites (2)
-
quartzites (5)
-
schists
-
greenstone (2)
-
-
slates (2)
-
-
ophiolite (12)
-
turbidite (17)
-
-
meteorites
-
meteorites
-
micrometeorites (1)
-
Northwest Africa Meteorites (1)
-
stony meteorites
-
achondrites
-
angrite (1)
-
Martian meteorites
-
SNC Meteorites (1)
-
-
-
chondrites
-
carbonaceous chondrites
-
Tagish Lake Meteorite (1)
-
-
ordinary chondrites
-
H chondrites
-
Tieschitz Meteorite (1)
-
-
L chondrites (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
minerals
-
alloys
-
awaruite (1)
-
electrum (2)
-
-
antimonides
-
dyscrasite (1)
-
-
arsenates
-
austinite (1)
-
beudantite (1)
-
mimetite (2)
-
scorodite (2)
-
-
arsenides
-
arsenopyrite (10)
-
cobaltite (1)
-
lollingite (2)
-
-
arsenites (5)
-
borates (1)
-
carbonates
-
ankerite (5)
-
aragonite (30)
-
calcite (91)
-
cerussite (1)
-
dolomite (56)
-
hydromagnesite (3)
-
hydrotalcite (1)
-
ikaite (8)
-
kutnohorite (1)
-
magnesian calcite (4)
-
magnesite (3)
-
malachite (2)
-
monohydrocalcite (1)
-
nahcolite (2)
-
norsethite (2)
-
rhodochrosite (4)
-
siderite (19)
-
sjogrenite (1)
-
sphaerosiderite (1)
-
strontianite (2)
-
trona (1)
-
vaterite (1)
-
witherite (2)
-
-
chromates (3)
-
halides
-
chlorides
-
halite (9)
-
mimetite (2)
-
pyromorphite (1)
-
vanadinite (1)
-
-
fluorides
-
fluorite (2)
-
triplite (1)
-
-
iodides (1)
-
-
hydrates (8)
-
iodates (1)
-
iron minerals (16)
-
K-bentonite (3)
-
manganese minerals (7)
-
minerals (25)
-
molybdates (1)
-
native elements
-
diamond (3)
-
fullerene (1)
-
graphite (12)
-
-
nitrates (17)
-
organic minerals
-
amber (1)
-
-
oxalates
-
weddellite (2)
-
whewellite (2)
-
-
oxides
-
akaganeite (4)
-
aluminum oxides (1)
-
anatase (4)
-
birnessite (4)
-
bixbyite (2)
-
boehmite (2)
-
brannerite (2)
-
brucite (3)
-
buserite (1)
-
chromite (2)
-
corundum (1)
-
cryptomelane (4)
-
cuprite (1)
-
diaspore (1)
-
ferrihydrite (40)
-
franklinite (1)
-
gahnite (1)
-
gibbsite (7)
-
goethite (28)
-
groutite (1)
-
hausmannite (4)
-
hematite (30)
-
hollandite (2)
-
hydroxides
-
aluminum hydroxides (1)
-
iron hydroxides (18)
-
oxyhydroxides (14)
-
-
ilmenite (5)
-
iron oxides (44)
-
lepidocrocite (5)
-
limonite (1)
-
lithiophorite (1)
-
maghemite (4)
-
magnetite (37)
-
manganese oxides (18)
-
manganite (2)
-
niobates
-
columbite (1)
-
euxenite (1)
-
pyrochlore (2)
-
-
nsutite (1)
-
pitchblende (1)
-
portlandite (1)
-
psilomelane (1)
-
pyrolusite (3)
-
ramsdellite (1)
-
rancieite (1)
-
rutile (4)
-
sapphire (1)
-
senarmontite (2)
-
spinel (1)
-
spinel group (3)
-
tantalates
-
euxenite (1)
-
-
titanium oxides (6)
-
titanomagnetite (3)
-
todorokite (2)
-
ulvospinel (1)
-
uraninite (8)
-
valentinite (1)
-
vernadite (1)
-
wustite (2)
-
-
phosphates
-
apatite (30)
-
autunite (1)
-
brushite (1)
-
crandallite (2)
-
fluorapatite (5)
-
francolite (3)
-
hydroxylapatite (1)
-
monazite (4)
-
plumbogummite (1)
-
pyromorphite (1)
-
struvite (1)
-
triplite (1)
-
vivianite (2)
-
-
selenates (2)
-
selenides (1)
-
silicates
-
aluminosilicates (9)
-
asbestos (1)
-
chain silicates
-
amphibole group
-
clinoamphibole
-
cummingtonite (1)
-
grunerite (1)
-
hornblende (2)
-
tremolite (1)
-
-
-
pyroxene group
-
clinopyroxene
-
chrome diopside (1)
-
-
orthopyroxene (1)
-
-
wollastonite group
-
wollastonite (2)
-
-
-
framework silicates
-
feldspar group
-
alkali feldspar
-
hyalophane (1)
-
K-feldspar (3)
-
sanidine (1)
-
-
barium feldspar
-
hyalophane (1)
-
-
plagioclase
-
albite (1)
-
bytownite (1)
-
-
-
nepheline group
-
nepheline (1)
-
-
scapolite group
-
scapolite (1)
-
-
silica minerals
-
jasper (2)
-
melanophlogite (1)
-
opal
-
opal-A (3)
-
opal-CT (1)
-
-
quartz (23)
-
-
sodalite group
-
hauyne (1)
-
lazurite (1)
-
-
zeolite group (6)
-
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
braunite (2)
-
garnet group (2)
-
olivine group
-
olivine (7)
-
-
phenakite group
-
willemite (3)
-
-
sillimanite (1)
-
titanite group
-
titanite (3)
-
-
zircon group
-
coffinite (1)
-
thorite (1)
-
zircon (60)
-
-
-
sorosilicates
-
bertrandite (1)
-
epidote group
-
allanite (1)
-
-
hemimorphite (1)
-
-
-
ring silicates
-
beryl (1)
-
cordierite (2)
-
tourmaline group (1)
-
-
sheet silicates
-
cerolite (1)
-
chlorite group
-
chamosite (1)
-
chlorite (9)
-
-
clay minerals
-
allophane (10)
-
beidellite (2)
-
halloysite (4)
-
imogolite (7)
-
kaolinite (29)
-
metahalloysite (1)
-
montmorillonite (14)
-
nontronite (11)
-
saponite (2)
-
smectite (43)
-
vermiculite (7)
-
-
illite (28)
-
mica group
-
biotite (8)
-
celadonite (1)
-
glauconite (11)
-
muscovite (3)
-
-
palygorskite (3)
-
sepiolite (4)
-
sericite (1)
-
serpentine group
-
antigorite (2)
-
berthierine (4)
-
chrysotile (2)
-
lizardite (3)
-
serpentine (4)
-
-
stilpnomelane (1)
-
talc (3)
-
-
-
sulfates
-
alunite (2)
-
anglesite (1)
-
anhydrite (12)
-
barite (23)
-
bassanite (1)
-
beudantite (1)
-
brochantite (1)
-
celestine (2)
-
chalcanthite (1)
-
ettringite (2)
-
gypsum (23)
-
iron sulfates (1)
-
jarosite (12)
-
lazurite (1)
-
mirabilite (1)
-
schwertmannite (10)
-
-
sulfides
-
acanthite (1)
-
alabandite (1)
-
arsenopyrite (10)
-
cattierite (1)
-
chalcocite (1)
-
chalcopyrite (5)
-
cinnabar (7)
-
cobaltite (1)
-
copper sulfides (1)
-
covellite (2)
-
galena (9)
-
greenockite (1)
-
greigite (7)
-
gudmundite (1)
-
iron sulfides (10)
-
lazurite (1)
-
mackinawite (5)
-
marcasite (7)
-
metastibnite (1)
-
millerite (1)
-
molybdenite (1)
-
nickel sulfides (1)
-
niningerite (1)
-
oldhamite (1)
-
orpiment (2)
-
pentlandite (1)
-
pyrite (112)
-
pyrrhotite (10)
-
realgar (3)
-
smythite (1)
-
sphalerite (14)
-
stibnite (2)
-
troilite (2)
-
vaesite (1)
-
wurtzite (1)
-
zinc sulfides (1)
-
-
sulfosalts
-
sulfantimonites
-
tetrahedrite (1)
-
-
sulfarsenates
-
enargite (1)
-
-
sulfarsenites
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Tahiti Sea Level Expedition
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Mesozoic
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Upper Cretaceous
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Turonian
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Two Medicine Formation (1)
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Cambrian
-
Conasauga Group (1)
-
Lower Cambrian
-
Atdabanian (1)
-
Terreneuvian
-
Fortunian (2)
-
-
Tommotian (6)
-
Yudoma Series (1)
-
-
Middle Cambrian
-
Burgess Shale (4)
-
-
Semri Series (1)
-
Upper Cambrian
-
Copper Ridge Dolomite (1)
-
Eau Claire Formation (1)
-
Furongian
-
Paibian (2)
-
-
Lamotte Sandstone (2)
-
Maynardville Limestone (1)
-
Mount Simon Sandstone (1)
-
Potsdam Sandstone (1)
-
Steptoean (11)
-
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Benxi Formation (1)
-
Jackfork Group (1)
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Lower Carboniferous
-
Dinantian (2)
-
-
Middle Carboniferous (3)
-
Mississippian
-
Lower Mississippian
-
Joana Limestone (1)
-
Kinderhookian (2)
-
Lodgepole Formation (1)
-
Osagian (2)
-
Tournaisian (6)
-
-
Madison Group (1)
-
Middle Mississippian
-
Visean (3)
-
-
Upper Mississippian
-
Chesterian (2)
-
Fayetteville Formation (1)
-
Serpukhovian (1)
-
-
Windsor Group (1)
-
-
Pennsylvanian
-
Conemaugh Group (1)
-
Middle Pennsylvanian
-
Allegheny Group (1)
-
Atokan
-
Atoka Formation (1)
-
-
Breathitt Formation (1)
-
Desmoinesian (1)
-
Moscovian (3)
-
-
Monongahela Group (1)
-
Morrow Formation (1)
-
Springfield Coal Member (1)
-
Upper Pennsylvanian
-
Gzhelian (1)
-
Missourian
-
Lansing Group (1)
-
-
Virgilian (1)
-
-
-
Springer Formation (1)
-
Upper Carboniferous
-
Westphalian (1)
-
-
-
Chattanooga Shale (2)
-
Cow Head Group (1)
-
Deadwood Formation (1)
-
Devonian
-
Hunsruck Shale (1)
-
Lower Devonian
-
Emsian (5)
-
Lochkovian (2)
-
Pragian (2)
-
-
Middle Devonian
-
Eifelian (5)
-
Givetian (7)
-
Hamilton Group (3)
-
Marcellus Shale (4)
-
-
Muth Quartzite (1)
-
Old Red Sandstone (3)
-
Slave Point Formation (1)
-
Upper Devonian
-
Famennian
-
lower Famennian (2)
-
upper Famennian (2)
-
Wabamun Group (1)
-
-
Frasnian
-
upper Frasnian (3)
-
-
Huron Member (1)
-
Jefferson Group (1)
-
Kellwasser event (5)
-
Palliser Formation (2)
-
-
Waterways Formation (1)
-
-
Hanson Creek Formation (1)
-
Horton Group (1)
-
Hunton Group (1)
-
Itarare Subgroup (1)
-
Keyser Limestone (1)
-
Knox Group (1)
-
Lisburne Group (1)
-
lower Paleozoic
-
Cape Phillips Formation (2)
-
Rose Run Sandstone (1)
-
-
middle Paleozoic (1)
-
New Albany Shale (4)
-
Ordovician
-
Catoche Formation (1)
-
Ely Springs Dolomite (1)
-
Lower Ordovician
-
Beekmantown Group (1)
-
Floian (1)
-
Manitou Formation (1)
-
Saint George Group (1)
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Tremadocian (4)
-
-
Middle Ordovician
-
Black River Group (1)
-
Cloridorme Formation (1)
-
Dapingian (1)
-
Darriwilian (1)
-
Deicke Bentonite Bed (1)
-
Galena Dolomite (2)
-
Millbrig Bentonite Bed (1)
-
Saint Peter Sandstone (1)
-
Winnipeg Formation (1)
-
-
Trenton Group (2)
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Ashgillian (2)
-
Bighorn Dolomite (2)
-
Cincinnatian (2)
-
Fairview Formation (1)
-
Hirnantian (7)
-
Juniata Formation (1)
-
Katian (7)
-
Maquoketa Formation (3)
-
Mohawkian (2)
-
Sandbian (1)
-
Wufeng Formation (5)
-
-
Utica Shale (4)
-
Vinini Formation (1)
-
Viola Limestone (1)
-
-
Permian
-
Chase Group (1)
-
Ecca Group (3)
-
Glorieta Sandstone (1)
-
Guadalupian
-
Bell Canyon Formation (1)
-
Brushy Canyon Formation (1)
-
Capitanian (3)
-
Cherry Canyon Formation (1)
-
Wordian (1)
-
-
Irati Formation (1)
-
Khuff Formation (2)
-
Lower Permian
-
Cherry Canyon Formation (1)
-
Cisuralian
-
Asselian (3)
-
Kungurian (1)
-
Sakmarian (2)
-
-
Leonardian
-
Clear Fork Group (1)
-
-
Qixia Formation (2)
-
Wolfcampian (2)
-
-
Lyons Sandstone (1)
-
Maokou Formation (3)
-
Meade Peak Member (1)
-
Middle Permian (7)
-
Phosphoria Formation (3)
-
Rio Bonito Formation (1)
-
Upper Permian
-
Changxing Formation (1)
-
Kazanian (1)
-
Lopingian
-
Changhsingian (3)
-
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (51)
-
Zechstein (1)
-
-
Whitehill Formation (2)
-
-
Sauk Sequence (3)
-
Silurian
-
Bainbridge Formation (1)
-
Henryhouse Formation (1)
-
Lower Silurian
-
Llandovery
-
Aeronian (1)
-
Rhuddanian (1)
-
-
Tuscarora Formation (1)
-
Wenlock
-
Homerian (3)
-
-
-
Middle Silurian
-
Roberts Mountains Formation (2)
-
Rochester Formation (1)
-
Rose Hill Formation (1)
-
-
Upper Silurian
-
Cayugan
-
Tonoloway Limestone (1)
-
-
Ludlow
-
Gorstian (1)
-
-
Pridoli (1)
-
Salina Group (2)
-
-
-
Taiyuan Formation (1)
-
upper Paleozoic
-
Antrim Shale (2)
-
Bakken Formation (1)
-
Dwyka Formation (5)
-
-
Weber Sandstone (2)
-
Woodford Shale (7)
-
-
palynology (2)
-
palynomorphs
-
acritarchs (22)
-
Chitinozoa (1)
-
Dinoflagellata (24)
-
miospores
-
pollen (35)
-
-
problematic palynomorphs (1)
-
-
paragenesis (31)
-
permafrost (32)
-
petroleum
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natural gas
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coalbed methane (5)
-
shale gas (16)
-
-
shale oil (5)
-
-
petrology (11)
-
Phanerozoic (72)
-
phase equilibria (16)
-
phosphate deposits (9)
-
phosphorus
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organic phosphorus (2)
-
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placers (10)
-
planetology (4)
-
Plantae
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algae
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calcareous algae (1)
-
Chlorophyta
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Charophyta (1)
-
Chlorophyceae
-
Codiaceae
-
Halimeda (1)
-
-
Dasycladaceae (1)
-
-
Tasmanites (1)
-
-
Chrysophyta (1)
-
Coccolithophoraceae
-
Coccolithus (6)
-
Emiliania
-
Emiliania huxleyi (4)
-
-
Gephyrocapsa
-
Gephyrocapsa oceanica (1)
-
-
-
diatoms (43)
-
Epiphyton (1)
-
Microcodium (2)
-
nannofossils
-
Discoasteridae (1)
-
Nannoconus (1)
-
-
Rhodophyta
-
Corallinaceae
-
Lithophyllum (1)
-
-
-
-
Bryophyta
-
Musci
-
Sphagnum (1)
-
-
-
Pteridophyta
-
Filicopsida
-
Gleicheniaceae (1)
-
-
Lycopsida (6)
-
Psilopsida (2)
-
Sphenopsida
-
Equisetales (1)
-
-
-
Spermatophyta
-
Angiospermae
-
Dicotyledoneae
-
Acer (2)
-
Alnus (1)
-
Magnoliidae (1)
-
Myrtaceae
-
Eucalyptus (2)
-
-
Quercus (1)
-
Rosidae (1)
-
-
Monocotyledoneae
-
Gramineae (4)
-
-
-
Gymnospermae
-
Bennettitales (2)
-
Coniferales
-
Cupressaceae (1)
-
Picea
-
Picea glauca (1)
-
-
Pinaceae
-
Abies (1)
-
Pinus (4)
-
-
Taxodiaceae
-
Metasequoia (1)
-
Sequoia (1)
-
-
Tsuga (2)
-
-
Ginkgoales
-
Ginkgo (1)
-
-
Glossopteridales
-
Gangamopteris (1)
-
Glossopteris (1)
-
-
Pteridospermae (3)
-
-
-
-
plate tectonics (75)
-
pollution (278)
-
potash (2)
-
Precambrian
-
Archean
-
Eoarchean (1)
-
Gilman Formation (1)
-
J-M Reef (1)
-
Mesoarchean (11)
-
Neoarchean
-
Dharwar Supergroup (1)
-
-
Paleoarchean
-
Hooggenoeg Formation (2)
-
-
Warrawoona Group (2)
-
-
Brockman Iron Formation (3)
-
Central Rand Group (1)
-
Chuanlinggou Formation (1)
-
Chuar Group (5)
-
Cuddapah System (1)
-
Flinton Group (1)
-
Fortescue Group (1)
-
Gunflint Iron Formation (1)
-
Hadean (9)
-
Hamersley Group (5)
-
Hecla Hoek Formation (1)
-
Johnnie Formation (3)
-
Kingston Peak Formation (2)
-
Kisseynew Complex (1)
-
Lewisian Complex (2)
-
Minas Supergroup (1)
-
Nonesuch Shale (3)
-
Noonday Dolomite (1)
-
Onverwacht Group (2)
-
Pahrump Series (2)
-
Pongola Supergroup (3)
-
Sokoman Formation (1)
-
Stillwater Complex (2)
-
Stirling Quartzite (2)
-
Transvaal Supergroup (6)
-
Uinta Mountain Group (1)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Bambui Group (1)
-
Damara System (1)
-
Great Oxidation Event (18)
-
Huronian (1)
-
Hutuo Group (1)
-
Lewisian (1)
-
Mesoproterozoic
-
Apache Group (1)
-
Belt Supergroup (1)
-
Laxfordian (1)
-
Roper Group (7)
-
Stenian (1)
-
Wumishan Formation (1)
-
-
Negaunee Iron Formation (1)
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Brioverian (1)
-
Cryogenian (15)
-
Dengying Formation (9)
-
Doushantuo Formation (12)
-
Ediacaran
-
Wonoka Formation (1)
-
-
Marinoan (12)
-
Nantuo Formation (2)
-
Otavi Group (2)
-
Riphean
-
upper Riphean (2)
-
-
Sturtian (6)
-
Tonian (4)
-
Torridonian (2)
-
Vendian (26)
-
-
Oronto Group (3)
-
Paleoproterozoic
-
Francevillian (1)
-
Michigamme Formation (1)
-
-
Pretoria Group (1)
-
Sinian
-
Dengying Formation (9)
-
Doushantuo Formation (12)
-
Nantuo Formation (2)
-
Wumishan Formation (1)
-
-
Umberatana Group (1)
-
Windermere System (4)
-
-
-
Ventersdorp Supergroup (1)
-
Witwatersrand Supergroup (4)
-
-
problematic fossils
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problematic microfossils
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Tubiphytes (1)
-
-
-
Pterobranchia (5)
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reclamation (13)
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reefs (18)
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remote sensing (34)
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reservoirs (4)
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roads (1)
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rock mechanics (3)
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sea water (176)
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sea-floor spreading (6)
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sea-level changes (111)
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sedimentary petrology (17)
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sedimentary rocks
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bauxite (3)
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carbonate rocks
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boundstone (2)
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chalk (9)
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dolostone (42)
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grainstone (8)
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limestone
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calcarenite (1)
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micrite (15)
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microbialite (28)
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oolitic limestone (2)
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packstone (4)
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travertine (8)
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wackestone (4)
-
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chemically precipitated rocks
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chert (33)
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duricrust (1)
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evaporites
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salt (9)
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ferricrete (2)
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flint (1)
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iron formations
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banded iron formations (32)
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ironstone (4)
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phosphate rocks (23)
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siliceous sinter (3)
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tufa (4)
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weathering crust (6)
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clastic rocks
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arenite
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litharenite (2)
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quartz arenite (4)
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sublitharenite (1)
-
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argillite (3)
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arkose (2)
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bentonite (18)
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black shale (89)
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claystone (7)
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conglomerate
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quartz-pebble conglomerate (4)
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diamictite (11)
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diatomite (3)
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eolianite (1)
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graywacke (1)
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marl (17)
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mudstone (85)
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orthoquartzite (1)
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porcellanite (3)
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radiolarite (1)
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red beds (6)
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sandstone (72)
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sedimentary breccia (1)
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shale (105)
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siltstone (19)
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subarkose (1)
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tillite (4)
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coal
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bituminous coal (1)
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lignite (10)
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gas shale (3)
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oil sands (3)
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oil shale (8)
-
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sedimentary structures
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bedding plane irregularities
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dune structures (1)
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fossil ice wedges (1)
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ripple marks (2)
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biogenic structures
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algal structures
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algal biscuits (1)
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algal mats (15)
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algal mounds (1)
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bioherms
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mud mounds (1)
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bioturbation (46)
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girvanella (1)
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lebensspuren (10)
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microbial mats
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cyanobacterial mats (6)
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oncolites (1)
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stromatactis (1)
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stromatolites (47)
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thrombolites (11)
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planar bedding structures
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bedding (6)
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cross-bedding (5)
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cross-laminations (3)
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cross-stratification (3)
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laminations (22)
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rhythmic bedding (1)
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rhythmite (1)
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sand bodies (4)
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varves (3)
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rhizoliths (3)
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secondary structures
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concretions (37)
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stylolites (1)
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seismites (2)
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soft sediment deformation
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clastic dikes (1)
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convoluted beds (1)
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olistoliths (1)
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sole marks (1)
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turbidity current structures
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Bouma sequence (1)
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sedimentation (194)
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sediments
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carbonate sediments (21)
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clastic sediments
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alluvium (5)
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boulders (2)
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clay (43)
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colluvium (2)
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drift (3)
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dust (41)
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gravel (6)
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kaolin (6)
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loess (8)
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mud (24)
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ooze (5)
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outwash (1)
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overbank sediments (2)
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pebbles (3)
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quartz sand (1)
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sand (37)
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silt (15)
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till (14)
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gyttja (1)
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marine sediments (240)
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peat (25)
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selenium (18)
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shorelines (4)
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silicon
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Si-29/Si-28 (1)
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Si-30 (1)
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Si-30/Si-28 (4)
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slope stability (4)
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soil mechanics (10)
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soils
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Alluvial soils (1)
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Inceptisols (3)
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Sod-podzolic soils (1)
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Argentina
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United States
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Alabama
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Journal Article
Coccolithophores From the Indian Sector of the Southern Ocean: A Synthesis of Ecology, Diversity, and Biogeochemical Role Available to Purchase
Publisher: Geological Society of India
Published: 01 June 2025
Jour. Geol. Soc. India (2025) 101 (6): 951–956.
... occurring pumps through either CO 2 uptake or production (Rost and Riebesell, 2004). Coccolithophore species composition and distribution in the oceans, as well as the functioning of the biogeochemical cycle as a whole, largely depend on the in-situ physical (temperature, salinity) and chemical (macro...
Includes: Supplemental Content
Journal Article
India’s Biogeochemical Potential to Feed the Country and Stabilize the Climate Available to Purchase
Publisher: Geological Society of India
Published: 01 September 2024
Jour. Geol. Soc. India (2024) 100 (9): 1360–1361.
... while also enriching and restoring depleted soils (a process known as soil remineralization). There are significant ramifications for tackling food insecurity and climate change from the biogeochemical processes. Significantly, India is especially well-suited for silicate rock-based soil...
Journal Article
Characterizing landfill extent, composition, and biogeochemical activity using electrical resistivity tomography and induced polarization under varying geomembrane coverage Available to Purchase
Journal: Geophysics
Publisher: Society of Exploration Geophysicists
Published: 10 May 2024
Geophysics (2024) 89 (4): E151–E164.
... ( > 80.4 mV / V ), signifying the presence of biogeochemically active zones. IP excels in characterizing geomembrane-covered landfill boundaries and discerning biogeochemical activity, thereby enhancing landfill monitoring and waste management strategies. The misfit errors of apparent resistivity...
Includes: Supplemental Content
Journal Article
Sightings of the Rare Globorotalia Cavernula in the Subantarctic South of Africa: Biogeochemical and Ecological Insights Open Access
Sandi M. Smart, Ralf Schiebel, Klaus P. Jochum, Sonia Chaabane, Anna Jentzen, Janne Repschläger, Brigitte Stoll, Ulrike Weis, Gerald H. Haug
Journal: Journal of Foraminiferal Research
Published: 15 April 2024
Journal of Foraminiferal Research (2024) 54 (2): 81–94.
Includes: Supplemental Content
Journal Article
New biogeochemical insights into Mesozoic terrestrial paleoecology and evidence for omnivory in troodontid dinosaurs Available to Purchase
Journal: GSA Bulletin
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Published: 15 November 2023
GSA Bulletin (2024) 136 (7-8): 2689–2701.
.... 87 – 101 , https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006390707989 . Bocherens , H. , 2000 , Preservation of isotopic signals ( 13 C, 15 N) in Pleistocene mammals , in Ambrose , S.H. , and Katzenberg , M.A. , eds ., Biogeochemical Approaches to Paleodietary Analysis : New York , Kluwer...
Journal Article
Resolving complex stratigraphic architecture across the Burlington shelf and identifying the Devonian-Carboniferous (Hangenberg) and Kinderhookian-Osagean (Tournaisian) boundary biogeochemical events in the type area of the Mississippian subsystem Available to Purchase
Matthew G. Braun, Alyssa M. Bancroft, Nicholas J. Hogancamp, Brittany M. Stolfus, Megan N. Heath, Ryan J. Clark, Stephanie Tassier-Surine, James E. Day, Bradley D. Cramer
Journal: GSA Bulletin
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Published: 20 September 2023
GSA Bulletin (2024) 136 (5-6): 2157–2177.
... the region remain uncertain. Two large biogeochemical events occurred during this interval that provide facies-independent chronostratigraphic tools: the Hangenberg event, which marks the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary, and the Kinderhookian-Osagean boundary event. To target these events, we collected 66...
Journal Article
Impact of Biogenic Magnetite Formation and Transformation on Biogeochemical Cycles Available to Purchase
Journal: Elements
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Published: 01 August 2023
Elements (2023) 19 (4): 222–227.
...Andreas Kappler; Aaron Thompson; Muammar Mansor Magnetite is a redox-active mineral that can form from both abiotic and biotic processes, and plays an active role in different biogeochemical cycles. Biogenic magnetite particles have properties that differ from their abiogenic counterparts...
Journal Article
Biogeochemical fractal characteristics of trace elements in the Shizhuyuan polymetallic mining area and their significance for prospecting Available to Purchase
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Published: 22 June 2023
Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis (2023) 23 (2): geochem2022-062.
... mining area. Biogeochemical and Number–Size fractal methods were used to evaluate the biogeochemical characteristics of trace elements in the samples and the feasibility of indicating subsurface mineral deposits. The results reveal that D. dichotoma not only has strong uptake of the active state of metal...
Journal Article
Biogeochemical Features of the Formation of the Holocene Sediments in Lake Dukhovoe at the Stage of Early Diagenesis in Eastern Baikalia Available to Purchase
G.A. Leonova, A.E. Maltsev, S.K. Krivonogov, V.A. Bobrov, V.N. Melenevskii, V.A. Bychinskii, A.A. Bogush, L.M. Kondratieva, L.V. Miroshnichenko
Journal: Russian Geology and Geophysics
Publisher: Novosibirsk State University
Published: 01 April 2023
Russ. Geol. Geophys. (2023) 64 (4): 424–451.
..., the flowing lakes, which are open dynamic systems, accumulate a significant amount of denudation products at the bottom, these products being enriched in minerals coming from a large catch basin. As the flow of lakes decreases due to climatic reasons or siltation, specific biogeochemical barriers appear...
Journal Article
Multiple Sulfur Isotope Compositions in Mesoarchean Sulfide Deposits of the Karelian Craton: Implications for Determining the Sulfur Source, Biogeochemical Processes, and Deposit Genesis Open Access
Journal: Russian Geology and Geophysics
Publisher: Novosibirsk State University
Published: 01 November 2022
Russ. Geol. Geophys. (2022) 63 (11): 1282–1299.
Journal Article
Archean Biogeochemical Cognizance from Dharwar Craton, India – A Review Available to Purchase
Publisher: Geological Society of India
Published: 01 January 2022
Jour. Geol. Soc. India (2022) 98 (1): 74–78.
... mineralization, are best geological entities to evaluate the Archean biogeochemical processes and transformation of a habitable Earth. The geochemical anomalies along with C, O and S isotopic signatures of stromatolitic carbonates, carbonaceous phyllites and sulphidic BIFs reflect on biogenic signatures...
Journal Article
Dynamic interplay of biogeochemical C, S and Ba cycles in response to the Shuram oxygenation event Free
Huan Cui, Alan J. Kaufman, Shuhai Xiao, Chuanming Zhou, Maoyan Zhu, Mengchun Cao, Sean Loyd, Peter Crockford, Xiao-Ming Liu, Steven Goderis, Wei Wang, Chengguo Guan
Journal: Journal of the Geological Society
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Published: 28 October 2021
Journal of the Geological Society (2022) 179 (2): jgs2021-081.
... (including methane), contributing to the genesis of the SE. The existence of sulfate minerals throughout the SE suggests that oxidant pools were not depleted at that time, which challenges previous modelling results. Our study highlights the dynamic interplay of biogeochemical C, S and Ba cycles in response...
Journal Article
SULFUR BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLE OF MARINE SEDIMENTS Available to Purchase
Journal: Geochemical Perspectives
Publisher: European Association for Geochemistry
Published: 01 October 2021
Geochemical Perspectives (2021) 10 (2): 145–146.
... for further studies. © 2021 European Association of Geochemistry, EAG. All rights reserved. 2021 European Association of Geochemistry SULFUR BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLE OF MARINE SEDIMENTS ABSTRACT Complex interactions between microbial communities and geochemical processes drive the major element cycles...
Journal Article
Gold particles from Kamchatka: A brief look at gold biogeochemical cycling in a distinct environment Available to Purchase
Journal: Mineralogical Magazine
Published: 22 February 2021
Mineralogical Magazine (2021) 85 (1): 68–75.
...% of all the detected ASVs from the particles. Within this phylum, Gammaproteobacteria was the most dominant class. This study contributes to the understanding of gold biogeochemical cycling in a distinct bioclimatic environment. gold biogeochemistry geomicrobiology gold particles Kamchatka gold...
Journal Article
Biogeochemical formation of metalliferous laminations in surficial environments Available to Purchase
Anicia Henne, Dave Craw, Jessica Hamilton, Anat Paz, Gemma Kerr, David Paterson, Jeremiah Shuster, Gordon Southam
Journal: Mineralogical Magazine
Published: 28 January 2021
Mineralogical Magazine (2021) 85 (1): 49–67.
...Anicia Henne; Dave Craw; Jessica Hamilton; Anat Paz; Gemma Kerr; David Paterson; Jeremiah Shuster; Gordon Southam Abstract Finely laminated (cm–μm scale) metalliferous precipitates are widespread in the surficial environment, especially around mineral deposits and reflect biogeochemical processes...
Journal Article
Biogeochemical Cycles: Ecological Drivers and Environmental Impact Free
Journal: Elements
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Published: 01 December 2020
Elements (2020) 16 (6): 430.
Journal Article
Biogeochemical Controls on the Redox Evolution of Earth’s Oceans and Atmosphere Open Access
Journal: Elements
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Published: 01 June 2020
Elements (2020) 16 (3): 191–196.
... this evolutionary trajectory remains a major problem in Earth system science. Significant insights have emerged through the application of redox-sensitive geochemical systems. Existing and emerging biogeochemical modeling tools are pushing the limits of the quantitative constraints on ocean–atmosphere redox...
Journal Article
Magnetite magnetofossils record biogeochemical remanent magnetization in hydrogenetic ferromanganese crusts Available to Purchase
Journal: Geology
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Published: 03 January 2020
Geology (2020) 48 (3): 298–302.
... electron microscopy. Furthermore, our new data from rock magnetic and electron paramagnetic resonance analyses, combined with a previously reported micro-magnetostratigraphic sequence, indicate that magnetotactic bacteria and their post-mortem remains contribute to a biogeochemical remanent magnetization...
Journal Article
Microbial Controls on the Biogeochemical Dynamics in the Subsurface Open Access
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Published: 01 September 2019
Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry (2019) 85 (1): 265–302.
...Martin Thullner; Pierre Regnier [email protected] [email protected] Copyright © 2019 by the Mineralogical Society of America 2019 Mineralogical Society of America Open access: Article available to all readers online. Biogeochemical processes are of tremendous...
Journal Article
Tree ferns and tea trees in biogeochemical exploration for epithermal Au and Ag in New Zealand Available to Purchase
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Published: 22 August 2019
Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis (2020) 20 (3): 299–314.
...C. E. Dunn; A. B. Christie Abstract Biogeochemical orientation surveys were undertaken at low sulphidation epithermal Au–Ag occurrences in the Hauraki Goldfield–Coromandel Volcanic Zone and the Taupo Volcanic Zone, and at the Waiotapu active geothermal area in the Taupo Volcanic Zone. Several plant...
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