... volcanics in the West Pilbara granite-greenstone terrane (Whundo Group), which have juvenile Nd isotope signatures and thus may represent either a rift or island-arc succession. Basaltic rocks and minor felsic tuff were deposited in the East Pilbara granite-greenstone terrane at 3.06 Ga and possibly...

...Fig. 4. Trench section of the unconformable contact between the Purdy’s Reward conglomerate and the Whundo Group basalts. The pencil marks the point of the contact, which in this field of view formed in a localized channel. ...

.... 3130 to 3115 Ma Whundo Group to the south ( Hickman, 1997a , b ; Smith et al., 1998 ). The West Pilbara granite-greenstone terrane and the Central Pilbara tectonic zone also contain other mafic intrusions that are not coeval with the ca. 2.9 Ga layered intrusions. These include folded...

... or inferred (A) intraplate and (B) subduction-related settings described in this study. The Gadwal craton parental boninites (e.g., Manikyamba et al., 2005 ) do not plot in the same field as the Whundo-type arc-basin boninites, with which they had been originally grouped. Instead, they have much higher MgO...

... 8.8 to 284 t/km 2 . When grouped according to crustal character, as indicated by lead and neodymium isotope variations, a systematic pattern emerges. Juvenile terranes, which include the Teutonic and Cue zones in the Yilgarn craton, the Whundo greenstone belt in the North Pilbara granite-greenstone...

... element (LREE)-enriched basalts in the Whim Creek Belt and the Mallina basin of the West Pilbara ( Smithies et al., 2005 ; Smithies and Champion, 2000 ), are equally short-lived; the longest (in the Whundo group) not exceeding 20 m.y. A similar episodicity is observed in the Zimbabwe craton ( Rollinson...

... Formation: Clastic   Cleaverville Formation: Clastic   sedimentary rocks and banded   sedimentary rocks and banded   iron-formation   iron-formation 3130–3115     Whundo Group: Mainly mafic volcanic       rocks with lesser felsic volcanic rocks       and volcanogenic...

... ( Fig. 2 ) unconformably overlies the ca. 3120 Ma Whundo Group that is elsewhere intruded by 3093 ± 4 Ma ( Nelson, 1997 ) granitoid gneiss. The Whim Creek Group is dominated by dacite intrusions into basalt lava and felsic-intermediate mass-flow–deposited volcanic breccia and sandstone. Its age...

... to 2.7 Ga Youanmi terrane of the western Yilgarn craton ( Wyman and Kerrich, 2012 ) and the 3.12 Ga Whundo Group on the western edge of the Pilbara Craton ( Smithies et al., 2005b ). They differ in detail from Phanerozic arc assemblages, in particular by being less porphyritic and having a complex range...

... and Dion 2002 — — Pilbara — Whundo Smithies et al. 2005 — — Greenland Isua Polat et al. 2002 — — Baltic Low-Ti tholeiite (LOTI) Superior Karelian — Shchipansky et al. 2004 — — Mariana trench, Lau Basin, New Guinea — Beccaluva and Serri 1988...

... (Mg# 0.45–0.34; Ni 32–13 ppm), but lower Th and Yb. Given Nb contents of ∼3 ppm in typical intraoceanic arc basalts, but Nb 6.3–18 ppm in the studied samples, both basalt groups qualify as NEB, and notwithstanding the compositional gap, both plot collinearly on binary diagrams; accordingly...

... , the Archean Mosquito Creek Formation was the only known significant host for lode Au and Au-Sb deposits in metasedimentary rocks in the Pilbara Craton. The bulk of Au won from the Pilbara Craton has been from the mafic volcanic rocks of the ca. 3475 to 3450 Ma Warrawoona Group rocks ( Hickman, 1983...

... supracrustal successions dominated by metamorphosed volcanic and sedimentary rocks ( Figure 2 ). These supracrustal units include the perhaps up to 15 km-thick volcano-sedimentary successions of the ca . 3.53 to 3.17 Ga Pilbara Supergroup, itself comprising four autochthonous groups: the Warrawoona, Kelly...

... 373 Major and trace element composition of copiapite-group minerals and coexisting water from the Richmond mine, Iron Mountain, California— Heather E. Jamieson, Clare Robinson, Charles N. Alpers, R. Blaine McCleskey, D. Kirk Nordstrom, and Ronald C. Peterson 387 Secondary sulfate minerals...

...), and on (Grosch et al., 2011; de Wit et al., 2011). One The Kaapvaal province of South Africa is one the west by the Kheis overthrust belt (ca. 2.0 Ga). of the best examples is the Onverwacht Group of the oldest Archean segments in the cratons The north-central Kaapvaal craton was disrupted which includes...

... of epithermal deposits is dominantly a result of preservation, not process. The North Pole Dome exposes the 3.52-to 3.43-Gyr-old Warrawoona Group, a bedded volcanosedimentary succession that was intruded by granite in the core of the dome and numerous dikes and sills of diverse but dominantly felsic...