Skip Nav Destination
Close Modal
![]()
![]()
![]()
![Figure 1. Generalized geologic map of the Puget Lowland region showing location of Snohomish River delta (SRD, area shown in Fig. 3) and selected regional crustal faults or geophysical lineaments (heavy dashed lines). Abbreviations: C—Cultus Bay; DMF—Devils Mountain fault; E—Everett; LW—Lake Washington; O—Olympia; P—Possession Sound; PS—Puget Sound; S—Seattle; SF—Seattle fault; SJ—San Juan Islands; SR—Snohomish River; SKR—Skykomish River; SNR—Snoqualmie River; SWF—southern Whidbey Island fault; T—Tacoma; W—West Point; WI—Whidbey Island. Faults based on Gower (1985) and Johnson et al. (1996, 1999a)]()
![Structural interpretation of the Devil’s of Johnson et al. (2000). Heavy black solid and dashed lines, trace of the Tertiary Primary fault; heavy grey dashed lines, inferred transfer zones between the Primary fault of the Devil’s Mountain fault and Utsalady Point fault. DMF, Devil’s Mountain fault; SWFZ, Southern Whidbey Island fault zone.]()
![Parameter space for the phase velocity model. The asterisks indicate the locations of parameter nodes for the phase velocity model. The closed curve indicates the approximate boundary of the Seattle basin based on the gravity measurements of Brocher et al. (2001). The gray patches indicate the Seattle fault zone, Tacoma fault zone, and south Whidbey Island fault (SWIF) as labeled.]()
![Stations used for this study. The closed curve indicates the approximate boundary of the Seattle basin based on the gravity measurements of Brocher et al. (2001). The gray patches indicate the Seattle fault zone, Tacoma fault zone, and south Whidbey Island fault (SWIF) as labeled. The circles indicate broadband stations of the PNSN, triangles indicate broadband stations of the Earthscope’s TA, and stars indicate stations of the 2002 SHIPS array.]()
![Shaded‐relief map of the Puget Lowlands, highlighting the study area. The black outline shows the region of mapped landslides, shown in Figure 2, and the red lines are mapped active faults (see Data and Resources). TFZ is the Tacoma fault zone, SFZ is the Seattle fault zone, and SWIFZ is the southern Whidbey Island fault zone. Inset map shows location in Washington State, U.S.A., and relation to the Cascadia Subduction Zone (CSZ) in red. The color version of this figure is available only in the electronic edition.]()
![Structural map of Johnson et al. (2000) with the locations of Seismic Hazards Investigation in Puget Sound reflection lines shown in light grey. Dark grey lines are the straight-line sections used in seismic reflection reprocessing and tomographic velocity modelling. The approximate boundary between the pre-Tertiary and Crescent basement is shown by a heavy grey dashed line. Profiles shown in this paper in Figs. 3 and 4, are demarcated by A–A′, B–B′, etc. DMF, Devil’s Mountain fault; SWFZ, Southern Whidbey Island fault zone; LRF, Leech River fault; TIF, Trial Island fault.]()
![Rayleigh wave phase velocities for periods between 2 and 10 s. Black triangles represent stations of the 2002 SHIPS array. The upper gray patch indicates the location of the south Whidbey Island fault. The lower gray patch indicates the location of the Seattle fault zone. The closed curve indicates the approximate boundary of the Seattle basin based on the gravity measurements of Brocher et al. (2001). The color version of this figure is available only in the electronic edition.]()
![Magnetic map from Blakely et al. (1999) showing the major faults and folds beneath the Puget Lowland (black arrows). The black rectangles show the Tacoma and Olympia study light detection and ranging (LiDAR) maps shown in Figures 2a and 6a, respectively. Heavy dashed lines outline the Tacoma, Seattle, and Everett basins, as determined by the contour on a tomography image at 2.5 km depth (Van Wagoner et al., 2002). SWIF: Southern Whidbey Island fault.]()
![Magnetic map from Blakely et al. (1999) showing the major faults and folds beneath the Puget Lowland (black arrows). The black rectangles show the Tacoma and Olympia study light detection and ranging (LiDAR) maps shown in Figures 2a and 6a, respectively. Heavy dashed lines outline the Tacoma, Seattle, and Everett basins, as determined by the contour on a tomography image at 2.5 km depth (Van Wagoner et al., 2002). SWIF: Southern Whidbey Island fault.]()
![(A) Topographic map of northwestern Washington and Vancouver Island. Bold lines are faults modified from Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources (2005). B—Bellingham; E—Everett; S—Seattle; T—Tacoma; O—Olympia; V—Victoria. (B) Isostatic residual gravity anomalies. BB—Bellingham basin; EB—Everett basin; SB—Seattle basin; TB—Tacoma basin; DB—Dewatto basin; DMF—Devils Mountain fault; SPF—Strawberry Point fault; UPF—Utsalady Point fault; SF—Seattle fault; TF—Tacoma fault; SWIF—southern Whidbey Island fault; SMF—Saddle Mountain fault; FCF—Frigid Creek fault; CRF—Canyon River fault; OF—Olympia fault. Dotted line is Hood Canal fault. Blue rectangles indicate areas of Figures 2, 4, and 6.]()
![Schematic of alternative permanent forearc deformation models and map of late Quaternary–Active fault traces in northern Cascadia. (a,b) Black arrows show forearc motion with respect to stable NA, and red and blue arrows show counterclockwise and clockwise rotation, respectively, of the northern and southern Cascadia forearc. Thin black lines are the approximate surface traces of late Quaternary faults shown in (c). (a) “Backstop” model: Northward migration of the Oregon block is accommodated by north–south shortening in western Washington State and southern Vancouver Island due to collision with the Canadian Coast Mountains acting as a rigid buttress (hatched region), which would induce thrust faulting on the Leech River fault (LRF). (b) “Orocline” model: Northward migration of the Oregon block is accommodated by oroclinal bending of the Cascadia forearc, which would induce right‐lateral slip on the LRF as a result of flexural slip on the northern limb of the orocline (see inset). Contemporaneous left‐lateral slip on faults south of the Olympic Mountains, as a result of flexural slip on the southern limb of the orocline, would permit westward escape of the Olympic Peninsula. (c) Late Quaternary‐active fault traces in the northern Cascadia forearc from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Quaternary fold, and fault database for the United States. Selected faults show slip sense: Canyon River (CR) and Saddle Mountain (SM) faults (Wilson et al., 1979; Walsh et al., 1997; Walsh and Logan, 2007; Witter et al., 2008; Blakely et al., 2009; Barnett et al., 2015; Bennett et al., 2017), Seattle fault zone (SFZ) (Johnson et al., 1994, 1999; Blakely et al., 2002; Nelson et al., 2003), Tacoma fault zone (TF) (Sherrod et al., 2004), North Olympic (NO) fault zone (Nelson et al., 2017; Schermer et al., 2020), southern Whidbey Island fault zone (SWIF) (Johnson et al., 1996; Sherrod et al., 2008), Boulder Creek fault (BC) (Sherrod et al., 2013), Devils Mountain fault (DM) (Johnson et al., 2001; Personius et al., 2014; Barrie and Greene, 2018). The LRF is an along‐strike continuation of the Devils Mountain fault and southern Whidbey Island fault zone. The color version of this figure is available only in the electronic edition.]()
![Depth to basement maps showing stations (black triangles) and earthquakes (white circles) used in the analysis of (a) the Seattle basin and (b) the Tualatin basin. Depth to basement values in the Seattle basin were taken from the Stephenson et al. (2017) Cascadia Velocity Model (CVM); Tualatin basin depths were taken from the McPhee et al. (2014). SWIFZ, southern Whidbey Island fault zone. Inset plots show the location of the study areas (red boxes) with respect to the states of Washington and Oregon. The color version of this figure is available only in the electronic edition.]()
![Map of the Puget Lowland. Paleoseismic sites are shown as orange dots. Ruptures studied here are shown in pink and blue; pink represents the maximum possible length of each earthquake, and blue represents the minimum. Additional faults in black are from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Quaternary fault and fold database (see Data and Resources). Shaded areas indicate urban development. Inset shows study area location. BCF, Bellingham Coastal faults; DDMF, Darrington–Devil’s Mountain fault; FCF, Frigid Creek fault; KF, Kendall fault; LCBCF, Lake Creek–Boundary Creek fault; OF, Olympia fault; SFZ, Seattle fault zone; SMF, Saddle Mountain faults; SWIF, South Whidbey Island fault zone; TF, Tacoma Fault; UPF, Utsalady Point fault.]()
![(a) Kinematic map of the Cascadia region or northwestern United States showing the study area at the north end of the northward-moving Coast Range block (from Wells et al., 1998). (b) Map of the Puget Lowland showing major faults and exposures of basement rocks. B is Bellingham; V is Victoria; S is Seattle; T is Tacoma; O is Olympia; BB is the Bellingham basin; EB is the Everett basin; SB is the Seattle basin; TB is the Tacoma basin. DMF is the Devil’s Mountain fault; SWIF is the southern Whidbey Island fault; SF is the Seattle fault; TF is the Tacoma fault; CRBF is the Coast Range Boundary fault; OF is the Olympia fault; RMF is the Rattlesnake Mountain fault; KA is the Kingston Arch; SU is the Seattle uplift. Redrawn from Brocher et al. (2001).]()
![Map showing epicenters of earthquakes used in this study (dots). Star is the epicenter of the M 6.8 Nisqually earthquake. Box is the Seattle area shown in Figures 2 and 19. Approximate limits of the Seattle basin are shown by dashed red line (roughly from Johnson et al. 1999) and traces of the Seattle fault zone (red lines) from Blakely et al. (2002). Trace of Southern Whidbey Island fault from Johnson et al. (1996). Focal mechanisms of the modeled events are shown (lower hemisphere projection; from PNSN for events 1–4; from Pitarka et al., 2004 for Nisqually earthquake).]()
![Figure 1. A: Faults in Puget Lowland of northwest Washington and southern Vancouver Island, modified after Johnson et al. (1996, 2001b). B: Three main fault traces of southern Whidbey Island fault zone, adapted from Johnson et al. (1996, 2001b). Crockett marsh and Hancock marsh straddle trace of northern fault strand. In area of incomplete seismic line coverage in Admiralty Bay, gap is shown in northern strand. U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) 1995 seismic reflection line shows fault in Admiralty Bay between Crockett and Hancock marshes (Johnson et al., 2001b). Earlier industry seismic reflection line east of USGS line does not show fault in Admiralty Bay (Johnson et al., 1996); however, industry line may not have extended far enough north to cross fault. Yellow rectangle represents area of Figure 2A. Two short white lines (labeled t) show locations of two transects in Figure 3.]()
![Tectonic setting and location of the Sadie Creek fault, modified from Duckworth (2019). (a) Plate‐tectonic setting of the Cascadia subduction zone. Plate convergence direction (black arrow) between the North American plate and Juan de Fuca plate is from DeMets et al. (2010). Triangles show Cascade volcanoes. (b) Generalized geologic map of northwestern Washington, United States, and southern Vancouver Island, Canada. Geologic units are simplified from Dragovich et al. (2002). Quaternary active faults in Washington are modified from the U.S. Geological Survey Quaternary Fault and Fold Database (see Data and Resources). Quaternary active faults within Vancouver Island are from the British Columbia Geological Survey (see Data and Resources). CLF, Cowichan Lake fault; CRF, Canyon River fault; DDMFZ, Darrington–Devils Mountain fault zone; HCF, Hood Canal fault; LCBC, Lake Creek–Boundary Creek fault; LRF, Leach River fault; PS, Puget Sound; SCF, Sadie Creek fault; SF, Seattle fault zone; SJF, San Juan fault; SMFZ, Saddle Mountain fault zone; SWIFZ, South Whidbey Island fault zone; TF, Tacoma fault. *Fault kinematics indicated for faults on which motion sense is well constrained. The color version of this figure is available only in the electronic edition.]()
![(A) Map modified from Blakely et al. (2009) showing the tectonic setting of the Puget Lowland and Olympic Peninsula. The yellow arrow shows the regional direction of strain relative to North America (McCaffrey et al., 2007). This strain causes north-south compression that is buttressed by the stable Canadian craton and results in 4.4 ± 0.3 mm/yr of permanent shortening being accommodated across the Puget Lowland region. FCF—Frigid Creek fault; HRF—Hurricane Ridge fault; OF—Olympia fault; OU—Olympia uplift; SB—Seattle Basin; SF—Seattle fault; SMF—Saddle Mountain East and Saddle Mountain West faults; SMDZ—Saddle Mountain deformation zone; SU—Seattle uplift; TB—Tacoma Basin; TF—Tacoma fault. Other regional faults not referred to in this research but shown in Figure 1: CRF—Canyon River fault; DMF—Devils Mountain fault; EB—Everett basin; KA—Kingston arch; LRF—Leech River fault; RMF—Rattlesnake Mountain fault; SCF—Straight Creek fault; SWIF—southern Whidbey Island fault; WRF—White River fault. (B) Geological map modified from Schuster (2005) and Blakely et al. (2009).]()
1-20 OF 118 RESULTS FOR
Whidbey Island Fault
Results shown limited to content with bounding coordinates.
Follow your search
Access your saved searches in your account
Would you like to receive an alert when new items match your search?
1
Journal Article
The southern Whidbey Island fault: An active structure in the Puget Lowland, Washington Available to Purchase
Journal: GSA Bulletin
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Published: 01 March 1996
GSA Bulletin (1996) 108 (3): 334–354.
...Samuel Y. Johnson; Christopher J. Potter; John J. Miller; John M. Armentrout; Carol Finn; Craig S. Weaver Abstract Information from seismic-reflection profiles, outcrops, boreholes, and potential field surveys is used to interpret the structure and history of the southern Whidbey Island fault...
Journal Article
Land-level changes from a late Holocene earthquake in the northern Puget Lowland, Washington Available to Purchase
Journal: Geology
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Published: 01 June 2004
Geology (2004) 32 (6): 469–472.
...Harvey M. Kelsey; Brian Sherrod; Samuel Y. Johnson; Shawn V. Dadisman Abstract An earthquake, probably generated on the southern Whidbey Island fault zone, caused 1–2 m of ground-surface uplift on central Whidbey Island ∼2800–3200 yr ago. The cause of the uplift is a fold that grew coseismically...
FIGURES
| View All (4)
Image
Figure 1. Generalized geologic map of the Puget Lowland region showing loca... Available to Purchase
in Geologic evidence of earthquakes at the Snohomish delta, Washington, in the past 1200 yr
> GSA Bulletin
Published: 01 April 2001
Washington; O—Olympia; P—Possession Sound; PS—Puget Sound; S—Seattle; SF—Seattle fault; SJ—San Juan Islands; SR—Snohomish River; SKR—Skykomish River; SNR—Snoqualmie River; SWF—southern Whidbey Island fault; T—Tacoma; W—West Point; WI—Whidbey Island. Faults based on Gower (1985) and Johnson et al. (1996
Image
Structural interpretation of the Devil’s of Johnson et al. ( 2000 ). Heavy ... Available to Purchase
in Structural variation along the Devil’s Mountain fault zone, northwestern Washington
> Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
Published: 04 May 2006
Mountain fault; SWFZ, Southern Whidbey Island fault zone.
Image
Parameter space for the phase velocity model. The asterisks indicate the lo... Available to Purchase
in Basin Shear-Wave Velocities beneath Seattle, Washington, from Noise-Correlation Rayleigh Waves
> Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
Published: 01 October 2011
indicate the Seattle fault zone, Tacoma fault zone, and south Whidbey Island fault ( SWIF ) as labeled.
Image
Stations used for this study. The closed curve indicates the approximate bo... Available to Purchase
in Basin Shear-Wave Velocities beneath Seattle, Washington, from Noise-Correlation Rayleigh Waves
> Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
Published: 01 October 2011
Figure 3. Stations used for this study. The closed curve indicates the approximate boundary of the Seattle basin based on the gravity measurements of Brocher et al. (2001) . The gray patches indicate the Seattle fault zone, Tacoma fault zone, and south Whidbey Island fault ( SWIF ) as labeled
Image
Shaded‐relief map of the Puget Lowlands, highlighting the study area. The b... Available to Purchase
in Evidence of Seattle Fault Earthquakes from Patterns in Deep‐Seated Landslides
> Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
Published: 07 November 2023
, and SWIFZ is the southern Whidbey Island fault zone. Inset map shows location in Washington State, U.S.A., and relation to the Cascadia Subduction Zone (CSZ) in red. The color version of this figure is available only in the electronic edition.
Image
Structural map of Johnson et al. ( 2000 ) with the locations of Seismic Haz... Available to Purchase
in Structural variation along the Devil’s Mountain fault zone, northwestern Washington
> Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
Published: 04 May 2006
boundary between the pre-Tertiary and Crescent basement is shown by a heavy grey dashed line. Profiles shown in this paper in Figs. 3 and 4 , are demarcated by A–A′, B–B′, etc. DMF, Devil’s Mountain fault; SWFZ, Southern Whidbey Island fault zone; LRF, Leech River fault; TIF, Trial Island fault.
Image
Rayleigh wave phase velocities for periods between 2 and 10 s. Black triang... Available to Purchase
in Basin Shear-Wave Velocities beneath Seattle, Washington, from Noise-Correlation Rayleigh Waves
> Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
Published: 01 October 2011
Figure 7. Rayleigh wave phase velocities for periods between 2 and 10 s. Black triangles represent stations of the 2002 SHIPS array. The upper gray patch indicates the location of the south Whidbey Island fault. The lower gray patch indicates the location of the Seattle fault zone. The closed
Image
Magnetic map from Blakely et al. (1999) showing the major faults and fo... Available to Purchase
in High-Resolution Seismic Reflection Imaging of Growth Folding and Shallow Faults beneath the Southern Puget Lowland, Washington State
> Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
Published: 01 August 2010
outline the Tacoma, Seattle, and Everett basins, as determined by the contour on a tomography image at 2.5 km depth ( Van Wagoner et al. , 2002 ). SWIF: Southern Whidbey Island fault.
Image
Magnetic map from Blakely et al. (1999) showing the major faults and fo... Available to Purchase
in High-Resolution Seismic Reflection Imaging of Growth Folding and Shallow Faults beneath the Southern Puget Lowland, Washington State
> Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
Published: 01 August 2010
outline the Tacoma, Seattle, and Everett basins, as determined by the contour on a tomography image at 2.5 km depth ( Van Wagoner et al. , 2002 ). SWIF: Southern Whidbey Island fault.
Image
(A) Topographic map of northwestern Washington and Vancouver Island. Bold l... Open Access
in Saddle Mountain fault deformation zone, Olympic Peninsula, Washington: Western boundary of the Seattle uplift
> Geosphere
Published: 01 April 2009
—Bellingham basin; EB—Everett basin; SB—Seattle basin; TB—Tacoma basin; DB—Dewatto basin; DMF—Devils Mountain fault; SPF—Strawberry Point fault; UPF—Utsalady Point fault; SF—Seattle fault; TF—Tacoma fault; SWIF—southern Whidbey Island fault; SMF—Saddle Mountain fault; FCF—Frigid Creek fault; CRF—Canyon River
Image
Schematic of alternative permanent forearc deformation models and map of la... Available to Purchase
in Paleoseismic Trenching Reveals Late Quaternary Kinematics of the Leech River Fault: Implications for Forearc Strain Accumulation in Northern Cascadia
> Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
Published: 26 January 2021
(NO) fault zone ( Nelson et al. , 2017 ; Schermer et al. , 2020 ), southern Whidbey Island fault zone (SWIF) ( Johnson et al. , 1996 ; Sherrod et al. , 2008 ), Boulder Creek fault (BC) ( Sherrod et al. , 2013 ), Devils Mountain fault (DM) ( Johnson et al. , 2001 ; Personius et al. , 2014 ; Barrie
Image
Depth to basement maps showing stations (black triangles) and earthquakes (... Available to Purchase
in Structure and Q P – Q S Relations in the Seattle and Tualatin Basins from Converted Seismic Phases
> Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
Published: 04 May 2021
); Tualatin basin depths were taken from the McPhee et al. (2014) . SWIFZ, southern Whidbey Island fault zone. Inset plots show the location of the study areas (red boxes) with respect to the states of Washington and Oregon. The color version of this figure is available only in the electronic edition.
Image
Map of the Puget Lowland. Paleoseismic sites are shown as orange dots. Rupt... Available to Purchase
in Improving Paleoseismic Earthquake Magnitude Estimates with Rupture Length Information: Application to the Puget Lowland, Washington State, U.S.A.
> Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
Published: 15 December 2020
fault; SFZ, Seattle fault zone; SMF, Saddle Mountain faults; SWIF, South Whidbey Island fault zone; TF, Tacoma Fault; UPF, Utsalady Point fault.
Image
(a) Kinematic map of the Cascadia region or northwestern United States show... Available to Purchase
in Structure of the Eastern Seattle Fault Zone, Washington State: New Insights from Seismic Reflection Data
> Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
Published: 01 August 2008
is Victoria; S is Seattle; T is Tacoma; O is Olympia; BB is the Bellingham basin; EB is the Everett basin; SB is the Seattle basin; TB is the Tacoma basin. DMF is the Devil’s Mountain fault; SWIF is the southern Whidbey Island fault; SF is the Seattle fault; TF is the Tacoma fault; CRBF is the Coast Range
Image
Map showing epicenters of earthquakes used in this study (dots). Star is th... Available to Purchase
in Sedimentary Basin Effects in Seattle, Washington: Ground-Motion Observations and 3D Simulations
> Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
Published: 01 June 2009
) and traces of the Seattle fault zone (red lines) from Blakely et al. (2002) . Trace of Southern Whidbey Island fault from Johnson et al. (1996) . Focal mechanisms of the modeled events are shown (lower hemisphere projection; from PNSN for events 1–4; from Pitarka et al. , 2004 for Nisqually
Image
Figure 1. A: Faults in Puget Lowland of northwest Washington and southern V... Available to Purchase
in Land-level changes from a late Holocene earthquake in the northern Puget Lowland, Washington
> Geology
Published: 01 June 2004
Figure 1. A: Faults in Puget Lowland of northwest Washington and southern Vancouver Island, modified after Johnson et al. (1996 , 2001b ). B: Three main fault traces of southern Whidbey Island fault zone, adapted from Johnson et al. (1996 , 2001b ). Crockett marsh and Hancock marsh straddle
Image
Tectonic setting and location of the Sadie Creek fault, modified from Duck... Available to Purchase
in Postglacial M w 7.0–7.5 Earthquakes on the North Olympic Fault Zone, Washington
> Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
Published: 27 October 2020
, Lake Creek–Boundary Creek fault; LRF, Leach River fault; PS, Puget Sound; SCF, Sadie Creek fault; SF, Seattle fault zone; SJF, San Juan fault; SMFZ, Saddle Mountain fault zone; SWIFZ, South Whidbey Island fault zone; TF, Tacoma fault. *Fault kinematics indicated for faults on which motion sense is well
Image
(A) Map modified from Blakely et al. (2009) showing the tectonic setting ... Open Access
in Western limits of the Seattle fault zone and its interaction with the Olympic Peninsula, Washington
> Geosphere
Published: 01 August 2012
—Rattlesnake Mountain fault; SCF—Straight Creek fault; SWIF—southern Whidbey Island fault; WRF—White River fault. (B) Geological map modified from Schuster (2005) and Blakely et al. (2009) .
1
