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![Fig. 5. West Peko Cu-Au-Bi deposit. A. Photomicrograph of radial aggregates of lamellar and tapering crystals, once hematite or Fe oxyhydroxide, now altered to magnetite I pseudomorphs and overgrown by darker gray magnetite II and outermost magnetite III. Chalcopyrite (white) and stilpnomelane (black) are interstitial to magnetite III. WP13, 621.75 m, reflected light. B. Photomicrograph of growth zoned magnetite I or II euhedra partially replaced by pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite. Black areas are chlorite 2B and stilpnomelane. WP14/W2, 704.0 m, reflected light. C. Photomicrograph of a chalcopyrite veinlet cutting magnetite II, with margin of euhedral magnetite III and associated Au. Chalcopyrite is partially replaced by greenalite (black fibers, e.g., lower right). Large black semicircle is an ink mark. WP13, 654.5 m, reflected light, scale bar 250 μm. D. Photomicrograph of magnetite-chlorite 2B relict aggregates veined or replaced by early pyrite (Py 1), which is itself partially replaced by chalcopyrite (cpy), pyrrhotite (po) and bismuthinite (bism). WP14/W1, 700.2 m, reflected light. E. En echelon, gently sigmoidal extension veins of pyrrhotite and fibrous minnesotaite cutting magnetite-minnesotaite ironstone. WP13, 643.3 m. F. Chalcopyrite-Au-pyrrhotite-cosalite veinlets and replacements (white) in massive magnetite ironstone (dark gray), overprinted by wispy pyrrhotite replacements (medium gray, e.g., center-top). Some chalcopyrite veinlets show crudely en echelon, sigmoidal geometry indicative of syndeformational formation. WP13, 624.15 m. G. Fluid inclusion type ii containing liquid (L), vapor (V) and accidentally trapped sphere of native bismuth (Bi). WP15/W1, 645.5. H. Pseudosecondary fluid inclusion trail containing only vapor-rich inclusions in a quartz-chalcopyrite-calcite vein cutting Au-Cu-Bi ore. The vapor is N2 + CH4. WP13, 634.5B.]()
![Fig. 12. Fluid inclusion homogenization temperatures (Th) versus salinity (wt % NaCl equiv) for inclusion types i, ii, and iv. A. West Peko deposit, data for quartz-hosted inclusions in three Au-Bi ± Cu mineralized samples (WP13 634.5B, WP15/W1 645.5, WP14 732.2). Bi = native bismuth, bism = bismuthinite, cal = calcite, cos = cosalite, cpy = chalcopyrite, po = pyrrhotite, qtz = quartz. B. Eldorado Au deposit: data for liquid-vapor inclusions texturally associated with Au-bismuth sulfosalts (Au-Bi zone), in comparison with inclusions in a brecciation-stage quartz hematite-chlorite vein with rare chalcopyrite. Data for fluid inclusions in ironstone-stage quartz are indicated. The Eldorado inclusions with salinities >30 wt percent NaCl equiv are liquid-vapor-halite inclusions that homogenized by halite dissolution.]()
![Fig. 4. Paragenetic sequence of minerals in the West Peko Cu-Au-Bi deposit.]()
![Fig. 1. Regional Paleoproterozoic geology of the Tennant Creek gold field (part of the Tennant Creek inlier), Northern Territory, and location of the principal Au, Cu and Bi deposits (filled squares). Geology and stratigraphy after Donnellan et al. (1995), with minor modifications from Le Messurier et al. (1990) and Donnellan (pers. commun., 2000). Abbreviations (commodities): A = Argo (Au), E = Eldorado (Au), G = Gecko (Cu-Au-Bi), I = Ivanhoe (Au-Cu), J = Juno (Au-Bi), N = Nobles Nob (Au), NS = North Star (Au), O = Orlando (Au-Cu), P = Peko (Cu-Au-Bi), T = TC8 (Au-Bi-Cu), W = Warrego (Au-Cu-Bi), WD = White Devil (Au-Bi), WP = West Peko (Cu-Au-Bi).]()
![Fig. 20. Schematic cross sections of Au-Cu-Bi deposit evolution in the Tennant Creek gold field, and inset phase diagrams showing generalized log fO2 and log aSigma;S conditions. A. Ironstone-stage hydrothermal and structural processes during D1 deformation. B. Au-Cu-Bi–stage processes during D2 time, in the reduced subtype of deposits (e.g., West Peko); note the shear-hosted Au ore outside ironstone. C. Au-Bi deposition in the oxidized subtype of deposits, illustrated for deposits characterized by brittle D2 deformation (e.g., Eldorado).]()
![Fig. 18. Log fO2 vs. log aΣS diagram showing gold solubility and speciation in relation to Fe-O-S phases, at 300°C and 1,500 bars, pH = 5, aNa+ = aCl– = 0.8. Contours for activities of 10–6 (~200 ppb), 10–7 (~20 ppb) and 10–8 (~2 ppb) of gold complexes are illustrated; gold saturation occurs within the shaded field. A reaction path at West Peko (labeled α, β), traversing toward lower gold solubility, is indicated. Possible depositional conditions at the oxidized Eldorado gold deposit are shown.]()
![Fig. 7. A. Chlorite Mg/(Mg + Fe) versus Si (atomic) compositions of textural types in West Peko lodes 1 and 2 and in the metasediment-hosted Au zone, in comparison with type 1 chlorite of metamorphic origin in least-altered metasedimentary rocks. B. Chlorite Si (atomic) versus Mg/(Mg + Fe) compositions of textural types, Eldorado Deeps Au deposit (DDH 14, 15, 22, 37A, 40). Fields are superimposed for textural types in barren ironstone at Eldorado anomaly 5 (DDH8) and in weakly Au mineralized ironstone at anomaly 2E (DDH5A; Fig. 8).]()
![Fig. 14. Log fO2 vs. log aΣS diagram of phases in the system Fe-O-S-Si-Al-K for 300°C, vapor pressure, with excess quartz and water, at pH = 5. Thermodynamic activities of end-member silicates as follows: aFe stilpnomelane = 0.1, adaphnite = 0.01, aFe minnesotaite = 0.33 (using the activity-composition models in Table 7). A desulfidation-oxidation reaction path is shown for the West Peko ore fluid, traversing from chlorite to stilpnomelane to minnesotaite stability fields. Possible conditions during Au deposition at Eldorado are also shown. Thermodynamic data for stilpnomelane from Miyano and Klein (1989); data for minnesotaite from Miyano and Klein (1983). No molar volume data are available for minnesotaite and hence the diagram is constructed at saturated water vapor pressure.]()
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West Peko Deposit
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Journal Article
Reduced and Oxidized Au-Cu-Bi Iron Oxide Deposits of the Tennant Creek Inlier, Australia: An Integrated Geologic and Chemical Model Available to Purchase
Journal: Economic Geology
Publisher: Society of Economic Geologists
Published: 01 September 2002
Economic Geology (2002) 97 (6): 1167–1202.
... divergent chemical conditions that cannot be reconciled by the action of a single fluid. We have identified both reducing and oxidizing fluids that helped to form the Au-Cu-Bi deposits. At the West Peko deposit, which represents the reduced end-member subtype, constraints from oxide-silicate-sulfide mineral...
FIGURES
Image
F ig . 5. West Peko Cu-Au-Bi deposit. A. Photomicrograph of radial aggregat... Available to Purchase
in Reduced and Oxidized Au-Cu-Bi Iron Oxide Deposits of the Tennant Creek Inlier, Australia: An Integrated Geologic and Chemical Model
> Economic Geology
Published: 01 September 2002
F ig . 5. West Peko Cu-Au-Bi deposit. A. Photomicrograph of radial aggregates of lamellar and tapering crystals, once hematite or Fe oxyhydroxide, now altered to magnetite I pseudomorphs and overgrown by darker gray magnetite II and outermost magnetite III. Chalcopyrite (white) and stilpnomelane
Image
F ig . 12. Fluid inclusion homogenization temperatures (T h ) versus salini... Available to Purchase
in Reduced and Oxidized Au-Cu-Bi Iron Oxide Deposits of the Tennant Creek Inlier, Australia: An Integrated Geologic and Chemical Model
> Economic Geology
Published: 01 September 2002
F ig . 12. Fluid inclusion homogenization temperatures (T h ) versus salinity (wt % NaCl equiv) for inclusion types i, ii, and iv. A. West Peko deposit, data for quartz-hosted inclusions in three Au-Bi ± Cu mineralized samples (WP13 634.5B, WP15/W1 645.5, WP14 732.2). Bi = native bismuth, bism
Image
F ig . 4. Paragenetic sequence of minerals in the West Peko Cu-Au-Bi deposi... Available to Purchase
in Reduced and Oxidized Au-Cu-Bi Iron Oxide Deposits of the Tennant Creek Inlier, Australia: An Integrated Geologic and Chemical Model
> Economic Geology
Published: 01 September 2002
F ig . 4. Paragenetic sequence of minerals in the West Peko Cu-Au-Bi deposit.
Image
F ig . 1. Regional Paleoproterozoic geology of the Tennant Creek gold field... Available to Purchase
in Reduced and Oxidized Au-Cu-Bi Iron Oxide Deposits of the Tennant Creek Inlier, Australia: An Integrated Geologic and Chemical Model
> Economic Geology
Published: 01 September 2002
-Cu-Bi), WD = White Devil (Au-Bi), WP = West Peko (Cu-Au-Bi).
Image
F ig . 20. Schematic cross sections of Au-Cu-Bi deposit evolution in the Te... Available to Purchase
in Reduced and Oxidized Au-Cu-Bi Iron Oxide Deposits of the Tennant Creek Inlier, Australia: An Integrated Geologic and Chemical Model
> Economic Geology
Published: 01 September 2002
during D 2 time, in the reduced subtype of deposits (e.g., West Peko); note the shear-hosted Au ore outside ironstone. C. Au-Bi deposition in the oxidized subtype of deposits, illustrated for deposits characterized by brittle D 2 deformation (e.g., Eldorado).
Image
F ig . 18. Log f O 2 vs. log a ΣS diagram showing gold solubility and sp... Available to Purchase
in Reduced and Oxidized Au-Cu-Bi Iron Oxide Deposits of the Tennant Creek Inlier, Australia: An Integrated Geologic and Chemical Model
> Economic Geology
Published: 01 September 2002
saturation occurs within the shaded field. A reaction path at West Peko (labeled α, β), traversing toward lower gold solubility, is indicated. Possible depositional conditions at the oxidized Eldorado gold deposit are shown.
Image
F ig . 7. A. Chlorite Mg/(Mg + Fe) versus Si (atomic) compositions of textu... Available to Purchase
in Reduced and Oxidized Au-Cu-Bi Iron Oxide Deposits of the Tennant Creek Inlier, Australia: An Integrated Geologic and Chemical Model
> Economic Geology
Published: 01 September 2002
F ig . 7. A. Chlorite Mg/(Mg + Fe) versus Si (atomic) compositions of textural types in West Peko lodes 1 and 2 and in the metasediment-hosted Au zone, in comparison with type 1 chlorite of metamorphic origin in least-altered metasedimentary rocks. B. Chlorite Si (atomic) versus Mg/(Mg + Fe
Image
F ig . 14. Log f O 2 vs. log a ΣS diagram of phases in the system Fe-O-S... Available to Purchase
in Reduced and Oxidized Au-Cu-Bi Iron Oxide Deposits of the Tennant Creek Inlier, Australia: An Integrated Geologic and Chemical Model
> Economic Geology
Published: 01 September 2002
the activity-composition models in Table 7 ). A desulfidation-oxidation reaction path is shown for the West Peko ore fluid, traversing from chlorite to stilpnomelane to minnesotaite stability fields. Possible conditions during Au deposition at Eldorado are also shown. Thermodynamic data for stilpnomelane from
Journal Article
Late Cenozoic paleogeographic evolution of northeastern Nevada: Evidence from the sedimentary basins Open Access
Journal: Geosphere
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Published: 01 February 2008
Geosphere (2008) 4 (1): 36–74.
... landscape, in places filling east- and west-draining paleovalleys ( Henry and Ressel, 2000 ; Henry, 2008 ). Virtually all of this igneous activity had ceased by ca. 38 Ma in northeastern Nevada ( Haynes, 2003 ). Major gold deposits, some of which formed near coeval late Eocene igneous centers...
FIGURES
Journal Article
A Review of Iron Oxide Copper-Gold Deposits, with Focus on the Wernecke Breccias, Yukon, Canada, as an Example of a Non-Magmatic End Member and Implications for IOCG Genesis and Classification Available to Purchase
Journal: Exploration and Mining Geology
Published: 01 July 2007
Exploration and Mining Geology (2007) 16 (3-4): 209–232.
... of heat and metals for the Tennant Creek deposits are not clear ( Large, 1975 ; Wedekind and Love, 1990 ; Skirrow and Walshe, 2002 ). The West Peko deposit occurs several hundred meters above a 300 to 500 m-thick stratiform quartz-potassium feldspar-plagioclase porphyry, and geophysical data...
FIGURES
Journal Article
Electron Probe Microanalyses of Chlorites from Low Grade Metamorphic Rocks of Tennant Creek Area Central Australia Available to Purchase
Publisher: Geological Society of India
Published: 01 December 1976
Jour. Geol. Soc. India (1976) 17 (4): 471–483.
... favourable structures for the localisation of gold and copper deposits in the Warramunga rocks. According to Whittle (1966) the period of mineralisation was after the intrusion of lamprophyre dykes in the Middle and Upper Proterozoic times. Gold and copper deposits, though distinctive in their mineral...
Journal Article
SORTING OUT NUCLEAR CONCERNS: THE AUSTRALIAN URANIUM DEBATE FROM JERVIS BAY TO RINGWOOD’S SYNROC Available to Purchase
Journal: Earth Sciences History
Publisher: History of Earth Sciences Society
Published: 01 April 2017
Earth Sciences History (2017) 36 (1): 116–141.
... than 100,000 tons in all, though of lower grade) were simultaneously disclosed by the Australian companies Peko Mines NL 15 and Electrolytic Zinc Company of Australasia. They were located at the Ranger I prospect, about fifty kilometers to the south-west of Nabarlek. Another deposit—now known...
FIGURES
Journal Article
Spatial Distribution of Damage Caused by the 1999 Earthquakes in Turkey Available to Purchase
Journal: Earthquake Spectra
Publisher: Earthquake Engineering Research Institute
Published: 01 February 2005
Earthquake Spectra (2005) 21 (1): 53–69.
... deposits. Available logs of deep borings made by DSI (State Water Works) and reports by TUBI TAK (1999a, b), show that these deposits are composed of layers of clay, sand, and gravel. The average depth to bedrock varies between 200 and 250 meters (Figure 5). This information does not indicate...
Journal Article
Crustal Structure in the Elko-Carlin Region, Nevada, during Eocene Gold Mineralization: Ruby-East Humboldt Metamorphic Core Complex as a Guide to the Deep Crust Available to Purchase
Journal: Economic Geology
Publisher: Society of Economic Geologists
Published: 01 April 2003
Economic Geology (2003) 98 (2): 249–268.
...Keith A. Howard Abstract The deep crustal rocks exposed in the Ruby-East Humboldt metamorphic core complex, northeastern Nevada, provide a guide for reconstructing Eocene crustal structure ~50 km to the west near the Carlin trend of gold deposits. The deep crustal rocks, in the footwall of a west...
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Journal Article
Australian Proterozoic Iron Oxide-Cu-Au Deposits: An Overview with New Metallogenic and Exploration Data from the Cloncurry District, Northwest Queensland Available to Purchase
Journal: Exploration and Mining Geology
Published: 01 July 2001
Exploration and Mining Geology (2001) 10 (3): 191–213.
... a positive correlation of ε Nd and Cu-Au grade in ores from the West Peko deposit with the higher ε Nd values of around -2 interpreted to reflect input of REE from mafic rocks. He also suggested that mixing of oxidized and reduced fluids may have operated in conjuction with fluid-ironstone reactions...
FIGURES
Journal Article
Inversion and interpretation of a 3D seismic data set from the Ouachita Mountains, Oklahoma Available to Purchase
Journal: Geophysics
Publisher: Society of Exploration Geophysicists
Published: 20 February 2009
Geophysics (2009) 74 (2): B37–B45.
... accumulated ( Houseknecht, 1986 ), and “Ouachita facies” deepwater sediments were deposited ( Suneson and Campbell, 1990 ). Sedimentary rocks in the Arkoma Basin vary in thickness from 1000 to 7000 m and consist primarily of pre-Mississippian carbonate shelf deposits, organic-rich Mississippian marine shales...
FIGURES
Journal Article
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MINERAL NAMES: SECOND UPDATE Available to Purchase
Journal: The Canadian Mineralogist
Publisher: Mineralogical Association of Canada
Published: 01 August 2001
The Canadian Mineralogist (2001) 39 (4): 1199–1218.
..., Pirquitas Ag–Sn deposit, 135 km west of Abra Pampa, Province of Jujuy, northwestern Argentina. Paar, W.H. et al. ( 2000 ): Am. Mineral. 85 , 1066 . Pb 10 (SO 4 )O 7 Cl 4 (H 2 O), triclinic, B 1̅ Orlandi, P. et al. ( 2000 ): Eur. J. Mineral. 11 , 949 . Jambor, J.L. ( 2000...
Journal Article
SEG Newsletter 9 (April) Available to Purchase
Journal: SEG Discovery
Publisher: Society of Economic Geologists
Published: 01 April 1992
SEG Discovery (1992) (09): 1–28.
... for its Lynne Project with the drastically. The division has been a valuable resource to the mining Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. The Lynne deposit is industry through its geologic and topographic mapping programs as well located west ofRhinelander in Oneida County. The Notification of Intent...
Journal Article
Iron Oxide Copper-Gold (IOCG) Deposits through Earth History: Implications for Origin, Lithospheric Setting, and Distinction from Other Epigenetic Iron Oxide Deposits Available to Purchase
Journal: Economic Geology
Publisher: Society of Economic Geologists
Published: 01 May 2010
Economic Geology (2010) 105 (3): 641–654.
...David I. Groves; Frank P. Bierlein; Lawrence D. Meinert; Murray W. Hitzman Abstract The iron oxide copper-gold (IOCG) group of deposits, initially defined following discovery of the giant Olympic Dam Cu-U-Au deposit, has progressively become too-embracing when associated deposits and potential end...
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