... flooding, variable foundation conditions, slope instability on the Port Hills, and coastal erosion. The Waimakariri River with its catchment in the Southern Alps, regularly flooded Christchurch prior to stopbank construction and river realignment, which began shortly after the city was established in 1850...

...Figure 2. ▴ 1926 photograph of the Waimakariri River overflowing its banks in Christchurch. ( Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand 2010 .) ...

...Figure 5 —(A) Contours along the Waimakariri River. Note the progradational coastal zone, the zone of minimal erosion (knickpoint), and the valley entrenchment that increases landward of the knickpoint due to isostatic uplift. Also note how the valley tapers seaward. The contour interval...

...Fig. 9. a) Waimakariri River and narrow constriction at the Waimakariri Gorge. b) Rakaia River and narrow constriction at Rakaia Gorge. ...

... in the northeastern end of the Canterbury Plains, about 20 km north of Christchurch ( Figure 1 ). The Kaiapoi River, which cuts through the center of the town, joins the Waimakariri River on the eastern edge of the town and flows to the sea. In terms of liquefaction during the 2010 earthquake, Kaiapoi was probably...

... of liquefaction features was due to the abundance of fine sand and silt and the shallow water table beneath much of the Christchurch and coastal areas. Minor liquefaction occurred along the Waimakariri and Ashley rivers, with the most distal sites of liquefaction 80 km northeast of the epicenter near Sefton...

... by the Waimakariri River during its avulsion across the Canterbury Plains and subsequent overbank flow ( Cowie, 1957 ; Brown and Weeber, 1992 ). The sediments in eastern Canterbury were deposited during shoreline progradation and marine regression following the mid‐Holocene highstand with shorelines recorded up...

... liquefaction maps through calibration against the prehistoric record. Our field area contains sedimentary deposits of the Springston Formation ( Brown and Weeber, 1992 ) that are associated with the evolution of the Waimakariri River. Postglacial surfaces are found near the lower Waimakariri River...

...—Panama; NEP—Nepal; WY—Wyoming; AK—Alaska; COn—Colorado north, Platte drainage; NZe—New Zealand east, Waimakariri drainage; NZw—New Zealand west, Grey drainage; COs— Colorado south, Arkansas drainage; AZ—Arizona Because of the limited sample size of 10 rivers, DHG trends within a single river basin...

... corresponding to the flow direction in some cases. In these cases, the shapes of the curves are also similar for the different values of d. In the case of the Waimakariri A and Shotover river sites, the inclination index exhibits a sinusoidal shape with single peaks at angles that are similar...

... glaciers, especially of Jacks Stream and Ferintosh ages, are common to the south. In some areas, rock glaciers that have long been inactive have recently been reactivated. Data from moraines in the Waimakariri Drainage and the Mount Cook, Cameron Valley, and Rakaia River areas improve previous correlations...