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![First thumbnail for: The Campotosto linkage fault zone between the 2009...]()
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![Twenty-four-hour interval forecasting of Mw > 3 earthquakes following the M5.9 2016 Visso earthquake and including the M6.5 October 2016 Norcia earthquake via the G20sm_ab_6 (left) and G20sm_6 (right) models. The input seismicity history is updated every 24 h, that is, before each new forecast. The error bars refer to the 5%/95% percentiles of the ETAS simulations.]()
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![(a) Map of the area affected by the 2016–2017 Amatrice–Visso–Norcia–Capitignano earthquake sequence, showing the distribution of all events with magnitude M 2.5+. The inset indicates the exact location of the study area (the white rectangle). The coloring indicates the number of days elapsed since the Amatrice mainshock of 24 August 2016. The distribution of the seismicity is plotted along two sections, (b) and (c), parallel and perpendicular, respectively, to the average strike of the entire fault system activated during the sequence. The trace of the section parallel to the fault system (b) is indicated in the map (a) by a red line, the trace referred in (c) is just perpendicular to (b) and goes through the epicentral location of the Amatrice earthquake of 24 August 2016 (shown by a yellow star). The color version of this figure is available only in the electronic edition.]()
![Epicenters of 55,000 events from the 2009 L’Aquila sequence (coded by depth in gray) and the 2016 AVN sequence (coded by depth in green) in the Apennines of Italy. The two earthquake sequences that span the area between Visso and L’Aquila are associated with three dominant geological domains. These include Lazio-Abruzzo, Umbria-Marche, and the Laga Formation (see legend). The yellow box indicates the overlap between the 2009 L’Aquila and 2016 AVN sequences and expanded in Figure S2 (see text footnote 1).]()
![(a) Average source‐station S‐wave path kappa κ˜(r) calculated from the records of the Amatrice earthquake (Mw 6.0) of 24 August 2016 (solid line), from foreshock (asterisk), from 15 days of aftershocks (circles), from 30 days of aftershocks (triangles), from 3 months of aftershocks (crosses), and from 2 months of aftershocks (diamonds). The κ˜(r) is calculated using foreshocks of the Norcia earthquake is represented with filled squares. (b) κ˜(r) is calculated from foreshocks (continuous line) and aftershocks (circles) of the Visso earthquake (Mw 5.9) of 26 October 2016.]()
![Map of the events (stars) and accelerometric stations (triangles) used in this work. The stations are colored according to their Eurocode 8 (EC8) classification (see color bar). The three mainshocks of the central Italy sequence are colored: 24 August 2016 Mw 6.0 Amatrice earthquake (yellow star), 26 October 2016 Mw 5.9 Visso earthquake (orange star), and 30 October 2016 Mw 6.5 Norcia earthquake (red star); while all the other earthquakes are shown as black stars. We also highlighted the ACT and T1244 stations and the earthquakes for which we show waveforms and acceleration response spectra (RSA) in other figures. The inset in upper‐right corner reports the Italian map, the red box delimits the area showed in the bigger picture.]()
![Graphical representation of the equivalent magnitude of the central Apennines fault system-related historical earthquakes of central Italy versus time and seismic cycle (modified after Tondi and Cello, 2003). The cumulative displacements for the 2009 L′Aquila and 2016 Amatrice-Visso-Norcia earthquakes are from Cheloni et al. (2014) and Walters et al. (2018). The historical earthquakes reported in the table are those originally included in Tondi and Cello (2003) based on seismic catalogues cited therein. Imax—maximum intensity; Me—equivalent magnitude; Mw—moment magnitude.]()
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![Vertical sections of stress‐drop anomalies ϵ, computed as residuals with respect to the values predicted by equation (9). Maps are generated using ordinary kriging (Hiemstra et al., 2008), and event locations are shown as white dots, coordinates are given in UTM, zone 33, datum WGS84 (Pebesma and Bivand, 2005). In the lower panel, the locations of the Mw 6.1 2009 L’Aquila, Mw 6 2016 Amatrice, Mw 6.5 Norcia, and Mw 5.9 Visso earthquakes are indicated by labels. The color version of this figure is available only in the electronic edition.]()
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![(A) Map of distribution of earthquakes during 2016–2017 Central Italy seismic sequence (Tan et al., 2021). Stars highlight main-shock epicenters. Lines show traces of major regional faults. (B) Evolution of basement seismic rate (depth >9 km) during sequence (Eqs—earthquakes). Vertical lines mark occurrences of main shocks: A—Amatrice; V—Visso; N—Norcia; C—Campotosto. (C) Plan view at depth of 10 km showing Coulomb stress change (see SM1 [text footnote 1]) and aftershocks (from 10 to 11 km) of Norcia main shock within 30 days. Black rectangle is Norcia main shock fault box.]()
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![Hypocenters superposed on the simplified geometry for numerical experiments. (A) Earthquakes from the 2009 L’Aquila and 2016 Amatrice-Visso-Norcia (AVN) sequences divide the study area in the Apennines of Italy into four sections: (1) AVN North (light blue), (2) AVN South (dark blue), (3) L’Aquila North (light green), (4) L’Aquila South (dark green). (B) 3-D hypocenter distribution of the four sections, and the fault systems used in each simulation. Note that the study area includes numerous unnamed shallow east-dipping faults shown as thin green and brown lines. LFS—Laga Mountain fault system; MFS—Montereale fault system; PSDFS—Paganica–S. Demetrio fault system; VBFS—Mt. Vettore–Mt. Bove faults.]()
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Journal Article
The Campotosto linkage fault zone between the 2009 and 2016 seismic sequences of central Italy: Implications for seismic hazard analysis Open Access
Journal: GSA Bulletin
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Published: 14 December 2020
GSA Bulletin (2021) 133 (7-8): 1679–1694.
... be carried out considering the seismological data provided, in particular, by the 2009-L′Aquila (Mw = 6.3) and the 2016-Amatrice-Visso-Norcia (Mw max = 6.5) earthquakes. Moreover, these high-resolution data, together with the geological surveys carried out immediately after the mainshocks, allowed us...
FIGURES
Journal Article
Machine‐Learning‐Based High‐Resolution Earthquake Catalog Reveals How Complex Fault Structures Were Activated during the 2016–2017 Central Italy Sequence Open Access
Journal: The Seismic Record
Publisher: Seismological Society of America
Published: 04 May 2021
The Seismic Record (2021) 1 (1): 11–19.
... Amatrice event on 24 August 2016, followed by the M w 5.9 Visso event on 26 October and the M w 6.5 Norcia event on 30 October. We analyze continuous data from a dense network of 139 seismic stations to build a high‐precision catalog of ∼ 900 , 000 earthquakes spanning a 1 yr period, based on arrival times...
FIGURES
Includes: Supplemental Content
Journal Article
3-D model reveals thermal decomposition as a potential driver of seismicity in the Apennines, Italy Open Access
Journal: GSA Bulletin
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Published: 18 July 2024
GSA Bulletin (2025) 137 (1-2): 341–350.
.... Numerical simulations mimic the generation of thermally decomposed fluids and reproduce the 2009 L’Aquila M w 6.3 and the 2016 Amatrice-Visso-Norcia M w 6.5 earthquake sequences. We identify hydraulic barriers and a minimum magnitude (M w > 4) for thermal decomposition, which generate significant...
FIGURES
Image
Twenty-four-hour interval forecasting of M w > 3 earthquakes followin... Available to Purchase
in Exploring probabilistic seismic risk assessment accounting for seismicity clustering and damage accumulation: Part I. Hazard analysis
> Earthquake Spectra
Published: 01 May 2021
Figure 7. Twenty-four-hour interval forecasting of M w > 3 earthquakes following the M5.9 2016 Visso earthquake and including the M6.5 October 2016 Norcia earthquake via the G20sm_ab_6 (left) and G20sm_6 (right) models. The input seismicity history is updated every 24 h, that is, before
Journal Article
Impact of Magnitude Selection on Aleatory Variability Associated with Ground‐Motion Prediction Equations: Part I—Local, Energy, and Moment Magnitude Calibration and Stress‐Drop Variability in Central Italy Available to Purchase
Publisher: Seismological Society of America
Published: 01 May 2018
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2018) 108 (3A): 1427–1442.
... occurred in the area, including those associated with the 2009 M w 6.3 L'Aquila earthquake and the 2016–2017 sequence ( M w 6.2 Amatrice, M w 6.1 Visso, and M w 6.5 Norcia earthquakes). We calibrated a local magnitude scale, investigating the impact of changing the reference distance at which...
FIGURES
Includes: Supplemental Content
Journal Article
Seismic velocity precursors to the 2016 Mw 6.5 Norcia (Italy) earthquake Available to Purchase
Journal: Geology
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Published: 01 June 2020
Geology (2020) 48 (9): 924–928.
... similar preparatory phases in nature remains difficult because it requires dense monitoring in advance. The 2016 Amatrice-Visso-Norcia (central Italy) earthquake cascade, captured by an unprecedented seismic network, provided a unique testing ground to image the preparatory phase of a large event...
FIGURES
Journal Article
A Reliable Procedure to Estimate the Rupture Propagation Directions from Source Directivity: The 2016–2018 Central Italy Seismic Sequence Available to Purchase
Journal: Seismological Research Letters
Publisher: Seismological Society of America
Published: 10 April 2023
Seismological Research Letters (2023) 94 (4): 1912–1924.
... without requiring the deconvolution of the instrumental response and without knowing a priori the attenuation model and the orientation of the activated fault system. We apply the method to the 2016–2017 Amatrice‐Visso‐Norcia high‐energy and long‐lasting earthquake series in central Italy, which affected...
FIGURES
Includes: Supplemental Content
Journal Article
The 2016 Central Italy Seismic Sequence: A First Look at the Mainshocks, Aftershocks, and Source Models Available to Purchase
Journal: Seismological Research Letters
Publisher: Seismological Society of America
Published: 29 March 2017
Seismological Research Letters (2017) 88 (3): 757–771.
...L. Chiaraluce; R. Di Stefano; E. Tinti; L. Scognamiglio; M. Michele; E. Casarotti; M. Cattaneo; P. De Gori; C. Chiarabba; G. Monachesi; A. Lombardi; L. Valoroso; D. Latorre; S. Marzorati ABSTRACT The 2016 central Italy seismic sequence consists so far of a series of moderate‐to‐large earthquakes...
FIGURES
Includes: Supplemental Content
Image
(a) Map of the area affected by the 2016–2017 Amatrice–Visso–Norcia–Capitig... Open Access
Published: 05 June 2025
Figure 2. (a) Map of the area affected by the 2016–2017 Amatrice–Visso–Norcia–Capitignano earthquake sequence, showing the distribution of all events with magnitude M 2.5+. The inset indicates the exact location of the study area (the white rectangle). The coloring indicates the number of days
Image
Epicenters of 55,000 events from the 2009 L’Aquila sequence (coded by depth... Open Access
in 3-D model reveals thermal decomposition as a potential driver of seismicity in the Apennines, Italy
> GSA Bulletin
Published: 18 July 2024
Figure 1. Epicenters of 55,000 events from the 2009 L’Aquila sequence (coded by depth in gray) and the 2016 AVN sequence (coded by depth in green) in the Apennines of Italy. The two earthquake sequences that span the area between Visso and L’Aquila are associated with three dominant geological
Image
(a) Average source‐station S ‐wave path kappa κ ˜ ( r ) calcul... Available to Purchase
in Temporal Variation of the Spectral Decay Parameter Kappa Detected before and after the 2016 Main Earthquakes of Central Italy
> Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
Published: 25 October 2022
) of the Visso earthquake ( M w 5.9) of 26 October 2016.
Image
Map of the events (stars) and accelerometric stations (triangles) used in t... Available to Purchase
in Onsite Earthquake Early Warning: Predictive Models for Acceleration Response Spectra Considering Site Effects
> Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
Published: 05 May 2020
earthquake (yellow star), 26 October 2016 M w 5.9 Visso earthquake (orange star), and 30 October 2016 M w 6.5 Norcia earthquake (red star); while all the other earthquakes are shown as black stars. We also highlighted the ACT and T1244 stations and the earthquakes for which we show
Image
Graphical representation of the equivalent magnitude of the central Apennin... Open Access
in The Campotosto linkage fault zone between the 2009 and 2016 seismic sequences of central Italy: Implications for seismic hazard analysis
> GSA Bulletin
Published: 14 December 2020
Figure 7. Graphical representation of the equivalent magnitude of the central Apennines fault system-related historical earthquakes of central Italy versus time and seismic cycle (modified after Tondi and Cello, 2003 ). The cumulative displacements for the 2009 L′Aquila and 2016 Amatrice-Visso
Journal Article
Do Graviquakes Exist? Open Access
Publisher: Seismological Society of America
Published: 05 June 2025
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2025)
...Figure 2. (a) Map of the area affected by the 2016–2017 Amatrice–Visso–Norcia–Capitignano earthquake sequence, showing the distribution of all events with magnitude M 2.5+. The inset indicates the exact location of the study area (the white rectangle). The coloring indicates the number of days...
FIGURES
Early Publication
Includes: Supplemental Content
Image
Vertical sections of stress‐drop anomalies ϵ , computed as residuals w... Available to Purchase
in Scaling and Depth Variability of Source Parameters in Central and Southern Italy Using Regional Attenuation Models
> Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
Published: 29 October 2024
, datum WGS84 ( Pebesma and Bivand, 2005 ). In the lower panel, the locations of the M w 6.1 2009 L’Aquila, M w 6 2016 Amatrice, M w 6.5 Norcia, and M w 5.9 Visso earthquakes are indicated by labels. The color version of this figure is available only in the electronic
Journal Article
The Damage Assessment for Rapid Response (DARR) Method and its Application to Different Ground‐Motion Levels and Building Types Available to Purchase
Journal: Seismological Research Letters
Publisher: Seismological Society of America
Published: 27 February 2023
Seismological Research Letters (2023) 94 (3): 1536–1555.
... structural relative displacements are compared with the observed ones (from the recordings). The procedure was performed for 19 building–earthquake pairs. The first event of the 2016 Central Italy sequence, an M w 6.0 earthquake, is considered in the study. The other events have PGA mostly below...
FIGURES
Includes: Supplemental Content
Journal Article
Temporal Variation of the Spectral Decay Parameter Kappa Detected before and after the 2016 Main Earthquakes of Central Italy Available to Purchase
Publisher: Seismological Society of America
Published: 25 October 2022
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2022) 112 (6): 3037–3045.
...) of the Visso earthquake ( M w 5.9) of 26 October 2016. ...
FIGURES
Image
![(A) Map of distribution of earthquakes during 2016–2017 Central Italy seismic sequence (Tan et al., 2021). Stars highlight main-shock epicenters. Lines show traces of major regional faults. (B) Evolution of basement seismic rate (depth >9 km) during sequence (Eqs—earthquakes). Vertical lines mark occurrences of main shocks: A—Amatrice; V—Visso; N—Norcia; C—Campotosto. (C) Plan view at depth of 10 km showing Coulomb stress change (see SM1 [text footnote 1]) and aftershocks (from 10 to 11 km) of Norcia main shock within 30 days. Black rectangle is Norcia main shock fault box.](https://gsw.silverchair-cdn.com/gsw/Content_public/Journal/geology/51/10/10.1130_G51432.1/3/s_g51432.1_f01.png?Expires=2147483647&Signature=YMRu1icX6Yte8O50qixE2a5BteJoKVdUsIeFmoGerfbwYmTfqUCeYtR-SSURpLY8FrJrnixvftWzhK0ULvlzJnJXRkfQZFS0ABhZ6PgE2pW4dDp-wxvcwWnVAdXnxq1-gGqe7VM6PpE5KP5biI8whYdqFdTdBH66ojxhRo9pp5tcOZ65DB7nUuPqrg3OLQJXipA9ijNZO2y1Q8Kf7QQJSamdnwszzSBIHkeKOxQAOalQZUUzloSnqesN9f~GZIIH5Kg1A3-mhUP7fvpG5~sV5XWNrmO6juIaFxEyvEP3YfU6F-dqMPKKRiGSYOcyXbMkOLtuaSH1tO9TTa4LO05xUQ__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAIE5G5CRDK6RD3PGA)
(A) Map of distribution of earthquakes during 2016–2017 Central Italy seism... Open Access
Published: 14 August 2023
Figure 1. (A) Map of distribution of earthquakes during 2016–2017 Central Italy seismic sequence ( Tan et al., 2021 ). Stars highlight main-shock epicenters. Lines show traces of major regional faults. (B) Evolution of basement seismic rate (depth >9 km) during sequence (Eqs—earthquakes
Journal Article
The power of the little ones: Computed and observed aftershock hazard in Central Italy Available to Purchase
Journal: Earthquake Spectra
Publisher: Earthquake Engineering Research Institute
Published: 01 February 2022
Earthquake Spectra (2022) 38 (1): 702–724.
..., respectively. The aftershock hazard computed in P16 was no longer realistic after the M w 5.9 Visso earthquake on 26 October 2016 which caused a spike in earthquake occurrence rates inconsistent with a single OU decay curve. We note, however, that the Visso earthquake, as well as a M w 5.5 that occurred...
FIGURES
Image
Hypocenters superposed on the simplified geometry for numerical experiments... Open Access
in 3-D model reveals thermal decomposition as a potential driver of seismicity in the Apennines, Italy
> GSA Bulletin
Published: 18 July 2024
Figure 2. Hypocenters superposed on the simplified geometry for numerical experiments. (A) Earthquakes from the 2009 L’Aquila and 2016 Amatrice-Visso-Norcia (AVN) sequences divide the study area in the Apennines of Italy into four sections: (1) AVN North (light blue), (2) AVN South (dark blue
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