... (2002) ; O’Connor and Thomas (1999) ; Stokes et al. (1998) ; Stokes et al. (1997) (left frame), and further cave studies in south-eastern Africa from Brook et al. (1997) (right frame); ( b ) Crater lake Tswaing with present day vegetation: Acacia dominating the lower slope, Spirostachys...

... brecciated sandstone and shale of the Beaufort Group. Kalkkop has been previously dated at ~250 Ka using the U-Th method, similar in age to the Tswaing Crater, 40 km northwest of Pretoria. However, the inferred crater rim at Kalkkop has been almost entirely eroded and, given the low regional erosion rates...

... and marine environments. Excellent examples come from the Tswaing crater (Kristen et al., 2007) and marine deposits from the southern KwaZulu-Natal coastline ( Simon et al., 2015 ). Table 1. Elemental proxy records of palaeoenvironmental change in southern Africa. Studies selected on the basis...

... (ssNa+; EPICA—European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica) record ( Fischer et al., 2007 ) (C), and hydroclimate proxies from Tswaing Crater, South Africa ( Partridge et al., 1997 ) and the Gulf of Aden (δD values multiplied by −1 for comparability with the Tswaing Crater record; Tierney et al., 2017...

... Carbon for Tswaing Crater ( Partridge et al., 1993 ), ( e ) and ( f ) pollen records of Fynbos and Aquatic:Riparian proportions from Vankervelsvlei ( Quick et al., 2016 ), ( g ) Alkenone-based SST reconstruction for offshore southeast Atlantic, within the Benguela Current ( Kirst et al., 1999 ), ( h...

... systematic of the Lonar melt rocks have not been affected by any postimpact thermal event. However, examples, such as impact glasses from the Tswaing crater in Africa ( Jourdan et al., 2007 ), make us urge caution about dating very young impact craters with the 40 Ar/ 39 Ar technique due to the pervasive...

... crater is rare. The only other comparable published records come from the Miocene Ries crater in southern Germany ( Füchtbauer et al., 1977 ; Jankowski, 1977 ) and the Pleistocene Tswaing crater in South Africa ( Partridge, 1999 ). At both these sites, however, the bolide struck a subaerial target...

... to the late Holocene. There are very few records from ~256 ka, e.g. Florisbad, and ~100 ka for coastal sites, and for Tswaing Crater and Wonderwerk Cave, both inland sites. Many archaeological sites have interrupted records due to lack of preservation or non-continuous occupation. Previous reviews...

... on an initial diagram by Chapman and Morrison (1994) . K/P = Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary event (= Chicxulub impact event). Tswaing crater would plot together with Meteor Crater of the same size, and Vredefort would be located in this plot to the southeast of the K/P impact. ...