Skip Nav Destination
Close Modal
RESULTS FOR
Toba Caldera
Update search
Filter
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
Filter
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
Filter
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
Filter
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
Filter
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
Filter
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
NARROW
Format
Article Type
Journal
Publisher
Section
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
-
North Africa
-
Atlas Mountains
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Anti-Atlas (1)
-
-
-
Morocco
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Anti-Atlas (1)
-
-
-
-
West Africa (1)
-
West African Craton (1)
-
-
Altiplano (3)
-
Antarctica
-
Antarctic Peninsula
-
Graham Land (1)
-
-
-
Arctic region
-
Greenland
-
East Greenland (1)
-
Jameson Land (1)
-
Northern Greenland (1)
-
-
-
Asia
-
Central Asia
-
Kazakhstan
-
Kokchetav Kazakhstan
-
Kokchetav Massif (1)
-
-
-
-
Far East
-
China
-
Dabie Mountains (1)
-
Hunan China (1)
-
North China Platform (1)
-
South China Block (2)
-
Sulu Terrane (1)
-
Xizang China
-
Gangdese Belt (1)
-
-
-
Indonesia
-
Java
-
Merapi (1)
-
-
Sumatra
-
Toba Lake (11)
-
-
Sunda Arc (2)
-
-
Japan
-
Hokkaido (1)
-
Honshu
-
Kii Peninsula (1)
-
Niigata Japan (1)
-
-
-
Korea
-
North Korea (1)
-
-
Malay Peninsula
-
West Malaysia
-
Selangor Malaysia
-
Kuala Lumpur Malaysia (1)
-
-
-
-
Malaysia
-
West Malaysia
-
Selangor Malaysia
-
Kuala Lumpur Malaysia (1)
-
-
-
-
Philippine Islands
-
Luzon
-
Mount Pinatubo (1)
-
-
-
Singapore (1)
-
-
Indian Peninsula
-
Bangladesh (1)
-
India
-
Andhra Pradesh India
-
Cuddapah India (1)
-
-
Bengal Islands
-
Andaman Islands (3)
-
-
Deccan Plateau (1)
-
Maharashtra India (1)
-
Tamil Nadu India
-
Chennai India (1)
-
-
-
-
Kamchatka Russian Federation
-
Kamchatka Peninsula
-
Avacha (2)
-
Bezymyannyy (2)
-
Klyuchevskaya Sopka (3)
-
Sheveluch (1)
-
Tolbachik (1)
-
-
-
Middle East
-
Turkey
-
North Anatolian Fault (1)
-
-
-
Russian Pacific region (2)
-
Sakhalin Russian Federation
-
Kuril Islands (1)
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
North Atlantic
-
Baltic Sea
-
Gulf of Riga (1)
-
-
-
-
Australasia
-
Australia
-
Western Australia (2)
-
-
New Zealand
-
Auckland volcanic field (1)
-
Taranaki New Zealand
-
Mount Egmont (1)
-
-
Tarawera volcanic complex (1)
-
Taupo (1)
-
Taupo volcanic zone (6)
-
-
-
Canada
-
Western Canada
-
Alberta
-
Medicine Hat Alberta (1)
-
-
Saskatchewan (1)
-
-
-
Caribbean region
-
West Indies
-
Antilles
-
Lesser Antilles
-
Dominica (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Cascade Range (1)
-
Central America
-
Costa Rica (1)
-
-
Cerro Prieto (1)
-
Commonwealth of Independent States
-
Kazakhstan
-
Kokchetav Kazakhstan
-
Kokchetav Massif (1)
-
-
-
Russian Federation
-
Kamchatka Russian Federation
-
Kamchatka Peninsula
-
Avacha (2)
-
Bezymyannyy (2)
-
Klyuchevskaya Sopka (3)
-
Sheveluch (1)
-
Tolbachik (1)
-
-
-
Russian Pacific region (2)
-
Sakhalin Russian Federation
-
Kuril Islands (1)
-
-
-
-
Cook Inlet (1)
-
Crater Lake (1)
-
East Pacific Ocean Islands
-
Hawaii
-
Hawaii County Hawaii
-
Hawaii Island
-
Kilauea (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Europe
-
Alps (1)
-
Baltic region
-
Estonia
-
Saaremaa (1)
-
-
-
Central Europe
-
Germany
-
Rhineland-Palatinate Germany
-
Laacher See (1)
-
-
-
-
Pyrenees
-
Spanish Pyrenees (1)
-
-
Southern Europe
-
Greece (1)
-
Iberian Peninsula
-
Spain
-
Andalusia Spain
-
Almeria Spain (2)
-
-
Aragon Spain
-
Saragossa Spain (1)
-
-
Catalonia Spain (2)
-
Spanish Pyrenees (1)
-
-
-
Italy
-
Apennines
-
Apuane Alps (1)
-
-
Campania Italy
-
Phlegraean Fields (3)
-
Vesuvius (1)
-
-
Sardinia Italy (1)
-
Sicily Italy
-
Lipari Islands
-
Lipari Island (1)
-
-
-
Trentino-Alto Adige Italy (1)
-
Tuscany Italy
-
Apuane Alps (1)
-
-
-
-
Western Europe
-
Iceland (5)
-
Scandinavia
-
Norway (1)
-
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
Scotland
-
Aberdeenshire Scotland
-
Aberdeen Scotland (1)
-
-
Argyllshire Scotland
-
Mull Island (1)
-
-
Hebrides
-
Inner Hebrides
-
Isle of Skye (1)
-
Mull Island (1)
-
-
-
Highland region Scotland
-
Inverness-shire Scotland
-
Isle of Skye (1)
-
-
Sutherland Scotland
-
Assynt (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Great Sumatran Fault (3)
-
Indian Ocean
-
Java Trench (1)
-
Wharton Basin (1)
-
-
Indian Ocean Islands
-
Mascarene Islands
-
Reunion
-
Piton de la Fournaise (1)
-
-
-
-
Jack Hills (1)
-
Long Valley (1)
-
Mediterranean region (1)
-
Mexico
-
Baja California (1)
-
Baja California Mexico (1)
-
Durango Mexico (1)
-
Puebla Mexico
-
Los Humeros (1)
-
-
Sierra Madre Occidental (2)
-
Sonora Mexico (1)
-
Trans-Mexican volcanic belt (2)
-
-
NanTroSEIZE
-
Expedition 322 (1)
-
Expedition 333 (1)
-
IODP Site C0011 (1)
-
IODP Site C0012 (1)
-
-
North America
-
Appalachians
-
Central Appalachians (1)
-
Southern Appalachians (1)
-
-
Basin and Range Province
-
Great Basin (6)
-
-
Canadian Shield
-
Grenville Province (1)
-
Superior Province (1)
-
-
Gulf Coastal Plain (2)
-
Niagara Falls (1)
-
North American Cordillera (3)
-
Rocky Mountains
-
Southern Rocky Mountains (6)
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains
-
San Juan Mountains
-
Creede Caldera (1)
-
-
Sawatch Range (1)
-
-
-
-
North Island (8)
-
Oceania
-
Polynesia
-
Hawaii
-
Hawaii County Hawaii
-
Hawaii Island
-
Kilauea (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Oslo Rift (1)
-
Pacific Coast (1)
-
Pacific Ocean
-
East Pacific
-
Northeast Pacific
-
Axial Seamount (1)
-
Gulf of California (2)
-
-
-
North Pacific
-
Northeast Pacific
-
Axial Seamount (1)
-
Gulf of California (2)
-
-
Northwest Pacific
-
Nankai Trough (1)
-
Shikoku Basin (1)
-
South China Sea (4)
-
-
-
South Pacific
-
Kermadec Trench (1)
-
Southwest Pacific
-
Tasman Sea (1)
-
-
-
West Pacific
-
Banda Arc (1)
-
Northwest Pacific
-
Nankai Trough (1)
-
Shikoku Basin (1)
-
South China Sea (4)
-
-
Southwest Pacific
-
Tasman Sea (1)
-
-
-
-
Pacific region
-
Circum-Pacific region (1)
-
-
Puna (2)
-
San Andreas Fault (1)
-
San Jorge Basin (1)
-
Sierra Nevada (4)
-
South America
-
Andes
-
Central Andes (5)
-
-
Argentina
-
Chubut Argentina (1)
-
-
Bolivia (2)
-
Brazil
-
Borborema (1)
-
-
Chile
-
Antofagasta Chile (1)
-
Atacama Desert (1)
-
Tarapaca Chile (1)
-
-
Patagonia (3)
-
-
Southern Ocean (1)
-
Taranaki Basin (1)
-
United States
-
Alaska
-
Katmai (1)
-
Kenai Peninsula (1)
-
-
California
-
Butte County California (1)
-
Central California (1)
-
Fresno County California (1)
-
Inyo County California
-
Coso Range (1)
-
-
Mono County California
-
Long Valley Caldera (7)
-
-
Salton Trough (1)
-
San Francisco Bay region (1)
-
Sierra Nevada Batholith (3)
-
Southern California (2)
-
Tulare County California (1)
-
-
Colorado
-
Colorado mineral belt (1)
-
Gunnison County Colorado (1)
-
Mineral County Colorado
-
Creede Caldera (1)
-
-
Rio Grande County Colorado (1)
-
Saguache County Colorado (2)
-
San Juan volcanic field (3)
-
Sawatch Range (1)
-
-
Great Basin (6)
-
Hawaii
-
Hawaii County Hawaii
-
Hawaii Island
-
Kilauea (1)
-
-
-
-
Idaho
-
Snake River plain (2)
-
-
Idaho Batholith (2)
-
Louisiana (1)
-
Maine (1)
-
Mississippi Delta (1)
-
Nevada (9)
-
New Mexico
-
Datil-Mogollon volcanic field (2)
-
Jemez Lineament (1)
-
Jemez Mountains (1)
-
Taos County New Mexico
-
Questa Caldera (1)
-
-
Valles Caldera (3)
-
-
New York
-
Adirondack Mountains (1)
-
-
Oregon (1)
-
Southwestern U.S. (1)
-
Texas (2)
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains
-
San Juan Mountains
-
Creede Caldera (1)
-
-
Sawatch Range (1)
-
-
Utah
-
Kane County Utah (1)
-
Washington County Utah (1)
-
-
Walker Lane (1)
-
Washington (1)
-
Western U.S. (2)
-
Wyoming (3)
-
Yellowstone National Park (4)
-
-
-
commodities
-
geothermal energy (2)
-
metal ores
-
copper ores (2)
-
gold ores (1)
-
lithium ores (1)
-
molybdenum ores (2)
-
silver ores (2)
-
-
mineral deposits, genesis (3)
-
mineral exploration (2)
-
petroleum (1)
-
water resources (1)
-
-
elements, isotopes
-
boron (1)
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (2)
-
C-14 (1)
-
organic carbon (1)
-
-
chemical ratios (2)
-
hydrogen
-
D/H (1)
-
-
isotope ratios (28)
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
C-14 (1)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (3)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (2)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (2)
-
Ra-226 (1)
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
Th-230 (1)
-
U-238 (1)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
C-13/C-12 (2)
-
D/H (1)
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (3)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (5)
-
O-17/O-16 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (16)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (3)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (2)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (2)
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
S-33/S-32 (1)
-
S-34/S-32 (4)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (10)
-
-
-
metals
-
actinides
-
thorium
-
Th-230 (1)
-
-
uranium
-
U-238 (1)
-
-
-
alkali metals
-
lithium (1)
-
potassium (1)
-
rubidium
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
barium (1)
-
magnesium (1)
-
radium
-
Ra-226 (1)
-
-
strontium
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (10)
-
-
-
hafnium
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (3)
-
-
iron (2)
-
lead
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (3)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (2)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (2)
-
-
manganese (1)
-
rare earths
-
cerium (3)
-
lanthanum (1)
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (5)
-
-
samarium (1)
-
ytterbium (1)
-
yttrium (2)
-
-
titanium (3)
-
zirconium (2)
-
-
oxygen
-
O-17/O-16 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (16)
-
-
short-lived isotopes (1)
-
sulfur
-
S-33/S-32 (1)
-
S-34/S-32 (4)
-
-
-
fossils
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Tetrapoda
-
Mammalia
-
Theria
-
Eutheria
-
Artiodactyla
-
Ruminantia
-
Bovidae
-
Bos (1)
-
-
-
-
Perissodactyla
-
Hippomorpha
-
Equidae
-
Equus (1)
-
-
-
-
Primates
-
Hominidae
-
Homo
-
Homo sapiens
-
Homo sapiens neanderthalensis (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Proboscidea
-
Elephantoidea
-
Elephantidae
-
Elephas (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Graptolithina
-
Graptoloidea (1)
-
-
Invertebrata
-
Bryozoa (1)
-
Cnidaria
-
Anthozoa
-
Zoantharia
-
Scleractinia
-
Porites (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Mollusca
-
Bivalvia (1)
-
Gastropoda (1)
-
Scaphopoda (1)
-
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera
-
Rotaliina
-
Globigerinacea
-
Globigerinidae
-
Globigerina
-
Globigerina bulloides (1)
-
-
-
Neogloboquadrina
-
Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
microfossils
-
Chitinozoa (1)
-
-
palynomorphs
-
Chitinozoa (1)
-
Dinoflagellata (1)
-
miospores
-
pollen (2)
-
-
-
Plantae
-
algae
-
Rhodophyta
-
Corallinaceae (1)
-
-
-
-
-
geochronology methods
-
(U-Th)/He (1)
-
Ar/Ar (14)
-
fission-track dating (2)
-
K/Ar (1)
-
optically stimulated luminescence (1)
-
paleomagnetism (9)
-
Rb/Sr (1)
-
tephrochronology (5)
-
Th/U (4)
-
U/Pb (21)
-
U/Th/Pb (4)
-
uranium disequilibrium (5)
-
-
geologic age
-
Cenozoic
-
middle Cenozoic (1)
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene
-
upper Holocene
-
Roman period (1)
-
-
-
Pleistocene
-
Bandelier Tuff (4)
-
Bishop Tuff (8)
-
Matuyama Chron (1)
-
upper Pleistocene
-
Eemian (1)
-
Weichselian
-
upper Weichselian
-
Allerod (1)
-
-
-
Wisconsinan (1)
-
-
-
upper Quaternary
-
Brunhes Chron (1)
-
-
-
Stone Age
-
Paleolithic
-
Acheulian (1)
-
-
-
Tertiary
-
lower Tertiary (2)
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
lower Miocene (2)
-
middle Miocene (3)
-
Topopah Spring Member (1)
-
upper Miocene (1)
-
-
Pliocene (4)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
upper Eocene
-
Jackson Group (1)
-
-
-
Kenai Group (1)
-
lower Paleogene (1)
-
Oligocene
-
Fish Canyon Tuff (4)
-
Frio Formation (1)
-
-
Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene
-
K-T boundary (1)
-
-
-
Tyonek Formation (1)
-
-
Sarmiento Formation (1)
-
upper Tertiary (1)
-
-
upper Cenozoic (1)
-
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous (1)
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Bearpaw Formation (1)
-
K-T boundary (1)
-
-
-
Jurassic
-
Carmel Formation (1)
-
Middle Jurassic
-
Bajocian (1)
-
Bathonian (1)
-
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Portlandian (1)
-
Tithonian (1)
-
-
-
Triassic
-
Upper Triassic
-
Norian (1)
-
-
-
-
Paleozoic
-
Carboniferous
-
Lower Carboniferous (1)
-
Upper Carboniferous
-
Stephanian (1)
-
-
-
Devonian
-
Lower Devonian (1)
-
-
Ordovician
-
Upper Ordovician (1)
-
-
Permian (1)
-
Silurian
-
Lower Silurian
-
Wenlock (1)
-
-
Upper Silurian (1)
-
-
-
Phanerozoic (2)
-
Precambrian
-
Archean (1)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Cryogenian (1)
-
Ediacaran (1)
-
Sturtian (1)
-
Torridonian (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
igneous rocks
-
igneous rocks
-
hypabyssal rocks (1)
-
plutonic rocks
-
anorthosite (1)
-
appinite (1)
-
diorites
-
tonalite (1)
-
-
gabbros
-
norite (1)
-
-
granites
-
A-type granites (1)
-
rapakivi (1)
-
-
granodiorites (6)
-
syenites (1)
-
ultramafics
-
peridotites (1)
-
-
-
porphyry (2)
-
volcanic rocks
-
andesites (5)
-
basalts
-
flood basalts (3)
-
-
basanite (1)
-
dacites (2)
-
glasses
-
volcanic glass (5)
-
-
phonolites (1)
-
pyroclastics
-
ash-flow tuff (4)
-
ignimbrite (35)
-
pumice (4)
-
rhyolite tuff (1)
-
tuff (18)
-
welded tuff (2)
-
-
rhyodacites (3)
-
rhyolites (18)
-
trachyandesites (1)
-
trachytes (1)
-
-
-
ophiolite (1)
-
volcanic ash (12)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
K-bentonite (2)
-
metamorphic rocks
-
impactites
-
impact breccia
-
suevite (1)
-
-
-
metaigneous rocks
-
serpentinite (1)
-
-
metasedimentary rocks (1)
-
metasomatic rocks
-
serpentinite (1)
-
-
-
ophiolite (1)
-
-
meteorites
-
meteorites (1)
-
-
minerals
-
K-bentonite (2)
-
minerals (1)
-
oxides
-
aluminum oxides (1)
-
magnesium oxides (1)
-
magnetite (1)
-
titanomagnetite (1)
-
-
phosphates
-
fluorapatite (1)
-
-
silicates
-
chain silicates
-
amphibole group
-
clinoamphibole
-
hornblende (3)
-
-
-
pyroxene group
-
clinopyroxene (2)
-
orthopyroxene (2)
-
-
-
framework silicates
-
feldspar group
-
alkali feldspar
-
sanidine (8)
-
-
plagioclase
-
anorthite (2)
-
-
-
silica minerals
-
cristobalite (1)
-
opal
-
opal-CT (1)
-
-
quartz (9)
-
tridymite (1)
-
-
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
olivine group
-
olivine (2)
-
-
zircon group
-
zircon (35)
-
-
-
sorosilicates
-
epidote group
-
allanite (2)
-
-
-
-
sheet silicates
-
chlorite group
-
chlorite (1)
-
-
clay minerals
-
kaolinite (2)
-
smectite (3)
-
-
mica group
-
biotite (3)
-
-
sericite (1)
-
serpentine group
-
chrysotile (1)
-
-
-
-
sulfates
-
alunite (1)
-
jarosite (1)
-
-
sulfides
-
chalcopyrite (1)
-
molybdenite (1)
-
pentlandite (1)
-
pyrite (1)
-
pyrrhotite (1)
-
sphalerite (1)
-
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (37)
-
Africa
-
North Africa
-
Atlas Mountains
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Anti-Atlas (1)
-
-
-
Morocco
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Anti-Atlas (1)
-
-
-
-
West Africa (1)
-
West African Craton (1)
-
-
Antarctica
-
Antarctic Peninsula
-
Graham Land (1)
-
-
-
Arctic region
-
Greenland
-
East Greenland (1)
-
Jameson Land (1)
-
Northern Greenland (1)
-
-
-
Asia
-
Central Asia
-
Kazakhstan
-
Kokchetav Kazakhstan
-
Kokchetav Massif (1)
-
-
-
-
Far East
-
China
-
Dabie Mountains (1)
-
Hunan China (1)
-
North China Platform (1)
-
South China Block (2)
-
Sulu Terrane (1)
-
Xizang China
-
Gangdese Belt (1)
-
-
-
Indonesia
-
Java
-
Merapi (1)
-
-
Sumatra
-
Toba Lake (11)
-
-
Sunda Arc (2)
-
-
Japan
-
Hokkaido (1)
-
Honshu
-
Kii Peninsula (1)
-
Niigata Japan (1)
-
-
-
Korea
-
North Korea (1)
-
-
Malay Peninsula
-
West Malaysia
-
Selangor Malaysia
-
Kuala Lumpur Malaysia (1)
-
-
-
-
Malaysia
-
West Malaysia
-
Selangor Malaysia
-
Kuala Lumpur Malaysia (1)
-
-
-
-
Philippine Islands
-
Luzon
-
Mount Pinatubo (1)
-
-
-
Singapore (1)
-
-
Indian Peninsula
-
Bangladesh (1)
-
India
-
Andhra Pradesh India
-
Cuddapah India (1)
-
-
Bengal Islands
-
Andaman Islands (3)
-
-
Deccan Plateau (1)
-
Maharashtra India (1)
-
Tamil Nadu India
-
Chennai India (1)
-
-
-
-
Kamchatka Russian Federation
-
Kamchatka Peninsula
-
Avacha (2)
-
Bezymyannyy (2)
-
Klyuchevskaya Sopka (3)
-
Sheveluch (1)
-
Tolbachik (1)
-
-
-
Middle East
-
Turkey
-
North Anatolian Fault (1)
-
-
-
Russian Pacific region (2)
-
Sakhalin Russian Federation
-
Kuril Islands (1)
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
North Atlantic
-
Baltic Sea
-
Gulf of Riga (1)
-
-
-
-
atmosphere (3)
-
Australasia
-
Australia
-
Western Australia (2)
-
-
New Zealand
-
Auckland volcanic field (1)
-
Taranaki New Zealand
-
Mount Egmont (1)
-
-
Tarawera volcanic complex (1)
-
Taupo (1)
-
Taupo volcanic zone (6)
-
-
-
boron (1)
-
Canada
-
Western Canada
-
Alberta
-
Medicine Hat Alberta (1)
-
-
Saskatchewan (1)
-
-
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (2)
-
C-14 (1)
-
organic carbon (1)
-
-
Caribbean region
-
West Indies
-
Antilles
-
Lesser Antilles
-
Dominica (1)
-
-
-
-
-
catalogs (2)
-
Cenozoic
-
middle Cenozoic (1)
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene
-
upper Holocene
-
Roman period (1)
-
-
-
Pleistocene
-
Bandelier Tuff (4)
-
Bishop Tuff (8)
-
Matuyama Chron (1)
-
upper Pleistocene
-
Eemian (1)
-
Weichselian
-
upper Weichselian
-
Allerod (1)
-
-
-
Wisconsinan (1)
-
-
-
upper Quaternary
-
Brunhes Chron (1)
-
-
-
Stone Age
-
Paleolithic
-
Acheulian (1)
-
-
-
Tertiary
-
lower Tertiary (2)
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
lower Miocene (2)
-
middle Miocene (3)
-
Topopah Spring Member (1)
-
upper Miocene (1)
-
-
Pliocene (4)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
upper Eocene
-
Jackson Group (1)
-
-
-
Kenai Group (1)
-
lower Paleogene (1)
-
Oligocene
-
Fish Canyon Tuff (4)
-
Frio Formation (1)
-
-
Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene
-
K-T boundary (1)
-
-
-
Tyonek Formation (1)
-
-
Sarmiento Formation (1)
-
upper Tertiary (1)
-
-
upper Cenozoic (1)
-
-
Central America
-
Costa Rica (1)
-
-
chemical analysis (1)
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Tetrapoda
-
Mammalia
-
Theria
-
Eutheria
-
Artiodactyla
-
Ruminantia
-
Bovidae
-
Bos (1)
-
-
-
-
Perissodactyla
-
Hippomorpha
-
Equidae
-
Equus (1)
-
-
-
-
Primates
-
Hominidae
-
Homo
-
Homo sapiens
-
Homo sapiens neanderthalensis (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Proboscidea
-
Elephantoidea
-
Elephantidae
-
Elephas (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
clay mineralogy (2)
-
climate change (5)
-
continental drift (1)
-
crust (23)
-
crystal chemistry (1)
-
crystal growth (6)
-
data processing (4)
-
Deep Sea Drilling Project
-
Leg 35
-
DSDP Site 323 (1)
-
-
-
deformation (9)
-
diagenesis (2)
-
Earth (2)
-
earthquakes (22)
-
East Pacific Ocean Islands
-
Hawaii
-
Hawaii County Hawaii
-
Hawaii Island
-
Kilauea (1)
-
-
-
-
-
environmental geology (1)
-
Europe
-
Alps (1)
-
Baltic region
-
Estonia
-
Saaremaa (1)
-
-
-
Central Europe
-
Germany
-
Rhineland-Palatinate Germany
-
Laacher See (1)
-
-
-
-
Pyrenees
-
Spanish Pyrenees (1)
-
-
Southern Europe
-
Greece (1)
-
Iberian Peninsula
-
Spain
-
Andalusia Spain
-
Almeria Spain (2)
-
-
Aragon Spain
-
Saragossa Spain (1)
-
-
Catalonia Spain (2)
-
Spanish Pyrenees (1)
-
-
-
Italy
-
Apennines
-
Apuane Alps (1)
-
-
Campania Italy
-
Phlegraean Fields (3)
-
Vesuvius (1)
-
-
Sardinia Italy (1)
-
Sicily Italy
-
Lipari Islands
-
Lipari Island (1)
-
-
-
Trentino-Alto Adige Italy (1)
-
Tuscany Italy
-
Apuane Alps (1)
-
-
-
-
Western Europe
-
Iceland (5)
-
Scandinavia
-
Norway (1)
-
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
Scotland
-
Aberdeenshire Scotland
-
Aberdeen Scotland (1)
-
-
Argyllshire Scotland
-
Mull Island (1)
-
-
Hebrides
-
Inner Hebrides
-
Isle of Skye (1)
-
Mull Island (1)
-
-
-
Highland region Scotland
-
Inverness-shire Scotland
-
Isle of Skye (1)
-
-
Sutherland Scotland
-
Assynt (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
faults (11)
-
folds (2)
-
fractures (2)
-
geochemistry (22)
-
geochronology (5)
-
geodesy (2)
-
geomorphology (4)
-
geophysical methods (17)
-
geothermal energy (2)
-
glacial geology (1)
-
Graptolithina
-
Graptoloidea (1)
-
-
ground water (2)
-
hydrogen
-
D/H (1)
-
-
igneous rocks
-
hypabyssal rocks (1)
-
plutonic rocks
-
anorthosite (1)
-
appinite (1)
-
diorites
-
tonalite (1)
-
-
gabbros
-
norite (1)
-
-
granites
-
A-type granites (1)
-
rapakivi (1)
-
-
granodiorites (6)
-
syenites (1)
-
ultramafics
-
peridotites (1)
-
-
-
porphyry (2)
-
volcanic rocks
-
andesites (5)
-
basalts
-
flood basalts (3)
-
-
basanite (1)
-
dacites (2)
-
glasses
-
volcanic glass (5)
-
-
phonolites (1)
-
pyroclastics
-
ash-flow tuff (4)
-
ignimbrite (35)
-
pumice (4)
-
rhyolite tuff (1)
-
tuff (18)
-
welded tuff (2)
-
-
rhyodacites (3)
-
rhyolites (18)
-
trachyandesites (1)
-
trachytes (1)
-
-
-
inclusions
-
fluid inclusions (8)
-
-
Indian Ocean
-
Java Trench (1)
-
Wharton Basin (1)
-
-
Indian Ocean Islands
-
Mascarene Islands
-
Reunion
-
Piton de la Fournaise (1)
-
-
-
-
Integrated Ocean Drilling Program
-
Expedition 322 (1)
-
Expedition 333 (1)
-
IODP Site C0011 (1)
-
IODP Site C0012 (1)
-
-
intrusions (23)
-
Invertebrata
-
Bryozoa (1)
-
Cnidaria
-
Anthozoa
-
Zoantharia
-
Scleractinia
-
Porites (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Mollusca
-
Bivalvia (1)
-
Gastropoda (1)
-
Scaphopoda (1)
-
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera
-
Rotaliina
-
Globigerinacea
-
Globigerinidae
-
Globigerina
-
Globigerina bulloides (1)
-
-
-
Neogloboquadrina
-
Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
C-14 (1)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (3)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (2)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (2)
-
Ra-226 (1)
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
Th-230 (1)
-
U-238 (1)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
C-13/C-12 (2)
-
D/H (1)
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (3)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (5)
-
O-17/O-16 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (16)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (3)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (2)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (2)
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
S-33/S-32 (1)
-
S-34/S-32 (4)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (10)
-
-
-
lava (4)
-
magmas (68)
-
mantle (10)
-
Mediterranean region (1)
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous (1)
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Bearpaw Formation (1)
-
K-T boundary (1)
-
-
-
Jurassic
-
Carmel Formation (1)
-
Middle Jurassic
-
Bajocian (1)
-
Bathonian (1)
-
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Portlandian (1)
-
Tithonian (1)
-
-
-
Triassic
-
Upper Triassic
-
Norian (1)
-
-
-
-
metal ores
-
copper ores (2)
-
gold ores (1)
-
lithium ores (1)
-
molybdenum ores (2)
-
silver ores (2)
-
-
metals
-
actinides
-
thorium
-
Th-230 (1)
-
-
uranium
-
U-238 (1)
-
-
-
alkali metals
-
lithium (1)
-
potassium (1)
-
rubidium
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
barium (1)
-
magnesium (1)
-
radium
-
Ra-226 (1)
-
-
strontium
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (10)
-
-
-
hafnium
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (3)
-
-
iron (2)
-
lead
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (3)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (2)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (2)
-
-
manganese (1)
-
rare earths
-
cerium (3)
-
lanthanum (1)
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (5)
-
-
samarium (1)
-
ytterbium (1)
-
yttrium (2)
-
-
titanium (3)
-
zirconium (2)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
impactites
-
impact breccia
-
suevite (1)
-
-
-
metaigneous rocks
-
serpentinite (1)
-
-
metasedimentary rocks (1)
-
metasomatic rocks
-
serpentinite (1)
-
-
-
metamorphism (4)
-
metasomatism (7)
-
meteorites (1)
-
Mexico
-
Baja California (1)
-
Baja California Mexico (1)
-
Durango Mexico (1)
-
Puebla Mexico
-
Los Humeros (1)
-
-
Sierra Madre Occidental (2)
-
Sonora Mexico (1)
-
Trans-Mexican volcanic belt (2)
-
-
mineral deposits, genesis (3)
-
mineral exploration (2)
-
minerals (1)
-
Mohorovicic discontinuity (1)
-
North America
-
Appalachians
-
Central Appalachians (1)
-
Southern Appalachians (1)
-
-
Basin and Range Province
-
Great Basin (6)
-
-
Canadian Shield
-
Grenville Province (1)
-
Superior Province (1)
-
-
Gulf Coastal Plain (2)
-
Niagara Falls (1)
-
North American Cordillera (3)
-
Rocky Mountains
-
Southern Rocky Mountains (6)
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains
-
San Juan Mountains
-
Creede Caldera (1)
-
-
Sawatch Range (1)
-
-
-
-
Ocean Drilling Program
-
Leg 121
-
ODP Site 758 (1)
-
-
Leg 184
-
ODP Site 1143 (1)
-
-
-
ocean floors (2)
-
Oceania
-
Polynesia
-
Hawaii
-
Hawaii County Hawaii
-
Hawaii Island
-
Kilauea (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
orogeny (3)
-
oxygen
-
O-17/O-16 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (16)
-
-
Pacific Coast (1)
-
Pacific Ocean
-
East Pacific
-
Northeast Pacific
-
Axial Seamount (1)
-
Gulf of California (2)
-
-
-
North Pacific
-
Northeast Pacific
-
Axial Seamount (1)
-
Gulf of California (2)
-
-
Northwest Pacific
-
Nankai Trough (1)
-
Shikoku Basin (1)
-
South China Sea (4)
-
-
-
South Pacific
-
Kermadec Trench (1)
-
Southwest Pacific
-
Tasman Sea (1)
-
-
-
West Pacific
-
Banda Arc (1)
-
Northwest Pacific
-
Nankai Trough (1)
-
Shikoku Basin (1)
-
South China Sea (4)
-
-
Southwest Pacific
-
Tasman Sea (1)
-
-
-
-
Pacific region
-
Circum-Pacific region (1)
-
-
paleoclimatology (11)
-
paleoecology (2)
-
paleogeography (7)
-
paleomagnetism (9)
-
paleontology (1)
-
Paleozoic
-
Carboniferous
-
Lower Carboniferous (1)
-
Upper Carboniferous
-
Stephanian (1)
-
-
-
Devonian
-
Lower Devonian (1)
-
-
Ordovician
-
Upper Ordovician (1)
-
-
Permian (1)
-
Silurian
-
Lower Silurian
-
Wenlock (1)
-
-
Upper Silurian (1)
-
-
-
palynomorphs
-
Chitinozoa (1)
-
Dinoflagellata (1)
-
miospores
-
pollen (2)
-
-
-
petroleum (1)
-
petrology (4)
-
Phanerozoic (2)
-
phase equilibria (3)
-
Plantae
-
algae
-
Rhodophyta
-
Corallinaceae (1)
-
-
-
-
plate tectonics (21)
-
pollution (1)
-
Precambrian
-
Archean (1)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Cryogenian (1)
-
Ediacaran (1)
-
Sturtian (1)
-
Torridonian (1)
-
-
-
-
-
sea-floor spreading (1)
-
sea-level changes (1)
-
sedimentary rocks
-
chemically precipitated rocks
-
siliceous sinter (1)
-
-
clastic rocks
-
bentonite (5)
-
diamictite (1)
-
mudstone (1)
-
red beds (1)
-
shale (1)
-
-
coal (1)
-
-
sedimentary structures
-
rhizoliths (1)
-
secondary structures
-
concretions (1)
-
-
-
sedimentation (2)
-
sediments
-
clastic sediments
-
alluvium (1)
-
diamicton (1)
-
gravel (1)
-
mud (1)
-
-
marine sediments (4)
-
-
seismology (1)
-
soils (1)
-
South America
-
Andes
-
Central Andes (5)
-
-
Argentina
-
Chubut Argentina (1)
-
-
Bolivia (2)
-
Brazil
-
Borborema (1)
-
-
Chile
-
Antofagasta Chile (1)
-
Atacama Desert (1)
-
Tarapaca Chile (1)
-
-
Patagonia (3)
-
-
Southern Ocean (1)
-
spectroscopy (5)
-
springs (1)
-
standard materials (1)
-
stratigraphy (3)
-
stratosphere (1)
-
structural analysis (1)
-
structural geology (5)
-
sulfur
-
S-33/S-32 (1)
-
S-34/S-32 (4)
-
-
tectonics
-
neotectonics (1)
-
-
tectonophysics (2)
-
tektites (1)
-
thermal waters (1)
-
United States
-
Alaska
-
Katmai (1)
-
Kenai Peninsula (1)
-
-
California
-
Butte County California (1)
-
Central California (1)
-
Fresno County California (1)
-
Inyo County California
-
Coso Range (1)
-
-
Mono County California
-
Long Valley Caldera (7)
-
-
Salton Trough (1)
-
San Francisco Bay region (1)
-
Sierra Nevada Batholith (3)
-
Southern California (2)
-
Tulare County California (1)
-
-
Colorado
-
Colorado mineral belt (1)
-
Gunnison County Colorado (1)
-
Mineral County Colorado
-
Creede Caldera (1)
-
-
Rio Grande County Colorado (1)
-
Saguache County Colorado (2)
-
San Juan volcanic field (3)
-
Sawatch Range (1)
-
-
Great Basin (6)
-
Hawaii
-
Hawaii County Hawaii
-
Hawaii Island
-
Kilauea (1)
-
-
-
-
Idaho
-
Snake River plain (2)
-
-
Idaho Batholith (2)
-
Louisiana (1)
-
Maine (1)
-
Mississippi Delta (1)
-
Nevada (9)
-
New Mexico
-
Datil-Mogollon volcanic field (2)
-
Jemez Lineament (1)
-
Jemez Mountains (1)
-
Taos County New Mexico
-
Questa Caldera (1)
-
-
Valles Caldera (3)
-
-
New York
-
Adirondack Mountains (1)
-
-
Oregon (1)
-
Southwestern U.S. (1)
-
Texas (2)
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains
-
San Juan Mountains
-
Creede Caldera (1)
-
-
Sawatch Range (1)
-
-
Utah
-
Kane County Utah (1)
-
Washington County Utah (1)
-
-
Walker Lane (1)
-
Washington (1)
-
Western U.S. (2)
-
Wyoming (3)
-
Yellowstone National Park (4)
-
-
volcanology (9)
-
water resources (1)
-
weathering (1)
-
X-ray analysis (2)
-
-
sedimentary rocks
-
sedimentary rocks
-
chemically precipitated rocks
-
siliceous sinter (1)
-
-
clastic rocks
-
bentonite (5)
-
diamictite (1)
-
mudstone (1)
-
red beds (1)
-
shale (1)
-
-
coal (1)
-
-
shell beds (1)
-
volcaniclastics (11)
-
-
sedimentary structures
-
channels (1)
-
sedimentary structures
-
rhizoliths (1)
-
secondary structures
-
concretions (1)
-
-
-
stratification (1)
-
-
sediments
-
sediments
-
clastic sediments
-
alluvium (1)
-
diamicton (1)
-
gravel (1)
-
mud (1)
-
-
marine sediments (4)
-
-
shell beds (1)
-
volcaniclastics (11)
-
-
soils
-
soils (1)
-
GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Epoch and Age
Book Series
Date
Availability
1-20 OF 232 RESULTS FOR
Toba Caldera
Results shown limited to content with bounding coordinates.
Follow your search
Access your saved searches in your account
Would you like to receive an alert when new items match your search?
Sort by
1
Journal Article
On reported occurrences of shock-deformed clasts in the volcanic ejecta from Toba caldera, Sumatra
Journal: Geology
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Published: 01 November 1989
Geology (1989) 17 (11): 1040–1043.
...V. L. Sharpton; B. C. Schuraytz Abstract Reports of shock-deformed phenocrysts from the Toba ignimbrite deposits, Sumatra, have prompted considerable debate over whether shock-deformation products are clear evidence of a meteorite impact origin for the Cretaceous/Tertiary (K/T) boundary deposits...
Journal Article
Comment and Reply on “Dynamic deformation of volcanic ejecta from the Toba caldera: Possible relevance to Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary phenomena”: COMMENT
Journal: Geology
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Published: 01 January 1987
Geology (1987) 15 (1): 90.
Journal Article
Comment and Reply on “Dynamic deformation of volcanic ejecta from the Toba caldera: Possible relevance to Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary phenomena”: REPLY
Journal: Geology
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Published: 01 January 1987
Geology (1987) 15 (1): 91–92.
Journal Article
Dynamic deformation of volcanic ejecta from the Toba caldera: Possible relevance to Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary phenomena
Journal: Geology
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Published: 01 May 1986
Geology (1986) 14 (5): 380–383.
...Neville L. Carter; Charles B. Officer; Craig A. Chesner; William I. Rose Abstract Plagioclase and biotite phenocrysts in ignimbrites erupted from the Toba caldera, Sumatra, show microstructures and textures indicative of shock stress levels higher than 10 GPa. Strong dynamic deformation has...
Journal Article
Eruptive history of Earth's largest Quaternary caldera (Toba, Indonesia) clarified
Journal: Geology
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Published: 01 March 1991
Geology (1991) 19 (3): 200–203.
... in Malaysia were dated at 68 ±7 ka by the isothermal plateau fission-track technique. These new determinations, in conjunction with previous ages for the two oldest tuffs at Toba, establish the chronology of four eruptive events from the Toba caldera complex over the past 1.2 m.y. Ash-flow tuffs were erupted...
Image
Sample locations shown on a DEM of Toba caldera (Sumatra, Indonesia). Rhyol...
in Quartz crystals in Toba rhyolites show textures symptomatic of rapid crystallization
> American Mineralogist
Published: 01 February 2020
Figure 1. Sample locations shown on a DEM of Toba caldera (Sumatra, Indonesia). Rhyolite dome exposures outside the study area (inset) were discovered in 2015 by Chesner et al. (2020) . (Color online.)
Image
Vertical seismic sections for three subduction zones. A : Toba caldera, Su...
in Migration paths of magma and fluids and lava compositions in Kamchatka
> Russian Geology and Geophysics
Published: 01 December 2012
Fig. 11. Vertical seismic sections for three subduction zones. A : Toba caldera, Sumatra; B : Mount Merapi, Central Java; C : across Central Andes, at 23° S. Projections of earthquakes are shown as asterisks in A and B and as black dots in C . Arrows show possible migration paths
Journal Article
Clay Mineralogy of the Pleistocene Soil Horizon in Barind Tract, Bangladesh
Publisher: Geological Society of India
Published: 01 May 2013
Jour. Geol. Soc. India (2013) 81 (5): 677–684.
... rather than biogenic origin for the Opal-CT in the study area, and X-ray fluorescence data reveals higher percentages of silica which is comparable to the Toba Ash of Toba Caldera, Indonesia of about 75,000 B.P. Kaolinite Chrysotile Opal-CT Barind Tract Bangladesh A major portion...
Journal Article
Migration paths of magma and fluids and lava compositions in Kamchatka
Journal: Russian Geology and Geophysics
Publisher: Novosibirsk State University
Published: 01 December 2012
Russ. Geol. Geophys. (2012) 53 (12): 1253–1275.
...Fig. 11. Vertical seismic sections for three subduction zones. A : Toba caldera, Sumatra; B : Mount Merapi, Central Java; C : across Central Andes, at 23° S. Projections of earthquakes are shown as asterisks in A and B and as black dots in C . Arrows show possible migration paths...
Image
Products of large explosive eruptions: ( A ) giant eruption cloud approxima...
Published: 01 February 2008
of Lake Toba caldera, Sumatra, with 300 m high flat-topped cliffs in the background, which represent the caldera rim capped by landscape-burying ignimbrite deposits produced by a supereruption 74,000 years ago; for comparison, the area of Toba caldera is 3000 km 2 ( photo by S. B lake ).
Image
Products of large explosive eruptions: ( A ) giant eruption cloud approxima...
Published: 01 February 2008
of Lake Toba caldera, Sumatra, with 300 m high flat-topped cliffs in the background, which represent the caldera rim capped by landscape-burying ignimbrite deposits produced by a supereruption 74,000 years ago; for comparison, the area of Toba caldera is 3000 km 2 ( photo by S. B lake ).
Image
Products of large explosive eruptions: ( A ) giant eruption cloud approxima...
Published: 01 February 2008
of Lake Toba caldera, Sumatra, with 300 m high flat-topped cliffs in the background, which represent the caldera rim capped by landscape-burying ignimbrite deposits produced by a supereruption 74,000 years ago; for